1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54
  55/* enums */
  56enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  57enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  58enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  59enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  60
  61/* typedefs */
  62typedef struct Client Client;
  63struct Client {
  64	char name[256];
  65	int x, y, w, h;
  66	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  67	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  68	long flags;
  69	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  70	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  71	Bool *tags;
  72	Client *next;
  73	Client *prev;
  74	Client *snext;
  75	Window win;
  76};
  77
  78typedef struct {
  79	int x, y, w, h;
  80	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  81	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  82	Drawable drawable;
  83	GC gc;
  84	struct {
  85		int ascent;
  86		int descent;
  87		int height;
  88		XFontSet set;
  89		XFontStruct *xfont;
  90	} font;
  91} DC; /* draw context */
  92
  93typedef struct {
  94	unsigned long mod;
  95	KeySym keysym;
  96	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  97	const char *arg;
  98} Key;
  99
 100typedef struct {
 101	const char *symbol;
 102	void (*arrange)(void);
 103	void (*updategeom)(void);
 104} Layout;
 105
 106typedef struct {
 107	const char *class;
 108	const char *instance;
 109	const char *title;
 110	const char *tag;
 111	Bool isfloating;
 112} Rule;
 113
 114/* function declarations */
 115void applyrules(Client *c);
 116void arrange(void);
 117void attach(Client *c);
 118void attachstack(Client *c);
 119void ban(Client *c);
 120void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 121void checkotherwm(void);
 122void cleanup(void);
 123void configure(Client *c);
 124void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 125void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 126void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 127void detach(Client *c);
 128void detachstack(Client *c);
 129void drawbar(void);
 130void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 131void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 132void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 133void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 134void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 135void expose(XEvent *e);
 136void focus(Client *c);
 137void focusin(XEvent *e);
 138void focusnext(const char *arg);
 139void focusprev(const char *arg);
 140Client *getclient(Window w);
 141unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 142long getstate(Window w);
 143Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 144void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 145void grabkeys(void);
 146unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 147void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 148Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 149Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 150Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 151Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const char *arg);
 154void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 155void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 156void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nextunfloating(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const char *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setmfact(const char *arg);
 168void setup(void);
 169void spawn(const char *arg);
 170void tag(const char *arg);
 171unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 172unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 173void tile(void);
 174void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 175void togglebar(const char *arg);
 176void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 177void togglelayout(const char *arg);
 178void toggletag(const char *arg);
 179void toggleview(const char *arg);
 180void unban(Client *c);
 181void unmanage(Client *c);
 182void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 183void updatebar(void);
 184void updategeom(void);
 185void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 186void updatetilegeom(void);
 187void updatetitle(Client *c);
 188void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 189void view(const char *arg);
 190void viewprevtag(const char *arg);
 191int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 192int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 193int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194void zoom(const char *arg);
 195
 196/* variables */
 197char stext[256];
 198int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 199int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 200int mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th;
 201int seltags = 0;
 202int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 203unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 204void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 205	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 206	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 207	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 208	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 209	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 210	[Expose] = expose,
 211	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 212	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 213	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 214	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 215	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 216	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 217};
 218Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 219Bool otherwm, readin;
 220Bool running = True;
 221Bool *tagset[2];
 222Client *clients = NULL;
 223Client *sel = NULL;
 224Client *stack = NULL;
 225Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 226Display *dpy;
 227DC dc = {0};
 228Layout layouts[];
 229Layout *lt = layouts;
 230Window root, barwin;
 231
 232/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 233#include "config.h"
 234#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 235
 236/* function implementations */
 237
 238void
 239applyrules(Client *c) {
 240	unsigned int i;
 241	Bool matched = False;
 242	Rule *r;
 243	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 244
 245	/* rule matching */
 246	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 247	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 248		r = &rules[i];
 249		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 250		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 251		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 252			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 253			if(r->tag) {
 254				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 255				matched = True;
 256			}
 257		}
 258	}
 259	if(ch.res_class)
 260		XFree(ch.res_class);
 261	if(ch.res_name)
 262		XFree(ch.res_name);
 263	if(!matched)
 264		memcpy(c->tags, tagset[seltags], TAGSZ);
 265}
 266
 267void
 268arrange(void) {
 269	Client *c;
 270
 271	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 272		if(isvisible(c)) {
 273			unban(c);
 274			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 275				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 276		}
 277		else
 278			ban(c);
 279
 280	focus(NULL);
 281	if(lt->arrange)
 282		lt->arrange();
 283	restack();
 284}
 285
 286void
 287attach(Client *c) {
 288	if(clients)
 289		clients->prev = c;
 290	c->next = clients;
 291	clients = c;
 292}
 293
 294void
 295attachstack(Client *c) {
 296	c->snext = stack;
 297	stack = c;
 298}
 299
 300void
 301ban(Client *c) {
 302	if(c->isbanned)
 303		return;
 304	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 305	c->isbanned = True;
 306}
 307
 308void
 309buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 310	unsigned int i, x;
 311	Client *c;
 312	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 313
 314	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 315		x = 0;
 316		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 317			x += textw(tags[i]);
 318			if(ev->x < x) {
 319				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 320					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 321						tag(tags[i]);
 322					else
 323						view(tags[i]);
 324				}
 325				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 326					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 327						toggletag(tags[i]);
 328					else
 329						toggleview(tags[i]);
 330				}
 331				return;
 332			}
 333		}
 334		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 335			togglelayout(NULL);
 336	}
 337	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 338		focus(c);
 339		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 340			return;
 341		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 342			restack();
 343			movemouse(c);
 344		}
 345		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 346			if(lt->arrange && c->isfloating)
 347				togglefloating(NULL);
 348		}
 349		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 350			restack();
 351			resizemouse(c);
 352		}
 353	}
 354}
 355
 356void
 357checkotherwm(void) {
 358	otherwm = False;
 359	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 360
 361	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 362	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 363	XSync(dpy, False);
 364	if(otherwm)
 365		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 366	XSync(dpy, False);
 367	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 368	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 369	XSync(dpy, False);
 370}
 371
 372void
 373cleanup(void) {
 374	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 375	while(stack) {
 376		unban(stack);
 377		unmanage(stack);
 378	}
 379	if(dc.font.set)
 380		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 381	else
 382		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 383	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 384	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 385	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 386	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 387	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 388	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 389	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 390	XSync(dpy, False);
 391	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 392}
 393
 394void
 395configure(Client *c) {
 396	XConfigureEvent ce;
 397
 398	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 399	ce.display = dpy;
 400	ce.event = c->win;
 401	ce.window = c->win;
 402	ce.x = c->x;
 403	ce.y = c->y;
 404	ce.width = c->w;
 405	ce.height = c->h;
 406	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 407	ce.above = None;
 408	ce.override_redirect = False;
 409	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 410}
 411
 412void
 413configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 414	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 415
 416	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 417		sw = ev->width;
 418		sh = ev->height;
 419		updategeom();
 420		updatebar();
 421		arrange();
 422	}
 423}
 424
 425void
 426configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 427	Client *c;
 428	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 429	XWindowChanges wc;
 430
 431	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 432		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 433			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 434		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 435			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 436				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 437			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 438				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 439			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 440				c->w = ev->width;
 441			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 442				c->h = ev->height;
 443			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 444				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 445			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 446				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 447			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 448			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 449				configure(c);
 450			if(isvisible(c))
 451				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 452		}
 453		else
 454			configure(c);
 455	}
 456	else {
 457		wc.x = ev->x;
 458		wc.y = ev->y;
 459		wc.width = ev->width;
 460		wc.height = ev->height;
 461		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 462		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 463		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 464		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 465	}
 466	XSync(dpy, False);
 467}
 468
 469void
 470destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 471	Client *c;
 472	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 473
 474	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 475		unmanage(c);
 476}
 477
 478void
 479detach(Client *c) {
 480	if(c->prev)
 481		c->prev->next = c->next;
 482	if(c->next)
 483		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 484	if(c == clients)
 485		clients = c->next;
 486	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 487}
 488
 489void
 490detachstack(Client *c) {
 491	Client **tc;
 492
 493	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 494	*tc = c->snext;
 495}
 496
 497void
 498drawbar(void) {
 499	int i, x;
 500	Client *c;
 501
 502	dc.x = 0;
 503	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 504	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 505		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 506		if(tagset[seltags][i]) {
 507			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 508			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 509		}
 510		else {
 511			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 512			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 513		}
 514		dc.x += dc.w;
 515	}
 516	if(blw > 0) {
 517		dc.w = blw;
 518		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 519		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 520	}
 521	else
 522		x = dc.x;
 523	dc.w = textw(stext);
 524	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 525	if(dc.x < x) {
 526		dc.x = x;
 527		dc.w = bw - x;
 528	}
 529	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 530	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 531		dc.x = x;
 532		if(c) {
 533			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 534			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 535		}
 536		else
 537			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 538	}
 539	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 540	XSync(dpy, False);
 541}
 542
 543void
 544drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 545	int x;
 546	XGCValues gcv;
 547	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 548
 549	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 550	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 551	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 552	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 553	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 554	if(filled) {
 555		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 556		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 557	}
 558	else if(empty) {
 559		r.width = r.height = x;
 560		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 561	}
 562}
 563
 564void
 565drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 566	int x, y, w, h;
 567	unsigned int len, olen;
 568	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 569	char buf[256];
 570
 571	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 572	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 573	if(!text)
 574		return;
 575	olen = strlen(text);
 576	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 577	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 578	w = 0;
 579	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 580	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 581	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 582	/* shorten text if necessary */
 583	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 584	if(!len)
 585		return;
 586	if(len < olen) {
 587		if(len > 1)
 588			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 589		if(len > 2)
 590			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 591		if(len > 3)
 592			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 593	}
 594	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 595	if(dc.font.set)
 596		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 597	else
 598		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 599}
 600
 601void *
 602emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 603	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 604
 605	if(!res)
 606		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 607	return res;
 608}
 609
 610void
 611enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 612	Client *c;
 613	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 614
 615	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 616		return;
 617	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 618		focus(c);
 619	else
 620		focus(NULL);
 621}
 622
 623void
 624eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 625	va_list ap;
 626
 627	va_start(ap, errstr);
 628	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 629	va_end(ap);
 630	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 631}
 632
 633void
 634expose(XEvent *e) {
 635	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 636
 637	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 638		drawbar();
 639}
 640
 641void
 642focus(Client *c) {
 643	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 644		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 645	if(sel && sel != c) {
 646		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 647		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 648	}
 649	if(c) {
 650		detachstack(c);
 651		attachstack(c);
 652		grabbuttons(c, True);
 653	}
 654	sel = c;
 655	if(c) {
 656		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 657		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 658	}
 659	else
 660		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 661	drawbar();
 662}
 663
 664void
 665focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 666	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 667
 668	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 669		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 670}
 671
 672void
 673focusnext(const char *arg) {
 674	Client *c;
 675
 676	if(!sel)
 677		return;
 678	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 679	if(!c)
 680		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 681	if(c) {
 682		focus(c);
 683		restack();
 684	}
 685}
 686
 687void
 688focusprev(const char *arg) {
 689	Client *c;
 690
 691	if(!sel)
 692		return;
 693	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 694	if(!c) {
 695		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 696		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 697	}
 698	if(c) {
 699		focus(c);
 700		restack();
 701	}
 702}
 703
 704Client *
 705getclient(Window w) {
 706	Client *c;
 707
 708	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 709	return c;
 710}
 711
 712unsigned long
 713getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 714	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 715	XColor color;
 716
 717	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 718		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 719	return color.pixel;
 720}
 721
 722long
 723getstate(Window w) {
 724	int format, status;
 725	long result = -1;
 726	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 727	unsigned long n, extra;
 728	Atom real;
 729
 730	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 731			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 732	if(status != Success)
 733		return -1;
 734	if(n != 0)
 735		result = *p;
 736	XFree(p);
 737	return result;
 738}
 739
 740Bool
 741gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 742	char **list = NULL;
 743	int n;
 744	XTextProperty name;
 745
 746	if(!text || size == 0)
 747		return False;
 748	text[0] = '\0';
 749	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 750	if(!name.nitems)
 751		return False;
 752	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 753		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 754	else {
 755		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 756		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 757			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 758			XFreeStringList(list);
 759		}
 760	}
 761	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 762	XFree(name.value);
 763	return True;
 764}
 765
 766void
 767grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 768	int i, j;
 769	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 770	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 771				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 772
 773	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 774	if(focused)
 775		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 776			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 777				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 778					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 779	else
 780		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 781			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 782}
 783
 784void
 785grabkeys(void) {
 786	unsigned int i, j;
 787	KeyCode code;
 788	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 789
 790	/* init modifier map */
 791	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 792	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 793		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 794			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 795				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 796		}
 797	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 798
 799	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 800	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 801		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 802		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 804		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 805				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 806		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 807				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 808		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 809				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 810	}
 811}
 812
 813unsigned int
 814idxoftag(const char *t) {
 815	unsigned int i;
 816
 817	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 818	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 819}
 820
 821void
 822initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 823	char *def, **missing;
 824	int i, n;
 825
 826	missing = NULL;
 827	if(dc.font.set)
 828		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 829	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 830	if(missing) {
 831		while(n--)
 832			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 833		XFreeStringList(missing);
 834	}
 835	if(dc.font.set) {
 836		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 837		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 838		char **font_names;
 839		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 840		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 841		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 842		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 843			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 844			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 845			xfonts++;
 846		}
 847	}
 848	else {
 849		if(dc.font.xfont)
 850			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 851		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 852		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 853		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 854			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 855		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 856		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 857	}
 858	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 859}
 860
 861Bool
 862isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 863	Client *c;
 864
 865	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 866		if(c->tags[t])
 867			return True;
 868	return False;
 869}
 870
 871Bool
 872isprotodel(Client *c) {
 873	int i, n;
 874	Atom *protocols;
 875	Bool ret = False;
 876
 877	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 878		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 879			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 880				ret = True;
 881		XFree(protocols);
 882	}
 883	return ret;
 884}
 885
 886Bool
 887isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 888	Client *c;
 889
 890	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 891		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 892			return True;
 893	return False;
 894}
 895
 896Bool
 897isvisible(Client *c) {
 898	unsigned int i;
 899
 900	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 901		if(c->tags[i] && tagset[seltags][i])
 902			return True;
 903	return False;
 904}
 905
 906void
 907keypress(XEvent *e) {
 908	unsigned int i;
 909	KeySym keysym;
 910	XKeyEvent *ev;
 911
 912	ev = &e->xkey;
 913	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 914	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 915		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 916		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 917		{
 918			if(keys[i].func)
 919				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 920		}
 921}
 922
 923void
 924killclient(const char *arg) {
 925	XEvent ev;
 926
 927	if(!sel)
 928		return;
 929	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 930		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 931		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 932		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 933		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 934		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 935		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 936		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 937	}
 938	else
 939		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 940}
 941
 942void
 943manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 944	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 945	Status rettrans;
 946	Window trans;
 947	XWindowChanges wc;
 948
 949	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 950	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 951	c->win = w;
 952
 953	/* geometry */
 954	c->x = wa->x;
 955	c->y = wa->y;
 956	c->w = wa->width;
 957	c->h = wa->height;
 958	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 959	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 960		c->x = sx;
 961		c->y = sy;
 962		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 963	}
 964	else {
 965		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 966			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 967		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 968			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 969		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 970		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 971		c->bw = borderpx;
 972	}
 973
 974	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 975	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 976	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 977	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 978	updatesizehints(c);
 979	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 980	grabbuttons(c, False);
 981	updatetitle(c);
 982	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 983		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 984	if(t)
 985		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
 986	else
 987		applyrules(c);
 988	if(!c->isfloating)
 989		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 990	attach(c);
 991	attachstack(c);
 992	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 993	ban(c);
 994	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 995	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 996	arrange();
 997}
 998
 999void
1000mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1001	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1002
1003	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1004	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1005		grabkeys();
1006}
1007
1008void
1009maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1010	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1011	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1012
1013	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1014		return;
1015	if(wa.override_redirect)
1016		return;
1017	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1018		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1019}
1020
1021void
1022movemouse(Client *c) {
1023	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1024	unsigned int dui;
1025	Window dummy;
1026	XEvent ev;
1027
1028	ocx = nx = c->x;
1029	ocy = ny = c->y;
1030	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1031	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1032		return;
1033	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1034	for(;;) {
1035		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1036		switch (ev.type) {
1037		case ButtonRelease:
1038			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1039			return;
1040		case ConfigureRequest:
1041		case Expose:
1042		case MapRequest:
1043			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1044			break;
1045		case MotionNotify:
1046			XSync(dpy, False);
1047			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1048			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1049			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1050			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1051				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1052					nx = wx;
1053				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1054					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1055				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1056					ny = wy;
1057				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1058					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1059				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1060					togglefloating(NULL);
1061			}
1062			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1063				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1064			break;
1065		}
1066	}
1067}
1068
1069Client *
1070nextunfloating(Client *c) {
1071	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1072	return c;
1073}
1074
1075void
1076propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1077	Client *c;
1078	Window trans;
1079	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1080
1081	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1082		return; /* ignore */
1083	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1084		switch (ev->atom) {
1085		default: break;
1086		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1087			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1088			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1089				arrange();
1090			break;
1091		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1092			updatesizehints(c);
1093			break;
1094		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1095			updatewmhints(c);
1096			drawbar();
1097			break;
1098		}
1099		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1100			updatetitle(c);
1101			if(c == sel)
1102				drawbar();
1103		}
1104	}
1105}
1106
1107void
1108quit(const char *arg) {
1109	readin = running = False;
1110}
1111
1112void
1113resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1114	XWindowChanges wc;
1115
1116	if(sizehints) {
1117		/* set minimum possible */
1118		w = MAX(1, w);
1119		h = MAX(1, h);
1120
1121		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1122		w -= c->basew;
1123		h -= c->baseh;
1124
1125		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1126		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1127		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1128			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1129				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1130			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1131				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1132		}
1133
1134		/* adjust for increment value */
1135		if(c->incw)
1136			w -= w % c->incw;
1137		if(c->inch)
1138			h -= h % c->inch;
1139
1140		/* restore base dimensions */
1141		w += c->basew;
1142		h += c->baseh;
1143
1144		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1145		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1146		
1147		if (c->maxw)
1148			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1149
1150		if (c->maxh)
1151			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1152	}
1153	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1154		return;
1155	if(x > sx + sw)
1156		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1157	if(y > sy + sh)
1158		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1159	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1160		x = sx;
1161	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1162		y = sy;
1163	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1164		c->x = wc.x = x;
1165		c->y = wc.y = y;
1166		c->w = wc.width = w;
1167		c->h = wc.height = h;
1168		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1169		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1170				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1171		configure(c);
1172		XSync(dpy, False);
1173	}
1174}
1175
1176void
1177resizemouse(Client *c) {
1178	int ocx, ocy;
1179	int nw, nh;
1180	XEvent ev;
1181
1182	ocx = c->x;
1183	ocy = c->y;
1184	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1185	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1186		return;
1187	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1188	for(;;) {
1189		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1190		switch(ev.type) {
1191		case ButtonRelease:
1192			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1193					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1194			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1195			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1196			return;
1197		case ConfigureRequest:
1198		case Expose:
1199		case MapRequest:
1200			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1201			break;
1202		case MotionNotify:
1203			XSync(dpy, False);
1204			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1205			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1206
1207			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1208			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1209				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1210				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1211					togglefloating(NULL);
1212			}
1213			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1214				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1215			break;
1216		}
1217	}
1218}
1219
1220void
1221restack(void) {
1222	Client *c;
1223	XEvent ev;
1224	XWindowChanges wc;
1225
1226	drawbar();
1227	if(!sel)
1228		return;
1229	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1230		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1231	if(lt->arrange) {
1232		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1233		wc.sibling = barwin;
1234		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1235			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c)) {
1236				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1237				wc.sibling = c->win;
1238			}
1239	}
1240	XSync(dpy, False);
1241	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1242}
1243
1244void
1245run(void) {
1246	char *p;
1247	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1248	fd_set rd;
1249	int r, xfd;
1250	unsigned int len, offset;
1251	XEvent ev;
1252
1253	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1254	XSync(dpy, False);
1255	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1256	readin = True;
1257	offset = 0;
1258	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1259	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1260	while(running) {
1261		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1262		if(readin)
1263			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1264		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1265		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1266			if(errno == EINTR)
1267				continue;
1268			eprint("select failed\n");
1269		}
1270		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1271			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1272			case -1:
1273				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1274				readin = False;
1275				break;
1276			case 0:
1277				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1278				readin = False;
1279				break;
1280			default:
1281				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1282					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1283						*p = '\0';
1284						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1285						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1286						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1287						offset = r;
1288						if(r)
1289							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1290						break;
1291					}
1292				break;
1293			}
1294			drawbar();
1295		}
1296		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1297			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1298			if(handler[ev.type])
1299				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1300		}
1301	}
1302}
1303
1304void
1305scan(void) {
1306	unsigned int i, num;
1307	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1308	XWindowAttributes wa;
1309
1310	wins = NULL;
1311	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1312		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1313			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1314			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1315				continue;
1316			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1317				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1318		}
1319		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1320			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1321				continue;
1322			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1323			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1324				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1325		}
1326	}
1327	if(wins)
1328		XFree(wins);
1329}
1330
1331void
1332setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1333	long data[] = {state, None};
1334
1335	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1336			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1337}
1338
1339void
1340setmfact(const char *arg) {
1341	double d;
1342
1343	if(!arg || lt->arrange != tile)
1344		return;
1345	else {
1346		d = strtod(arg, NULL);
1347		if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+')
1348			d += mfact;
1349		if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1350			return;
1351		mfact = d;
1352	}
1353	updatetilegeom();
1354	arrange();
1355}
1356
1357void
1358setup(void) {
1359	unsigned int i, w;
1360	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1361
1362	/* init screen */
1363	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1364	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1365	initfont(FONT);
1366	sx = 0;
1367	sy = 0;
1368	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1369	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1370	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1371	updategeom();
1372
1373	/* init atoms */
1374	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1375	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1376	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1377	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1378	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1379	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1380
1381	/* init cursors */
1382	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1383	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1384	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1385
1386	/* init appearance */
1387	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1388	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1389	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1390	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1391	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1392	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1393	initfont(FONT);
1394	dc.h = bh;
1395	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1396	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1397	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1398	if(!dc.font.set)
1399		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1400
1401	/* init tags */
1402	tagset[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1403	tagset[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1404	tagset[0][0] = tagset[1][0] = True;
1405
1406	/* init bar */
1407	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1408		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1409		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1410	}
1411
1412	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1413	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1414	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1415
1416	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1417			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1418			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1419	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1420	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1421	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1422	drawbar();
1423
1424	/* EWMH support per view */
1425	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1426			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1427
1428	/* select for events */
1429	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1430			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1431	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1432	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1433
1434
1435	/* grab keys */
1436	grabkeys();
1437}
1438
1439void
1440spawn(const char *arg) {
1441	static char *shell = NULL;
1442
1443	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1444		shell = "/bin/sh";
1445	if(!arg)
1446		return;
1447	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1448	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1449	if(fork() == 0) {
1450		if(fork() == 0) {
1451			if(dpy)
1452				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1453			setsid();
1454			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1455			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1456			perror(" failed");
1457		}
1458		exit(0);
1459	}
1460	wait(0);
1461}
1462
1463void
1464tag(const char *arg) {
1465	unsigned int i;
1466
1467	if(!sel)
1468		return;
1469	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1470		sel->tags[i] = (arg == NULL);
1471	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1472	arrange();
1473}
1474
1475unsigned int
1476textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1477	XRectangle r;
1478
1479	if(dc.font.set) {
1480		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1481		return r.width;
1482	}
1483	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1484}
1485
1486unsigned int
1487textw(const char *text) {
1488	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1489}
1490
1491void
1492tile(void) {
1493	int x, y, h, w;
1494	unsigned int i, n;
1495	Client *c;
1496
1497	for(n = 0, c = nextunfloating(clients); c; c = nextunfloating(c->next), n++);
1498	if(n == 0)
1499		return;
1500
1501	/* master */
1502	c = nextunfloating(clients);
1503
1504	if(n == 1)
1505		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1506	else
1507		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1508
1509	if(--n == 0)
1510		return;
1511
1512	/* tile stack */
1513	x = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : tw;
1514	y = ty;
1515	w = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : tw;
1516	h = th / n;
1517	if(h < bh)
1518		h = th;
1519
1520	for(i = 0, c = nextunfloating(c->next); c; c = nextunfloating(c->next), i++) {
1521		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1522			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1523		else
1524			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1525		if(h != th)
1526			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1527	}
1528}
1529
1530void
1531tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1532	resize(c, x, y, w, h, resizehints);
1533	if(resizehints && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1534		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1535		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1536}
1537
1538void
1539togglebar(const char *arg) {
1540	showbar = !showbar;
1541	updategeom();
1542	updatebar();
1543	arrange();
1544}
1545
1546void
1547togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1548	if(!sel)
1549		return;
1550	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1551	if(sel->isfloating)
1552		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1553	arrange();
1554}
1555
1556void
1557togglelayout(const char *arg) {
1558	unsigned int i;
1559
1560	if(!arg) {
1561		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1562			lt = &layouts[0];
1563	}
1564	else {
1565		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1566			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1567				break;
1568		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1569			return;
1570		lt = &layouts[i];
1571	}
1572	if(sel)
1573		arrange();
1574	else
1575		drawbar();
1576}
1577
1578void
1579toggletag(const char *arg) {
1580	unsigned int i, j;
1581
1582	if(!sel)
1583		return;
1584	i = idxoftag(arg);
1585	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1586	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1587	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1588		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1589	arrange();
1590}
1591
1592void
1593toggleview(const char *arg) {
1594	unsigned int i, j;
1595
1596	i = idxoftag(arg);
1597	tagset[seltags][i] = !tagset[seltags][i];
1598	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !tagset[seltags][j]; j++);
1599	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1600		tagset[seltags][i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1601	arrange();
1602}
1603
1604void
1605unban(Client *c) {
1606	if(!c->isbanned)
1607		return;
1608	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1609	c->isbanned = False;
1610}
1611
1612void
1613unmanage(Client *c) {
1614	XWindowChanges wc;
1615
1616	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1617	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1618	XGrabServer(dpy);
1619	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1620	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1621	detach(c);
1622	detachstack(c);
1623	if(sel == c)
1624		focus(NULL);
1625	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1626	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1627	free(c->tags);
1628	free(c);
1629	XSync(dpy, False);
1630	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1631	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1632	arrange();
1633}
1634
1635void
1636unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1637	Client *c;
1638	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1639
1640	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1641		unmanage(c);
1642}
1643
1644void
1645updatebar(void) {
1646	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1647		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1648	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1649	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1650}
1651
1652void
1653updategeom(void) {
1654	int i;
1655#ifdef XINERAMA
1656	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1657
1658	/* window area geometry */
1659	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1660		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1661		wx = info[0].x_org;
1662		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1663		ww = info[0].width;
1664		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1665		XFree(info);
1666	}
1667	else
1668#endif
1669	{
1670		wx = sx;
1671		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1672		ww = sw;
1673		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1674	}
1675
1676	/* bar geometry*/
1677	bx = wx;
1678	by = showbar ? (topbar ? 0 : wy + wh) : -bh;
1679	bw = ww;
1680
1681	/* update layout geometries */
1682	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1683		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1684			layouts[i].updategeom();
1685}
1686
1687void
1688updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1689	long msize;
1690	XSizeHints size;
1691
1692	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1693		size.flags = PSize;
1694	c->flags = size.flags;
1695	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1696		c->basew = size.base_width;
1697		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1698	}
1699	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1700		c->basew = size.min_width;
1701		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1702	}
1703	else
1704		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1705	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1706		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1707		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1708	}
1709	else
1710		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1711	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1712		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1713		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1714	}
1715	else
1716		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1717	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1718		c->minw = size.min_width;
1719		c->minh = size.min_height;
1720	}
1721	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1722		c->minw = size.base_width;
1723		c->minh = size.base_height;
1724	}
1725	else
1726		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1727	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1728		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1729		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1730		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1731		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1732	}
1733	else
1734		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1735	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1736			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1737}
1738
1739void
1740updatetilegeom(void) {
1741	/* master area geometry */
1742	mx = wx;
1743	my = wy;
1744	mw = mfact * ww;
1745	mh = wh;
1746
1747	/* tile area geometry */
1748	tx = mx + mw;
1749	ty = wy;
1750	tw = ww - mw;
1751	th = wh;
1752}
1753
1754void
1755updatetitle(Client *c) {
1756	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1757		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1758}
1759
1760void
1761updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1762	XWMHints *wmh;
1763
1764	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1765		if(c == sel)
1766			sel->isurgent = False;
1767		else
1768			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1769		XFree(wmh);
1770	}
1771}
1772
1773void
1774view(const char *arg) {
1775	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1776	memset(tagset[seltags], (NULL == arg), TAGSZ);
1777	tagset[seltags][idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1778	arrange();
1779}
1780
1781void
1782viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1783	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1784	arrange();
1785}
1786
1787/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1788 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1789 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1790int
1791xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1792	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1793	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1794	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1795	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1796	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1797	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1798	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1799	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1800	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1801		return 0;
1802	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1803			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1804	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1805}
1806
1807int
1808xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1809	return 0;
1810}
1811
1812/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1813 * is already running. */
1814int
1815xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1816	otherwm = True;
1817	return -1;
1818}
1819
1820void
1821zoom(const char *arg) {
1822	Client *c = sel;
1823
1824	if(c == nextunfloating(clients))
1825		if(!c || !(c = nextunfloating(c->next)))
1826			return;
1827	if(lt->arrange == tile && !sel->isfloating) {
1828		detach(c);
1829		attach(c);
1830		focus(c);
1831	}
1832	arrange();
1833}
1834
1835int
1836main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1837	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1838		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1839	else if(argc != 1)
1840		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1841
1842	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1843	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1844		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1845
1846	checkotherwm();
1847	setup();
1848	scan();
1849	run();
1850	cleanup();
1851
1852	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1853	return 0;
1854}