all repos — dwm @ f27ccc5c60e4518c90f33bb20e68ea7bb23a2947

fork of suckless dynamic window manager

dwm.c (view raw)

   1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[selmon->seltags])
  48#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  50#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Client Client;
  81struct Client {
  82	char name[256];
  83	float mina, maxa;
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  86	int bw, oldbw;
  87	unsigned int tags;
  88	unsigned int mon;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Window win;
  93};
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	int x, y, w, h;
  97	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  98	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  99	Drawable drawable;
 100	GC gc;
 101	struct {
 102		int ascent;
 103		int descent;
 104		int height;
 105		XFontSet set;
 106		XFontStruct *xfont;
 107	} font;
 108} DC; /* draw context */
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	unsigned int mod;
 112	KeySym keysym;
 113	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 114	const Arg arg;
 115} Key;
 116
 117typedef struct {
 118	const char *symbol;
 119	void (*arrange)(void);
 120} Layout;
 121
 122typedef struct {
 123	int wx, wy, ww, wh;
 124	unsigned int seltags;
 125	unsigned int sellt;
 126} Monitor;
 127
 128typedef struct {
 129	const char *class;
 130	const char *instance;
 131	const char *title;
 132	unsigned int tags;
 133	Bool isfloating;
 134} Rule;
 135
 136/* function declarations */
 137static void applyrules(Client *c);
 138static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 139static void arrange(void);
 140static void attach(Client *c);
 141static void attachstack(Client *c);
 142static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 143static void checkotherwm(void);
 144static void cleanup(void);
 145static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 146static void configure(Client *c);
 147static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 148static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 149static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 150static void detach(Client *c);
 151static void detachstack(Client *c);
 152static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 153static void drawbar(void);
 154static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 155static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 156static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 157static void expose(XEvent *e);
 158static void focus(Client *c);
 159static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 160static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 161static Client *getclient(Window w);
 162static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 163static long getstate(Window w);
 164static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 165static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 166static void grabkeys(void);
 167static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 168static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 169static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 170static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 171static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 172static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 173static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 174static void monocle(void);
 175static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 176static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 177static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 178static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 179static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 180static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 181static void restack(void);
 182static void run(void);
 183static void scan(void);
 184static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 185static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 186static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 187static void setup(void);
 188static void showhide(Client *c);
 189static void sigchld(int signal);
 190static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 191static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 192static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 193static void tile(void);
 194static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 195static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 196static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 197static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 198static void unmanage(Client *c);
 199static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 200static void updatebar(void);
 201static void updategeom(void);
 202static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 203static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 204static void updatestatus(void);
 205static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 206static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 207static void view(const Arg *arg);
 208static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 209static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 210static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 211static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 212
 213/* variables */
 214static char stext[256];
 215static int screen;
 216static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 217static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 218static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 219static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 220static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 221	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 222	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 223	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 224	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 225	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 226	[Expose] = expose,
 227	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 228	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 229	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 230	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 231	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 232	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 233};
 234static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 235static Bool otherwm;
 236static Bool running = True;
 237static Client *clients = NULL;
 238static Client *sel = NULL;
 239static Client *stack = NULL;
 240static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 241static Display *dpy;
 242static DC dc;
 243static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 244static Monitor *mon = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 245static unsigned int nmons;
 246static Window root, barwin;
 247/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 248#include "config.h"
 249
 250/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 251struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 252
 253/* function implementations */
 254void
 255applyrules(Client *c) {
 256	unsigned int i;
 257	Rule *r;
 258	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 259
 260	/* rule matching */
 261	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 262	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 263		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 264			r = &rules[i];
 265			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 266			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 267			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 268				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 269				c->tags |= r->tags; 
 270			}
 271		}
 272		if(ch.res_class)
 273			XFree(ch.res_class);
 274		if(ch.res_name)
 275			XFree(ch.res_name);
 276	}
 277	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : tagset[mon[c->mon].seltags];
 278}
 279
 280Bool
 281applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 282	Bool baseismin;
 283
 284	/* set minimum possible */
 285	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 286	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 287
 288	if(*x > sx + sw)
 289		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 290	if(*y > sy + sh)
 291		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 292	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 293		*x = sx;
 294	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 295		*y = sy;
 296	if(*h < bh)
 297		*h = bh;
 298	if(*w < bh)
 299		*w = bh;
 300
 301	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 302		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 303		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 304
 305		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 306			*w -= c->basew;
 307			*h -= c->baseh;
 308		}
 309
 310		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 311		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 312			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 313				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 314			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 315				*h = *w * c->mina;
 316		}
 317
 318		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 319			*w -= c->basew;
 320			*h -= c->baseh;
 321		}
 322
 323		/* adjust for increment value */
 324		if(c->incw)
 325			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 326		if(c->inch)
 327			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 328
 329		/* restore base dimensions */
 330		*w += c->basew;
 331		*h += c->baseh;
 332
 333		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 334		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 335
 336		if(c->maxw)
 337			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 338
 339		if(c->maxh)
 340			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 341	}
 342	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 343}
 344
 345void
 346arrange(void) {
 347	showhide(stack);
 348	focus(NULL);
 349	if(lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
 350		lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange();
 351	restack();
 352}
 353
 354void
 355attach(Client *c) {
 356	c->next = clients;
 357	clients = c;
 358}
 359
 360void
 361attachstack(Client *c) {
 362	c->snext = stack;
 363	stack = c;
 364}
 365
 366void
 367buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 368	unsigned int i, x, click;
 369	Arg arg = {0};
 370	Client *c;
 371	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 372
 373	click = ClkRootWin;
 374	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 375		i = x = 0;
 376		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 377		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 378			click = ClkTagBar;
 379			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 380		}
 381		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 382			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 383		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 384			click = ClkStatusText;
 385		else
 386			click = ClkWinTitle;
 387	}
 388	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 389		focus(c);
 390		click = ClkClientWin;
 391	}
 392
 393	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 394		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 395		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 396			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 397}
 398
 399void
 400checkotherwm(void) {
 401	otherwm = False;
 402	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 403
 404	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 405	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 406	XSync(dpy, False);
 407	if(otherwm)
 408		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 409	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 410	XSync(dpy, False);
 411}
 412
 413void
 414cleanup(void) {
 415	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 416	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 417
 418	view(&a);
 419	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 420	while(stack)
 421		unmanage(stack);
 422	if(dc.font.set)
 423		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 424	else
 425		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 426	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 427	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 428	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 429	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 430	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 431	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 432	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 433	XSync(dpy, False);
 434	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 435}
 436
 437void
 438clearurgent(Client *c) {
 439	XWMHints *wmh;
 440
 441	c->isurgent = False;
 442	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 443		return;
 444	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 445	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 446	XFree(wmh);
 447}
 448
 449void
 450configure(Client *c) {
 451	XConfigureEvent ce;
 452
 453	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 454	ce.display = dpy;
 455	ce.event = c->win;
 456	ce.window = c->win;
 457	ce.x = c->x;
 458	ce.y = c->y;
 459	ce.width = c->w;
 460	ce.height = c->h;
 461	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 462	ce.above = None;
 463	ce.override_redirect = False;
 464	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 465}
 466
 467void
 468configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 469	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 470
 471	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 472		sw = ev->width;
 473		sh = ev->height;
 474		updategeom();
 475		updatebar();
 476		arrange();
 477	}
 478}
 479
 480void
 481configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 482	Client *c;
 483	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 484	XWindowChanges wc;
 485
 486	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 487		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 488			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 489		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 490			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 491				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 492			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 493				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 494			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 495				c->w = ev->width;
 496			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 497				c->h = ev->height;
 498			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 499				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 500			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 501				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 502			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 503				configure(c);
 504			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 505				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 506		}
 507		else
 508			configure(c);
 509	}
 510	else {
 511		wc.x = ev->x;
 512		wc.y = ev->y;
 513		wc.width = ev->width;
 514		wc.height = ev->height;
 515		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 516		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 517		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 518		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 519	}
 520	XSync(dpy, False);
 521}
 522
 523void
 524destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 525	Client *c;
 526	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 527
 528	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 529		unmanage(c);
 530}
 531
 532void
 533detach(Client *c) {
 534	Client **tc;
 535
 536	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 537	*tc = c->next;
 538}
 539
 540void
 541detachstack(Client *c) {
 542	Client **tc;
 543
 544	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 545	*tc = c->snext;
 546}
 547
 548void
 549die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 550	va_list ap;
 551
 552	va_start(ap, errstr);
 553	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 554	va_end(ap);
 555	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 556}
 557
 558void
 559drawbar(void) {
 560	int x;
 561	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 562	unsigned long *col;
 563	Client *c;
 564
 565	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 566		occ |= c->tags;
 567		if(c->isurgent)
 568			urg |= c->tags;
 569	}
 570
 571	dc.x = 0;
 572	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 573		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 574		col = tagset[selmon->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 575		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 576		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 577		dc.x += dc.w;
 578	}
 579	if(blw > 0) {
 580		dc.w = blw;
 581		drawtext(lt[selmon->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 582		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 583	}
 584	else
 585		x = dc.x;
 586	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 587	dc.x = selmon->ww - dc.w;
 588	if(dc.x < x) {
 589		dc.x = x;
 590		dc.w = selmon->ww - x;
 591	}
 592	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 593	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 594		dc.x = x;
 595		if(sel) {
 596			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 597			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 598		}
 599		else
 600			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 601	}
 602	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, selmon->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 603	XSync(dpy, False);
 604}
 605
 606void
 607drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 608	int x;
 609	XGCValues gcv;
 610	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 611
 612	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 613	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 614	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 615	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 616	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 617	if(filled) {
 618		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 619		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 620	}
 621	else if(empty) {
 622		r.width = r.height = x;
 623		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 624	}
 625}
 626
 627void
 628drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 629	char buf[256];
 630	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 631	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 632
 633	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 634	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 635	if(!text)
 636		return;
 637	olen = strlen(text);
 638	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 639	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 640	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 641	/* shorten text if necessary */
 642	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 643	if(!len)
 644		return;
 645	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 646	if(len < olen)
 647		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 648	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 649	if(dc.font.set)
 650		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 651	else
 652		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 653}
 654
 655void
 656enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 657	Client *c;
 658	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 659
 660	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 661		return;
 662	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 663		focus(c);
 664	else
 665		focus(NULL);
 666}
 667
 668void
 669expose(XEvent *e) {
 670	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 671
 672	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 673		drawbar();
 674}
 675
 676void
 677focus(Client *c) {
 678	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 679		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 680	if(sel && sel != c) {
 681		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 682		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 683	}
 684	if(c) {
 685		if(c->isurgent)
 686			clearurgent(c);
 687		detachstack(c);
 688		attachstack(c);
 689		grabbuttons(c, True);
 690		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 691		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 692	}
 693	else
 694		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 695	sel = c;
 696	drawbar();
 697}
 698
 699void
 700focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 701	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 702
 703	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 704		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 705}
 706
 707void
 708focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 709	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 710
 711	if(!sel)
 712		return;
 713	if (arg->i > 0) {
 714		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 715		if(!c)
 716			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 717	}
 718	else {
 719		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 720			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 721				c = i;
 722		if(!c)
 723			for(; i; i = i->next)
 724				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 725					c = i;
 726	}
 727	if(c) {
 728		focus(c);
 729		restack();
 730	}
 731}
 732
 733Client *
 734getclient(Window w) {
 735	Client *c;
 736
 737	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 738	return c;
 739}
 740
 741unsigned long
 742getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 743	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 744	XColor color;
 745
 746	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 747		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 748	return color.pixel;
 749}
 750
 751long
 752getstate(Window w) {
 753	int format, status;
 754	long result = -1;
 755	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 756	unsigned long n, extra;
 757	Atom real;
 758
 759	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 760			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 761	if(status != Success)
 762		return -1;
 763	if(n != 0)
 764		result = *p;
 765	XFree(p);
 766	return result;
 767}
 768
 769Bool
 770gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 771	char **list = NULL;
 772	int n;
 773	XTextProperty name;
 774
 775	if(!text || size == 0)
 776		return False;
 777	text[0] = '\0';
 778	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 779	if(!name.nitems)
 780		return False;
 781	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 782		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 783	else {
 784		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 785		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 786			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 787			XFreeStringList(list);
 788		}
 789	}
 790	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 791	XFree(name.value);
 792	return True;
 793}
 794
 795void
 796grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 797	updatenumlockmask();
 798	{
 799		unsigned int i, j;
 800		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 801		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 802		if(focused) {
 803			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 804				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 805					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 806						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 807						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 808						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810		} else
 811			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 812			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813	}
 814}
 815
 816void
 817grabkeys(void) {
 818	updatenumlockmask();
 819	{ /* grab keys */
 820		unsigned int i, j;
 821		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 822		KeyCode code;
 823
 824		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 825		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 826			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 827				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 828					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 829						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 830		}
 831	}
 832}
 833
 834void
 835initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 836	char *def, **missing;
 837	int i, n;
 838
 839	missing = NULL;
 840	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 841	if(missing) {
 842		while(n--)
 843			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 844		XFreeStringList(missing);
 845	}
 846	if(dc.font.set) {
 847		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 848		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 849		char **font_names;
 850		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 851		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 852		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 853		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 854			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 855			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 856			xfonts++;
 857		}
 858	}
 859	else {
 860		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 861		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 862			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 863		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 864		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 865	}
 866	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 867}
 868
 869Bool
 870isprotodel(Client *c) {
 871	int i, n;
 872	Atom *protocols;
 873	Bool ret = False;
 874
 875	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 876		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 877			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 878				ret = True;
 879		XFree(protocols);
 880	}
 881	return ret;
 882}
 883
 884void
 885keypress(XEvent *e) {
 886	unsigned int i;
 887	KeySym keysym;
 888	XKeyEvent *ev;
 889
 890	ev = &e->xkey;
 891	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 892	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 893		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 894		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 895		   && keys[i].func)
 896			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 897}
 898
 899void
 900killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 901	XEvent ev;
 902
 903	if(!sel)
 904		return;
 905	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 906		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 907		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 908		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 909		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 910		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 911		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 912		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 913	}
 914	else
 915		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 916}
 917
 918void
 919manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 920	static Client cz;
 921	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 922	Window trans = None;
 923	XWindowChanges wc;
 924
 925	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 926		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 927	*c = cz;
 928	c->win = w;
 929	for(c->mon = 0; selmon != &mon[c->mon]; c->mon++);
 930
 931	/* geometry */
 932	c->x = wa->x;
 933	c->y = wa->y;
 934	c->w = wa->width;
 935	c->h = wa->height;
 936	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 937	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 938		c->x = sx;
 939		c->y = sy;
 940		c->bw = 0;
 941	}
 942	else {
 943		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 944			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 945		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 946			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 947		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 948		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 949		/* TODO: is c always attached to selmon? */
 950		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= selmon->wx)
 951		                            && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < selmon->wx + selmon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
 952		c->bw = borderpx;
 953	}
 954
 955	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 956	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 957	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 958	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 959	updatesizehints(c);
 960	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 961	grabbuttons(c, False);
 962	updatetitle(c);
 963	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 964		t = getclient(trans);
 965	if(t)
 966		c->tags = t->tags;
 967	else
 968		applyrules(c);
 969	if(!c->isfloating)
 970		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 971	if(c->isfloating)
 972		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 973	attach(c);
 974	attachstack(c);
 975	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 976	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 977	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 978	arrange();
 979}
 980
 981void
 982mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 983	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 984
 985	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 986	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 987		grabkeys();
 988}
 989
 990void
 991maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 992	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 993	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 994
 995	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 996		return;
 997	if(wa.override_redirect)
 998		return;
 999	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1000		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1001}
1002
1003void
1004monocle(void) {
1005	Client *c;
1006	Monitor *m;
1007
1008	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1009		m = &mon[c->mon];
1010		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1011	}
1012}
1013
1014void
1015movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1016	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1017	unsigned int dui;
1018	Client *c;
1019	Window dummy;
1020	XEvent ev;
1021
1022	if(!(c = sel))
1023		return;
1024	restack();
1025	ocx = c->x;
1026	ocy = c->y;
1027	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1028	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1029		return;
1030	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1031	do {
1032		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1033		switch (ev.type) {
1034		case ConfigureRequest:
1035		case Expose:
1036		case MapRequest:
1037			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1038			break;
1039		case MotionNotify:
1040			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1041			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1042			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1043			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1044				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1045					nx = selmon->wx;
1046				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1047					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1048				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1049					ny = selmon->wy;
1050				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1051					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1052				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1053				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1054					togglefloating(NULL);
1055			}
1056			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1057				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1058			break;
1059		}
1060	}
1061	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1062	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1063}
1064
1065Client *
1066nexttiled(Client *c) {
1067	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1068	return c;
1069}
1070
1071void
1072propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1073	Client *c;
1074	Window trans;
1075	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1076
1077	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1078		updatestatus();
1079	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1080		return; /* ignore */
1081	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1082		switch (ev->atom) {
1083		default: break;
1084		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1085			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1086			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1087				arrange();
1088			break;
1089		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1090			updatesizehints(c);
1091			break;
1092		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1093			updatewmhints(c);
1094			drawbar();
1095			break;
1096		}
1097		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1098			updatetitle(c);
1099			if(c == sel)
1100				drawbar();
1101		}
1102	}
1103}
1104
1105void
1106quit(const Arg *arg) {
1107	running = False;
1108}
1109
1110void
1111resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1112	XWindowChanges wc;
1113
1114	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1115		c->x = wc.x = x;
1116		c->y = wc.y = y;
1117		c->w = wc.width = w;
1118		c->h = wc.height = h;
1119		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1120		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1121				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1122		configure(c);
1123		XSync(dpy, False);
1124	}
1125}
1126
1127void
1128resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1129	int ocx, ocy;
1130	int nw, nh;
1131	Client *c;
1132	XEvent ev;
1133
1134	if(!(c = sel))
1135		return;
1136	restack();
1137	ocx = c->x;
1138	ocy = c->y;
1139	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1140	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1141		return;
1142	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1143	do {
1144		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1145		switch(ev.type) {
1146		case ConfigureRequest:
1147		case Expose:
1148		case MapRequest:
1149			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1150			break;
1151		case MotionNotify:
1152			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1153			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1154
1155			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1156			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1157				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1158				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1159					togglefloating(NULL);
1160			}
1161			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1162				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1163			break;
1164		}
1165	}
1166	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1167	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1168	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1169	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1170}
1171
1172void
1173restack(void) {
1174	Client *c;
1175	XEvent ev;
1176	XWindowChanges wc;
1177
1178	drawbar();
1179	if(!sel)
1180		return;
1181	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1182		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1183	if(lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
1184		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1185		wc.sibling = barwin;
1186		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1187			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1188				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1189				wc.sibling = c->win;
1190			}
1191	}
1192	XSync(dpy, False);
1193	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1194}
1195
1196void
1197run(void) {
1198	XEvent ev;
1199
1200	/* main event loop */
1201	XSync(dpy, False);
1202	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1203		if(handler[ev.type])
1204			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1205	}
1206}
1207
1208void
1209scan(void) {
1210	unsigned int i, num;
1211	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1212	XWindowAttributes wa;
1213
1214	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1215		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1216			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1217			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1218				continue;
1219			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1220				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1221		}
1222		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1223			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1224				continue;
1225			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1226			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1227				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1228		}
1229		if(wins)
1230			XFree(wins);
1231	}
1232}
1233
1234void
1235setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1236	long data[] = {state, None};
1237
1238	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1239			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1240}
1241
1242void
1243setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1244	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1245		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1246	if(arg && arg->v)
1247		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1248	if(sel)
1249		arrange();
1250	else
1251		drawbar();
1252}
1253
1254/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1255void
1256setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1257	float f;
1258
1259	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1260		return;
1261	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1262	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1263		return;
1264	mfact = f;
1265	arrange();
1266}
1267
1268void
1269setup(void) {
1270	unsigned int i;
1271	int w;
1272	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1273
1274	/* init screen */
1275	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1276	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1277	initfont(font);
1278	sx = 0;
1279	sy = 0;
1280	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1281	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1282	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1283	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1284	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1285	updategeom();
1286
1287	/* init atoms */
1288	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1289	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1290	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1291	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1292	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1293
1294	/* init cursors */
1295	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1296	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1297	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1298
1299	/* init appearance */
1300	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1301	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1302	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1303	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1304	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1305	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1306	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1307	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1308	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1309	if(!dc.font.set)
1310		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1311
1312	/* init bar */
1313	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1314		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1315		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1316	}
1317
1318	wa.override_redirect = True;
1319	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1320	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1321
1322	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, selmon->wx, by, selmon->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1323			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1324			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1325	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1326	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1327	updatestatus();
1328
1329	/* EWMH support per view */
1330	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1331			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1332
1333	/* select for events */
1334	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1335			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1336			|PropertyChangeMask;
1337	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1338	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1339
1340	grabkeys();
1341}
1342
1343void
1344showhide(Client *c) {
1345	if(!c)
1346		return;
1347	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1348		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1349		if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1350			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1351		showhide(c->snext);
1352	}
1353	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1354		showhide(c->snext);
1355		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1356	}
1357}
1358
1359
1360void
1361sigchld(int signal) {
1362	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1363}
1364
1365void
1366spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1367	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1368	if(fork() == 0) {
1369		if(dpy)
1370			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1371		setsid();
1372		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1373		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1374		perror(" failed");
1375		exit(0);
1376	}
1377}
1378
1379void
1380tag(const Arg *arg) {
1381	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1382		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1383		arrange();
1384	}
1385}
1386
1387int
1388textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1389	XRectangle r;
1390
1391	if(dc.font.set) {
1392		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1393		return r.width;
1394	}
1395	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1396}
1397
1398void
1399tile(void) {
1400	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1401	unsigned int i, n;
1402	Client *c;
1403	Monitor *m;
1404
1405	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1406	if(n == 0)
1407		return;
1408
1409	/* master */
1410	c = nexttiled(clients);
1411	m = &mon[c->mon];
1412	mw = mfact * m->ww;
1413	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1414
1415	if(--n == 0)
1416		return;
1417
1418	/* tile stack */
1419	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1420	y = m->wy;
1421	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1422	h = m->wh / n;
1423	if(h < bh)
1424		h = m->wh;
1425
1426	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1427		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1428		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1429		if(h != m->wh)
1430			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1431	}
1432}
1433
1434void
1435togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1436	showbar = !showbar;
1437	updategeom();
1438	updatebar();
1439	arrange();
1440}
1441
1442void
1443togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1444	if(!sel)
1445		return;
1446	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1447	if(sel->isfloating)
1448		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h);
1449	arrange();
1450}
1451
1452void
1453toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1454	unsigned int mask;
1455
1456	if (!sel)
1457		return;
1458	
1459	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1460	if(mask) {
1461		sel->tags = mask;
1462		arrange();
1463	}
1464}
1465
1466void
1467toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1468	unsigned int mask = tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1469
1470	if(mask) {
1471		tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1472		arrange();
1473	}
1474}
1475
1476void
1477unmanage(Client *c) {
1478	XWindowChanges wc;
1479
1480	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1481	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1482	XGrabServer(dpy);
1483	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1484	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1485	detach(c);
1486	detachstack(c);
1487	if(sel == c)
1488		focus(NULL);
1489	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1490	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1491	free(c);
1492	XSync(dpy, False);
1493	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1494	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1495	arrange();
1496}
1497
1498void
1499unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1500	Client *c;
1501	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1502
1503	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1504		unmanage(c);
1505}
1506
1507void
1508updatebar(void) {
1509	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1510		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1511	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, selmon->ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1512	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, selmon->wx, by, selmon->ww, bh);
1513}
1514
1515void
1516updategeom(void) {
1517#ifdef XINERAMA
1518	int di, x, y, n;
1519	unsigned int dui, i = 0;
1520	Bool pquery;
1521	Client *c;
1522	Window dummy;
1523	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1524
1525	/* window area geometry */
1526	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1527		nmons = (unsigned int)n;
1528		for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1529			if(c->mon >= nmons)
1530				c->mon = nmons - 1;
1531		if(!(mon = (Monitor *)realloc(mon, sizeof(Monitor) * nmons)))
1532			die("fatal: could not realloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Monitor) * nmons);
1533		pquery = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1534		for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++) {
1535			/* TODO: consider re-using XineramaScreenInfo */
1536			mon[i].wx = info[i].x_org;
1537			mon[i].wy = info[i].y_org;
1538			mon[i].ww = info[i].width;
1539			mon[i].wh = info[i].height;
1540			mon[i].seltags = 0;
1541			mon[i].sellt = 0;
1542			if(pquery && INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1543				selmon = &mon[i];
1544		}
1545		/* bar adjustments of selmon */
1546		selmon->wy = showbar && topbar ?  selmon->wy + bh : selmon->wy;
1547		selmon->wh = showbar ? selmon->wh - bh : selmon->wh;
1548		XFree(info);
1549	}
1550	else
1551#endif
1552	{
1553		nmons = 1;
1554		if(!(mon = (Monitor *)realloc(mon, sizeof(Monitor))))
1555			die("fatal: could not realloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Monitor));
1556		selmon = &mon[0];
1557		mon[0].wx = sx;
1558		mon[0].wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1559		mon[0].ww = sw;
1560		mon[0].wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1561		mon[0].seltags = 0;
1562		mon[0].sellt = 0;
1563	}
1564
1565	/* bar position */
1566	by = showbar ? (topbar ? selmon->wy - bh : selmon->wy + selmon->wh) : -bh;
1567}
1568
1569void
1570updatenumlockmask(void) {
1571	unsigned int i, j;
1572	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1573
1574	numlockmask = 0;
1575	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1576	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1577		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1578			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1579			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1580				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1581	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1582}
1583
1584void
1585updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1586	long msize;
1587	XSizeHints size;
1588
1589	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1590		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1591		size.flags = PSize; 
1592	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1593		c->basew = size.base_width;
1594		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1595	}
1596	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1597		c->basew = size.min_width;
1598		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1599	}
1600	else
1601		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1602	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1603		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1604		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1605	}
1606	else
1607		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1608	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1609		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1610		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1611	}
1612	else
1613		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1614	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1615		c->minw = size.min_width;
1616		c->minh = size.min_height;
1617	}
1618	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1619		c->minw = size.base_width;
1620		c->minh = size.base_height;
1621	}
1622	else
1623		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1624	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1625		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1626		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1627	}
1628	else
1629		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1630	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1631	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1632}
1633
1634void
1635updatetitle(Client *c) {
1636	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1637		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1638}
1639
1640void
1641updatestatus() {
1642	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1643		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1644	drawbar();
1645}
1646
1647void
1648updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1649	XWMHints *wmh;
1650
1651	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1652		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1653			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1654			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1655		}
1656		else
1657			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1658
1659		XFree(wmh);
1660	}
1661}
1662
1663void
1664view(const Arg *arg) {
1665	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[selmon->seltags])
1666		return;
1667	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1668	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1669		tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1670	arrange();
1671}
1672
1673/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1674 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1675 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1676int
1677xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1678	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1679	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1680	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1681	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1682	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1683	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1684	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1685	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1686	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1687		return 0;
1688	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1689			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1690	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1691}
1692
1693int
1694xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1695	return 0;
1696}
1697
1698/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1699 * is already running. */
1700int
1701xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1702	otherwm = True;
1703	return -1;
1704}
1705
1706void
1707zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1708	Client *c = sel;
1709
1710	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1711		return;
1712	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1713		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1714			return;
1715	detach(c);
1716	attach(c);
1717	focus(c);
1718	arrange();
1719}
1720
1721int
1722main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1723	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1724		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1725	else if(argc != 1)
1726		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1727
1728	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1729		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1730
1731	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1732		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1733
1734	checkotherwm();
1735	setup();
1736	scan();
1737	run();
1738	cleanup();
1739
1740	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1741	return 0;
1742}