1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  48#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  49#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  50#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Monitor *mon;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123struct Monitor {
 124	int screen_number;
 125	float mfact;
 126	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 127	int mx, my, mw, mh;           /* screen size */
 128	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 129	unsigned int seltags;
 130	unsigned int sellt;
 131	unsigned int tagset[2];
 132	Bool showbar;
 133	Bool topbar;
 134	Client *clients;
 135	Client *sel;
 136	Client *stack;
 137	Monitor *next;
 138	Window barwin;
 139};
 140
 141typedef struct {
 142	const char *class;
 143	const char *instance;
 144	const char *title;
 145	unsigned int tags;
 146	Bool isfloating;
 147} Rule;
 148
 149/* function declarations */
 150static void applyrules(Client *c);
 151static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 152static void arrange(void);
 153static void attach(Client *c);
 154static void attachstack(Client *c);
 155static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 156static void checkotherwm(void);
 157static void cleanup(void);
 158static void cleanupmons(void);
 159static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 160static void configure(Client *c);
 161static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 162static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 163static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 164static void detach(Client *c);
 165static void detachstack(Client *c);
 166static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 167static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 168static void drawbars(void);
 169static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 170static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 171static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void expose(XEvent *e);
 173static void focus(Client *c);
 174static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 175static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 176static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 177static Bool getrootpointer(int *x, int *y);
 178static long getstate(Window w);
 179static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 180static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 181static void grabkeys(void);
 182static Monitor *idxtomon(unsigned int n);
 183static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 184static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 185static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 186static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 187static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 188static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 189static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 190static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 191static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 192static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 193static Monitor *pointertomon(int x, int y);
 194static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 195static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 196static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 197static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 198static void restack(Monitor *m);
 199static void run(void);
 200static void scan(void);
 201static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
 202static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 203static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 204static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 205static void setup(void);
 206static void showhide(Client *c);
 207static void sigchld(int signal);
 208static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 209static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 210static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 211static void tile(Monitor *);
 212static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 213static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 214static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 215static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 216static void unfocus(Client *c);
 217static void unmanage(Client *c);
 218static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 219static void updategeom(void);
 220static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 221static void updatebars(void);
 222static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 223static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 224static void updatestatus(void);
 225static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 226static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 227static void view(const Arg *arg);
 228static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
 229static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
 230static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 231static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 232static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 233static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 234#ifdef XINERAMA
 235static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 236static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 237#endif /* XINERAMA */
 238
 239/* variables */
 240static char stext[256];
 241static int screen;
 242static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 243static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 244static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 245static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 246static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 247	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 248	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 249	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 250	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 251	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 252	[Expose] = expose,
 253	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 254	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 255	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 256	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 257	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 258	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 259};
 260static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 261static Bool otherwm;
 262static Bool running = True;
 263static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 264static Display *dpy;
 265static DC dc;
 266static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 267static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 268static Window root;
 269/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 270#include "config.h"
 271
 272/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 273struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 274
 275/* function implementations */
 276void
 277applyrules(Client *c) {
 278	unsigned int i;
 279	Rule *r;
 280	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 281
 282	/* rule matching */
 283	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 284	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 285		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 286			r = &rules[i];
 287			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 288			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 289			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 290				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 291				c->tags |= r->tags;
 292			}
 293		}
 294		if(ch.res_class)
 295			XFree(ch.res_class);
 296		if(ch.res_name)
 297			XFree(ch.res_name);
 298	}
 299	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 300}
 301
 302Bool
 303applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 304	Bool baseismin;
 305
 306	/* set minimum possible */
 307	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 308	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 309
 310	if(*x > sx + sw)
 311		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 312	if(*y > sy + sh)
 313		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 314	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 315		*x = sx;
 316	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 317		*y = sy;
 318	if(*h < bh)
 319		*h = bh;
 320	if(*w < bh)
 321		*w = bh;
 322
 323	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 324		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 325		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 326
 327		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 328			*w -= c->basew;
 329			*h -= c->baseh;
 330		}
 331
 332		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 333		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 334			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 335				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 336			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 337				*h = *w * c->mina;
 338		}
 339
 340		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 341			*w -= c->basew;
 342			*h -= c->baseh;
 343		}
 344
 345		/* adjust for increment value */
 346		if(c->incw)
 347			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 348		if(c->inch)
 349			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 350
 351		/* restore base dimensions */
 352		*w += c->basew;
 353		*h += c->baseh;
 354
 355		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 356		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 357
 358		if(c->maxw)
 359			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 360
 361		if(c->maxh)
 362			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 363	}
 364	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 365}
 366
 367void
 368arrange(void) {
 369	Monitor *m;
 370
 371	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 372	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 373		showhide(m->stack);
 374	focus(NULL);
 375	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 376		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 377			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 378		restack(m);
 379	}
 380}
 381
 382void
 383attach(Client *c) {
 384	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 385	c->mon->clients = c;
 386}
 387
 388void
 389attachstack(Client *c) {
 390	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 391	c->mon->stack = c;
 392}
 393
 394void
 395buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 396	unsigned int i, x, click;
 397	Arg arg = {0};
 398	Client *c;
 399	Monitor *m;
 400	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 401
 402	click = ClkRootWin;
 403	/* focus monitor if necessary */
 404	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 405		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 406		selmon = m;
 407		focus(NULL);
 408	}
 409	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 410		i = 0;
 411		x = selmon->btx;
 412		do
 413			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 414		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 415		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 416			click = ClkTagBar;
 417			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 418		}
 419		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 420			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 421		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 422			click = ClkStatusText;
 423		else
 424			click = ClkWinTitle;
 425	}
 426	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 427		focus(c);
 428		click = ClkClientWin;
 429	}
 430
 431	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 432		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 433		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 434			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 435}
 436
 437void
 438checkotherwm(void) {
 439	otherwm = False;
 440	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 441
 442	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 443	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 444	XSync(dpy, False);
 445	if(otherwm)
 446		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 447	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 448	XSync(dpy, False);
 449}
 450
 451void
 452cleanup(void) {
 453	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 454	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 455	Monitor *m;
 456
 457	view(&a);
 458	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 459	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 460		while(m->stack)
 461			unmanage(m->stack);
 462	if(dc.font.set)
 463		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 464	else
 465		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 466	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 467	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 468	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 469	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 470	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 471	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 472	cleanupmons();
 473	XSync(dpy, False);
 474	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 475}
 476
 477void
 478cleanupmons(void) {
 479	Monitor *m;
 480
 481	while(mons) {
 482		m = mons->next;
 483		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 484		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 485		free(mons);
 486		mons = m;
 487	}
 488}
 489
 490void
 491clearurgent(Client *c) {
 492	XWMHints *wmh;
 493
 494	c->isurgent = False;
 495	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 496		return;
 497	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 498	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 499	XFree(wmh);
 500}
 501
 502void
 503configure(Client *c) {
 504	XConfigureEvent ce;
 505
 506	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 507	ce.display = dpy;
 508	ce.event = c->win;
 509	ce.window = c->win;
 510	ce.x = c->x;
 511	ce.y = c->y;
 512	ce.width = c->w;
 513	ce.height = c->h;
 514	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 515	ce.above = None;
 516	ce.override_redirect = False;
 517	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 518}
 519
 520void
 521configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 522	Monitor *m;
 523	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 524
 525	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 526		sw = ev->width;
 527		sh = ev->height;
 528		updategeom();
 529		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 530			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 531		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 532		updatebars();
 533		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 534			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 535		arrange();
 536	}
 537}
 538
 539void
 540configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 541	Client *c;
 542	Monitor *m;
 543	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 544	XWindowChanges wc;
 545
 546	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 547		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 548			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 549		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 550			m = c->mon;
 551			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 552				c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
 553			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 554				c->y = m->my + ev->y;
 555			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 556				c->w = ev->width;
 557			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 558				c->h = ev->height;
 559			if((c->x - m->mx + c->w) > m->mw && c->isfloating)
 560				c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 561			if((c->y - m->my + c->h) > m->mh && c->isfloating)
 562				c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 563			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 564				configure(c);
 565			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 566				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 567		}
 568		else
 569			configure(c);
 570	}
 571	else {
 572		wc.x = ev->x;
 573		wc.y = ev->y;
 574		wc.width = ev->width;
 575		wc.height = ev->height;
 576		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 577		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 578		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 579		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 580	}
 581	XSync(dpy, False);
 582}
 583
 584void
 585destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 586	Client *c;
 587	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 588
 589	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 590		unmanage(c);
 591}
 592
 593void
 594detach(Client *c) {
 595	Client **tc;
 596
 597	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 598	*tc = c->next;
 599}
 600
 601void
 602detachstack(Client *c) {
 603	Client **tc, *t;
 604
 605	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 606	*tc = c->snext;
 607
 608	if(c == c->mon->sel) {
 609		for(t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
 610		c->mon->sel = t;
 611	}
 612}
 613
 614void
 615die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 616	va_list ap;
 617
 618	va_start(ap, errstr);
 619	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 620	va_end(ap);
 621	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 622}
 623
 624void
 625drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 626	int x;
 627	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 628	unsigned long *col;
 629	Client *c;
 630
 631	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 632		occ |= c->tags;
 633		if(c->isurgent)
 634			urg |= c->tags;
 635	}
 636
 637	dc.x = 0;
 638#ifdef XINERAMA
 639	if(mons->next) { /* more than a single monitor */
 640		char buf[2];
 641		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 642		buf[1] = '\0';
 643		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 644		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 645		dc.x += dc.w;
 646	}
 647#endif /* XINERAMA */
 648	m->btx = dc.x;
 649	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 650		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 651		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 652		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 653		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 654		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 655		dc.x += dc.w;
 656	}
 657	if(blw > 0) {
 658		dc.w = blw;
 659		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 660		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 661	}
 662	else
 663		x = dc.x;
 664	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 665		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 666		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 667		if(dc.x < x) {
 668			dc.x = x;
 669			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 670		}
 671		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 672	}
 673	else {
 674		dc.x = m->ww;
 675	}
 676	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 677		dc.x = x;
 678		if(m->sel) {
 679			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 680			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 681			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 682		}
 683		else
 684			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 685	}
 686	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 687	XSync(dpy, False);
 688}
 689
 690void
 691drawbars(void) {
 692	Monitor *m;
 693
 694	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 695		drawbar(m);
 696}
 697
 698void
 699drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 700	int x;
 701	XGCValues gcv;
 702	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 703
 704	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 705	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 706	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 707	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 708	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 709	if(filled) {
 710		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 711		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 712	}
 713	else if(empty) {
 714		r.width = r.height = x;
 715		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 716	}
 717}
 718
 719void
 720drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 721	char buf[256];
 722	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 723	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 724
 725	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 726	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 727	if(!text)
 728		return;
 729	olen = strlen(text);
 730	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 731	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 732	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 733	/* shorten text if necessary */
 734	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 735	if(!len)
 736		return;
 737	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 738	if(len < olen)
 739		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 740	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 741	if(dc.font.set)
 742		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 743	else
 744		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 745}
 746
 747void
 748enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 749	Client *c;
 750	Monitor *m;
 751	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 752
 753	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 754		return;
 755	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 756		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 757		selmon = m;
 758	}
 759	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 760		focus(c);
 761	else
 762		focus(NULL);
 763}
 764
 765void
 766expose(XEvent *e) {
 767	Monitor *m;
 768	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 769
 770	if(ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window)))
 771		drawbar(m);
 772}
 773
 774void
 775focus(Client *c) {
 776	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 777		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 778	if(selmon->sel)
 779		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 780	if(c) {
 781		if(c->mon != selmon)
 782			selmon = c->mon;
 783		if(c->isurgent)
 784			clearurgent(c);
 785		detachstack(c);
 786		attachstack(c);
 787		grabbuttons(c, True);
 788		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 789		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 790	}
 791	else
 792		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 793	selmon->sel = c;
 794	drawbars();
 795}
 796
 797void
 798focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 799	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 800
 801	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 802		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 803}
 804
 805#ifdef XINERAMA
 806void
 807focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 808	Monitor *m;
 809
 810	if(!(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)) || m == selmon)
 811		return;
 812	unfocus(selmon->sel);
 813	selmon = m;
 814	focus(NULL);
 815}
 816#endif /* XINERAMA */
 817
 818void
 819focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 820	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 821
 822	if(!selmon->sel)
 823		return;
 824	if(arg->i > 0) {
 825		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 826		if(!c)
 827			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 828	}
 829	else {
 830		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 831			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 832				c = i;
 833		if(!c)
 834			for(; i; i = i->next)
 835				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 836					c = i;
 837	}
 838	if(c) {
 839		focus(c);
 840		restack(selmon);
 841	}
 842}
 843
 844unsigned long
 845getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 846	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 847	XColor color;
 848
 849	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 850		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 851	return color.pixel;
 852}
 853
 854Bool
 855getrootpointer(int *x, int *y) {
 856	int di;
 857	unsigned int dui;
 858	Window dummy;
 859	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
 860}
 861
 862long
 863getstate(Window w) {
 864	int format, status;
 865	long result = -1;
 866	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 867	unsigned long n, extra;
 868	Atom real;
 869
 870	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 871			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 872	if(status != Success)
 873		return -1;
 874	if(n != 0)
 875		result = *p;
 876	XFree(p);
 877	return result;
 878}
 879
 880Bool
 881gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 882	char **list = NULL;
 883	int n;
 884	XTextProperty name;
 885
 886	if(!text || size == 0)
 887		return False;
 888	text[0] = '\0';
 889	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 890	if(!name.nitems)
 891		return False;
 892	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 893		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 894	else {
 895		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 896		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 897			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 898			XFreeStringList(list);
 899		}
 900	}
 901	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 902	XFree(name.value);
 903	return True;
 904}
 905
 906void
 907grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 908	updatenumlockmask();
 909	{
 910		unsigned int i, j;
 911		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 912		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 913		if(focused) {
 914			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 915				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 916					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 917						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 918						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 919						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 920						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 921		} else
 922			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 923			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 924	}
 925}
 926
 927void
 928grabkeys(void) {
 929	updatenumlockmask();
 930	{ /* grab keys */
 931		unsigned int i, j;
 932		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 933		KeyCode code;
 934
 935		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 936		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 937			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 938				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 939					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 940						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 941		}
 942	}
 943}
 944
 945Monitor *
 946idxtomon(unsigned int n) {
 947	unsigned int i;
 948	Monitor *m;
 949
 950	for(m = mons, i = 0; m && i != n; m = m->next, i++);
 951	return m;
 952}
 953
 954void
 955initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 956	char *def, **missing;
 957	int i, n;
 958
 959	missing = NULL;
 960	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 961	if(missing) {
 962		while(n--)
 963			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 964		XFreeStringList(missing);
 965	}
 966	if(dc.font.set) {
 967		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 968		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 969		char **font_names;
 970		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 971		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 972		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 973		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 974			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 975			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 976			xfonts++;
 977		}
 978	}
 979	else {
 980		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 981		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 982			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 983		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 984		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 985	}
 986	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 987}
 988
 989Bool
 990isprotodel(Client *c) {
 991	int i, n;
 992	Atom *protocols;
 993	Bool ret = False;
 994
 995	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 996		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 997			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 998				ret = True;
 999		XFree(protocols);
1000	}
1001	return ret;
1002}
1003
1004void
1005keypress(XEvent *e) {
1006	unsigned int i;
1007	KeySym keysym;
1008	XKeyEvent *ev;
1009
1010	ev = &e->xkey;
1011	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1012	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1013		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1014		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1015		   && keys[i].func)
1016			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1017}
1018
1019void
1020killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1021	XEvent ev;
1022
1023	if(!selmon->sel)
1024		return;
1025	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1026		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1027		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1028		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1029		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1030		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1031		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1032		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1033	}
1034	else
1035		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1036}
1037
1038void
1039manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1040	static Client cz;
1041	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1042	Window trans = None;
1043	XWindowChanges wc;
1044
1045	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1046		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1047	*c = cz;
1048	c->win = w;
1049
1050	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1051		t = wintoclient(trans);
1052	if(t) {
1053		c->mon = t->mon;
1054		c->tags = t->tags;
1055	}
1056	else {
1057		c->mon = selmon;
1058		applyrules(c);
1059	}
1060
1061	/* geometry */
1062	c->x = wa->x + c->mon->wx;
1063	c->y = wa->y + c->mon->wy;
1064	c->w = wa->width;
1065	c->h = wa->height;
1066	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1067	if(c->w == c->mon->mw && c->h == c->mon->mh) {
1068		c->x = c->mon->mx;
1069		c->y = c->mon->my;
1070		c->bw = 0;
1071	}
1072	else {
1073		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw)
1074			c->x = c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c);
1075		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->my + c->mon->mh)
1076			c->y = c->mon->my + c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c);
1077		c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
1078		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1079		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1080		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : c->mon->my);
1081		c->bw = borderpx;
1082	}
1083
1084	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1085	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1086	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1087	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1088	updatesizehints(c);
1089	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1090	grabbuttons(c, False);
1091	updatetitle(c);
1092	if(!c->isfloating)
1093		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1094	if(c->isfloating)
1095		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1096	attach(c);
1097	attachstack(c);
1098	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1099	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1100	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1101	arrange();
1102}
1103
1104void
1105mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1106	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1107
1108	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1109	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1110		grabkeys();
1111}
1112
1113void
1114maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1115	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1116	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1117
1118	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1119		return;
1120	if(wa.override_redirect)
1121		return;
1122	if(!wintoclient(ev->window))
1123		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1124}
1125
1126void
1127monocle(Monitor *m) {
1128	Client *c;
1129
1130	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1131		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1132}
1133
1134void
1135movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1136	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
1137	Client *c;
1138	Monitor *m;
1139	XEvent ev;
1140
1141	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1142		return;
1143	restack(selmon);
1144	ocx = c->x;
1145	ocy = c->y;
1146	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1147	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1148		return;
1149	if(!getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1150		return;
1151	do {
1152		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1153		switch (ev.type) {
1154		case ConfigureRequest:
1155		case Expose:
1156		case MapRequest:
1157			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1158			break;
1159		case MotionNotify:
1160			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1161			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1162			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1163			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1164				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1165					nx = selmon->wx;
1166				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1167					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1168				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1169					ny = selmon->wy;
1170				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1171					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1172				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1173				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1174					togglefloating(NULL);
1175			}
1176			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1177				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1178			break;
1179		}
1180	}
1181	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1182	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1183	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1184		sendmon(c, m);
1185		selmon = m;
1186		focus(NULL);
1187	}
1188}
1189
1190Client *
1191nexttiled(Client *c) {
1192	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1193	return c;
1194}
1195
1196Monitor *
1197pointertomon(int x, int y) {
1198	Monitor *m;
1199
1200	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1201		if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh))
1202			return m;
1203	return mons;
1204}
1205
1206void
1207propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1208	Client *c;
1209	Window trans;
1210	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1211
1212	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1213		updatestatus();
1214	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1215		return; /* ignore */
1216	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
1217		switch (ev->atom) {
1218		default: break;
1219		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1220			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1221			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans) != NULL)))
1222				arrange();
1223			break;
1224		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1225			updatesizehints(c);
1226			break;
1227		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1228			updatewmhints(c);
1229			drawbars();
1230			break;
1231		}
1232		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1233			updatetitle(c);
1234			if(c == selmon->sel)
1235				drawbars();
1236		}
1237	}
1238}
1239
1240void
1241quit(const Arg *arg) {
1242	running = False;
1243}
1244
1245void
1246resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1247	XWindowChanges wc;
1248
1249	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1250		c->x = wc.x = x;
1251		c->y = wc.y = y;
1252		c->w = wc.width = w;
1253		c->h = wc.height = h;
1254		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1255		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1256		configure(c);
1257		XSync(dpy, False);
1258	}
1259}
1260
1261void
1262resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1263	int ocx, ocy;
1264	int nw, nh;
1265	Client *c;
1266	Monitor *m;
1267	XEvent ev;
1268
1269	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1270		return;
1271	restack(selmon);
1272	ocx = c->x;
1273	ocy = c->y;
1274	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1275	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1276		return;
1277	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1278	do {
1279		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1280		switch(ev.type) {
1281		case ConfigureRequest:
1282		case Expose:
1283		case MapRequest:
1284			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1285			break;
1286		case MotionNotify:
1287			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1288			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1289
1290			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1291			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1292				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1293				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1294					togglefloating(NULL);
1295			}
1296			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1297				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1298			break;
1299		}
1300	}
1301	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1302	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1303	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1304	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1305	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1306		sendmon(c, m);
1307		selmon = m;
1308		focus(NULL);
1309	}
1310}
1311
1312void
1313restack(Monitor *m) {
1314	Client *c;
1315	XEvent ev;
1316	XWindowChanges wc;
1317
1318	drawbars();
1319	if(!m->sel)
1320		return;
1321	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1322		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1323	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1324		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1325		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1326		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1327			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1328				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1329				wc.sibling = c->win;
1330			}
1331	}
1332	XSync(dpy, False);
1333	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1334}
1335
1336void
1337run(void) {
1338	XEvent ev;
1339
1340	/* main event loop */
1341	XSync(dpy, False);
1342	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1343		if(handler[ev.type])
1344			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1345	}
1346}
1347
1348void
1349scan(void) {
1350	unsigned int i, num;
1351	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1352	XWindowAttributes wa;
1353
1354	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1355		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1356			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1357			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1358				continue;
1359			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1360				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1361		}
1362		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1363			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1364				continue;
1365			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1366			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1367				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1368		}
1369		if(wins)
1370			XFree(wins);
1371	}
1372}
1373
1374void
1375sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
1376	if(c->mon == m)
1377		return;
1378	detach(c);
1379	detachstack(c);
1380	c->mon = m;
1381	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1382	attach(c);
1383	attachstack(c);
1384	focus(NULL);
1385	arrange();
1386}
1387
1388void
1389setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1390	long data[] = {state, None};
1391
1392	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1393			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1394}
1395
1396void
1397setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1398	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1399		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1400	if(arg && arg->v)
1401		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1402	if(selmon->sel)
1403		arrange();
1404	else
1405		drawbars();
1406}
1407
1408/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1409void
1410setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1411	float f;
1412
1413	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1414		return;
1415	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1416	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1417		return;
1418	selmon->mfact = f;
1419	arrange();
1420}
1421
1422void
1423setup(void) {
1424	unsigned int i;
1425	int w;
1426	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1427
1428	/* init screen */
1429	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1430	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1431	initfont(font);
1432	sx = 0;
1433	sy = 0;
1434	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1435	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1436	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1437	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1438	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1439	updategeom();
1440
1441	/* init atoms */
1442	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1443	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1444	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1445	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1446	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1447
1448	/* init cursors */
1449	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1450	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1451	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1452
1453	/* init appearance */
1454	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1455	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1456	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1457	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1458	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1459	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1460	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1461	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1462	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1463	if(!dc.font.set)
1464		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1465
1466	/* init bars */
1467	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1468		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1469		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1470	}
1471	updatebars();
1472	updatestatus();
1473
1474	/* EWMH support per view */
1475	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1476			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1477
1478	/* select for events */
1479	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1480	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1481			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1482			|PropertyChangeMask;
1483	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1484	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1485
1486	grabkeys();
1487}
1488
1489void
1490showhide(Client *c) {
1491	if(!c)
1492		return;
1493	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1494		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1495		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1496			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1497		showhide(c->snext);
1498	}
1499	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1500		showhide(c->snext);
1501		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1502	}
1503}
1504
1505
1506void
1507sigchld(int signal) {
1508	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1509}
1510
1511void
1512spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1513	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1514	if(fork() == 0) {
1515		if(dpy)
1516			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1517		setsid();
1518		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1519		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1520		perror(" failed");
1521		exit(0);
1522	}
1523}
1524
1525void
1526tag(const Arg *arg) {
1527	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1528		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1529		arrange();
1530	}
1531}
1532
1533#ifdef XINERAMA
1534void
1535tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1536	Monitor *m;
1537
1538	if(!selmon->sel || !(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)))
1539		return;
1540	sendmon(selmon->sel, m);
1541}
1542#endif /* XINERAMA */
1543
1544int
1545textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1546	XRectangle r;
1547
1548	if(dc.font.set) {
1549		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1550		return r.width;
1551	}
1552	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1553}
1554
1555void
1556tile(Monitor *m) {
1557	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1558	unsigned int i, n;
1559	Client *c;
1560
1561	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1562	if(n == 0)
1563		return;
1564
1565	/* master */
1566	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1567	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1568	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1569
1570	if(--n == 0)
1571		return;
1572
1573	/* tile stack */
1574	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1575	y = m->wy;
1576	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1577	h = m->wh / n;
1578	if(h < bh)
1579		h = m->wh;
1580
1581	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1582		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1583		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1584		if(h != m->wh)
1585			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1586	}
1587}
1588
1589void
1590togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1591	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1592	updatebarpos(selmon);
1593	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1594	arrange();
1595}
1596
1597void
1598togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1599	if(!selmon->sel)
1600		return;
1601	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1602	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1603		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1604	arrange();
1605}
1606
1607void
1608toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1609	unsigned int mask;
1610
1611	if(!selmon->sel)
1612		return;
1613	
1614	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1615	if(mask) {
1616		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1617		arrange();
1618	}
1619}
1620
1621void
1622toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1623	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1624
1625	if(mask) {
1626		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1627		arrange();
1628	}
1629}
1630
1631void
1632unfocus(Client *c) {
1633	if(!c)
1634		return;
1635	grabbuttons(c, False);
1636	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1637	XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1638}
1639
1640void
1641unmanage(Client *c) {
1642	XWindowChanges wc;
1643
1644	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1645	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1646	XGrabServer(dpy);
1647	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1648	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1649	detach(c);
1650	detachstack(c);
1651	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1652	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1653	free(c);
1654	XSync(dpy, False);
1655	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1656	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1657	focus(NULL);
1658	arrange();
1659}
1660
1661void
1662unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1663	Client *c;
1664	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1665
1666	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
1667		unmanage(c);
1668}
1669
1670void
1671updatebars(void) {
1672	Monitor *m;
1673	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1674
1675	wa.override_redirect = True;
1676	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1677	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1678
1679	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1680		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1681
1682		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1683		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1684		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1685		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1686	}
1687}
1688
1689void
1690updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1691	m->wy = m->my;
1692	m->wh = m->mh;
1693	if(m->showbar) {
1694		m->wh -= bh;
1695		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1696		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1697	}
1698	else
1699		m->by = -bh;
1700}
1701
1702void
1703updategeom(void) {
1704	int i, n = 1;
1705	Client *c;
1706	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1707
1708#ifdef XINERAMA
1709	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1710
1711	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1712		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1713#endif /* XINERAMA */
1714	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1715	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1716		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1717		m->next = newmons;
1718		newmons = m;
1719	}
1720
1721	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1722#ifdef XINERAMA
1723	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1724		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1725			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1726			m->mx = m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1727			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1728			m->mw = m->ww = info[i].width;
1729			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1730		}
1731		XFree(info);
1732	}
1733	else
1734#endif /* XINERAMA */
1735	/* default monitor setup */
1736	{
1737		m->screen_number = 0;
1738		m->wx = sx;
1739		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1740		m->ww = sw;
1741		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1742	}
1743
1744	/* bar geometry setup */
1745	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1746		m->sel = m->stack = m->clients = NULL;
1747		m->seltags = 0;
1748		m->sellt = 0;
1749		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1750		m->mfact = mfact;
1751		m->showbar = SHOWBAR;
1752		m->topbar = TOPBAR;
1753		updatebarpos(m);
1754	}
1755
1756	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1757	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1758		while(tm->clients) {
1759			c = tm->clients;
1760			tm->clients = c->next;
1761			detachstack(c);
1762			c->mon = newmons;
1763			attach(c);
1764			attachstack(c);
1765		}
1766
1767	/* select focused monitor */
1768	cleanupmons();
1769	mons = newmons;
1770	selmon = wintomon(root);
1771}
1772
1773void
1774updatenumlockmask(void) {
1775	unsigned int i, j;
1776	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1777
1778	numlockmask = 0;
1779	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1780	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1781		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1782			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1783			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1784				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1785	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1786}
1787
1788void
1789updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1790	long msize;
1791	XSizeHints size;
1792
1793	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1794		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1795		size.flags = PSize;
1796	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1797		c->basew = size.base_width;
1798		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1799	}
1800	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1801		c->basew = size.min_width;
1802		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1803	}
1804	else
1805		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1806	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1807		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1808		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1809	}
1810	else
1811		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1812	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1813		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1814		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1815	}
1816	else
1817		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1818	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1819		c->minw = size.min_width;
1820		c->minh = size.min_height;
1821	}
1822	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1823		c->minw = size.base_width;
1824		c->minh = size.base_height;
1825	}
1826	else
1827		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1828	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1829		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1830		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1831	}
1832	else
1833		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1834	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1835	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1836}
1837
1838void
1839updatetitle(Client *c) {
1840	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1841		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1842}
1843
1844void
1845updatestatus(void) {
1846	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1847		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1848	drawbar(selmon);
1849}
1850
1851void
1852updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1853	XWMHints *wmh;
1854
1855	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1856		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1857			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1858			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1859		}
1860		else
1861			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1862
1863		XFree(wmh);
1864	}
1865}
1866
1867void
1868view(const Arg *arg) {
1869	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1870		return;
1871	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1872	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1873		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1874	arrange();
1875}
1876
1877Client *
1878wintoclient(Window w) {
1879	Client *c;
1880	Monitor *m;
1881
1882	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1883		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
1884			if(c->win == w)
1885				return c;
1886	return NULL;
1887}
1888
1889Monitor *
1890wintomon(Window w) {
1891	int x, y;
1892	Client *c;
1893	Monitor *m;
1894
1895	if(w == root && getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1896		return pointertomon(x, y);
1897	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1898		if(w == m->barwin)
1899			return m;
1900	if((c = wintoclient(w)))
1901		return c->mon;
1902	return mons;
1903}
1904
1905/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1906 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1907 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1908int
1909xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1910	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1911	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1912	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1913	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1914	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1915	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1916	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1917	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1918	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1919		return 0;
1920	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1921			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1922	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1923}
1924
1925int
1926xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1927	return 0;
1928}
1929
1930/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1931 * is already running. */
1932int
1933xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1934	otherwm = True;
1935	return -1;
1936}
1937
1938void
1939zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1940	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1941
1942	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1943		return;
1944	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1945		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1946			return;
1947	detach(c);
1948	attach(c);
1949	focus(c);
1950	arrange();
1951}
1952
1953int
1954main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1955	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1956		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1957	else if(argc != 1)
1958		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1959
1960	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1961		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1962
1963	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1964		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1965
1966	checkotherwm();
1967	setup();
1968	scan();
1969	run();
1970	cleanup();
1971
1972	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1973	return 0;
1974}