1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <regex.h>
  37#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  38#include <X11/keysym.h>
  39#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  40#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  41#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  42#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  43//#ifdef XINERAMA
  44#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  45//#endif
  46
  47/* macros */
  48#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  49#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  50#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  51#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  52#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53
  54
  55/* enums */
  56enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
  57enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  58enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  59enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  60enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  61
  62/* typedefs */
  63typedef struct View View;
  64typedef struct Client Client;
  65struct Client {
  66	char name[256];
  67	int x, y, w, h;
  68	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  69	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  70	long flags;
  71	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  72	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  73	Bool *tags;
  74	View *view;
  75	Client *next;
  76	Client *prev;
  77	Client *snext;
  78	Window win;
  79};
  80
  81typedef struct {
  82	int x, y, w, h;
  83	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  84	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  85	Drawable drawable;
  86	GC gc;
  87	struct {
  88		int ascent;
  89		int descent;
  90		int height;
  91		XFontSet set;
  92		XFontStruct *xfont;
  93	} font;
  94} DC; /* draw context */
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	unsigned long mod;
  98	KeySym keysym;
  99	void (*func)(const char *arg);
 100	const char *arg;
 101} Key;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *symbol;
 105	void (*arrange)(View *);
 106} Layout;
 107
 108typedef struct {
 109	const char *prop;
 110	const char *tag;
 111	Bool isfloating;
 112} Rule;
 113
 114struct View {
 115	unsigned int id;
 116	int x, y, w, h, wax, way, wah, waw;
 117	double mwfact;
 118	Layout *layout;
 119	Window barwin;
 120};
 121
 122/* function declarations */
 123void addtag(Client *c, const char *t);
 124void applyrules(Client *c);
 125void arrange(void);
 126void attach(Client *c);
 127void attachstack(Client *c);
 128void ban(Client *c);
 129void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 130void checkotherwm(void);
 131void cleanup(void);
 132void configure(Client *c);
 133void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 134void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 135void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 136void detach(Client *c);
 137void detachstack(Client *c);
 138void drawbar(View *v);
 139void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 140void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 141void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 142void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 143void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 144void expose(XEvent *e);
 145void floating(View *v); /* default floating layout */
 146void focus(Client *c);
 147void focusin(XEvent *e);
 148void focusnext(const char *arg);
 149void focusprev(const char *arg);
 150Client *getclient(Window w);
 151unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 152View *getviewbar(Window barwin);
 153long getstate(Window w);
 154Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 155void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 156void grabkeys(void);
 157unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 158void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 159Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 160Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 161Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 162Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 163void keypress(XEvent *e);
 164void killclient(const char *arg);
 165void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 166void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 167void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 168View *viewat(void);
 169void movemouse(Client *c);
 170Client *nexttiled(Client *c, View *v);
 171void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 172void quit(const char *arg);
 173void reapply(const char *arg);
 174void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 175void resizemouse(Client *c);
 176void restack(View *v);
 177void run(void);
 178void scan(void);
 179void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 180void setlayout(const char *arg);
 181void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 182void setup(void);
 183void spawn(const char *arg);
 184void tag(const char *arg);
 185unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 186unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 187void tile(View *v);
 188void togglebar(const char *arg);
 189void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 190void toggletag(const char *arg);
 191void toggleview(const char *arg);
 192void unban(Client *c);
 193void unmanage(Client *c);
 194void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 195void updatebarpos(View *v);
 196void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 197void updatetitle(Client *c);
 198void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 199void view(const char *arg);
 200void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 201int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 202int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204void zoom(const char *arg);
 205void selectview(const char *arg);
 206
 207/* variables */
 208char stext[256], buf[256];
 209int nviews = 1;
 210int screen;
 211int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 212unsigned int bh, bpos;
 213unsigned int blw = 0;
 214unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 215void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 216	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 217	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 218	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 219	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 220	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 221	[Expose] = expose,
 222	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 223	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 224	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 225	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 226	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 227	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 228};
 229Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 230Bool isxinerama = False;
 231Bool domwfact = True;
 232Bool dozoom = True;
 233Bool otherwm, readin;
 234Bool running = True;
 235Bool *prevtags;
 236Bool *seltags;
 237Client *clients = NULL;
 238Client *sel = NULL;
 239Client *stack = NULL;
 240Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 241Display *dpy;
 242DC dc = {0};
 243View *views;
 244View *selview;
 245Window root;
 246
 247/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 248#include "config.h"
 249
 250/* function implementations */
 251void
 252addtag(Client *c, const char *t) {
 253	unsigned int i, tidx = idxoftag(t);
 254
 255	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 256		if(c->tags[i] && vtags[i] != vtags[tidx])
 257			return; /* conflict */
 258	c->tags[tidx] = True;
 259	c->view = &views[vtags[tidx]];
 260}
 261
 262void
 263applyrules(Client *c) {
 264	unsigned int i;
 265	Bool matched = False;
 266	Rule *r;
 267	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 268
 269	/* rule matching */
 270	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 271	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 272		r = &rules[i];
 273		if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 274		|| (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 275		|| (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 276		{
 277			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 278			if(r->tag) {
 279				addtag(c, r->tag);
 280				matched = True;
 281			}
 282		}
 283	}
 284	if(ch.res_class)
 285		XFree(ch.res_class);
 286	if(ch.res_name)
 287		XFree(ch.res_name);
 288	if(!matched) {
 289		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof initags);
 290		c->view = selview;
 291	}
 292}
 293
 294void
 295arrange(void) {
 296	unsigned int i;
 297	Client *c;
 298
 299	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 300		if(isvisible(c))
 301			unban(c);
 302		else
 303			ban(c);
 304
 305	for(i = 0; i < nviews; i++) {
 306		views[i].layout->arrange(&views[i]);
 307		restack(&views[i]);
 308	}
 309	focus(NULL);
 310}
 311
 312void
 313attach(Client *c) {
 314	if(clients)
 315		clients->prev = c;
 316	c->next = clients;
 317	clients = c;
 318}
 319
 320void
 321attachstack(Client *c) {
 322	c->snext = stack;
 323	stack = c;
 324}
 325
 326void
 327ban(Client *c) {
 328	if(c->isbanned)
 329		return;
 330	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 3 * c->view->w, c->y);
 331	c->isbanned = True;
 332}
 333
 334void
 335buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 336	unsigned int i, x;
 337	Client *c;
 338	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 339
 340	if(ev->window == selview->barwin) {
 341		x = 0;
 342		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 343			if(&views[vtags[i]] != selview)
 344				continue;
 345			x += textw(tags[i]);
 346			if(ev->x < x) {
 347				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 348					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 349						tag(tags[i]);
 350					else
 351						view(tags[i]);
 352				}
 353				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 354					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 355						toggletag(tags[i]);
 356					else
 357						toggleview(tags[i]);
 358				}
 359				return;
 360			}
 361		}
 362		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 363			setlayout(NULL);
 364	}
 365	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 366		focus(c);
 367		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 368			return;
 369		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 370			restack(c->view);
 371			movemouse(c);
 372		}
 373		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 374			if((floating != c->view->layout->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 375				togglefloating(NULL);
 376			else
 377				zoom(NULL);
 378		}
 379		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 380			restack(c->view);
 381			resizemouse(c);
 382		}
 383	}
 384}
 385
 386void
 387checkotherwm(void) {
 388	otherwm = False;
 389	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 390
 391	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 392	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 393	XSync(dpy, False);
 394	if(otherwm)
 395		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 396	XSync(dpy, False);
 397	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 398	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 399	XSync(dpy, False);
 400}
 401
 402void
 403cleanup(void) {
 404	unsigned int i;
 405	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 406	while(stack) {
 407		unban(stack);
 408		unmanage(stack);
 409	}
 410	if(dc.font.set)
 411		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 412	else
 413		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 414
 415	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 416	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 417	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 418	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 419	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 420	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 421	for(i = 0; i < nviews; i++)
 422		XDestroyWindow(dpy, views[i].barwin);
 423	XSync(dpy, False);
 424	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 425}
 426
 427void
 428configure(Client *c) {
 429	XConfigureEvent ce;
 430
 431	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 432	ce.display = dpy;
 433	ce.event = c->win;
 434	ce.window = c->win;
 435	ce.x = c->x;
 436	ce.y = c->y;
 437	ce.width = c->w;
 438	ce.height = c->h;
 439	ce.border_width = c->border;
 440	ce.above = None;
 441	ce.override_redirect = False;
 442	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 443}
 444
 445void
 446configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 447	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 448	View *v = selview;
 449
 450	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != v->w || ev->height != v->h)) {
 451		/* TODO -- update Xinerama dimensions here */
 452		v->w = ev->width;
 453		v->h = ev->height;
 454		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 455		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(root, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 456		XResizeWindow(dpy, v->barwin, v->w, bh);
 457		updatebarpos(selview);
 458		arrange();
 459	}
 460}
 461
 462void
 463configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 464	Client *c;
 465	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 466	XWindowChanges wc;
 467
 468	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 469		View *v = c->view;
 470		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 471			c->border = ev->border_width;
 472		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || (floating == v->layout->arrange)) {
 473			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 474				c->x = v->x + ev->x;
 475			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 476				c->y = v->y + ev->y;
 477			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 478				c->w = ev->width;
 479			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 480				c->h = ev->height;
 481			if((c->x - v->x + c->w) > v->w && c->isfloating)
 482				c->x = v->x + (v->w / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 483			if((c->y - v->y + c->h) > v->h && c->isfloating)
 484				c->y = v->y + (v->h / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 485			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 486			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 487				configure(c);
 488			if(isvisible(c))
 489				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 490		}
 491		else
 492			configure(c);
 493	}
 494	else {
 495		wc.x = ev->x;
 496		wc.y = ev->y;
 497		wc.width = ev->width;
 498		wc.height = ev->height;
 499		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 500		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 501		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 502		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 503	}
 504	XSync(dpy, False);
 505}
 506
 507void
 508destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 509	Client *c;
 510	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 511
 512	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 513		unmanage(c);
 514}
 515
 516void
 517detach(Client *c) {
 518	if(c->prev)
 519		c->prev->next = c->next;
 520	if(c->next)
 521		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 522	if(c == clients)
 523		clients = c->next;
 524	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 525}
 526
 527void
 528detachstack(Client *c) {
 529	Client **tc;
 530
 531	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 532	*tc = c->snext;
 533}
 534
 535void
 536drawbar(View *v) {
 537	int i, x;
 538	Client *c;
 539
 540	dc.x = 0;
 541	for(c = stack; c && (!isvisible(c) || c->view != v); c = c->snext);
 542	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 543		if(&views[vtags[i]] != v)
 544			continue;
 545		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 546		if(seltags[i]) {
 547			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 548			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 549		}
 550		else {
 551			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 552			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 553		}
 554		dc.x += dc.w;
 555	}
 556	dc.w = blw;
 557	drawtext(v->layout->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 558	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 559	if(v == selview) {
 560		dc.w = textw(stext);
 561		dc.x = v->w - dc.w;
 562		if(dc.x < x) {
 563			dc.x = x;
 564			dc.w = v->w - x;
 565		}
 566		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 567	}
 568	else
 569		dc.x = v->w;
 570	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 571		dc.x = x;
 572		if(c) {
 573			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 574			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 575		}
 576		else
 577			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 578	}
 579	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, v->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, v->w, bh, 0, 0);
 580	XSync(dpy, False);
 581}
 582
 583void
 584drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 585	int x;
 586	XGCValues gcv;
 587	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 588
 589	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 590	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 591	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 592	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 593	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 594	if(filled) {
 595		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 596		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 597	}
 598	else if(empty) {
 599		r.width = r.height = x;
 600		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 601	}
 602}
 603
 604void
 605drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 606	int x, y, w, h;
 607	unsigned int len, olen;
 608	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 609
 610	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 611	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 612	if(!text)
 613		return;
 614	w = 0;
 615	olen = len = strlen(text);
 616	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 617		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 618	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 619	buf[len] = 0;
 620	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 621	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 622	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 623	/* shorten text if necessary */
 624	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 625		buf[--len] = 0;
 626	if(len < olen) {
 627		if(len > 1)
 628			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 629		if(len > 2)
 630			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 631		if(len > 3)
 632			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 633	}
 634	if(w > dc.w)
 635		return; /* too long */
 636	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 637	if(dc.font.set)
 638		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 639	else
 640		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 641}
 642
 643void *
 644emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 645	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 646
 647	if(!res)
 648		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 649	return res;
 650}
 651
 652void
 653enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 654	Client *c;
 655	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 656
 657	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) {
 658		if(!isxinerama || ev->window != root)
 659			return;
 660	}
 661	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 662		focus(c);
 663	else
 664		focus(NULL);
 665}
 666
 667void
 668eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 669	va_list ap;
 670
 671	va_start(ap, errstr);
 672	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 673	va_end(ap);
 674	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 675}
 676
 677void
 678expose(XEvent *e) {
 679	View *v;
 680	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 681
 682	if(ev->count == 0 && ((v = getviewbar(ev->window))))
 683		drawbar(v);
 684}
 685
 686void
 687floating(View *v) { /* default floating layout */
 688	Client *c;
 689
 690	domwfact = dozoom = False;
 691	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 692		if(isvisible(c))
 693			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 694}
 695
 696void
 697focus(Client *c) {
 698	View *v = selview;
 699	if(c)
 700		selview = c->view;
 701	else
 702		selview = viewat();
 703	if(selview != v)
 704		drawbar(v);
 705	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 706		for(c = stack; c && (!isvisible(c) || c->view != selview); c = c->snext);
 707	if(sel && sel != c) {
 708		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 709		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 710	}
 711	if(c) {
 712		detachstack(c);
 713		attachstack(c);
 714		grabbuttons(c, True);
 715	}
 716	sel = c;
 717	if(c) {
 718		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 719		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 720		selview = c->view;
 721	}
 722	else
 723		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 724	drawbar(selview);
 725}
 726
 727void
 728focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 729	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 730
 731	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 732		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 733}
 734
 735void
 736focusnext(const char *arg) {
 737	Client *c;
 738
 739	if(!sel)
 740		return;
 741	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 742	if(!c)
 743		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 744	if(c) {
 745		focus(c);
 746		restack(c->view);
 747	}
 748}
 749
 750void
 751focusprev(const char *arg) {
 752	Client *c;
 753
 754	if(!sel)
 755		return;
 756	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 757	if(!c) {
 758		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 759		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 760	}
 761	if(c) {
 762		focus(c);
 763		restack(c->view);
 764	}
 765}
 766
 767Client *
 768getclient(Window w) {
 769	Client *c;
 770
 771	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 772	return c;
 773}
 774
 775unsigned long
 776getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 777	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 778	XColor color;
 779
 780	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 781		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 782	return color.pixel;
 783}
 784
 785View *
 786getviewbar(Window barwin) {
 787	unsigned int i;
 788
 789	for(i = 0; i < nviews; i++)
 790		if(views[i].barwin == barwin)
 791			return &views[i];
 792	return NULL;
 793}
 794
 795long
 796getstate(Window w) {
 797	int format, status;
 798	long result = -1;
 799	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 800	unsigned long n, extra;
 801	Atom real;
 802
 803	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 804			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 805	if(status != Success)
 806		return -1;
 807	if(n != 0)
 808		result = *p;
 809	XFree(p);
 810	return result;
 811}
 812
 813Bool
 814gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 815	char **list = NULL;
 816	int n;
 817	XTextProperty name;
 818
 819	if(!text || size == 0)
 820		return False;
 821	text[0] = '\0';
 822	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 823	if(!name.nitems)
 824		return False;
 825	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 826		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 827	else {
 828		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 829		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 830			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 831			XFreeStringList(list);
 832		}
 833	}
 834	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 835	XFree(name.value);
 836	return True;
 837}
 838
 839void
 840grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 841	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 842
 843	if(focused) {
 844		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 845				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 846		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 847				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 848		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 849				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 850		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 851				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 852
 853		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 854				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 855		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 856				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 857		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 858				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 859		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 860				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 861
 862		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 863				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 864		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 865				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 866		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 867				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 868		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 869				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 870	}
 871	else
 872		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 873				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 874}
 875
 876void
 877grabkeys(void)  {
 878	unsigned int i, j;
 879	KeyCode code;
 880	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 881
 882	/* init modifier map */
 883	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 884	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 885		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 886			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 887				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 888		}
 889	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 890
 891	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 892	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 893		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 894		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 895				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 896		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 897				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 898		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 899				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 900		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 901				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 902	}
 903}
 904
 905unsigned int
 906idxoftag(const char *t) {
 907	unsigned int i;
 908
 909	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 910	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 911}
 912
 913void
 914initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 915	char *def, **missing;
 916	int i, n;
 917
 918	missing = NULL;
 919	if(dc.font.set)
 920		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 921	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 922	if(missing) {
 923		while(n--)
 924			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 925		XFreeStringList(missing);
 926	}
 927	if(dc.font.set) {
 928		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 929		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 930		char **font_names;
 931		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 932		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 933		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 934		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 935			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 936				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 937			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 938				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 939			xfonts++;
 940		}
 941	}
 942	else {
 943		if(dc.font.xfont)
 944			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 945		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 946		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 947		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 948			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 949		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 950		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 951	}
 952	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 953}
 954
 955Bool
 956isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 957	Client *c;
 958
 959	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 960		if(c->tags[t])
 961			return True;
 962	return False;
 963}
 964
 965Bool
 966isprotodel(Client *c) {
 967	int i, n;
 968	Atom *protocols;
 969	Bool ret = False;
 970
 971	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 972		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 973			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 974				ret = True;
 975		XFree(protocols);
 976	}
 977	return ret;
 978}
 979
 980Bool
 981isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 982	Client *c;
 983
 984	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 985		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 986			return True;
 987	return False;
 988}
 989
 990Bool
 991isvisible(Client *c) {
 992	unsigned int i;
 993
 994	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 995		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 996			return True;
 997	return False;
 998}
 999
1000void
1001keypress(XEvent *e) {
1002	unsigned int i;
1003	KeySym keysym;
1004	XKeyEvent *ev;
1005
1006	ev = &e->xkey;
1007	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1008	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1009		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1010		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
1011		{
1012			if(keys[i].func)
1013				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
1014		}
1015}
1016
1017void
1018killclient(const char *arg) {
1019	XEvent ev;
1020
1021	if(!sel)
1022		return;
1023	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
1024		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1025		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
1026		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1027		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1028		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1029		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1030		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1031	}
1032	else
1033		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
1034}
1035
1036void
1037manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1038	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1039	View *v;
1040	Status rettrans;
1041	Window trans;
1042	XWindowChanges wc;
1043
1044	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1045	c->tags = emallocz(sizeof initags);
1046	c->win = w;
1047
1048	applyrules(c);
1049
1050	v = c->view;
1051
1052	c->x = wa->x + v->x;
1053	c->y = wa->y + v->y;
1054	c->w = wa->width;
1055	c->h = wa->height;
1056	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1057
1058	if(c->w == v->w && c->h == v->h) {
1059		c->x = v->x;
1060		c->y = v->y;
1061		c->border = wa->border_width;
1062	}
1063	else {
1064		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > v->wax + v->waw)
1065			c->x = v->wax + v->waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1066		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > v->way + v->wah)
1067			c->y = v->way + v->wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1068		if(c->x < v->wax)
1069			c->x = v->wax;
1070		if(c->y < v->way)
1071			c->y = v->way;
1072		c->border = BORDERPX;
1073	}
1074	wc.border_width = c->border;
1075	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1076	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1077	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1078	updatesizehints(c);
1079	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1080	grabbuttons(c, False);
1081	updatetitle(c);
1082	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1083		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1084	if(t)
1085		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof initags);
1086	if(!c->isfloating)
1087		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1088	attach(c);
1089	attachstack(c);
1090	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1091	ban(c);
1092	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1093	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1094	arrange();
1095}
1096
1097void
1098mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1099	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1100
1101	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1102	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1103		grabkeys();
1104}
1105
1106void
1107maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1108	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1109	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1110
1111	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1112		return;
1113	if(wa.override_redirect)
1114		return;
1115	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1116		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1117}
1118
1119void
1120movemouse(Client *c) {
1121	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1122	unsigned int dui;
1123	View *v;
1124	Window dummy;
1125	XEvent ev;
1126
1127	ocx = nx = c->x;
1128	ocy = ny = c->y;
1129	v = c->view;
1130	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1131			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1132		return;
1133	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1134	for(;;) {
1135		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1136		switch (ev.type) {
1137		case ButtonRelease:
1138			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1139			return;
1140		case ConfigureRequest:
1141		case Expose:
1142		case MapRequest:
1143			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1144			break;
1145		case MotionNotify:
1146			XSync(dpy, False);
1147			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1148			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1149			if(abs(v->wax - nx) < SNAP)
1150				nx = v->wax;
1151			else if(abs((v->wax + v->waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1152				nx = v->wax + v->waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1153			if(abs(v->way - ny) < SNAP)
1154				ny = v->way;
1155			else if(abs((v->way + v->wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1156				ny = v->way + v->wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1157			if(!c->isfloating && (v->layout->arrange != floating) && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1158				togglefloating(NULL);
1159			if((v->layout->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1160				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1161			break;
1162		}
1163	}
1164}
1165
1166Client *
1167nexttiled(Client *c, View *v) {
1168	for(; c && (c->isfloating || c->view != v || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1169	return c;
1170}
1171
1172void
1173propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1174	Client *c;
1175	Window trans;
1176	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1177
1178	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1179		return; /* ignore */
1180	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1181		switch (ev->atom) {
1182		default: break;
1183		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1184			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1185			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1186				arrange();
1187			break;
1188		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1189			updatesizehints(c);
1190			break;
1191		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1192			updatewmhints(c);
1193			drawbar(c->view);
1194			break;
1195		}
1196		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1197			updatetitle(c);
1198			if(c == sel)
1199				drawbar(selview);
1200		}
1201	}
1202}
1203
1204void
1205quit(const char *arg) {
1206	readin = running = False;
1207}
1208
1209void
1210reapply(const char *arg) {
1211	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1212	Client *c;
1213
1214	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1215		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1216		applyrules(c);
1217	}
1218	arrange();
1219}
1220
1221void
1222resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1223	View *v;
1224	XWindowChanges wc;
1225
1226	v = c->view;
1227	if(sizehints) {
1228		/* set minimum possible */
1229		if (w < 1)
1230			w = 1;
1231		if (h < 1)
1232			h = 1;
1233
1234		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1235		w -= c->basew;
1236		h -= c->baseh;
1237
1238		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1239		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1240			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1241				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1242			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1243				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1244		}
1245
1246		/* adjust for increment value */
1247		if(c->incw)
1248			w -= w % c->incw;
1249		if(c->inch)
1250			h -= h % c->inch;
1251
1252		/* restore base dimensions */
1253		w += c->basew;
1254		h += c->baseh;
1255
1256		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1257			w = c->minw;
1258		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1259			h = c->minh;
1260		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1261			w = c->maxw;
1262		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1263			h = c->maxh;
1264	}
1265	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1266		return;
1267	if(x > v->x + v->w)
1268		x = v->w - w - 2 * c->border;
1269	if(y > v->y + v->h)
1270		y = v->h - h - 2 * c->border;
1271	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < v->x)
1272		x = v->x;
1273	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < v->y)
1274		y = v->y;
1275	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1276		c->x = wc.x = x;
1277		c->y = wc.y = y;
1278		c->w = wc.width = w;
1279		c->h = wc.height = h;
1280		wc.border_width = c->border;
1281		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1282				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1283		configure(c);
1284		XSync(dpy, False);
1285	}
1286}
1287
1288void
1289resizemouse(Client *c) {
1290	int ocx, ocy;
1291	int nw, nh;
1292	View *v;
1293	XEvent ev;
1294
1295	ocx = c->x;
1296	ocy = c->y;
1297	v = c->view;
1298	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1299			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1300		return;
1301	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1302	for(;;) {
1303		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1304		switch(ev.type) {
1305		case ButtonRelease:
1306			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1307					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1308			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1309			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1310			return;
1311		case ConfigureRequest:
1312		case Expose:
1313		case MapRequest:
1314			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1315			break;
1316		case MotionNotify:
1317			XSync(dpy, False);
1318			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1319				nw = 1;
1320			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1321				nh = 1;
1322			if(!c->isfloating && (v->layout->arrange != floating) && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1323				togglefloating(NULL);
1324			if((v->layout->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1325				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1326			break;
1327		}
1328	}
1329}
1330
1331void
1332restack(View *v) {
1333	Client *c;
1334	XEvent ev;
1335	XWindowChanges wc;
1336
1337	drawbar(v);
1338	if(!sel)
1339		return;
1340	if(sel->isfloating || (v->layout->arrange == floating))
1341		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1342	if(v->layout->arrange != floating) {
1343		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1344		wc.sibling = v->barwin;
1345		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1346			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1347			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1348		}
1349		for(c = nexttiled(clients, v); c; c = nexttiled(c->next, v)) {
1350			if(c == sel)
1351				continue;
1352			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1353			wc.sibling = c->win;
1354		}
1355	}
1356	XSync(dpy, False);
1357	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1358}
1359
1360void
1361run(void) {
1362	char *p;
1363	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1364	fd_set rd;
1365	int r, xfd;
1366	unsigned int len, offset;
1367	XEvent ev;
1368
1369	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1370	XSync(dpy, False);
1371	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1372	readin = True;
1373	offset = 0;
1374	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1375	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1376	while(running) {
1377		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1378		if(readin)
1379			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1380		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1381		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1382			if(errno == EINTR)
1383				continue;
1384			eprint("select failed\n");
1385		}
1386		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1387			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1388			case -1:
1389				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1390				readin = False;
1391				break;
1392			case 0:
1393				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1394				readin = False;
1395				break;
1396			default:
1397				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1398					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1399						*p = '\0';
1400						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1401						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1402						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1403						offset = r;
1404						if(r)
1405							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1406						break;
1407					}
1408				break;
1409			}
1410			drawbar(selview);
1411		}
1412		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1413			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1414			if(handler[ev.type])
1415				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1416		}
1417	}
1418}
1419
1420void
1421scan(void) {
1422	unsigned int i, num;
1423	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1424	XWindowAttributes wa;
1425
1426	wins = NULL;
1427	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1428		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1429			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1430					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1431				continue;
1432			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1433				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1434		}
1435		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1436			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1437				continue;
1438			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1439					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1440				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1441		}
1442	}
1443	if(wins)
1444		XFree(wins);
1445}
1446
1447void
1448setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1449	long data[] = {state, None};
1450
1451	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1452			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1453}
1454
1455void
1456setlayout(const char *arg) {
1457	unsigned int i;
1458	View *v = selview;
1459
1460	if(!arg) {
1461		v->layout++;
1462		if(v->layout == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1463			v->layout = &layouts[0];
1464	}
1465	else {
1466		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1467			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1468				break;
1469		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1470			return;
1471		v->layout = &layouts[i];
1472	}
1473	if(sel)
1474		arrange();
1475	else
1476		drawbar(selview);
1477}
1478
1479void
1480setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1481	double delta;
1482	View *v = selview;
1483
1484	if(!domwfact)
1485		return;
1486	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1487	if(arg == NULL)
1488		v->mwfact = MWFACT;
1489	else if(sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta) == 1) {
1490		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1491			v->mwfact += delta;
1492		else
1493			v->mwfact = delta;
1494		if(v->mwfact < 0.1)
1495			v->mwfact = 0.1;
1496		else if(v->mwfact > 0.9)
1497			v->mwfact = 0.9;
1498	}
1499	arrange();
1500}
1501
1502void
1503setup(void) {
1504	unsigned int i;
1505	View *v;
1506	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1507	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1508
1509	/* init atoms */
1510	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1511	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1512	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1513	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1514	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1515	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1516
1517	/* init cursors */
1518	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1519	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1520	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1521
1522	if((isxinerama = XineramaIsActive(dpy)))
1523		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &nviews);
1524#if defined(AIM_XINERAMA)
1525isxinerama = True;
1526nviews = 2; /* aim Xinerama */
1527#endif
1528	views = emallocz(nviews * sizeof(View));
1529
1530	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1531	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1532
1533	/* init appearance */
1534	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1535	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1536	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1537	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1538	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1539	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1540	initfont(FONT);
1541	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1542	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1543	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1544	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1545	if(!dc.font.set)
1546		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1547
1548	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1549		i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1550		if(i > blw)
1551			blw = i;
1552	}
1553
1554	seltags = emallocz(sizeof initags);
1555	prevtags = emallocz(sizeof initags);
1556	memcpy(seltags, initags, sizeof initags);
1557	memcpy(prevtags, initags, sizeof initags);
1558
1559	for(i = 0; i < nviews; i++) {
1560		/* init geometry */
1561		v = &views[i];
1562
1563		if(nviews != 1 && isxinerama) {
1564
1565#if defined(AIM_XINERAMA)
1566v->w = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen) / 2;
1567v->x = (i == 0) ? 0 : v->w;
1568v->y = 0;
1569v->h = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1570#else
1571			v->x = info[i].x_org;
1572			v->y = info[i].y_org;
1573			v->w = info[i].width;
1574			v->h = info[i].height;
1575#endif
1576		}
1577		else {
1578			v->x = 0;
1579			v->y = 0;
1580			v->w = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1581			v->h = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1582		}
1583
1584		/* init layouts */
1585		v->mwfact = MWFACT;
1586		v->layout = &layouts[0];
1587
1588		// TODO: bpos per screen?
1589		bpos = BARPOS;
1590		wa.override_redirect = 1;
1591		wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1592		wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1593
1594		/* init bars */
1595		v->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, v->x, v->y, v->w, bh, 0,
1596				DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1597				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1598		XDefineCursor(dpy, v->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1599		updatebarpos(v);
1600		XMapRaised(dpy, v->barwin);
1601		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1602
1603		/* EWMH support per view */
1604		XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1605				PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1606
1607		/* select for events */
1608		wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1609				|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1610		XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1611		XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1612
1613		drawbar(v);
1614	}
1615	if(info)
1616		XFree(info);
1617
1618	selview = viewat();
1619
1620	/* grab keys */
1621	grabkeys();
1622}
1623
1624void
1625spawn(const char *arg) {
1626	static char *shell = NULL;
1627
1628	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1629		shell = "/bin/sh";
1630	if(!arg)
1631		return;
1632	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1633	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1634	if(fork() == 0) {
1635		if(fork() == 0) {
1636			if(dpy)
1637				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1638			setsid();
1639			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1640			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1641			perror(" failed");
1642		}
1643		exit(0);
1644	}
1645	wait(0);
1646}
1647
1648void
1649tag(const char *arg) {
1650	unsigned int i;
1651
1652	if(!sel)
1653		return;
1654	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1655		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1656	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1657	arrange();
1658}
1659
1660unsigned int
1661textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1662	XRectangle r;
1663
1664	if(dc.font.set) {
1665		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1666		return r.width;
1667	}
1668	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1669}
1670
1671unsigned int
1672textw(const char *text) {
1673	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1674}
1675
1676void
1677tile(View *v) {
1678	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1679	Client *c, *mc;
1680
1681	domwfact = dozoom = True;
1682	nx = v->wax;
1683	ny = v->way;
1684	nw = 0;
1685	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients, v); c; c = nexttiled(c->next, v))
1686		n++;
1687
1688	/* window geoms */
1689	mw = (n == 1) ? v->waw : v->mwfact * v->waw;
1690	th = (n > 1) ? v->wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1691	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1692		th = v->wah;
1693
1694	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients, v); c; c = nexttiled(c->next, v)) {
1695		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1696			nx = v->wax;
1697			ny = v->way;
1698			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1699			nh = v->wah - 2 * c->border;
1700		}
1701		else {  /* tile window */
1702			if(i == 1) {
1703				ny = v->way;
1704				nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1705				nw = v->waw - mw - 2 * c->border;
1706			}
1707			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1708				nh = (v->way + v->wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1709			else
1710				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1711		}
1712		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1713		if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw)))
1714			/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1715			resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1716		if(n > 1 && th != v->wah)
1717			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1718		i++;
1719	}
1720}
1721
1722void
1723togglebar(const char *arg) {
1724	if(bpos == BarOff)
1725		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1726	else
1727		bpos = BarOff;
1728	updatebarpos(selview);
1729	arrange();
1730}
1731
1732void
1733togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1734	if(!sel)
1735		return;
1736	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1737	if(sel->isfloating)
1738		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1739	arrange();
1740}
1741
1742void
1743toggletag(const char *arg) {
1744	unsigned int i, j;
1745
1746	if(!sel)
1747		return;
1748	i = idxoftag(arg);
1749	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1750	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1751	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1752		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1753	arrange();
1754}
1755
1756void
1757toggleview(const char *arg) {
1758	unsigned int i, j;
1759
1760	i = idxoftag(arg);
1761	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1762	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1763	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1764		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1765	arrange();
1766}
1767
1768void
1769unban(Client *c) {
1770	if(!c->isbanned)
1771		return;
1772	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1773	c->isbanned = False;
1774}
1775
1776void
1777unmanage(Client *c) {
1778	XWindowChanges wc;
1779
1780	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1781	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1782	XGrabServer(dpy);
1783	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1784	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1785	detach(c);
1786	detachstack(c);
1787	if(sel == c)
1788		focus(NULL);
1789	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1790	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1791	free(c->tags);
1792	free(c);
1793	XSync(dpy, False);
1794	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1795	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1796	arrange();
1797}
1798
1799void
1800unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1801	Client *c;
1802	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1803
1804	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1805		unmanage(c);
1806}
1807
1808void
1809updatebarpos(View *v) {
1810	XEvent ev;
1811
1812	v->wax = v->x;
1813	v->way = v->y;
1814	v->wah = v->h;
1815	v->waw = v->w;
1816	switch(bpos) {
1817	default:
1818		v->wah -= bh;
1819		v->way += bh;
1820		XMoveWindow(dpy, v->barwin, v->x, v->y);
1821		break;
1822	case BarBot:
1823		v->wah -= bh;
1824		XMoveWindow(dpy, v->barwin, v->x, v->y + v->wah);
1825		break;
1826	case BarOff:
1827		XMoveWindow(dpy, v->barwin, v->x, v->y - bh);
1828		break;
1829	}
1830	XSync(dpy, False);
1831	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1832}
1833
1834void
1835updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1836	long msize;
1837	XSizeHints size;
1838
1839	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1840		size.flags = PSize;
1841	c->flags = size.flags;
1842	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1843		c->basew = size.base_width;
1844		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1845	}
1846	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1847		c->basew = size.min_width;
1848		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1849	}
1850	else
1851		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1852	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1853		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1854		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1855	}
1856	else
1857		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1858	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1859		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1860		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1861	}
1862	else
1863		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1864	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1865		c->minw = size.min_width;
1866		c->minh = size.min_height;
1867	}
1868	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1869		c->minw = size.base_width;
1870		c->minh = size.base_height;
1871	}
1872	else
1873		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1874	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1875		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1876		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1877		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1878		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1879	}
1880	else
1881		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1882	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1883			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1884}
1885
1886void
1887updatetitle(Client *c) {
1888	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1889		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1890}
1891
1892void
1893updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1894	XWMHints *wmh;
1895
1896	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1897		c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1898		XFree(wmh);
1899	}
1900}
1901
1902void
1903view(const char *arg) {
1904	unsigned int i;
1905	Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
1906
1907	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1908		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1909	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1910
1911	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, sizeof initags) != 0) {
1912		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof initags);
1913		memcpy(seltags, tmp, sizeof initags);
1914		arrange();
1915	}
1916}
1917
1918View *
1919viewat() {
1920	int i, x, y;
1921	Window win;
1922	unsigned int mask;
1923
1924	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &win, &win, &x, &y, &i, &i, &mask);
1925	for(i = 0; i < nviews; i++) {
1926		if((x >= views[i].x && x < views[i].x + views[i].w)
1927		&& (y >= views[i].y && y < views[i].y + views[i].h))
1928			return &views[i];
1929	}
1930	return NULL;
1931}
1932
1933void
1934viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1935	static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
1936
1937	memcpy(tmp, seltags, sizeof initags);
1938	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof initags);
1939	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, sizeof initags);
1940	arrange();
1941}
1942
1943/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1944 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1945 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1946int
1947xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1948	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1949	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1950	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1951	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1952	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1953	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1954	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1955	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1956		return 0;
1957	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1958		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1959	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1960}
1961
1962int
1963xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1964	return 0;
1965}
1966
1967/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1968 * is already running. */
1969int
1970xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1971	otherwm = True;
1972	return -1;
1973}
1974
1975void
1976zoom(const char *arg) {
1977	Client *c = sel;
1978
1979	if(!sel || !dozoom || sel->isfloating)
1980		return;
1981	if(c == nexttiled(clients, c->view))
1982		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next, c->view)))
1983			return;
1984	detach(c);
1985	attach(c);
1986	focus(c);
1987	arrange();
1988}
1989
1990int
1991main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1992	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1993		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1994	else if(argc != 1)
1995		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1996
1997	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1998	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1999		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
2000
2001	checkotherwm();
2002	setup();
2003	scan();
2004	run();
2005	cleanup();
2006
2007	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
2008	return 0;
2009}