1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  48#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  49#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  50#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Monitor *mon;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123struct Monitor {
 124	int screen_number;
 125	float mfact;
 126	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 127	int mx, my, mw, mh;   /* screen size */
 128	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 129	unsigned int seltags;
 130	unsigned int sellt;
 131	unsigned int tagset[2];
 132	Bool showbar;
 133	Bool topbar;
 134	Client *clients;
 135	Client *sel;
 136	Client *stack;
 137	Monitor *next;
 138	Window barwin;
 139};
 140
 141typedef struct {
 142	const char *class;
 143	const char *instance;
 144	const char *title;
 145	unsigned int tags;
 146	Bool isfloating;
 147} Rule;
 148
 149/* function declarations */
 150static void applyrules(Client *c);
 151static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 152static void arrange(void);
 153static void attach(Client *c);
 154static void attachstack(Client *c);
 155static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 156static void checkotherwm(void);
 157static void cleanup(void);
 158static void cleanupmons(void);
 159static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 160static void configure(Client *c);
 161static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 162static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 163static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 164static void detach(Client *c);
 165static void detachstack(Client *c);
 166static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 167static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 168static void drawbars(void);
 169static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 170static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 171static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void expose(XEvent *e);
 173static void focus(Client *c);
 174static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 175static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 176static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 177static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 178static Bool getrootpointer(int *x, int *y);
 179static long getstate(Window w);
 180static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 181static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 182static void grabkeys(void);
 183static Monitor *idxtomon(unsigned int n);
 184static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 185static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 186static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 187static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 188static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 189static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 190static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 191static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 192static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 193static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 194static Monitor *pointertomon(int x, int y);
 195static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 196static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 197static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 198static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 199static void restack(Monitor *m);
 200static void run(void);
 201static void scan(void);
 202static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
 203static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 204static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 205static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 206static void setup(void);
 207static void showhide(Client *c);
 208static void sigchld(int signal);
 209static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 210static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 211static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 212static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 213static void tile(Monitor *);
 214static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 215static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 216static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 217static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 218static void unfocus(Client *c);
 219static void unmanage(Client *c);
 220static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 221static void updategeom(void);
 222static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 223static void updatebars(void);
 224static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 225static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 226static void updatestatus(void);
 227static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 228static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 229static void view(const Arg *arg);
 230static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
 231static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
 232static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 233static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 234static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 235static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 236
 237/* variables */
 238static char stext[256];
 239static int screen;
 240static int sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 241static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 242static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 243static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 244static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 245	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 246	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 247	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 248	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 249	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 250	[Expose] = expose,
 251	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 252	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 253	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 254	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 255	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 256	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 257};
 258static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 259static Bool otherwm;
 260static Bool running = True;
 261static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 262static Display *dpy;
 263static DC dc;
 264static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 265static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 266static Window root;
 267/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 268#include "config.h"
 269
 270/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 271struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 272
 273/* function implementations */
 274void
 275applyrules(Client *c) {
 276	unsigned int i;
 277	Rule *r;
 278	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 279
 280	/* rule matching */
 281	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 282	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 283		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 284			r = &rules[i];
 285			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 286			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 287			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 288				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 289				c->tags |= r->tags;
 290			}
 291		}
 292		if(ch.res_class)
 293			XFree(ch.res_class);
 294		if(ch.res_name)
 295			XFree(ch.res_name);
 296	}
 297	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 298}
 299
 300Bool
 301applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 302	Bool baseismin;
 303	Monitor *m = c->mon;
 304
 305	/* set minimum possible */
 306	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 307	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 308
 309	if(*x > m->mx + m->mw)
 310		*x = m->mx + m->mw - WIDTH(c);
 311	if(*y > m->my + m->mh)
 312		*y = m->my + m->mh - HEIGHT(c);
 313	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < m->mx)
 314		*x = m->mx;
 315	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < m->my)
 316		*y = m->my;
 317	if(*h < bh)
 318		*h = bh;
 319	if(*w < bh)
 320		*w = bh;
 321
 322	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 323		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 324		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 325
 326		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 327			*w -= c->basew;
 328			*h -= c->baseh;
 329		}
 330
 331		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 332		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 333			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 334				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 335			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 336				*h = *w * c->mina;
 337		}
 338
 339		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 340			*w -= c->basew;
 341			*h -= c->baseh;
 342		}
 343
 344		/* adjust for increment value */
 345		if(c->incw)
 346			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 347		if(c->inch)
 348			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 349
 350		/* restore base dimensions */
 351		*w += c->basew;
 352		*h += c->baseh;
 353
 354		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 355		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 356
 357		if(c->maxw)
 358			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 359
 360		if(c->maxh)
 361			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 362	}
 363	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 364}
 365
 366void
 367arrange(void) {
 368	Monitor *m;
 369
 370	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 371	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 372		showhide(m->stack);
 373	focus(NULL);
 374	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 375		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 376			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 377		restack(m);
 378	}
 379}
 380
 381void
 382attach(Client *c) {
 383	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 384	c->mon->clients = c;
 385}
 386
 387void
 388attachstack(Client *c) {
 389	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 390	c->mon->stack = c;
 391}
 392
 393void
 394buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 395	unsigned int i, x, click;
 396	Arg arg = {0};
 397	Client *c;
 398	Monitor *m;
 399	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 400
 401	click = ClkRootWin;
 402	/* focus monitor if necessary */
 403	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 404		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 405		selmon = m;
 406		focus(NULL);
 407	}
 408	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 409		i = 0;
 410		x = selmon->btx;
 411		do
 412			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 413		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 414		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 415			click = ClkTagBar;
 416			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 417		}
 418		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 419			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 420		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 421			click = ClkStatusText;
 422		else
 423			click = ClkWinTitle;
 424	}
 425	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 426		focus(c);
 427		click = ClkClientWin;
 428	}
 429
 430	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 431		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 432		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 433			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 434}
 435
 436void
 437checkotherwm(void) {
 438	otherwm = False;
 439	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 440
 441	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 442	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 443	XSync(dpy, False);
 444	if(otherwm)
 445		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 446	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 447	XSync(dpy, False);
 448}
 449
 450void
 451cleanup(void) {
 452	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 453	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 454	Monitor *m;
 455
 456	view(&a);
 457	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 458	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 459		while(m->stack)
 460			unmanage(m->stack);
 461	if(dc.font.set)
 462		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 463	else
 464		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 465	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 466	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 467	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 468	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 469	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 470	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 471	cleanupmons();
 472	XSync(dpy, False);
 473	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 474}
 475
 476void
 477cleanupmons(void) {
 478	Monitor *m;
 479
 480	while(mons) {
 481		m = mons->next;
 482		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 483		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 484		free(mons);
 485		mons = m;
 486	}
 487}
 488
 489void
 490clearurgent(Client *c) {
 491	XWMHints *wmh;
 492
 493	c->isurgent = False;
 494	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 495		return;
 496	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 497	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 498	XFree(wmh);
 499}
 500
 501void
 502configure(Client *c) {
 503	XConfigureEvent ce;
 504
 505	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 506	ce.display = dpy;
 507	ce.event = c->win;
 508	ce.window = c->win;
 509	ce.x = c->x;
 510	ce.y = c->y;
 511	ce.width = c->w;
 512	ce.height = c->h;
 513	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 514	ce.above = None;
 515	ce.override_redirect = False;
 516	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 517}
 518
 519void
 520configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 521	Monitor *m;
 522	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 523
 524	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 525		sw = ev->width;
 526		sh = ev->height;
 527		updategeom();
 528		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 529			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 530		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 531		updatebars();
 532		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 533			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 534		arrange();
 535	}
 536}
 537
 538void
 539configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 540	Client *c;
 541	Monitor *m;
 542	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 543	XWindowChanges wc;
 544
 545	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 546		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 547			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 548		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 549			m = c->mon;
 550			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 551				c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
 552			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 553				c->y = m->my + ev->y;
 554			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 555				c->w = ev->width;
 556			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 557				c->h = ev->height;
 558			if((c->x - m->mx + c->w) > m->mw && c->isfloating)
 559				c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 560			if((c->y - m->my + c->h) > m->mh && c->isfloating)
 561				c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 562			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 563				configure(c);
 564			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 565				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 566		}
 567		else
 568			configure(c);
 569	}
 570	else {
 571		wc.x = ev->x;
 572		wc.y = ev->y;
 573		wc.width = ev->width;
 574		wc.height = ev->height;
 575		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 576		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 577		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 578		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 579	}
 580	XSync(dpy, False);
 581}
 582
 583void
 584destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 585	Client *c;
 586	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 587
 588	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 589		unmanage(c);
 590}
 591
 592void
 593detach(Client *c) {
 594	Client **tc;
 595
 596	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 597	*tc = c->next;
 598}
 599
 600void
 601detachstack(Client *c) {
 602	Client **tc, *t;
 603
 604	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 605	*tc = c->snext;
 606
 607	if(c == c->mon->sel) {
 608		for(t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
 609		c->mon->sel = t;
 610	}
 611}
 612
 613void
 614die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 615	va_list ap;
 616
 617	va_start(ap, errstr);
 618	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 619	va_end(ap);
 620	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 621}
 622
 623void
 624drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 625	int x;
 626	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 627	unsigned long *col;
 628	Client *c;
 629
 630	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 631		occ |= c->tags;
 632		if(c->isurgent)
 633			urg |= c->tags;
 634	}
 635
 636	dc.x = 0;
 637	if(mons->next) { /* more than a single monitor */
 638		dc.w = TEXTW(monsyms[m->screen_number]);
 639		drawtext(monsyms[m->screen_number], selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, False);
 640		dc.x += dc.w;
 641	}
 642	m->btx = dc.x;
 643	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 644		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 645		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 646		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 647		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 648		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 649		dc.x += dc.w;
 650	}
 651	if(blw > 0) {
 652		dc.w = blw;
 653		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 654		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 655	}
 656	else
 657		x = dc.x;
 658	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 659		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 660		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 661		if(dc.x < x) {
 662			dc.x = x;
 663			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 664		}
 665		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 666	}
 667	else {
 668		dc.x = m->ww;
 669	}
 670	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 671		dc.x = x;
 672		if(m->sel) {
 673			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 674			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 675			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 676		}
 677		else
 678			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 679	}
 680	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 681	XSync(dpy, False);
 682}
 683
 684void
 685drawbars(void) {
 686	Monitor *m;
 687
 688	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 689		drawbar(m);
 690}
 691
 692void
 693drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 694	int x;
 695	XGCValues gcv;
 696	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 697
 698	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 699	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 700	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 701	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 702	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 703	if(filled) {
 704		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 705		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 706	}
 707	else if(empty) {
 708		r.width = r.height = x;
 709		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 710	}
 711}
 712
 713void
 714drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 715	char buf[256];
 716	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 717	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 718
 719	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 720	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 721	if(!text)
 722		return;
 723	olen = strlen(text);
 724	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 725	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 726	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 727	/* shorten text if necessary */
 728	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 729	if(!len)
 730		return;
 731	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 732	if(len < olen)
 733		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 734	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 735	if(dc.font.set)
 736		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 737	else
 738		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 739}
 740
 741void
 742enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 743	Client *c;
 744	Monitor *m;
 745	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 746
 747	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 748		return;
 749	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 750		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 751		selmon = m;
 752	}
 753	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 754		focus(c);
 755	else
 756		focus(NULL);
 757}
 758
 759void
 760expose(XEvent *e) {
 761	Monitor *m;
 762	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 763
 764	if(ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window)))
 765		drawbar(m);
 766}
 767
 768void
 769focus(Client *c) {
 770	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 771		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 772	if(selmon->sel)
 773		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 774	if(c) {
 775		if(c->mon != selmon)
 776			selmon = c->mon;
 777		if(c->isurgent)
 778			clearurgent(c);
 779		detachstack(c);
 780		attachstack(c);
 781		grabbuttons(c, True);
 782		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 783		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 784	}
 785	else
 786		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 787	selmon->sel = c;
 788	drawbars();
 789}
 790
 791void
 792focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 793	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 794
 795	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 796		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 797}
 798
 799void
 800focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 801	Monitor *m;
 802
 803	if(!(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)) || m == selmon)
 804		return;
 805	unfocus(selmon->sel);
 806	selmon = m;
 807	focus(NULL);
 808}
 809
 810void
 811focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 812	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 813
 814	if(!selmon->sel)
 815		return;
 816	if(arg->i > 0) {
 817		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 818		if(!c)
 819			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 820	}
 821	else {
 822		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 823			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 824				c = i;
 825		if(!c)
 826			for(; i; i = i->next)
 827				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 828					c = i;
 829	}
 830	if(c) {
 831		focus(c);
 832		restack(selmon);
 833	}
 834}
 835
 836unsigned long
 837getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 838	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 839	XColor color;
 840
 841	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 842		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 843	return color.pixel;
 844}
 845
 846Bool
 847getrootpointer(int *x, int *y) {
 848	int di;
 849	unsigned int dui;
 850	Window dummy;
 851	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
 852}
 853
 854long
 855getstate(Window w) {
 856	int format, status;
 857	long result = -1;
 858	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 859	unsigned long n, extra;
 860	Atom real;
 861
 862	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 863			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 864	if(status != Success)
 865		return -1;
 866	if(n != 0)
 867		result = *p;
 868	XFree(p);
 869	return result;
 870}
 871
 872Bool
 873gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 874	char **list = NULL;
 875	int n;
 876	XTextProperty name;
 877
 878	if(!text || size == 0)
 879		return False;
 880	text[0] = '\0';
 881	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 882	if(!name.nitems)
 883		return False;
 884	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 885		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 886	else {
 887		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 888		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 889			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 890			XFreeStringList(list);
 891		}
 892	}
 893	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 894	XFree(name.value);
 895	return True;
 896}
 897
 898void
 899grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 900	updatenumlockmask();
 901	{
 902		unsigned int i, j;
 903		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 904		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 905		if(focused) {
 906			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 907				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 908					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 909						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 910						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 911						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 912						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 913		} else
 914			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 915			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 916	}
 917}
 918
 919void
 920grabkeys(void) {
 921	updatenumlockmask();
 922	{ /* grab keys */
 923		unsigned int i, j;
 924		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 925		KeyCode code;
 926
 927		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 928		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 929			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 930				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 931					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 932						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 933		}
 934	}
 935}
 936
 937Monitor *
 938idxtomon(unsigned int n) {
 939	unsigned int i;
 940	Monitor *m;
 941
 942	for(m = mons, i = 0; m && i != n; m = m->next, i++);
 943	return m;
 944}
 945
 946void
 947initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 948	char *def, **missing;
 949	int i, n;
 950
 951	missing = NULL;
 952	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 953	if(missing) {
 954		while(n--)
 955			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 956		XFreeStringList(missing);
 957	}
 958	if(dc.font.set) {
 959		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 960		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 961		char **font_names;
 962		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 963		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 964		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 965		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 966			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 967			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 968			xfonts++;
 969		}
 970	}
 971	else {
 972		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 973		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 974			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 975		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 976		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 977	}
 978	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 979}
 980
 981Bool
 982isprotodel(Client *c) {
 983	int i, n;
 984	Atom *protocols;
 985	Bool ret = False;
 986
 987	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 988		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 989			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 990				ret = True;
 991		XFree(protocols);
 992	}
 993	return ret;
 994}
 995
 996void
 997keypress(XEvent *e) {
 998	unsigned int i;
 999	KeySym keysym;
1000	XKeyEvent *ev;
1001
1002	ev = &e->xkey;
1003	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1004	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1005		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1006		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1007		   && keys[i].func)
1008			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1009}
1010
1011void
1012killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1013	XEvent ev;
1014
1015	if(!selmon->sel)
1016		return;
1017	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1018		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1019		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1020		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1021		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1022		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1023		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1024		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1025	}
1026	else
1027		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1028}
1029
1030void
1031manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1032	static Client cz;
1033	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1034	Window trans = None;
1035	XWindowChanges wc;
1036
1037	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1038		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1039	*c = cz;
1040	c->win = w;
1041
1042	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1043		t = wintoclient(trans);
1044	if(t) {
1045		c->mon = t->mon;
1046		c->tags = t->tags;
1047	}
1048	else {
1049		c->mon = selmon;
1050		applyrules(c);
1051	}
1052
1053	/* geometry */
1054	c->x = wa->x + c->mon->wx;
1055	c->y = wa->y + c->mon->wy;
1056	c->w = wa->width;
1057	c->h = wa->height;
1058	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1059	if(c->w == c->mon->mw && c->h == c->mon->mh) {
1060		c->x = c->mon->mx;
1061		c->y = c->mon->my;
1062		c->bw = 0;
1063	}
1064	else {
1065		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw)
1066			c->x = c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c);
1067		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->my + c->mon->mh)
1068			c->y = c->mon->my + c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c);
1069		c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
1070		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1071		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1072		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : c->mon->my);
1073		c->bw = borderpx;
1074	}
1075
1076	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1077	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1078	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1079	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1080	updatesizehints(c);
1081	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1082	grabbuttons(c, False);
1083	updatetitle(c);
1084	if(!c->isfloating)
1085		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1086	if(c->isfloating)
1087		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1088	attach(c);
1089	attachstack(c);
1090	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1091	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1092	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1093	arrange();
1094}
1095
1096void
1097mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1098	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1099
1100	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1101	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1102		grabkeys();
1103}
1104
1105void
1106maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1107	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1108	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1109
1110	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1111		return;
1112	if(wa.override_redirect)
1113		return;
1114	if(!wintoclient(ev->window))
1115		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1116}
1117
1118void
1119monocle(Monitor *m) {
1120	Client *c;
1121
1122	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1123		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1124}
1125
1126void
1127movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1128	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
1129	Client *c;
1130	Monitor *m;
1131	XEvent ev;
1132
1133	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1134		return;
1135	restack(selmon);
1136	ocx = c->x;
1137	ocy = c->y;
1138	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1139	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1140		return;
1141	if(!getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1142		return;
1143	do {
1144		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1145		switch (ev.type) {
1146		case ConfigureRequest:
1147		case Expose:
1148		case MapRequest:
1149			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1150			break;
1151		case MotionNotify:
1152			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1153			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1154			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1155			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1156				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1157					nx = selmon->wx;
1158				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1159					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1160				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1161					ny = selmon->wy;
1162				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1163					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1164				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1165				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1166					togglefloating(NULL);
1167			}
1168			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1169				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1170			break;
1171		}
1172	}
1173	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1174	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1175	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1176		sendmon(c, m);
1177		selmon = m;
1178		focus(NULL);
1179	}
1180}
1181
1182Client *
1183nexttiled(Client *c) {
1184	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1185	return c;
1186}
1187
1188Monitor *
1189pointertomon(int x, int y) {
1190	Monitor *m;
1191
1192	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1193		if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh))
1194			return m;
1195	return selmon;
1196}
1197
1198void
1199propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1200	Client *c;
1201	Window trans;
1202	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1203
1204	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1205		updatestatus();
1206	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1207		return; /* ignore */
1208	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
1209		switch (ev->atom) {
1210		default: break;
1211		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1212			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1213			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans) != NULL)))
1214				arrange();
1215			break;
1216		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1217			updatesizehints(c);
1218			break;
1219		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1220			updatewmhints(c);
1221			drawbars();
1222			break;
1223		}
1224		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1225			updatetitle(c);
1226			if(c == selmon->sel)
1227				drawbars();
1228		}
1229	}
1230}
1231
1232void
1233quit(const Arg *arg) {
1234	running = False;
1235}
1236
1237void
1238resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1239	XWindowChanges wc;
1240
1241	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1242		c->x = wc.x = x;
1243		c->y = wc.y = y;
1244		c->w = wc.width = w;
1245		c->h = wc.height = h;
1246		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1247		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1248		configure(c);
1249		XSync(dpy, False);
1250	}
1251}
1252
1253void
1254resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1255	int ocx, ocy;
1256	int nw, nh;
1257	Client *c;
1258	Monitor *m;
1259	XEvent ev;
1260
1261	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1262		return;
1263	restack(selmon);
1264	ocx = c->x;
1265	ocy = c->y;
1266	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1267	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1268		return;
1269	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1270	do {
1271		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1272		switch(ev.type) {
1273		case ConfigureRequest:
1274		case Expose:
1275		case MapRequest:
1276			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1277			break;
1278		case MotionNotify:
1279			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1280			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1281
1282			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1283			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1284				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1285				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1286					togglefloating(NULL);
1287			}
1288			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1289				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1290			break;
1291		}
1292	}
1293	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1294	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1295	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1296	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1297	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1298		sendmon(c, m);
1299		selmon = m;
1300		focus(NULL);
1301	}
1302}
1303
1304void
1305restack(Monitor *m) {
1306	Client *c;
1307	XEvent ev;
1308	XWindowChanges wc;
1309
1310	drawbars();
1311	if(!m->sel)
1312		return;
1313	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1314		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1315	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1316		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1317		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1318		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1319			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1320				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1321				wc.sibling = c->win;
1322			}
1323	}
1324	XSync(dpy, False);
1325	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1326}
1327
1328void
1329run(void) {
1330	XEvent ev;
1331
1332	/* main event loop */
1333	XSync(dpy, False);
1334	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1335		if(handler[ev.type])
1336			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1337	}
1338}
1339
1340void
1341scan(void) {
1342	unsigned int i, num;
1343	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1344	XWindowAttributes wa;
1345
1346	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1347		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1348			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1349			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1350				continue;
1351			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1352				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1353		}
1354		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1355			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1356				continue;
1357			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1358			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1359				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1360		}
1361		if(wins)
1362			XFree(wins);
1363	}
1364}
1365
1366void
1367sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
1368	if(c->mon == m)
1369		return;
1370	unfocus(c);
1371	detach(c);
1372	detachstack(c);
1373	c->mon = m;
1374	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1375	attach(c);
1376	attachstack(c);
1377	focus(NULL);
1378	arrange();
1379}
1380
1381void
1382setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1383	long data[] = {state, None};
1384
1385	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1386			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1387}
1388
1389void
1390setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1391	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1392		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1393	if(arg && arg->v)
1394		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1395	if(selmon->sel)
1396		arrange();
1397	else
1398		drawbars();
1399}
1400
1401/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1402void
1403setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1404	float f;
1405
1406	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1407		return;
1408	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1409	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1410		return;
1411	selmon->mfact = f;
1412	arrange();
1413}
1414
1415void
1416setup(void) {
1417	unsigned int i;
1418	int w;
1419	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1420
1421	/* init screen */
1422	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1423	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1424	initfont(font);
1425	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1426	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1427	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1428	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1429	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1430	updategeom();
1431
1432	/* init atoms */
1433	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1434	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1435	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1436	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1437	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1438
1439	/* init cursors */
1440	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1441	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1442	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1443
1444	/* init appearance */
1445	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1446	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1447	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1448	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1449	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1450	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1451	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1452	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1453	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1454	if(!dc.font.set)
1455		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1456
1457	/* init bars */
1458	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1459		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1460		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1461	}
1462	updatebars();
1463	updatestatus();
1464
1465	/* EWMH support per view */
1466	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1467			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1468
1469	/* select for events */
1470	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1471	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1472			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1473			|PropertyChangeMask;
1474	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1475	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1476
1477	grabkeys();
1478}
1479
1480void
1481showhide(Client *c) {
1482	if(!c)
1483		return;
1484	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1485		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1486		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1487			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1488		showhide(c->snext);
1489	}
1490	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1491		showhide(c->snext);
1492		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1493	}
1494}
1495
1496
1497void
1498sigchld(int signal) {
1499	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1500}
1501
1502void
1503spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1504	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1505	if(fork() == 0) {
1506		if(dpy)
1507			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1508		setsid();
1509		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1510		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1511		perror(" failed");
1512		exit(0);
1513	}
1514}
1515
1516void
1517tag(const Arg *arg) {
1518	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1519		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1520		arrange();
1521	}
1522}
1523
1524void
1525tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1526	Monitor *m;
1527
1528	if(!selmon->sel || !(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)))
1529		return;
1530	sendmon(selmon->sel, m);
1531}
1532
1533int
1534textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1535	XRectangle r;
1536
1537	if(dc.font.set) {
1538		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1539		return r.width;
1540	}
1541	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1542}
1543
1544void
1545tile(Monitor *m) {
1546	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1547	unsigned int i, n;
1548	Client *c;
1549
1550	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1551	if(n == 0)
1552		return;
1553
1554	/* master */
1555	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1556	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1557	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1558
1559	if(--n == 0)
1560		return;
1561
1562	/* tile stack */
1563	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1564	y = m->wy;
1565	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1566	h = m->wh / n;
1567	if(h < bh)
1568		h = m->wh;
1569
1570	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1571		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1572		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1573		if(h != m->wh)
1574			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1575	}
1576}
1577
1578void
1579togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1580	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1581	updatebarpos(selmon);
1582	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1583	arrange();
1584}
1585
1586void
1587togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1588	if(!selmon->sel)
1589		return;
1590	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1591	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1592		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1593	arrange();
1594}
1595
1596void
1597toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1598	unsigned int mask;
1599
1600	if(!selmon->sel)
1601		return;
1602	
1603	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1604	if(mask) {
1605		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1606		arrange();
1607	}
1608}
1609
1610void
1611toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1612	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1613
1614	if(mask) {
1615		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1616		arrange();
1617	}
1618}
1619
1620void
1621unfocus(Client *c) {
1622	if(!c)
1623		return;
1624	grabbuttons(c, False);
1625	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1626	XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1627}
1628
1629void
1630unmanage(Client *c) {
1631	XWindowChanges wc;
1632
1633	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1634	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1635	XGrabServer(dpy);
1636	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1637	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1638	detach(c);
1639	detachstack(c);
1640	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1641	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1642	free(c);
1643	XSync(dpy, False);
1644	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1645	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1646	focus(NULL);
1647	arrange();
1648}
1649
1650void
1651unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1652	Client *c;
1653	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1654
1655	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
1656		unmanage(c);
1657}
1658
1659void
1660updatebars(void) {
1661	Monitor *m;
1662	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1663
1664	wa.override_redirect = True;
1665	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1666	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1667
1668	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1669		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1670
1671		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1672		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1673		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1674		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1675	}
1676}
1677
1678void
1679updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1680	m->wy = m->my;
1681	m->wh = m->mh;
1682	if(m->showbar) {
1683		m->wh -= bh;
1684		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1685		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1686	}
1687	else
1688		m->by = -bh;
1689}
1690
1691void
1692updategeom(void) {
1693	int i, n = 1;
1694	Client *c;
1695	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1696
1697#ifdef XINERAMA
1698	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1699
1700	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1701		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1702#endif /* XINERAMA */
1703	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1704	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1705		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1706		m->next = newmons;
1707		newmons = m;
1708	}
1709
1710	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1711#ifdef XINERAMA
1712	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1713		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1714			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1715			m->mx = m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1716			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1717			m->mw = m->ww = info[i].width;
1718			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1719		}
1720		XFree(info);
1721	}
1722	else
1723#endif /* XINERAMA */
1724	/* default monitor setup */
1725	{
1726		m->screen_number = 0;
1727		m->mx = m->wx = 0;
1728		m->my = m->wy = 0;
1729		m->mw = m->ww = sw;
1730		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1731	}
1732
1733	/* bar geometry setup */
1734	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1735		m->sel = m->stack = m->clients = NULL;
1736		m->seltags = 0;
1737		m->sellt = 0;
1738		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1739		m->mfact = mfact;
1740		m->showbar = SHOWBAR;
1741		m->topbar = TOPBAR;
1742		updatebarpos(m);
1743	}
1744
1745	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1746	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1747		while(tm->clients) {
1748			c = tm->clients;
1749			tm->clients = c->next;
1750			detachstack(c);
1751			c->mon = newmons;
1752			attach(c);
1753			attachstack(c);
1754		}
1755
1756	/* select focused monitor */
1757	cleanupmons();
1758	selmon = mons = newmons;
1759	selmon = wintomon(root);
1760}
1761
1762void
1763updatenumlockmask(void) {
1764	unsigned int i, j;
1765	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1766
1767	numlockmask = 0;
1768	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1769	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1770		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1771			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1772			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1773				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1774	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1775}
1776
1777void
1778updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1779	long msize;
1780	XSizeHints size;
1781
1782	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1783		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1784		size.flags = PSize;
1785	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1786		c->basew = size.base_width;
1787		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1788	}
1789	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1790		c->basew = size.min_width;
1791		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1792	}
1793	else
1794		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1795	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1796		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1797		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1798	}
1799	else
1800		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1801	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1802		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1803		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1804	}
1805	else
1806		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1807	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1808		c->minw = size.min_width;
1809		c->minh = size.min_height;
1810	}
1811	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1812		c->minw = size.base_width;
1813		c->minh = size.base_height;
1814	}
1815	else
1816		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1817	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1818		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1819		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1820	}
1821	else
1822		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1823	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1824	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1825}
1826
1827void
1828updatetitle(Client *c) {
1829	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1830		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1831}
1832
1833void
1834updatestatus(void) {
1835	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1836		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1837	drawbar(selmon);
1838}
1839
1840void
1841updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1842	XWMHints *wmh;
1843
1844	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1845		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1846			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1847			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1848		}
1849		else
1850			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1851
1852		XFree(wmh);
1853	}
1854}
1855
1856void
1857view(const Arg *arg) {
1858	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1859		return;
1860	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1861	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1862		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1863	arrange();
1864}
1865
1866Client *
1867wintoclient(Window w) {
1868	Client *c;
1869	Monitor *m;
1870
1871	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1872		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
1873			if(c->win == w)
1874				return c;
1875	return NULL;
1876}
1877
1878Monitor *
1879wintomon(Window w) {
1880	int x, y;
1881	Client *c;
1882	Monitor *m;
1883
1884	if(w == root && getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1885		return pointertomon(x, y);
1886	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1887		if(w == m->barwin)
1888			return m;
1889	if((c = wintoclient(w)))
1890		return c->mon;
1891	return selmon;
1892}
1893
1894/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1895 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1896 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1897int
1898xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1899	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1900	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1901	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1902	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1903	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1904	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1905	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1906	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1907	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1908		return 0;
1909	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1910			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1911	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1912}
1913
1914int
1915xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1916	return 0;
1917}
1918
1919/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1920 * is already running. */
1921int
1922xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1923	otherwm = True;
1924	return -1;
1925}
1926
1927void
1928zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1929	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1930
1931	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1932		return;
1933	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1934		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1935			return;
1936	detach(c);
1937	attach(c);
1938	focus(c);
1939	arrange();
1940}
1941
1942int
1943main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1944	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1945		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1946	else if(argc != 1)
1947		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1948
1949	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1950		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1951
1952	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1953		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1954
1955	checkotherwm();
1956	setup();
1957	scan();
1958	run();
1959	cleanup();
1960
1961	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1962	return 0;
1963}