1/**
   2 * - allow for vstack
   3 */
   4/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   5 *
   6 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   7 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   8 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   9 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
  10 * allowed to select for this event mask.
  11 *
  12 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  13 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  14 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  15 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  16 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  17 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  18 *
  19 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  20 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  21 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  22 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  23 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  24 *
  25 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  26 *
  27 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  28 */
  29#include <errno.h>
  30#include <locale.h>
  31#include <stdarg.h>
  32#include <stdio.h>
  33#include <stdlib.h>
  34#include <string.h>
  35#include <unistd.h>
  36#include <sys/select.h>
  37#include <sys/types.h>
  38#include <sys/wait.h>
  39#include <regex.h>
  40#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  41#include <X11/keysym.h>
  42#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  43#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  44#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  45#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  46
  47/* macros */
  48#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  49#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  50#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  51#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  52#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53
  54/* enums */
  55enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  56enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  57enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  58enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  59
  60/* typedefs */
  61typedef struct Client Client;
  62struct Client {
  63	char name[256];
  64	int x, y, w, h;
  65	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  66	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  67	long flags;
  68	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  69	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  70	Bool *tags;
  71	Client *next;
  72	Client *prev;
  73	Client *snext;
  74	Window win;
  75};
  76
  77typedef struct {
  78	int x, y, w, h;
  79	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  80	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  81	Drawable drawable;
  82	GC gc;
  83	struct {
  84		int ascent;
  85		int descent;
  86		int height;
  87		XFontSet set;
  88		XFontStruct *xfont;
  89	} font;
  90} DC; /* draw context */
  91
  92typedef struct {
  93	unsigned long mod;
  94	KeySym keysym;
  95	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  96	const char *arg;
  97} Key;
  98
  99typedef struct {
 100	const char *symbol;
 101	void (*arrange)(void);
 102	Bool isfloating;
 103} Layout;
 104
 105typedef struct {
 106	const char *prop;
 107	const char *tag;
 108	Bool isfloating;
 109} Rule;
 110
 111/* function declarations */
 112void applyrules(Client *c);
 113void arrange(void);
 114void attach(Client *c);
 115void attachstack(Client *c);
 116void ban(Client *c);
 117void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 118void checkotherwm(void);
 119void cleanup(void);
 120void configure(Client *c);
 121void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 122void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 123void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 124void detach(Client *c);
 125void detachstack(Client *c);
 126void drawbar(void);
 127void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 128void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 129void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 130void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 131void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 132void expose(XEvent *e);
 133void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 134void focus(Client *c);
 135void focusin(XEvent *e);
 136void focusnext(const char *arg);
 137void focusprev(const char *arg);
 138Client *getclient(Window w);
 139unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 140long getstate(Window w);
 141Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 142void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 143void grabkeys(void);
 144unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 145void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 146Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 147Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 148Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 149Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 150void keypress(XEvent *e);
 151void killclient(const char *arg);
 152void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 153void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 154void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 155void monocle(void);
 156void movemouse(Client *c);
 157Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 158void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 159void quit(const char *arg);
 160void reapply(const char *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setlayout(const char *arg);
 168void setup(void);
 169void spawn(const char *arg);
 170void tag(const char *arg);
 171unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 172unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 173void tile(void);
 174unsigned int tilemaster(void);
 175void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 176void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 177void toggletag(const char *arg);
 178void toggleview(const char *arg);
 179void unban(Client *c);
 180void unmanage(Client *c);
 181void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 182void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 183void updatetitle(Client *c);
 184void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 185void view(const char *arg);
 186void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 187int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 188int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190void zoom(const char *arg);
 191
 192/* variables */
 193char stext[256], buf[256];
 194int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 195int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 196unsigned int bh, blw = 0;
 197unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 198void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 199	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 200	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 201	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 202	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 203	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 204	[Expose] = expose,
 205	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 206	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 207	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 208	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 209	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 210	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 211};
 212Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 213Bool otherwm, readin;
 214Bool running = True;
 215Bool *prevtags;
 216Bool *seltags;
 217Client *clients = NULL;
 218Client *sel = NULL;
 219Client *stack = NULL;
 220Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 221Display *dpy;
 222DC dc = {0};
 223Layout *lt = NULL;
 224Window root, barwin;
 225
 226/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 227#include "config.h"
 228#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 229static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 230
 231/* function implementations */
 232
 233void
 234applyrules(Client *c) {
 235	unsigned int i;
 236	Bool matched = False;
 237	Rule *r;
 238	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 239
 240	/* rule matching */
 241	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 242	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 243		r = &rules[i];
 244		if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 245		|| (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 246		|| (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 247		{
 248			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 249			if(r->tag) {
 250				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 251				matched = True;
 252			}
 253		}
 254	}
 255	if(ch.res_class)
 256		XFree(ch.res_class);
 257	if(ch.res_name)
 258		XFree(ch.res_name);
 259	if(!matched)
 260		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 261}
 262
 263void
 264arrange(void) {
 265	Client *c;
 266
 267	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 268		if(isvisible(c))
 269			unban(c);
 270		else
 271			ban(c);
 272
 273	focus(NULL);
 274	lt->arrange();
 275	restack();
 276}
 277
 278void
 279attach(Client *c) {
 280	if(clients)
 281		clients->prev = c;
 282	c->next = clients;
 283	clients = c;
 284}
 285
 286void
 287attachstack(Client *c) {
 288	c->snext = stack;
 289	stack = c;
 290}
 291
 292void
 293ban(Client *c) {
 294	if(c->isbanned)
 295		return;
 296	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 297	c->isbanned = True;
 298}
 299
 300void
 301buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 302	unsigned int i, x;
 303	Client *c;
 304	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 305
 306	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 307		x = 0;
 308		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 309			x += textw(tags[i]);
 310			if(ev->x < x) {
 311				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 312					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 313						tag(tags[i]);
 314					else
 315						view(tags[i]);
 316				}
 317				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 318					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 319						toggletag(tags[i]);
 320					else
 321						toggleview(tags[i]);
 322				}
 323				return;
 324			}
 325		}
 326	}
 327	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 328		focus(c);
 329		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 330			return;
 331		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 332			restack();
 333			movemouse(c);
 334		}
 335		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 336			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 337				togglefloating(NULL);
 338			else
 339				zoom(NULL);
 340		}
 341		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 342			restack();
 343			resizemouse(c);
 344		}
 345	}
 346}
 347
 348void
 349checkotherwm(void) {
 350	otherwm = False;
 351	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 352
 353	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 354	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 355	XSync(dpy, False);
 356	if(otherwm)
 357		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 358	XSync(dpy, False);
 359	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 360	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 361	XSync(dpy, False);
 362}
 363
 364void
 365cleanup(void) {
 366	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 367	while(stack) {
 368		unban(stack);
 369		unmanage(stack);
 370	}
 371	if(dc.font.set)
 372		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 373	else
 374		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 375	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 376	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 377	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 378	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 379	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 380	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 381	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 382	XSync(dpy, False);
 383	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 384}
 385
 386void
 387configure(Client *c) {
 388	XConfigureEvent ce;
 389
 390	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 391	ce.display = dpy;
 392	ce.event = c->win;
 393	ce.window = c->win;
 394	ce.x = c->x;
 395	ce.y = c->y;
 396	ce.width = c->w;
 397	ce.height = c->h;
 398	ce.border_width = c->border;
 399	ce.above = None;
 400	ce.override_redirect = False;
 401	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 402}
 403
 404void
 405configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 406	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 407
 408	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 409		sw = ev->width;
 410		sh = ev->height;
 411		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 412		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, BW, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 413		XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, BX, BY, BW, bh);
 414		arrange();
 415	}
 416}
 417
 418void
 419configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 420	Client *c;
 421	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 422	XWindowChanges wc;
 423
 424	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 425		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 426			c->border = ev->border_width;
 427		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 428			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 429				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 430			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 431				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 432			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 433				c->w = ev->width;
 434			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 435				c->h = ev->height;
 436			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 437				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 438			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 439				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 440			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 441			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 442				configure(c);
 443			if(isvisible(c))
 444				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 445		}
 446		else
 447			configure(c);
 448	}
 449	else {
 450		wc.x = ev->x;
 451		wc.y = ev->y;
 452		wc.width = ev->width;
 453		wc.height = ev->height;
 454		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 455		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 456		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 457		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 458	}
 459	XSync(dpy, False);
 460}
 461
 462void
 463destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 464	Client *c;
 465	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 466
 467	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 468		unmanage(c);
 469}
 470
 471void
 472detach(Client *c) {
 473	if(c->prev)
 474		c->prev->next = c->next;
 475	if(c->next)
 476		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 477	if(c == clients)
 478		clients = c->next;
 479	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 480}
 481
 482void
 483detachstack(Client *c) {
 484	Client **tc;
 485
 486	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 487	*tc = c->snext;
 488}
 489
 490void
 491drawbar(void) {
 492	int i, x;
 493	Client *c;
 494
 495	dc.x = 0;
 496	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 497	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 498		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 499		if(seltags[i]) {
 500			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 501			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 502		}
 503		else {
 504			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 505			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 506		}
 507		dc.x += dc.w;
 508	}
 509	dc.w = blw;
 510	drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 511	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 512	dc.w = textw(stext);
 513	dc.x = BW - dc.w;
 514	if(dc.x < x) {
 515		dc.x = x;
 516		dc.w = BW - x;
 517	}
 518	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 519	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 520		dc.x = x;
 521		if(c) {
 522			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 523			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 524		}
 525		else
 526			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 527	}
 528	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, BW, bh, 0, 0);
 529	XSync(dpy, False);
 530}
 531
 532void
 533drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 534	int x;
 535	XGCValues gcv;
 536	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 537
 538	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 539	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 540	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 541	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 542	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 543	if(filled) {
 544		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 545		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 546	}
 547	else if(empty) {
 548		r.width = r.height = x;
 549		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 550	}
 551}
 552
 553void
 554drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 555	int x, y, w, h;
 556	unsigned int len, olen;
 557	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 558
 559	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 560	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 561	if(!text)
 562		return;
 563	w = 0;
 564	olen = len = strlen(text);
 565	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 566		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 567	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 568	buf[len] = 0;
 569	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 570	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 571	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 572	/* shorten text if necessary */
 573	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 574		buf[--len] = 0;
 575	if(len < olen) {
 576		if(len > 1)
 577			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 578		if(len > 2)
 579			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 580		if(len > 3)
 581			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 582	}
 583	if(w > dc.w)
 584		return; /* too long */
 585	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 586	if(dc.font.set)
 587		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 588	else
 589		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 590}
 591
 592void *
 593emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 594	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 595
 596	if(!res)
 597		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 598	return res;
 599}
 600
 601void
 602enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 603	Client *c;
 604	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 605
 606	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 607		return;
 608	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 609		focus(c);
 610	else
 611		focus(NULL);
 612}
 613
 614void
 615eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 616	va_list ap;
 617
 618	va_start(ap, errstr);
 619	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 620	va_end(ap);
 621	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 622}
 623
 624void
 625expose(XEvent *e) {
 626	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 627
 628	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 629		drawbar();
 630}
 631
 632void
 633floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 634	Client *c;
 635
 636	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 637		if(isvisible(c))
 638			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 639}
 640
 641void
 642focus(Client *c) {
 643	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 644		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 645	if(sel && sel != c) {
 646		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 647		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 648	}
 649	if(c) {
 650		detachstack(c);
 651		attachstack(c);
 652		grabbuttons(c, True);
 653	}
 654	sel = c;
 655	if(c) {
 656		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 657		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 658	}
 659	else
 660		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 661	drawbar();
 662}
 663
 664void
 665focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 666	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 667
 668	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 669		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 670}
 671
 672void
 673focusnext(const char *arg) {
 674	Client *c;
 675
 676	if(!sel)
 677		return;
 678	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 679	if(!c)
 680		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 681	if(c) {
 682		focus(c);
 683		restack();
 684	}
 685}
 686
 687void
 688focusprev(const char *arg) {
 689	Client *c;
 690
 691	if(!sel)
 692		return;
 693	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 694	if(!c) {
 695		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 696		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 697	}
 698	if(c) {
 699		focus(c);
 700		restack();
 701	}
 702}
 703
 704Client *
 705getclient(Window w) {
 706	Client *c;
 707
 708	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 709	return c;
 710}
 711
 712unsigned long
 713getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 714	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 715	XColor color;
 716
 717	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 718		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 719	return color.pixel;
 720}
 721
 722long
 723getstate(Window w) {
 724	int format, status;
 725	long result = -1;
 726	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 727	unsigned long n, extra;
 728	Atom real;
 729
 730	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 731			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 732	if(status != Success)
 733		return -1;
 734	if(n != 0)
 735		result = *p;
 736	XFree(p);
 737	return result;
 738}
 739
 740Bool
 741gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 742	char **list = NULL;
 743	int n;
 744	XTextProperty name;
 745
 746	if(!text || size == 0)
 747		return False;
 748	text[0] = '\0';
 749	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 750	if(!name.nitems)
 751		return False;
 752	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 753		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 754	else {
 755		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 756		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 757			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 758			XFreeStringList(list);
 759		}
 760	}
 761	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 762	XFree(name.value);
 763	return True;
 764}
 765
 766void
 767grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 768	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 769
 770	if(focused) {
 771		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 772				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 773		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 774				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 775		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 776				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 777		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 778				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 779
 780		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 781				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 782		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 783				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 784		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 785				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 786		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 787				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 788
 789		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 790				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 791		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 792				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 793		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 794				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 795		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 796				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 797	}
 798	else
 799		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 800				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 801}
 802
 803void
 804grabkeys(void)  {
 805	unsigned int i, j;
 806	KeyCode code;
 807	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 808
 809	/* init modifier map */
 810	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 811	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 812		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 813			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 814				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 815		}
 816	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 817
 818	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 819	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 820		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 821		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 822				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 823		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 824				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 825		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 826				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 827		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 828				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 829	}
 830}
 831
 832unsigned int
 833idxoftag(const char *t) {
 834	unsigned int i;
 835
 836	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 837	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 838}
 839
 840void
 841initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 842	char *def, **missing;
 843	int i, n;
 844
 845	missing = NULL;
 846	if(dc.font.set)
 847		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 848	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 849	if(missing) {
 850		while(n--)
 851			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 852		XFreeStringList(missing);
 853	}
 854	if(dc.font.set) {
 855		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 856		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 857		char **font_names;
 858		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 859		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 860		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 861		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 862			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 863				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 864			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 865				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 866			xfonts++;
 867		}
 868	}
 869	else {
 870		if(dc.font.xfont)
 871			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 872		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 873		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 874		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 875			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 876		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 877		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 878	}
 879	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 880}
 881
 882Bool
 883isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 884	Client *c;
 885
 886	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 887		if(c->tags[t])
 888			return True;
 889	return False;
 890}
 891
 892Bool
 893isprotodel(Client *c) {
 894	int i, n;
 895	Atom *protocols;
 896	Bool ret = False;
 897
 898	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 899		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 900			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 901				ret = True;
 902		XFree(protocols);
 903	}
 904	return ret;
 905}
 906
 907Bool
 908isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 909	Client *c;
 910
 911	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 912		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 913			return True;
 914	return False;
 915}
 916
 917Bool
 918isvisible(Client *c) {
 919	unsigned int i;
 920
 921	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 922		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 923			return True;
 924	return False;
 925}
 926
 927void
 928keypress(XEvent *e) {
 929	unsigned int i;
 930	KeySym keysym;
 931	XKeyEvent *ev;
 932
 933	ev = &e->xkey;
 934	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 935	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 936		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 937		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 938		{
 939			if(keys[i].func)
 940				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 941		}
 942}
 943
 944void
 945killclient(const char *arg) {
 946	XEvent ev;
 947
 948	if(!sel)
 949		return;
 950	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 951		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 952		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 953		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 954		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 955		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 956		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 957		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 958	}
 959	else
 960		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 961}
 962
 963void
 964manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 965	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 966	Status rettrans;
 967	Window trans;
 968	XWindowChanges wc;
 969
 970	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 971	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 972	c->win = w;
 973
 974	/* geometry */
 975	c->x = wa->x;
 976	c->y = wa->y;
 977	c->w = wa->width;
 978	c->h = wa->height;
 979	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 980	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 981		c->x = sx;
 982		c->y = sy;
 983		c->border = wa->border_width;
 984	}
 985	else {
 986		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > WX + WW)
 987			c->x = WX + WW - c->w - 2 * c->border;
 988		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > WY + WH)
 989			c->y = WY + WH - c->h - 2 * c->border;
 990		if(c->x < WX)
 991			c->x = WX;
 992		if(c->y < WY)
 993			c->y = WY;
 994		c->border = BORDERPX;
 995	}
 996
 997	wc.border_width = c->border;
 998	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 999	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1000	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1001	updatesizehints(c);
1002	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1003	grabbuttons(c, False);
1004	updatetitle(c);
1005	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1006		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1007	if(t)
1008		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1009	else
1010		applyrules(c);
1011	if(!c->isfloating)
1012		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1013	attach(c);
1014	attachstack(c);
1015	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1016	ban(c);
1017	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1018	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1019	arrange();
1020}
1021
1022void
1023mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1024	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1025
1026	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1027	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1028		grabkeys();
1029}
1030
1031void
1032maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1033	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1034	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1035
1036	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1037		return;
1038	if(wa.override_redirect)
1039		return;
1040	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1041		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1042}
1043
1044void
1045monocle(void) { 
1046	Client *c;
1047
1048	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1049		if(isvisible(c))
1050			resize(c, MOX, MOY, MOW, MOH, RESIZEHINTS);
1051}
1052
1053void
1054movemouse(Client *c) {
1055	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1056	unsigned int dui;
1057	Window dummy;
1058	XEvent ev;
1059
1060	ocx = nx = c->x;
1061	ocy = ny = c->y;
1062	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1063			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1064		return;
1065	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1066	for(;;) {
1067		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1068		switch (ev.type) {
1069		case ButtonRelease:
1070			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1071			return;
1072		case ConfigureRequest:
1073		case Expose:
1074		case MapRequest:
1075			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1076			break;
1077		case MotionNotify:
1078			XSync(dpy, False);
1079			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1080			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1081			if(abs(WX - nx) < SNAP)
1082				nx = WX;
1083			else if(abs((WX + WW) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1084				nx = WX + WW - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1085			if(abs(WY - ny) < SNAP)
1086				ny = WY;
1087			else if(abs((WY + WH) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1088				ny = WY + WH - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1089			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1090				togglefloating(NULL);
1091			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1092				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1093			break;
1094		}
1095	}
1096}
1097
1098Client *
1099nexttiled(Client *c) {
1100	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1101	return c;
1102}
1103
1104void
1105propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1106	Client *c;
1107	Window trans;
1108	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1109
1110	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1111		return; /* ignore */
1112	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1113		switch (ev->atom) {
1114		default: break;
1115		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1116			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1117			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1118				arrange();
1119			break;
1120		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1121			updatesizehints(c);
1122			break;
1123		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1124			updatewmhints(c);
1125			drawbar();
1126			break;
1127		}
1128		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1129			updatetitle(c);
1130			if(c == sel)
1131				drawbar();
1132		}
1133	}
1134}
1135
1136void
1137quit(const char *arg) {
1138	readin = running = False;
1139}
1140
1141void
1142reapply(const char *arg) {
1143	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1144	Client *c;
1145
1146	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1147		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1148		applyrules(c);
1149	}
1150	arrange();
1151}
1152
1153void
1154resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1155	XWindowChanges wc;
1156
1157	if(sizehints) {
1158		/* set minimum possible */
1159		if (w < 1)
1160			w = 1;
1161		if (h < 1)
1162			h = 1;
1163
1164		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1165		w -= c->basew;
1166		h -= c->baseh;
1167
1168		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1169		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1170			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1171				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1172			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1173				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1174		}
1175
1176		/* adjust for increment value */
1177		if(c->incw)
1178			w -= w % c->incw;
1179		if(c->inch)
1180			h -= h % c->inch;
1181
1182		/* restore base dimensions */
1183		w += c->basew;
1184		h += c->baseh;
1185
1186		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1187			w = c->minw;
1188		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1189			h = c->minh;
1190		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1191			w = c->maxw;
1192		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1193			h = c->maxh;
1194	}
1195	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1196		return;
1197	if(x > sx + sw)
1198		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1199	if(y > sy + sh)
1200		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1201	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1202		x = sx;
1203	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1204		y = sy;
1205	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1206		c->x = wc.x = x;
1207		c->y = wc.y = y;
1208		c->w = wc.width = w;
1209		c->h = wc.height = h;
1210		wc.border_width = c->border;
1211		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1212				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1213		configure(c);
1214		XSync(dpy, False);
1215	}
1216}
1217
1218void
1219resizemouse(Client *c) {
1220	int ocx, ocy;
1221	int nw, nh;
1222	XEvent ev;
1223
1224	ocx = c->x;
1225	ocy = c->y;
1226	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1227			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1228		return;
1229	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1230	for(;;) {
1231		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1232		switch(ev.type) {
1233		case ButtonRelease:
1234			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1235					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1236			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1237			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1238			return;
1239		case ConfigureRequest:
1240		case Expose:
1241		case MapRequest:
1242			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1243			break;
1244		case MotionNotify:
1245			XSync(dpy, False);
1246			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1247				nw = 1;
1248			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1249				nh = 1;
1250			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1251				togglefloating(NULL);
1252			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1253				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1254			break;
1255		}
1256	}
1257}
1258
1259void
1260restack(void) {
1261	Client *c;
1262	XEvent ev;
1263	XWindowChanges wc;
1264
1265	drawbar();
1266	if(!sel)
1267		return;
1268	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1269		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1270	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1271		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1272		wc.sibling = barwin;
1273		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1274			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1275			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1276		}
1277		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1278			if(c == sel)
1279				continue;
1280			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1281			wc.sibling = c->win;
1282		}
1283	}
1284	XSync(dpy, False);
1285	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1286}
1287
1288void
1289run(void) {
1290	char *p;
1291	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1292	fd_set rd;
1293	int r, xfd;
1294	unsigned int len, offset;
1295	XEvent ev;
1296
1297	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1298	XSync(dpy, False);
1299	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1300	readin = True;
1301	offset = 0;
1302	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1303	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1304	while(running) {
1305		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1306		if(readin)
1307			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1308		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1309		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1310			if(errno == EINTR)
1311				continue;
1312			eprint("select failed\n");
1313		}
1314		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1315			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1316			case -1:
1317				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1318				readin = False;
1319				break;
1320			case 0:
1321				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1322				readin = False;
1323				break;
1324			default:
1325				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1326					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1327						*p = '\0';
1328						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1329						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1330						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1331						offset = r;
1332						if(r)
1333							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1334						break;
1335					}
1336				break;
1337			}
1338			drawbar();
1339		}
1340		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1341			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1342			if(handler[ev.type])
1343				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1344		}
1345	}
1346}
1347
1348void
1349scan(void) {
1350	unsigned int i, num;
1351	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1352	XWindowAttributes wa;
1353
1354	wins = NULL;
1355	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1356		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1357			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1358					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1359				continue;
1360			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1361				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1362		}
1363		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1364			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1365				continue;
1366			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1367					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1368				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1369		}
1370	}
1371	if(wins)
1372		XFree(wins);
1373}
1374
1375void
1376setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1377	long data[] = {state, None};
1378
1379	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1380			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1381}
1382
1383void
1384setlayout(const char *arg) {
1385	static Layout *revert = 0;
1386	unsigned int i;
1387
1388	if(!arg)
1389		return;
1390	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1391		if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1392			break;
1393	if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1394		return;
1395	if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1396		lt = revert;
1397	else {
1398		revert = lt;
1399		lt = &layouts[i];
1400	}
1401	if(sel)
1402		arrange();
1403	else
1404		drawbar();
1405}
1406
1407void
1408setup(void) {
1409	unsigned int i;
1410	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1411
1412	/* init screen */
1413	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1414	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1415	sx = 0;
1416	sy = 0;
1417	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1418	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1419
1420	/* init atoms */
1421	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1422	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1423	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1424	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1425	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1426	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1427
1428	/* init cursors */
1429	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1430	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1431	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1432
1433	/* init appearance */
1434	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1435	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1436	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1437	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1438	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1439	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1440	initfont(FONT);
1441	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1442	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1443	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1444	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1445	if(!dc.font.set)
1446		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1447
1448	/* init tags */
1449	seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1450	prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1451	seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1452
1453	/* init layouts */
1454	lt = &layouts[0];
1455
1456	/* init bar */
1457	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1458		i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1459		if(i > blw)
1460			blw = i;
1461	}
1462
1463	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1464	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1465	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1466
1467	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, BX, BY, BW, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1468				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1469				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1470	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1471	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1472	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1473	drawbar();
1474
1475	/* EWMH support per view */
1476	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1477			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1478
1479	/* select for events */
1480	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1481			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1482	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1483	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1484
1485
1486	/* grab keys */
1487	grabkeys();
1488}
1489
1490void
1491spawn(const char *arg) {
1492	static char *shell = NULL;
1493
1494	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1495		shell = "/bin/sh";
1496	if(!arg)
1497		return;
1498	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1499	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1500	if(fork() == 0) {
1501		if(fork() == 0) {
1502			if(dpy)
1503				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1504			setsid();
1505			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1506			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1507			perror(" failed");
1508		}
1509		exit(0);
1510	}
1511	wait(0);
1512}
1513
1514void
1515tag(const char *arg) {
1516	unsigned int i;
1517
1518	if(!sel)
1519		return;
1520	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1521		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1522	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1523	arrange();
1524}
1525
1526unsigned int
1527textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1528	XRectangle r;
1529
1530	if(dc.font.set) {
1531		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1532		return r.width;
1533	}
1534	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1535}
1536
1537unsigned int
1538textw(const char *text) {
1539	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1540}
1541
1542void
1543tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1544	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1545	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1546		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1547		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1548}
1549
1550unsigned int
1551tilemaster(void) {
1552	unsigned int n;
1553	Client *c, *mc;
1554
1555	for(n = 0, mc = c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1556		n++;
1557	if(n == 0)
1558		return 0;
1559	if(n == 1)
1560		tileresize(mc, MOX, MOY, (MOW) - 2 * mc->border, (MOH) - 2 * mc->border);
1561	else
1562		tileresize(mc, MX, MY, (MW) - 2 * mc->border, (MH) - 2 * mc->border);
1563	return n - 1;
1564}
1565
1566void
1567tilevstack(unsigned int n) {
1568	int i, y, h;
1569	Client *c;
1570
1571	if(n == 0)
1572		return;
1573
1574	y = TY;
1575	h = (TH) / n;
1576	if(h < bh)
1577		h = TH;
1578
1579	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
1580		if(i > 0) {
1581			if(i > 1 && i == n) /* remainder */
1582				tileresize(c, TX, y, (TW) - 2 * c->border,
1583				              ((TY) + (TH)) - y - 2 * c->border);
1584			else
1585				tileresize(c, TX, y, (TW) - 2 * c->border,
1586				              h - 2 * c->border);
1587			if(h != TH)
1588				y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1589		}
1590}
1591
1592void
1593tile(void) {
1594	tilevstack(tilemaster());
1595}
1596
1597void
1598togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1599	if(!sel)
1600		return;
1601	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1602	if(sel->isfloating)
1603		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1604	arrange();
1605}
1606
1607void
1608toggletag(const char *arg) {
1609	unsigned int i, j;
1610
1611	if(!sel)
1612		return;
1613	i = idxoftag(arg);
1614	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1615	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1616	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1617		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1618	arrange();
1619}
1620
1621void
1622toggleview(const char *arg) {
1623	unsigned int i, j;
1624
1625	i = idxoftag(arg);
1626	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1627	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1628	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1629		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1630	arrange();
1631}
1632
1633void
1634unban(Client *c) {
1635	if(!c->isbanned)
1636		return;
1637	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1638	c->isbanned = False;
1639}
1640
1641void
1642unmanage(Client *c) {
1643	XWindowChanges wc;
1644
1645	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1646	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1647	XGrabServer(dpy);
1648	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1649	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1650	detach(c);
1651	detachstack(c);
1652	if(sel == c)
1653		focus(NULL);
1654	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1655	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1656	free(c->tags);
1657	free(c);
1658	XSync(dpy, False);
1659	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1660	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1661	arrange();
1662}
1663
1664void
1665unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1666	Client *c;
1667	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1668
1669	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1670		unmanage(c);
1671}
1672
1673void
1674updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1675	long msize;
1676	XSizeHints size;
1677
1678	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1679		size.flags = PSize;
1680	c->flags = size.flags;
1681	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1682		c->basew = size.base_width;
1683		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1684	}
1685	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1686		c->basew = size.min_width;
1687		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1688	}
1689	else
1690		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1691	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1692		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1693		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1694	}
1695	else
1696		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1697	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1698		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1699		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1700	}
1701	else
1702		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1703	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1704		c->minw = size.min_width;
1705		c->minh = size.min_height;
1706	}
1707	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1708		c->minw = size.base_width;
1709		c->minh = size.base_height;
1710	}
1711	else
1712		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1713	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1714		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1715		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1716		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1717		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1718	}
1719	else
1720		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1721	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1722			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1723}
1724
1725void
1726updatetitle(Client *c) {
1727	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1728		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1729}
1730
1731void
1732updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1733	XWMHints *wmh;
1734
1735	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1736		if(c == sel)
1737			sel->isurgent = False;
1738		else
1739			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1740		XFree(wmh);
1741	}
1742}
1743
1744
1745void
1746view(const char *arg) {
1747	unsigned int i;
1748
1749	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1750		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1751	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1752
1753	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1754		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1755		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1756		arrange();
1757	}
1758}
1759
1760void
1761viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1762
1763	memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1764	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1765	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1766	arrange();
1767}
1768
1769/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1770 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1771 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1772int
1773xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1774	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1775	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1776	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1777	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1778	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1779	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1780	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1781	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1782		return 0;
1783	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1784		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1785	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1786}
1787
1788int
1789xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1790	return 0;
1791}
1792
1793/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1794 * is already running. */
1795int
1796xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1797	otherwm = True;
1798	return -1;
1799}
1800
1801void
1802zoom(const char *arg) {
1803	Client *c = sel;
1804
1805	if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1806		return;
1807	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1808		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1809			return;
1810	detach(c);
1811	attach(c);
1812	focus(c);
1813	arrange();
1814}
1815
1816int
1817main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1818	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1819		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1820	else if(argc != 1)
1821		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1822
1823	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1824	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1825		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1826
1827	checkotherwm();
1828	setup();
1829	scan();
1830	run();
1831	cleanup();
1832
1833	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1834	return 0;
1835}