1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55
  56/* enums */
  57enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  58enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  59enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  60enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  61
  62/* typedefs */
  63typedef unsigned int uint;
  64typedef struct Client Client;
  65struct Client {
  66	char name[256];
  67	int x, y, w, h;
  68	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  69	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  70	long flags;
  71	uint bw, oldbw;
  72	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  73	uint tags;
  74	Client *next;
  75	Client *prev;
  76	Client *snext;
  77	Window win;
  78};
  79
  80typedef struct {
  81	int x, y, w, h;
  82	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  83	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  84	Drawable drawable;
  85	GC gc;
  86	struct {
  87		int ascent;
  88		int descent;
  89		int height;
  90		XFontSet set;
  91		XFontStruct *xfont;
  92	} font;
  93} DC; /* draw context */
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	unsigned long mod;
  97	KeySym keysym;
  98	void (*func)(const void *arg);
  99	const void *arg;
 100} Key;
 101
 102typedef struct {
 103	const char *symbol;
 104	void (*arrange)(void);
 105	void (*updategeom)(void);
 106} Layout;
 107
 108typedef struct {
 109	const char *class;
 110	const char *instance;
 111	const char *title;
 112	uint tags;
 113	Bool isfloating;
 114} Rule;
 115
 116/* function declarations */
 117void applyrules(Client *c);
 118void arrange(void);
 119void attach(Client *c);
 120void attachstack(Client *c);
 121void ban(Client *c);
 122void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 123void checkotherwm(void);
 124void cleanup(void);
 125void configure(Client *c);
 126void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 127void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 128void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 129void detach(Client *c);
 130void detachstack(Client *c);
 131void drawbar(void);
 132void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 133void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 134void *emallocz(uint size);
 135void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 136void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 137void expose(XEvent *e);
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusin(XEvent *e);
 140void focusnext(const void *arg);
 141void focusprev(const void *arg);
 142Client *getclient(Window w);
 143unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 144long getstate(Window w);
 145Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 146void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 147void grabkeys(void);
 148void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 149Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isurgent(uint t);
 152Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 153void keypress(XEvent *e);
 154void killclient(const void *arg);
 155void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 156void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 157void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 158void movemouse(Client *c);
 159Client *nextunfloating(Client *c);
 160void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 161void quit(const void *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setmfact(const void *arg);
 169void setup(void);
 170void spawn(const void *arg);
 171void tag(const void *arg);
 172uint textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 173uint textw(const char *text);
 174void tile(void);
 175void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 176void togglebar(const void *arg);
 177void togglefloating(const void *arg);
 178void togglelayout(const void *arg);
 179void toggletag(const void *arg);
 180void toggleview(const void *arg);
 181void unban(Client *c);
 182void unmanage(Client *c);
 183void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 184void updatebar(void);
 185void updategeom(void);
 186void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 187void updatetilegeom(void);
 188void updatetitle(Client *c);
 189void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 190void view(const void *arg);
 191void viewprevtag(const void *arg);
 192int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 193int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195void zoom(const void *arg);
 196
 197/* variables */
 198char stext[256];
 199int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 200int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 201int mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th;
 202uint seltags = 0;
 203int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 204uint numlockmask = 0;
 205void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 206	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 207	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 208	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 209	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 210	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 211	[Expose] = expose,
 212	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 213	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 214	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 215	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 216	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 217	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 218};
 219Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 220Bool otherwm, readin;
 221Bool running = True;
 222uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 223Client *clients = NULL;
 224Client *sel = NULL;
 225Client *stack = NULL;
 226Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227Display *dpy;
 228DC dc = {0};
 229Layout layouts[];
 230Layout *lt = layouts;
 231Window root, barwin;
 232
 233/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 234#include "config.h"
 235
 236/* check if all tags will fit into a uint bitarray. */
 237static char tags_is_a_sign_that_your_IQ[sizeof(int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1];
 238
 239/* function implementations */
 240
 241void
 242applyrules(Client *c) {
 243	uint i;
 244	Rule *r;
 245	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 246
 247	/* rule matching */
 248	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 249	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 250		r = &rules[i];
 251		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 252		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 253		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 254			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 255			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 256		}
 257	}
 258	if(ch.res_class)
 259		XFree(ch.res_class);
 260	if(ch.res_name)
 261		XFree(ch.res_name);
 262	if(!c->tags)
 263		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 264}
 265
 266void
 267arrange(void) {
 268	Client *c;
 269
 270	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 271		if(isvisible(c)) {
 272			unban(c);
 273			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 274				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 275		}
 276		else
 277			ban(c);
 278
 279	focus(NULL);
 280	if(lt->arrange)
 281		lt->arrange();
 282	restack();
 283}
 284
 285void
 286attach(Client *c) {
 287	if(clients)
 288		clients->prev = c;
 289	c->next = clients;
 290	clients = c;
 291}
 292
 293void
 294attachstack(Client *c) {
 295	c->snext = stack;
 296	stack = c;
 297}
 298
 299void
 300ban(Client *c) {
 301	if(c->isbanned)
 302		return;
 303	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 304	c->isbanned = True;
 305}
 306
 307void
 308buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 309	uint i, x, mask;
 310	Client *c;
 311	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 312
 313	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 314		x = 0;
 315		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 316			x += textw(tags[i]);
 317			if(ev->x < x) {
 318				mask = 1 << i;
 319				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 320					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 321						tag(&mask);
 322					else
 323						view(&mask);
 324				}
 325				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 326					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 327						toggletag(&mask);
 328					else
 329						toggleview(&mask);
 330				}
 331				return;
 332			}
 333		}
 334		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 335			togglelayout(NULL);
 336	}
 337	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 338		focus(c);
 339		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 340			return;
 341		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 342			restack();
 343			movemouse(c);
 344		}
 345		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 346			togglefloating(NULL);
 347		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 348			restack();
 349			resizemouse(c);
 350		}
 351	}
 352}
 353
 354void
 355checkotherwm(void) {
 356	otherwm = False;
 357	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 358
 359	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 360	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 361	XSync(dpy, False);
 362	if(otherwm)
 363		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 364	XSync(dpy, False);
 365	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 366	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 367	XSync(dpy, False);
 368}
 369
 370void
 371cleanup(void) {
 372	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 373	while(stack) {
 374		unban(stack);
 375		unmanage(stack);
 376	}
 377	if(dc.font.set)
 378		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 379	else
 380		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 381	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 382	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 383	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 384	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 385	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 386	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 387	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 388	XSync(dpy, False);
 389	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 390}
 391
 392void
 393configure(Client *c) {
 394	XConfigureEvent ce;
 395
 396	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 397	ce.display = dpy;
 398	ce.event = c->win;
 399	ce.window = c->win;
 400	ce.x = c->x;
 401	ce.y = c->y;
 402	ce.width = c->w;
 403	ce.height = c->h;
 404	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 405	ce.above = None;
 406	ce.override_redirect = False;
 407	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 408}
 409
 410void
 411configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 412	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 413
 414	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 415		sw = ev->width;
 416		sh = ev->height;
 417		updategeom();
 418		updatebar();
 419		arrange();
 420	}
 421}
 422
 423void
 424configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 425	Client *c;
 426	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 427	XWindowChanges wc;
 428
 429	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 430		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 431			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 432		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 433			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 434				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 435			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 436				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 437			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 438				c->w = ev->width;
 439			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 440				c->h = ev->height;
 441			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 442				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 443			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 444				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 445			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 446			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 447				configure(c);
 448			if(isvisible(c))
 449				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 450		}
 451		else
 452			configure(c);
 453	}
 454	else {
 455		wc.x = ev->x;
 456		wc.y = ev->y;
 457		wc.width = ev->width;
 458		wc.height = ev->height;
 459		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 460		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 461		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 462		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 463	}
 464	XSync(dpy, False);
 465}
 466
 467void
 468destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 469	Client *c;
 470	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 471
 472	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 473		unmanage(c);
 474}
 475
 476void
 477detach(Client *c) {
 478	if(c->prev)
 479		c->prev->next = c->next;
 480	if(c->next)
 481		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 482	if(c == clients)
 483		clients = c->next;
 484	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 485}
 486
 487void
 488detachstack(Client *c) {
 489	Client **tc;
 490
 491	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 492	*tc = c->snext;
 493}
 494
 495void
 496drawbar(void) {
 497	int i, x;
 498	Client *c;
 499
 500	dc.x = 0;
 501	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 502	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 503		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 504		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 505			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 506			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 507		}
 508		else {
 509			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 510			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 511		}
 512		dc.x += dc.w;
 513	}
 514	if(blw > 0) {
 515		dc.w = blw;
 516		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 517		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 518	}
 519	else
 520		x = dc.x;
 521	dc.w = textw(stext);
 522	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 523	if(dc.x < x) {
 524		dc.x = x;
 525		dc.w = bw - x;
 526	}
 527	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 528	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 529		dc.x = x;
 530		if(c) {
 531			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 532			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 533		}
 534		else
 535			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 536	}
 537	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 538	XSync(dpy, False);
 539}
 540
 541void
 542drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 543	int x;
 544	XGCValues gcv;
 545	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 546
 547	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 548	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 549	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 550	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 551	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 552	if(filled) {
 553		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 554		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 555	}
 556	else if(empty) {
 557		r.width = r.height = x;
 558		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 559	}
 560}
 561
 562void
 563drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 564	int x, y, w, h;
 565	uint len, olen;
 566	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 567	char buf[256];
 568
 569	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 570	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 571	if(!text)
 572		return;
 573	olen = strlen(text);
 574	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 575	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 576	w = 0;
 577	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 578	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 579	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 580	/* shorten text if necessary */
 581	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 582	if(!len)
 583		return;
 584	if(len < olen) {
 585		if(len > 1)
 586			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 587		if(len > 2)
 588			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 589		if(len > 3)
 590			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 591	}
 592	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 593	if(dc.font.set)
 594		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 595	else
 596		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 597}
 598
 599void *
 600emallocz(uint size) {
 601	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 602
 603	if(!res)
 604		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 605	return res;
 606}
 607
 608void
 609enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 610	Client *c;
 611	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 612
 613	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 614		return;
 615	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 616		focus(c);
 617	else
 618		focus(NULL);
 619}
 620
 621void
 622eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 623	va_list ap;
 624
 625	va_start(ap, errstr);
 626	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 627	va_end(ap);
 628	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 629}
 630
 631void
 632expose(XEvent *e) {
 633	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 634
 635	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 636		drawbar();
 637}
 638
 639void
 640focus(Client *c) {
 641	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 642		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 643	if(sel && sel != c) {
 644		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 645		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 646	}
 647	if(c) {
 648		detachstack(c);
 649		attachstack(c);
 650		grabbuttons(c, True);
 651	}
 652	sel = c;
 653	if(c) {
 654		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 655		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 656	}
 657	else
 658		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 659	drawbar();
 660}
 661
 662void
 663focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 664	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 665
 666	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 667		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 668}
 669
 670void
 671focusnext(const void *arg) {
 672	Client *c;
 673
 674	if(!sel)
 675		return;
 676	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 677	if(!c)
 678		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 679	if(c) {
 680		focus(c);
 681		restack();
 682	}
 683}
 684
 685void
 686focusprev(const void *arg) {
 687	Client *c;
 688
 689	if(!sel)
 690		return;
 691	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 692	if(!c) {
 693		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 694		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 695	}
 696	if(c) {
 697		focus(c);
 698		restack();
 699	}
 700}
 701
 702Client *
 703getclient(Window w) {
 704	Client *c;
 705
 706	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 707	return c;
 708}
 709
 710unsigned long
 711getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 712	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 713	XColor color;
 714
 715	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 716		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 717	return color.pixel;
 718}
 719
 720long
 721getstate(Window w) {
 722	int format, status;
 723	long result = -1;
 724	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 725	unsigned long n, extra;
 726	Atom real;
 727
 728	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 729			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 730	if(status != Success)
 731		return -1;
 732	if(n != 0)
 733		result = *p;
 734	XFree(p);
 735	return result;
 736}
 737
 738Bool
 739gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 740	char **list = NULL;
 741	int n;
 742	XTextProperty name;
 743
 744	if(!text || size == 0)
 745		return False;
 746	text[0] = '\0';
 747	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 748	if(!name.nitems)
 749		return False;
 750	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 751		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 752	else {
 753		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 754		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 755			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 756			XFreeStringList(list);
 757		}
 758	}
 759	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 760	XFree(name.value);
 761	return True;
 762}
 763
 764void
 765grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 766	int i, j;
 767	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 768	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 769				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 770
 771	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 772	if(focused)
 773		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 774			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 775				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 776					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 777	else
 778		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 779			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 780}
 781
 782void
 783grabkeys(void) {
 784	uint i, j;
 785	KeyCode code;
 786	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 787
 788	/* init modifier map */
 789	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 790	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 791		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 792			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 793				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 794		}
 795	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 796
 797	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 798	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 799		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 800		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 801				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 802		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 804		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 805				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 806		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 807				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 808	}
 809}
 810
 811void
 812initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 813	char *def, **missing;
 814	int i, n;
 815
 816	missing = NULL;
 817	if(dc.font.set)
 818		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 819	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 820	if(missing) {
 821		while(n--)
 822			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 823		XFreeStringList(missing);
 824	}
 825	if(dc.font.set) {
 826		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 827		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 828		char **font_names;
 829		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 830		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 831		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 832		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 833			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 834			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 835			xfonts++;
 836		}
 837	}
 838	else {
 839		if(dc.font.xfont)
 840			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 841		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 842		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 843		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 844			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 845		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 846		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 847	}
 848	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 849}
 850
 851Bool
 852isoccupied(uint t) {
 853	Client *c;
 854
 855	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 856		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 857			return True;
 858	return False;
 859}
 860
 861Bool
 862isprotodel(Client *c) {
 863	int i, n;
 864	Atom *protocols;
 865	Bool ret = False;
 866
 867	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 868		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 869			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 870				ret = True;
 871		XFree(protocols);
 872	}
 873	return ret;
 874}
 875
 876Bool
 877isurgent(uint t) {
 878	Client *c;
 879
 880	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 881		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 882			return True;
 883	return False;
 884}
 885
 886Bool
 887isvisible(Client *c) {
 888	return c->tags & tagset[seltags];
 889}
 890
 891void
 892keypress(XEvent *e) {
 893	uint i;
 894	KeySym keysym;
 895	XKeyEvent *ev;
 896
 897	ev = &e->xkey;
 898	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 899	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 900		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 901		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 902		{
 903			if(keys[i].func)
 904				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 905		}
 906}
 907
 908void
 909killclient(const void *arg) {
 910	XEvent ev;
 911
 912	if(!sel)
 913		return;
 914	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 915		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 916		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 917		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 918		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 919		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 920		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 921		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 922	}
 923	else
 924		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 925}
 926
 927void
 928manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 929	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 930	Status rettrans;
 931	Window trans;
 932	XWindowChanges wc;
 933
 934	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 935	c->win = w;
 936
 937	/* geometry */
 938	c->x = wa->x;
 939	c->y = wa->y;
 940	c->w = wa->width;
 941	c->h = wa->height;
 942	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 943	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 944		c->x = sx;
 945		c->y = sy;
 946		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 947	}
 948	else {
 949		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 950			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 951		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 952			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 953		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 954		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 955		c->bw = borderpx;
 956	}
 957
 958	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 959	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 960	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 961	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 962	updatesizehints(c);
 963	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 964	grabbuttons(c, False);
 965	updatetitle(c);
 966	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 967		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 968	if(t)
 969		c->tags = t->tags;
 970	else
 971		applyrules(c);
 972	if(!c->isfloating)
 973		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 974	attach(c);
 975	attachstack(c);
 976	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 977	ban(c);
 978	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 979	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 980	arrange();
 981}
 982
 983void
 984mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 985	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 986
 987	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 988	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 989		grabkeys();
 990}
 991
 992void
 993maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 994	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 995	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 996
 997	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 998		return;
 999	if(wa.override_redirect)
1000		return;
1001	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1002		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1003}
1004
1005void
1006movemouse(Client *c) {
1007	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1008	uint dui;
1009	Window dummy;
1010	XEvent ev;
1011
1012	ocx = nx = c->x;
1013	ocy = ny = c->y;
1014	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1015	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1016		return;
1017	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1018	for(;;) {
1019		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1020		switch (ev.type) {
1021		case ButtonRelease:
1022			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1023			return;
1024		case ConfigureRequest:
1025		case Expose:
1026		case MapRequest:
1027			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1028			break;
1029		case MotionNotify:
1030			XSync(dpy, False);
1031			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1032			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1033			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1034			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1035				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1036					nx = wx;
1037				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1038					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1039				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1040					ny = wy;
1041				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1042					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1043				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1044					togglefloating(NULL);
1045			}
1046			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1047				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1048			break;
1049		}
1050	}
1051}
1052
1053Client *
1054nextunfloating(Client *c) {
1055	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1056	return c;
1057}
1058
1059void
1060propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1061	Client *c;
1062	Window trans;
1063	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1064
1065	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1066		return; /* ignore */
1067	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1068		switch (ev->atom) {
1069		default: break;
1070		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1071			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1072			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1073				arrange();
1074			break;
1075		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1076			updatesizehints(c);
1077			break;
1078		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1079			updatewmhints(c);
1080			drawbar();
1081			break;
1082		}
1083		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1084			updatetitle(c);
1085			if(c == sel)
1086				drawbar();
1087		}
1088	}
1089}
1090
1091void
1092quit(const void *arg) {
1093	readin = running = False;
1094}
1095
1096void
1097resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1098	XWindowChanges wc;
1099
1100	if(sizehints) {
1101		/* set minimum possible */
1102		w = MAX(1, w);
1103		h = MAX(1, h);
1104
1105		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1106		w -= c->basew;
1107		h -= c->baseh;
1108
1109		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1110		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1111		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1112			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1113				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1114			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1115				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1116		}
1117
1118		/* adjust for increment value */
1119		if(c->incw)
1120			w -= w % c->incw;
1121		if(c->inch)
1122			h -= h % c->inch;
1123
1124		/* restore base dimensions */
1125		w += c->basew;
1126		h += c->baseh;
1127
1128		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1129		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1130		
1131		if (c->maxw)
1132			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1133
1134		if (c->maxh)
1135			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1136	}
1137	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1138		return;
1139	if(x > sx + sw)
1140		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1141	if(y > sy + sh)
1142		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1143	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1144		x = sx;
1145	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1146		y = sy;
1147	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1148		c->x = wc.x = x;
1149		c->y = wc.y = y;
1150		c->w = wc.width = w;
1151		c->h = wc.height = h;
1152		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1153		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1154				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1155		configure(c);
1156		XSync(dpy, False);
1157	}
1158}
1159
1160void
1161resizemouse(Client *c) {
1162	int ocx, ocy;
1163	int nw, nh;
1164	XEvent ev;
1165
1166	ocx = c->x;
1167	ocy = c->y;
1168	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1169	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1170		return;
1171	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1172	for(;;) {
1173		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1174		switch(ev.type) {
1175		case ButtonRelease:
1176			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1177					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1178			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1179			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1180			return;
1181		case ConfigureRequest:
1182		case Expose:
1183		case MapRequest:
1184			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1185			break;
1186		case MotionNotify:
1187			XSync(dpy, False);
1188			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1189			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1190
1191			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1192			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1193				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1194				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1195					togglefloating(NULL);
1196			}
1197			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1198				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1199			break;
1200		}
1201	}
1202}
1203
1204void
1205restack(void) {
1206	Client *c;
1207	XEvent ev;
1208	XWindowChanges wc;
1209
1210	drawbar();
1211	if(!sel)
1212		return;
1213	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1214		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1215	if(lt->arrange) {
1216		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1217		wc.sibling = barwin;
1218		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1219			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c)) {
1220				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1221				wc.sibling = c->win;
1222			}
1223	}
1224	XSync(dpy, False);
1225	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1226}
1227
1228void
1229run(void) {
1230	char *p;
1231	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1232	fd_set rd;
1233	int r, xfd;
1234	uint len, offset;
1235	XEvent ev;
1236
1237	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1238	XSync(dpy, False);
1239	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1240	readin = True;
1241	offset = 0;
1242	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1243	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1244	while(running) {
1245		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1246		if(readin)
1247			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1248		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1249		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1250			if(errno == EINTR)
1251				continue;
1252			eprint("select failed\n");
1253		}
1254		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1255			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1256			case -1:
1257				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1258				readin = False;
1259				break;
1260			case 0:
1261				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1262				readin = False;
1263				break;
1264			default:
1265				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1266					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1267						*p = '\0';
1268						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1269						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1270						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1271						offset = r;
1272						if(r)
1273							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1274						break;
1275					}
1276				break;
1277			}
1278			drawbar();
1279		}
1280		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1281			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1282			if(handler[ev.type])
1283				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1284		}
1285	}
1286}
1287
1288void
1289scan(void) {
1290	uint i, num;
1291	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1292	XWindowAttributes wa;
1293
1294	wins = NULL;
1295	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1296		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1297			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1298			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1299				continue;
1300			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1301				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1302		}
1303		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1304			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1305				continue;
1306			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1307			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1308				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1309		}
1310	}
1311	if(wins)
1312		XFree(wins);
1313}
1314
1315void
1316setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1317	long data[] = {state, None};
1318
1319	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1320			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1321}
1322
1323/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1324void
1325setmfact(const void *arg) {
1326	double d = *((double*) arg);
1327
1328	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1329		return;
1330	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1331	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1332		return;
1333	mfact = d;
1334	updatetilegeom();
1335	arrange();
1336}
1337
1338void
1339setup(void) {
1340	uint i, w;
1341	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1342
1343	/* init screen */
1344	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1345	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1346	initfont(FONT);
1347	sx = 0;
1348	sy = 0;
1349	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1350	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1351	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1352	updategeom();
1353
1354	/* init atoms */
1355	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1356	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1357	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1358	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1359	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1360	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1361
1362	/* init cursors */
1363	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1364	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1365	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1366
1367	/* init appearance */
1368	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1369	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1370	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1371	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1372	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1373	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1374	initfont(FONT);
1375	dc.h = bh;
1376	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1377	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1378	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1379	if(!dc.font.set)
1380		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1381
1382	/* init bar */
1383	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1384		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1385		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1386	}
1387
1388	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1389	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1390	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1391
1392	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1393			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1394			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1395	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1396	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1397	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1398	drawbar();
1399
1400	/* EWMH support per view */
1401	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1402			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1403
1404	/* select for events */
1405	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1406			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1407	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1408	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1409
1410
1411	/* grab keys */
1412	grabkeys();
1413}
1414
1415void
1416spawn(const void *arg) {
1417	static char *shell = NULL;
1418
1419	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1420		shell = "/bin/sh";
1421	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1422	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1423	if(fork() == 0) {
1424		if(fork() == 0) {
1425			if(dpy)
1426				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1427			setsid();
1428			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1429			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1430			perror(" failed");
1431		}
1432		exit(0);
1433	}
1434	wait(0);
1435}
1436
1437void
1438tag(const void *arg) {
1439	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1440		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1441		arrange();
1442	}
1443}
1444
1445uint
1446textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1447	XRectangle r;
1448
1449	if(dc.font.set) {
1450		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1451		return r.width;
1452	}
1453	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1454}
1455
1456uint
1457textw(const char *text) {
1458	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1459}
1460
1461void
1462tile(void) {
1463	int x, y, h, w;
1464	uint i, n;
1465	Client *c;
1466
1467	for(n = 0, c = nextunfloating(clients); c; c = nextunfloating(c->next), n++);
1468	if(n == 0)
1469		return;
1470
1471	/* master */
1472	c = nextunfloating(clients);
1473
1474	if(n == 1)
1475		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1476	else
1477		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1478
1479	if(--n == 0)
1480		return;
1481
1482	/* tile stack */
1483	x = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : tw;
1484	y = ty;
1485	w = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : tw;
1486	h = th / n;
1487	if(h < bh)
1488		h = th;
1489
1490	for(i = 0, c = nextunfloating(c->next); c; c = nextunfloating(c->next), i++) {
1491		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1492			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1493		else
1494			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1495		if(h != th)
1496			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1497	}
1498}
1499
1500void
1501tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1502	resize(c, x, y, w, h, resizehints);
1503	if(resizehints && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1504		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1505		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1506}
1507
1508void
1509togglebar(const void *arg) {
1510	showbar = !showbar;
1511	updategeom();
1512	updatebar();
1513	arrange();
1514}
1515
1516void
1517togglefloating(const void *arg) {
1518	if(!sel)
1519		return;
1520	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1521	if(sel->isfloating)
1522		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1523	arrange();
1524}
1525
1526void
1527togglelayout(const void *arg) {
1528	uint i;
1529
1530	if(!arg) {
1531		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1532			lt = &layouts[0];
1533	}
1534	else {
1535		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1536			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1537				break;
1538		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1539			return;
1540		lt = &layouts[i];
1541	}
1542	if(sel)
1543		arrange();
1544	else
1545		drawbar();
1546}
1547
1548void
1549toggletag(const void *arg) {
1550	int i, m = *(int *)arg;
1551	for(i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++)
1552		fputc(m & 1 << i ? '1' : '0', stdout);
1553	puts("");
1554	for(i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++)
1555		fputc(TAGMASK & 1 << i ? '1' : '0', stdout);
1556	puts("aaa");
1557
1558	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1559		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1560		arrange();
1561	}
1562}
1563
1564void
1565toggleview(const void *arg) {
1566	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1567		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1568		arrange();
1569	}
1570}
1571
1572void
1573unban(Client *c) {
1574	if(!c->isbanned)
1575		return;
1576	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1577	c->isbanned = False;
1578}
1579
1580void
1581unmanage(Client *c) {
1582	XWindowChanges wc;
1583
1584	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1585	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1586	XGrabServer(dpy);
1587	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1588	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1589	detach(c);
1590	detachstack(c);
1591	if(sel == c)
1592		focus(NULL);
1593	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1594	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1595	free(c);
1596	XSync(dpy, False);
1597	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1598	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1599	arrange();
1600}
1601
1602void
1603unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1604	Client *c;
1605	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1606
1607	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1608		unmanage(c);
1609}
1610
1611void
1612updatebar(void) {
1613	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1614		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1615	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1616	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1617}
1618
1619void
1620updategeom(void) {
1621	int i;
1622#ifdef XINERAMA
1623	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1624
1625	/* window area geometry */
1626	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1627		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1628		wx = info[0].x_org;
1629		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1630		ww = info[0].width;
1631		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1632		XFree(info);
1633	}
1634	else
1635#endif
1636	{
1637		wx = sx;
1638		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1639		ww = sw;
1640		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1641	}
1642
1643	/* bar geometry */
1644	bx = wx;
1645	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1646	bw = ww;
1647
1648	/* update layout geometries */
1649	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1650		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1651			layouts[i].updategeom();
1652}
1653
1654void
1655updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1656	long msize;
1657	XSizeHints size;
1658
1659	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1660		size.flags = PSize;
1661	c->flags = size.flags;
1662	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1663		c->basew = size.base_width;
1664		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1665	}
1666	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1667		c->basew = size.min_width;
1668		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1669	}
1670	else
1671		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1672	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1673		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1674		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1675	}
1676	else
1677		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1678	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1679		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1680		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1681	}
1682	else
1683		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1684	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1685		c->minw = size.min_width;
1686		c->minh = size.min_height;
1687	}
1688	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1689		c->minw = size.base_width;
1690		c->minh = size.base_height;
1691	}
1692	else
1693		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1694	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1695		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1696		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1697		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1698		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1699	}
1700	else
1701		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1702	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1703			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1704}
1705
1706void
1707updatetilegeom(void) {
1708	/* master area geometry */
1709	mx = wx;
1710	my = wy;
1711	mw = mfact * ww;
1712	mh = wh;
1713
1714	/* tile area geometry */
1715	tx = mx + mw;
1716	ty = wy;
1717	tw = ww - mw;
1718	th = wh;
1719}
1720
1721void
1722updatetitle(Client *c) {
1723	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1724		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1725}
1726
1727void
1728updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1729	XWMHints *wmh;
1730
1731	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1732		if(c == sel)
1733			sel->isurgent = False;
1734		else
1735			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1736		XFree(wmh);
1737	}
1738}
1739
1740void
1741view(const void *arg) {
1742	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1743		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1744		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1745		arrange();
1746	}
1747}
1748
1749void
1750viewprevtag(const void *arg) {
1751	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1752	arrange();
1753}
1754
1755/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1756 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1757 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1758int
1759xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1760	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1761	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1762	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1763	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1764	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1765	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1766	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1767	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1768	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1769		return 0;
1770	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1771			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1772	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1773}
1774
1775int
1776xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1777	return 0;
1778}
1779
1780/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1781 * is already running. */
1782int
1783xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1784	otherwm = True;
1785	return -1;
1786}
1787
1788void
1789zoom(const void *arg) {
1790	Client *c = sel;
1791
1792	if(c == nextunfloating(clients))
1793		if(!c || !(c = nextunfloating(c->next)))
1794			return;
1795	if(lt->arrange == tile && !sel->isfloating) {
1796		detach(c);
1797		attach(c);
1798		focus(c);
1799	}
1800	arrange();
1801}
1802
1803int
1804main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1805	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1806		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1807	else if(argc != 1)
1808		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1809
1810	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1811	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1812		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1813
1814	checkotherwm();
1815	setup();
1816	scan();
1817	run();
1818	cleanup();
1819
1820	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1821	return 0;
1822}