1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define MAX(a, b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
  45#define MIN(a, b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
  46#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  47#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  48#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  50#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  51#define DEFGEOM(GEONAME,BX,BY,BW,WX,WY,WW,WH,MX,MY,MW,MH,TX,TY,TW,TH,MOX,MOY,MOW,MOH) \
  52void GEONAME(void) { \
  53	bx = (BX); by = (BY); bw = (BW); \
  54	wx = (WX); wy = (WY); ww = (WW); wh = (WH); \
  55	mx = (MX); my = (MY); mw = (MW); mh = (MH); \
  56	tx = (TX); ty = (TY); tw = (TW); th = (TH); \
  57	mox = (MOX); moy = (MOY); mow = (MOW); moh = (MOH); \
  58}
  59
  60/* enums */
  61enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  62enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  63enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  64enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  65
  66/* typedefs */
  67typedef struct Client Client;
  68struct Client {
  69	char name[256];
  70	int x, y, w, h;
  71	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  72	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  73	long flags;
  74	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  75	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  76	Bool *tags;
  77	Client *next;
  78	Client *prev;
  79	Client *snext;
  80	Window win;
  81};
  82
  83typedef struct {
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  86	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  87	Drawable drawable;
  88	GC gc;
  89	struct {
  90		int ascent;
  91		int descent;
  92		int height;
  93		XFontSet set;
  94		XFontStruct *xfont;
  95	} font;
  96} DC; /* draw context */
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*apply)(void);
 101} Geom;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	unsigned long mod;
 105	KeySym keysym;
 106	void (*func)(const char *arg);
 107	const char *arg;
 108} Key;
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	const char *symbol;
 112	void (*arrange)(void);
 113	Bool isfloating;
 114} Layout; 
 115
 116typedef struct {
 117	const char *class;
 118	const char *instance;
 119	const char *title;
 120	const char *tag;
 121	Bool isfloating;
 122} Rule;
 123
 124/* function declarations */
 125void applyrules(Client *c);
 126void arrange(void);
 127void attach(Client *c);
 128void attachstack(Client *c);
 129void ban(Client *c);
 130void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 131void checkotherwm(void);
 132void cleanup(void);
 133void configure(Client *c);
 134void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 135void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 136unsigned int counttiled(void);
 137void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 138void detach(Client *c);
 139void detachstack(Client *c);
 140void drawbar(void);
 141void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 142void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 143void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 144void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 145void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 146void expose(XEvent *e);
 147void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 148void focus(Client *c);
 149void focusin(XEvent *e);
 150void focusnext(const char *arg);
 151void focusprev(const char *arg);
 152Client *getclient(Window w);
 153unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 154long getstate(Window w);
 155Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 156void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 157void grabkeys(void);
 158unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 159void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 160Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 161Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 162Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 163Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 164void keypress(XEvent *e);
 165void killclient(const char *arg);
 166void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 167void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 168void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 169void monocle(void);
 170void movemouse(Client *c);
 171Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 172void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 173void quit(const char *arg);
 174void reapply(const char *arg);
 175void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 176void resizemouse(Client *c);
 177void restack(void);
 178void run(void);
 179void scan(void);
 180void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 181void setgeom(const char *arg);
 182void setlayout(const char *arg);
 183void setmfact(const char *arg);
 184void setup(void);
 185void spawn(const char *arg);
 186void tag(const char *arg);
 187unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 188unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 189void tileh(void);
 190void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 191Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 192void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 193void tilev(void);
 194void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 195void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 196void toggletag(const char *arg);
 197void toggleview(const char *arg);
 198void unban(Client *c);
 199void unmanage(Client *c);
 200void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 201void updatebarpos(void);
 202void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 203void updatetitle(Client *c);
 204void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 205void view(const char *arg);
 206void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 207int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 208int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 209int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 210void zoom(const char *arg);
 211
 212/* variables */
 213char stext[256], buf[256];
 214int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 215int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 216int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, bgw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 217int viewtags_set = 0;
 218double mfact;
 219unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 220void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 221	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 222	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 223	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 224	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 225	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 226	[Expose] = expose,
 227	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 228	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 229	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 230	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 231	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 232	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 233};
 234Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 235Bool otherwm, readin;
 236Bool running = True;
 237Bool *seltags;
 238Bool *viewtags[2];
 239Client *clients = NULL;
 240Client *sel = NULL;
 241Client *stack = NULL;
 242Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 243Display *dpy;
 244DC dc = {0};
 245Window root, barwin;
 246
 247/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 248#include "config.h"
 249#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 250Layout *lt = layouts;
 251Geom *geom = geoms;
 252
 253/* function implementations */
 254
 255void
 256applyrules(Client *c) {
 257	unsigned int i;
 258	Bool matched = False;
 259	Rule *r;
 260	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 261
 262	/* rule matching */
 263	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 264	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 265		r = &rules[i];
 266		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 267		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 268		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 269			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 270			if(r->tag) {
 271				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 272				matched = True;
 273			}
 274		}
 275	}
 276	if(ch.res_class)
 277		XFree(ch.res_class);
 278	if(ch.res_name)
 279		XFree(ch.res_name);
 280	if(!matched)
 281		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 282}
 283
 284void
 285arrange(void) {
 286	Client *c;
 287
 288	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 289		if(isvisible(c))
 290			unban(c);
 291		else
 292			ban(c);
 293
 294	focus(NULL);
 295	lt->arrange();
 296	restack();
 297}
 298
 299void
 300attach(Client *c) {
 301	if(clients)
 302		clients->prev = c;
 303	c->next = clients;
 304	clients = c;
 305}
 306
 307void
 308attachstack(Client *c) {
 309	c->snext = stack;
 310	stack = c;
 311}
 312
 313void
 314ban(Client *c) {
 315	if(c->isbanned)
 316		return;
 317	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 318	c->isbanned = True;
 319}
 320
 321void
 322buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 323	unsigned int i, x;
 324	Client *c;
 325	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 326
 327	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 328		if((ev->x < bgw) && ev->button == Button1) {
 329			setgeom(NULL);
 330			return;
 331		}
 332		x = bgw;
 333		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 334			x += textw(tags[i]);
 335			if(ev->x >= bgw && ev->x < x) {
 336				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 337					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 338						tag(tags[i]);
 339					else
 340						view(tags[i]);
 341				}
 342				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 343					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 344						toggletag(tags[i]);
 345					else
 346						toggleview(tags[i]);
 347				}
 348				return;
 349			}
 350		}
 351		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 352			setlayout(NULL);
 353	}
 354	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 355		focus(c);
 356		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 357			return;
 358		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 359			restack();
 360			movemouse(c);
 361		}
 362		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 363			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 364				togglefloating(NULL);
 365			else
 366				zoom(NULL);
 367		}
 368		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 369			restack();
 370			resizemouse(c);
 371		}
 372	}
 373}
 374
 375void
 376checkotherwm(void) {
 377	otherwm = False;
 378	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 379
 380	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 381	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 382	XSync(dpy, False);
 383	if(otherwm)
 384		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 385	XSync(dpy, False);
 386	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 387	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 388	XSync(dpy, False);
 389}
 390
 391void
 392cleanup(void) {
 393	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 394	while(stack) {
 395		unban(stack);
 396		unmanage(stack);
 397	}
 398	if(dc.font.set)
 399		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 400	else
 401		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 402	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 403	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 404	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 405	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 406	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 407	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 408	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 409	XSync(dpy, False);
 410	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 411}
 412
 413void
 414configure(Client *c) {
 415	XConfigureEvent ce;
 416
 417	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 418	ce.display = dpy;
 419	ce.event = c->win;
 420	ce.window = c->win;
 421	ce.x = c->x;
 422	ce.y = c->y;
 423	ce.width = c->w;
 424	ce.height = c->h;
 425	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 426	ce.above = None;
 427	ce.override_redirect = False;
 428	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 429}
 430
 431void
 432configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 433	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 434
 435	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 436		sw = ev->width;
 437		sh = ev->height;
 438		setgeom(geom->symbol);
 439	}
 440}
 441
 442void
 443configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 444	Client *c;
 445	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 446	XWindowChanges wc;
 447
 448	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 449		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 450			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 451		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 452			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 453				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 454			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 455				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 456			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 457				c->w = ev->width;
 458			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 459				c->h = ev->height;
 460			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 461				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 462			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 463				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 464			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 465			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 466				configure(c);
 467			if(isvisible(c))
 468				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 469		}
 470		else
 471			configure(c);
 472	}
 473	else {
 474		wc.x = ev->x;
 475		wc.y = ev->y;
 476		wc.width = ev->width;
 477		wc.height = ev->height;
 478		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 479		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 480		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 481		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 482	}
 483	XSync(dpy, False);
 484}
 485
 486unsigned int
 487counttiled(void) {
 488	unsigned int n;
 489	Client *c;
 490
 491	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 492	return n;
 493}
 494
 495void
 496destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 497	Client *c;
 498	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 499
 500	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 501		unmanage(c);
 502}
 503
 504void
 505detach(Client *c) {
 506	if(c->prev)
 507		c->prev->next = c->next;
 508	if(c->next)
 509		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 510	if(c == clients)
 511		clients = c->next;
 512	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 513}
 514
 515void
 516detachstack(Client *c) {
 517	Client **tc;
 518
 519	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 520	*tc = c->snext;
 521}
 522
 523void
 524drawbar(void) {
 525	int i, x;
 526	Client *c;
 527
 528	dc.x = 0;
 529	if(bgw > 0) {
 530		dc.w = bgw;
 531		drawtext(geom->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 532		dc.x += bgw;
 533	}
 534	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 535	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 536		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 537		if(seltags[i]) {
 538			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 539			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 540		}
 541		else {
 542			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 543			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 544		}
 545		dc.x += dc.w;
 546	}
 547	if(blw > 0) {
 548		dc.w = blw;
 549		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 550		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 551	}
 552	else
 553		x = dc.x;
 554	dc.w = textw(stext);
 555	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 556	if(dc.x < x) {
 557		dc.x = x;
 558		dc.w = bw - x;
 559	}
 560	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 561	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 562		dc.x = x;
 563		if(c) {
 564			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 565			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 566		}
 567		else
 568			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 569	}
 570	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 571	XSync(dpy, False);
 572}
 573
 574void
 575drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 576	int x;
 577	XGCValues gcv;
 578	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 579
 580	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 581	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 582	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 583	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 584	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 585	if(filled) {
 586		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 587		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 588	}
 589	else if(empty) {
 590		r.width = r.height = x;
 591		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 592	}
 593}
 594
 595void
 596drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 597	int x, y, w, h;
 598	unsigned int len, olen;
 599	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 600
 601	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 602	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 603	if(!text)
 604		return;
 605	w = 0;
 606	olen = strlen(text);
 607	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf - 1);
 608	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 609	buf[len] = 0;
 610	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 611	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 612	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 613	/* shorten text if necessary */
 614	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 615		buf[--len] = 0;
 616	if(len < olen) {
 617		if(len > 1)
 618			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 619		if(len > 2)
 620			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 621		if(len > 3)
 622			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 623	}
 624	if(w > dc.w)
 625		return; /* too long */
 626	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 627	if(dc.font.set)
 628		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 629	else
 630		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 631}
 632
 633void *
 634emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 635	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 636
 637	if(!res)
 638		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 639	return res;
 640}
 641
 642void
 643enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 644	Client *c;
 645	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 646
 647	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 648		return;
 649	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 650		focus(c);
 651	else
 652		focus(NULL);
 653}
 654
 655void
 656eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 657	va_list ap;
 658
 659	va_start(ap, errstr);
 660	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 661	va_end(ap);
 662	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 663}
 664
 665void
 666expose(XEvent *e) {
 667	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 668
 669	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 670		drawbar();
 671}
 672
 673void
 674floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 675	Client *c;
 676
 677	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 678		if(isvisible(c))
 679			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 680}
 681
 682void
 683focus(Client *c) {
 684	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 685		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 686	if(sel && sel != c) {
 687		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 688		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 689	}
 690	if(c) {
 691		detachstack(c);
 692		attachstack(c);
 693		grabbuttons(c, True);
 694	}
 695	sel = c;
 696	if(c) {
 697		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 698		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 699	}
 700	else
 701		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 702	drawbar();
 703}
 704
 705void
 706focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 707	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 708
 709	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 710		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 711}
 712
 713void
 714focusnext(const char *arg) {
 715	Client *c;
 716
 717	if(!sel)
 718		return;
 719	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 720	if(!c)
 721		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 722	if(c) {
 723		focus(c);
 724		restack();
 725	}
 726}
 727
 728void
 729focusprev(const char *arg) {
 730	Client *c;
 731
 732	if(!sel)
 733		return;
 734	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 735	if(!c) {
 736		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 737		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 738	}
 739	if(c) {
 740		focus(c);
 741		restack();
 742	}
 743}
 744
 745Client *
 746getclient(Window w) {
 747	Client *c;
 748
 749	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 750	return c;
 751}
 752
 753unsigned long
 754getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 755	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 756	XColor color;
 757
 758	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 759		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 760	return color.pixel;
 761}
 762
 763long
 764getstate(Window w) {
 765	int format, status;
 766	long result = -1;
 767	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 768	unsigned long n, extra;
 769	Atom real;
 770
 771	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 772			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 773	if(status != Success)
 774		return -1;
 775	if(n != 0)
 776		result = *p;
 777	XFree(p);
 778	return result;
 779}
 780
 781Bool
 782gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 783	char **list = NULL;
 784	int n;
 785	XTextProperty name;
 786
 787	if(!text || size == 0)
 788		return False;
 789	text[0] = '\0';
 790	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 791	if(!name.nitems)
 792		return False;
 793	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 794		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 795	else {
 796		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 797		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 798			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 799			XFreeStringList(list);
 800		}
 801	}
 802	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 803	XFree(name.value);
 804	return True;
 805}
 806
 807void
 808grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 809	int i, j;
 810	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 811	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 812	                             MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 813
 814	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 815	if(focused)
 816		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 817			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 818				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 819				            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 820	else
 821		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 822		            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 823}
 824
 825void
 826grabkeys(void)  {
 827	unsigned int i, j;
 828	KeyCode code;
 829	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 830
 831	/* init modifier map */
 832	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 833	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 834		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 835			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 836				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 837		}
 838	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 839
 840	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 841	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 842		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 843		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 844				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 845		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 846				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 847		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 848				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 849		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 850				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 851	}
 852}
 853
 854unsigned int
 855idxoftag(const char *t) {
 856	unsigned int i;
 857
 858	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 859	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 860}
 861
 862void
 863initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 864	char *def, **missing;
 865	int i, n;
 866
 867	missing = NULL;
 868	if(dc.font.set)
 869		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 870	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 871	if(missing) {
 872		while(n--)
 873			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 874		XFreeStringList(missing);
 875	}
 876	if(dc.font.set) {
 877		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 878		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 879		char **font_names;
 880		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 881		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 882		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 883		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 884			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 885			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 886			xfonts++;
 887		}
 888	}
 889	else {
 890		if(dc.font.xfont)
 891			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 892		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 893		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 894		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 895			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 896		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 897		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 898	}
 899	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 900}
 901
 902Bool
 903isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 904	Client *c;
 905
 906	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 907		if(c->tags[t])
 908			return True;
 909	return False;
 910}
 911
 912Bool
 913isprotodel(Client *c) {
 914	int i, n;
 915	Atom *protocols;
 916	Bool ret = False;
 917
 918	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 919		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 920			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 921				ret = True;
 922		XFree(protocols);
 923	}
 924	return ret;
 925}
 926
 927Bool
 928isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 929	Client *c;
 930
 931	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 932		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 933			return True;
 934	return False;
 935}
 936
 937Bool
 938isvisible(Client *c) {
 939	unsigned int i;
 940
 941	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 942		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 943			return True;
 944	return False;
 945}
 946
 947void
 948keypress(XEvent *e) {
 949	unsigned int i;
 950	KeySym keysym;
 951	XKeyEvent *ev;
 952
 953	ev = &e->xkey;
 954	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 955	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 956		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 957		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 958		{
 959			if(keys[i].func)
 960				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 961		}
 962}
 963
 964void
 965killclient(const char *arg) {
 966	XEvent ev;
 967
 968	if(!sel)
 969		return;
 970	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 971		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 972		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 973		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 974		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 975		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 976		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 977		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 978	}
 979	else
 980		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 981}
 982
 983void
 984manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 985	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 986	Status rettrans;
 987	Window trans;
 988	XWindowChanges wc;
 989
 990	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 991	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 992	c->win = w;
 993
 994	/* geometry */
 995	c->x = wa->x;
 996	c->y = wa->y;
 997	c->w = wa->width;
 998	c->h = wa->height;
 999	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1000	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1001		c->x = sx;
1002		c->y = sy;
1003		c->bw = wa->border_width;
1004	}
1005	else {
1006		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
1007			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1008		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
1009			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1010		c->x = MAX(c->x, wx);
1011		c->y = MAX(c->y, wy);
1012		c->bw = BORDERPX;
1013	}
1014
1015	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1016	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1017	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1018	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1019	updatesizehints(c);
1020	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1021	grabbuttons(c, False);
1022	updatetitle(c);
1023	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1024		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1025	if(t)
1026		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1027	else
1028		applyrules(c);
1029	if(!c->isfloating)
1030		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1031	attach(c);
1032	attachstack(c);
1033	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1034	ban(c);
1035	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1036	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1037	arrange();
1038}
1039
1040void
1041mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1042	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1043
1044	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1045	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1046		grabkeys();
1047}
1048
1049void
1050maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1051	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1052	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1053
1054	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1055		return;
1056	if(wa.override_redirect)
1057		return;
1058	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1059		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1060}
1061
1062void
1063monocle(void) {
1064	Client *c;
1065
1066	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1067		if((lt->isfloating || !c->isfloating) &&  isvisible(c))
1068			resize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1069}
1070
1071void
1072movemouse(Client *c) {
1073	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1074	unsigned int dui;
1075	Window dummy;
1076	XEvent ev;
1077
1078	ocx = nx = c->x;
1079	ocy = ny = c->y;
1080	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1081			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1082		return;
1083	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1084	for(;;) {
1085		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1086		switch (ev.type) {
1087		case ButtonRelease:
1088			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1089			return;
1090		case ConfigureRequest:
1091		case Expose:
1092		case MapRequest:
1093			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1094			break;
1095		case MotionNotify:
1096			XSync(dpy, False);
1097			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1098			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1099			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1100				nx = wx;
1101			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1102				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1103			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1104				ny = wy;
1105			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1106				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1107			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1108				togglefloating(NULL);
1109			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1110				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1111			break;
1112		}
1113	}
1114}
1115
1116Client *
1117nexttiled(Client *c) {
1118	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1119	return c;
1120}
1121
1122void
1123propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1124	Client *c;
1125	Window trans;
1126	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1127
1128	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1129		return; /* ignore */
1130	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1131		switch (ev->atom) {
1132		default: break;
1133		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1134			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1135			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1136				arrange();
1137			break;
1138		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1139			updatesizehints(c);
1140			break;
1141		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1142			updatewmhints(c);
1143			drawbar();
1144			break;
1145		}
1146		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1147			updatetitle(c);
1148			if(c == sel)
1149				drawbar();
1150		}
1151	}
1152}
1153
1154void
1155quit(const char *arg) {
1156	readin = running = False;
1157}
1158
1159void
1160reapply(const char *arg) {
1161	Client *c;
1162
1163	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1164		memset(c->tags, 0, TAGSZ);
1165		applyrules(c);
1166	}
1167	arrange();
1168}
1169
1170void
1171resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1172	XWindowChanges wc;
1173
1174	if(sizehints) {
1175		/* set minimum possible */
1176		w = MAX(1, w);
1177		h = MAX(1, h);
1178
1179		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1180		w -= c->basew;
1181		h -= c->baseh;
1182
1183		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1184		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1185		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0)
1186		{
1187			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1188				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1189			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1190				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1191		}
1192
1193		/* adjust for increment value */
1194		if(c->incw)
1195			w -= w % c->incw;
1196		if(c->inch)
1197			h -= h % c->inch;
1198
1199		/* restore base dimensions */
1200		w += c->basew;
1201		h += c->baseh;
1202
1203		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1204		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1205		
1206		if (c->maxw)
1207			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1208
1209		if (c->maxh)
1210			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1211	}
1212	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1213		return;
1214	if(x > sx + sw)
1215		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1216	if(y > sy + sh)
1217		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1218	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1219		x = sx;
1220	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1221		y = sy;
1222	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1223		c->x = wc.x = x;
1224		c->y = wc.y = y;
1225		c->w = wc.width = w;
1226		c->h = wc.height = h;
1227		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1228		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1229				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1230		configure(c);
1231		XSync(dpy, False);
1232	}
1233}
1234
1235void
1236resizemouse(Client *c) {
1237	int ocx, ocy;
1238	int nw, nh;
1239	XEvent ev;
1240
1241	ocx = c->x;
1242	ocy = c->y;
1243	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1244			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1245		return;
1246	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1247	for(;;) {
1248		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1249		switch(ev.type) {
1250		case ButtonRelease:
1251			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1252					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1253			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1254			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1255			return;
1256		case ConfigureRequest:
1257		case Expose:
1258		case MapRequest:
1259			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1260			break;
1261		case MotionNotify:
1262			XSync(dpy, False);
1263			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1264			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1265			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1266				togglefloating(NULL);
1267			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1268				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1269			break;
1270		}
1271	}
1272}
1273
1274void
1275restack(void) {
1276	Client *c;
1277	XEvent ev;
1278	XWindowChanges wc;
1279
1280	drawbar();
1281	if(!sel)
1282		return;
1283	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1284		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1285	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1286		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1287		wc.sibling = barwin;
1288		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1289			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1290			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1291		}
1292		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1293			if(c == sel)
1294				continue;
1295			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1296			wc.sibling = c->win;
1297		}
1298	}
1299	XSync(dpy, False);
1300	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1301}
1302
1303void
1304run(void) {
1305	char *p;
1306	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1307	fd_set rd;
1308	int r, xfd;
1309	unsigned int len, offset;
1310	XEvent ev;
1311
1312	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1313	XSync(dpy, False);
1314	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1315	readin = True;
1316	offset = 0;
1317	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1318	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1319	while(running) {
1320		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1321		if(readin)
1322			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1323		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1324		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1325			if(errno == EINTR)
1326				continue;
1327			eprint("select failed\n");
1328		}
1329		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1330			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1331			case -1:
1332				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1333				readin = False;
1334				break;
1335			case 0:
1336				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1337				readin = False;
1338				break;
1339			default:
1340				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1341					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1342						*p = '\0';
1343						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1344						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1345						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1346						offset = r;
1347						if(r)
1348							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1349						break;
1350					}
1351				break;
1352			}
1353			drawbar();
1354		}
1355		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1356			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1357			if(handler[ev.type])
1358				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1359		}
1360	}
1361}
1362
1363void
1364scan(void) {
1365	unsigned int i, num;
1366	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1367	XWindowAttributes wa;
1368
1369	wins = NULL;
1370	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1371		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1372			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1373					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1374				continue;
1375			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1376				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1377		}
1378		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1379			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1380				continue;
1381			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1382					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1383				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1384		}
1385	}
1386	if(wins)
1387		XFree(wins);
1388}
1389
1390void
1391setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1392	long data[] = {state, None};
1393
1394	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1395			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1396}
1397
1398void
1399setgeom(const char *arg) {
1400	unsigned int i;
1401
1402	if(!arg) {
1403		if(++geom == &geoms[LENGTH(geoms)])
1404			geom = &geoms[0];
1405	}
1406	else {
1407		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(geoms); i++)
1408			if(!strcmp(geoms[i].symbol, arg))
1409				break;
1410		if(i == LENGTH(geoms))
1411			return;
1412		geom = &geoms[i];
1413	}
1414	geom->apply();
1415	updatebarpos();
1416	arrange();
1417}
1418
1419void
1420setlayout(const char *arg) {
1421	unsigned int i;
1422
1423	if(!arg) {
1424		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1425			lt = &layouts[0];
1426	}
1427	else {
1428		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1429			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1430				break;
1431		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1432			return;
1433		lt = &layouts[i];
1434	}
1435	if(sel)
1436		arrange();
1437	else
1438		drawbar();
1439}
1440
1441void
1442setmfact(const char *arg) {
1443	double d;
1444
1445	if(lt->isfloating)
1446		return;
1447	if(!arg)
1448		mfact = MFACT;
1449	else {
1450		d = strtod(arg, NULL);
1451		if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+')
1452			d += mfact;
1453		if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1454			return;
1455		mfact = d;
1456	}
1457	setgeom(geom->symbol);
1458}
1459
1460void
1461setup(void) {
1462	unsigned int i, w;
1463	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1464
1465	/* init screen */
1466	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1467	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1468	initfont(FONT);
1469
1470	/* apply default geometry */
1471	sx = 0;
1472	sy = 0;
1473	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1474	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1475	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1476	mfact = MFACT;
1477	geom->apply();
1478
1479	/* init atoms */
1480	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1481	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1482	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1483	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1484	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1485	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1486
1487	/* init cursors */
1488	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1489	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1490	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1491
1492	/* init appearance */
1493	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1494	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1495	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1496	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1497	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1498	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1499	initfont(FONT);
1500	dc.h = bh;
1501	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1502	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1503	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1504	if(!dc.font.set)
1505		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1506
1507	/* init tags */
1508	viewtags[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1509	viewtags[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1510	viewtags[0][0] = viewtags[1][0] = True;
1511	seltags = viewtags[0];
1512
1513	/* init bar */
1514	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1515		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1516		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1517	}
1518	for(bgw = i = 0; LENGTH(geoms) > 1 && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) {
1519		w = textw(geoms[i].symbol);
1520		bgw = MAX(bgw, w);
1521	}
1522
1523	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1524	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1525	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1526
1527	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1528				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1529				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1530	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1531	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1532	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1533	drawbar();
1534
1535	/* EWMH support per view */
1536	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1537			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1538
1539	/* select for events */
1540	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1541			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1542	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1543	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1544
1545
1546	/* grab keys */
1547	grabkeys();
1548}
1549
1550void
1551spawn(const char *arg) {
1552	static char *shell = NULL;
1553
1554	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1555		shell = "/bin/sh";
1556	if(!arg)
1557		return;
1558	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1559	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1560	if(fork() == 0) {
1561		if(fork() == 0) {
1562			if(dpy)
1563				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1564			setsid();
1565			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1566			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1567			perror(" failed");
1568		}
1569		exit(0);
1570	}
1571	wait(0);
1572}
1573
1574void
1575tag(const char *arg) {
1576	unsigned int i;
1577
1578	if(!sel)
1579		return;
1580	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1581		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1582	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1583	arrange();
1584}
1585
1586unsigned int
1587textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1588	XRectangle r;
1589
1590	if(dc.font.set) {
1591		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1592		return r.width;
1593	}
1594	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1595}
1596
1597unsigned int
1598textw(const char *text) {
1599	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1600}
1601
1602void
1603tileh(void) {
1604	int x, w;
1605	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1606	Client *c;
1607
1608	if(n == 0)
1609		return;
1610	c = tilemaster(n);
1611	if(--n == 0)
1612		return;
1613
1614	x = tx;
1615	w = tw / n;
1616	if(w < bh)
1617		w = tw;
1618
1619	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1620		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1621			tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1622		else
1623			tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1624		if(w != tw)
1625			x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1626	}
1627}
1628
1629Client *
1630tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1631	Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1632
1633	if(n == 1)
1634		tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw);
1635	else
1636		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1637	return c;
1638}
1639
1640void
1641tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1642	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1643	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1644		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1645		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1646}
1647
1648void
1649tilev(void) {
1650	int y, h;
1651	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1652	Client *c;
1653
1654	if(n == 0)
1655		return;
1656	c = tilemaster(n);
1657	if(--n == 0)
1658		return;
1659
1660	y = ty;
1661	h = th / n;
1662	if(h < bh)
1663		h = th;
1664
1665	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1666		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1667			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1668		else
1669			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1670		if(h != th)
1671			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1672	}
1673}
1674
1675void
1676togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1677	if(!sel)
1678		return;
1679	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1680	if(sel->isfloating)
1681		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1682	arrange();
1683}
1684
1685void
1686toggletag(const char *arg) {
1687	unsigned int i, j;
1688
1689	if(!sel)
1690		return;
1691	i = idxoftag(arg);
1692	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1693	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1694	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1695		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1696	arrange();
1697}
1698
1699void
1700toggleview(const char *arg) {
1701	unsigned int i, j;
1702
1703	i = idxoftag(arg);
1704	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1705	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1706	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1707		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1708	arrange();
1709}
1710
1711void
1712unban(Client *c) {
1713	if(!c->isbanned)
1714		return;
1715	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1716	c->isbanned = False;
1717}
1718
1719void
1720unmanage(Client *c) {
1721	XWindowChanges wc;
1722
1723	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1724	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1725	XGrabServer(dpy);
1726	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1727	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1728	detach(c);
1729	detachstack(c);
1730	if(sel == c)
1731		focus(NULL);
1732	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1733	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1734	free(c->tags);
1735	free(c);
1736	XSync(dpy, False);
1737	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1738	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1739	arrange();
1740}
1741
1742void
1743unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1744	Client *c;
1745	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1746
1747	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1748		unmanage(c);
1749}
1750
1751void
1752updatebarpos(void) {
1753
1754	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1755		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1756	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1757	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1758}
1759
1760void
1761updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1762	long msize;
1763	XSizeHints size;
1764
1765	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1766		size.flags = PSize;
1767	c->flags = size.flags;
1768	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1769		c->basew = size.base_width;
1770		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1771	}
1772	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1773		c->basew = size.min_width;
1774		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1775	}
1776	else
1777		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1778	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1779		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1780		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1781	}
1782	else
1783		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1784	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1785		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1786		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1787	}
1788	else
1789		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1790	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1791		c->minw = size.min_width;
1792		c->minh = size.min_height;
1793	}
1794	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1795		c->minw = size.base_width;
1796		c->minh = size.base_height;
1797	}
1798	else
1799		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1800	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1801		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1802		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1803		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1804		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1805	}
1806	else
1807		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1808	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1809			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1810}
1811
1812void
1813updatetitle(Client *c) {
1814	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1815		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1816}
1817
1818void
1819updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1820	XWMHints *wmh;
1821
1822	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1823		if(c == sel)
1824			sel->isurgent = False;
1825		else
1826			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1827		XFree(wmh);
1828	}
1829}
1830
1831void
1832view(const char *arg) {
1833	Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
1834	unsigned int i;
1835
1836	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1837		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1838	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1839
1840	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1841		seltags = viewtags[viewtags_set ^= 1];  /* toggle tagset */
1842		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1843		arrange();
1844	}
1845}
1846
1847void
1848viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1849	seltags = viewtags[viewtags_set ^= 1];  /* toggle tagset */
1850	arrange();
1851}
1852
1853/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1854 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1855 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1856int
1857xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1858	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1859	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1860	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1861	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1862	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1863	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1864	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1865	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1866		return 0;
1867	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1868		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1869	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1870}
1871
1872int
1873xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1874	return 0;
1875}
1876
1877/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1878 * is already running. */
1879int
1880xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1881	otherwm = True;
1882	return -1;
1883}
1884
1885void
1886zoom(const char *arg) {
1887	Client *c = sel;
1888
1889	if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1890		return;
1891	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1892		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1893			return;
1894	detach(c);
1895	attach(c);
1896	focus(c);
1897	arrange();
1898}
1899
1900int
1901main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1902	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1903		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1904	else if(argc != 1)
1905		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1906
1907	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1908	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1909		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1910
1911	checkotherwm();
1912	setup();
1913	scan();
1914	run();
1915	cleanup();
1916
1917	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1918	return 0;
1919}
1920