1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.  For each client dwm
  21 * creates a small title window, which is resized whenever the (_NET_)WM_NAME
  22 * properties are updated or the client is moved/resized.
  23 *
  24 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  25 *
  26 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  27 */
  28#include <errno.h>
  29#include <locale.h>
  30#include <stdarg.h>
  31#include <stdio.h>
  32#include <stdlib.h>
  33#include <string.h>
  34#include <unistd.h>
  35#include <sys/select.h>
  36#include <sys/types.h>
  37#include <sys/wait.h>
  38#include <regex.h>
  39#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  40#include <X11/keysym.h>
  41#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  42#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  43#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  44#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
  48#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
  49#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
  50
  51/* enums */
  52enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags; 
  67	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101} Layout;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *prop;
 105	const char *tags;
 106	Bool isfloating;
 107} Rule;
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	regex_t *propregex;
 111	regex_t *tagregex;
 112} Regs;
 113
 114/* forward declarations */
 115void applyrules(Client *c);
 116void arrange(void);
 117void attach(Client *c);
 118void attachstack(Client *c);
 119void ban(Client *c);
 120void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 121void checkotherwm(void);
 122void cleanup(void);
 123void compileregs(void);
 124void configure(Client *c);
 125void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 126void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 127void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 128void detach(Client *c);
 129void detachstack(Client *c);
 130void drawbar(void);
 131void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 132void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 133void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 134void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 135void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 136void expose(XEvent *e);
 137void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusnext(const char *arg);
 140void focusprev(const char *arg);
 141Client *getclient(Window w);
 142unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 143long getstate(Window w);
 144Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 145void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 146unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
 147void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 148Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
 149Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const char *arg);
 154void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
 155void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 156void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 157void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 158void movemouse(Client *c);
 159Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 160void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 161void quit(const char *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setlayout(const char *arg);
 169void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 170void setup(void);
 171void spawn(const char *arg);
 172void tag(const char *arg);
 173unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 174unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 175void tile(void);
 176void togglebar(const char *arg);
 177void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 178void togglemax(const char *arg);
 179void toggletag(const char *arg);
 180void toggleview(const char *arg);
 181void unban(Client *c);
 182void unmanage(Client *c);
 183void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 184void updatebarpos(void);
 185void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 186void updatetitle(Client *c);
 187void view(const char *arg);
 188int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191void zoom(const char *arg);
 192
 193/* variables */
 194char stext[256];
 195double mwfact;
 196int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
 197int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 198unsigned int bh, bpos, ntags;
 199unsigned int blw = 0;
 200unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
 201unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
 202unsigned int nrules = 0;
 203unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 204void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 205	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 206	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 207	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 208	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 209	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 210	[LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 211	[Expose] = expose,
 212	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 213	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 214	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 215	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 216	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 217};
 218Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 219Bool otherwm, readin;
 220Bool running = True;
 221Bool *seltags;
 222Bool selscreen = True;
 223Client *clients = NULL;
 224Client *sel = NULL;
 225Client *stack = NULL;
 226Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227Display *dpy;
 228DC dc = {0};
 229Window barwin, root;
 230Regs *regs = NULL;
 231
 232/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 233#include "config.h"
 234
 235/* functions*/
 236void
 237applyrules(Client *c) {
 238	static char buf[512];
 239	unsigned int i, j;
 240	regmatch_t tmp;
 241	Bool matched = False;
 242	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 243
 244	/* rule matching */
 245	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 246	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
 247			ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
 248			ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
 249	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
 250		if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 251			c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
 252			for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < ntags; j++) {
 253				if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 254					matched = True;
 255					c->tags[j] = True;
 256				}
 257			}
 258		}
 259	if(ch.res_class)
 260		XFree(ch.res_class);
 261	if(ch.res_name)
 262		XFree(ch.res_name);
 263	if(!matched)
 264		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 265			c->tags[i] = seltags[i];
 266}
 267
 268void
 269arrange(void) {
 270	Client *c;
 271
 272	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 273		if(isvisible(c))
 274			unban(c);
 275		else
 276			ban(c);
 277	layouts[ltidx].arrange();
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	restack();
 280}
 281
 282void
 283attach(Client *c) {
 284	if(clients)
 285		clients->prev = c;
 286	c->next = clients;
 287	clients = c;
 288}
 289
 290void
 291attachstack(Client *c) {
 292	c->snext = stack;
 293	stack = c;
 294}
 295
 296void
 297ban(Client *c) {
 298	if(c->isbanned)
 299		return;
 300	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 301	c->isbanned = True;
 302}
 303
 304void
 305buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 306	unsigned int i, x;
 307	Client *c;
 308	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 309
 310	if(barwin == ev->window) {
 311		x = 0;
 312		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
 313			x += textw(tags[i]);
 314			if(ev->x < x) {
 315				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 316					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 317						tag(tags[i]);
 318					else
 319						view(tags[i]);
 320				}
 321				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 322					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 323						toggletag(tags[i]);
 324					else
 325						toggleview(tags[i]);
 326				}
 327				return;
 328			}
 329		}
 330		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 331			setlayout(NULL);
 332	}
 333	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 334		focus(c);
 335		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 336			return;
 337		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 338			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 339				restack();
 340			else
 341				togglefloating(NULL);
 342			movemouse(c);
 343		}
 344		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 345			if(ISTILE && !c->isfixed && c->isfloating)
 346				togglefloating(NULL);
 347			else
 348				zoom(NULL);
 349		}
 350		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 351			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 352				restack();
 353			else
 354				togglefloating(NULL);
 355			resizemouse(c);
 356		}
 357	}
 358}
 359
 360void
 361checkotherwm(void) {
 362	otherwm = False;
 363	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 364
 365	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 366	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
 367	XSync(dpy, False);
 368	if(otherwm)
 369		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 370	XSync(dpy, False);
 371	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 372	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 373	XSync(dpy, False);
 374}
 375
 376void
 377cleanup(void) {
 378	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 379	while(stack) {
 380		unban(stack);
 381		unmanage(stack);
 382	}
 383	if(dc.font.set)
 384		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 385	else
 386		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 387	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 388	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 389	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 390	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 391	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 392	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 393	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 394	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 395	XSync(dpy, False);
 396	free(seltags);
 397}
 398
 399void
 400compileregs(void) {
 401	unsigned int i;
 402	regex_t *reg;
 403
 404	if(regs)
 405		return;
 406	nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
 407	regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
 408	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
 409		if(rules[i].prop) {
 410			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 411			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
 412				free(reg);
 413			else
 414				regs[i].propregex = reg;
 415		}
 416		if(rules[i].tags) {
 417			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 418			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
 419				free(reg);
 420			else
 421				regs[i].tagregex = reg;
 422		}
 423	}
 424}
 425
 426void
 427configure(Client *c) {
 428	XConfigureEvent ce;
 429
 430	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 431	ce.display = dpy;
 432	ce.event = c->win;
 433	ce.window = c->win;
 434	ce.x = c->x;
 435	ce.y = c->y;
 436	ce.width = c->w;
 437	ce.height = c->h;
 438	ce.border_width = c->border;
 439	ce.above = None;
 440	ce.override_redirect = False;
 441	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 442}
 443
 444void
 445configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 446	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 447
 448	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 449		sw = ev->width;
 450		sh = ev->height;
 451		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 452		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 453		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 454		updatebarpos();
 455		arrange();
 456	}
 457}
 458
 459void
 460configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 461	Client *c;
 462	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 463	XWindowChanges wc;
 464
 465	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 466		c->ismax = False;
 467		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 468			c->border = ev->border_width;
 469		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isarrange(floating)) {
 470			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 471				c->x = ev->x;
 472			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 473				c->y = ev->y;
 474			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 475				c->w = ev->width;
 476			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 477				c->h = ev->height;
 478			if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 479				c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
 480			if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 481				c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
 482			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
 483			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
 484				configure(c);
 485			if(isvisible(c))
 486				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 487		}
 488		else
 489			configure(c);
 490	}
 491	else {
 492		wc.x = ev->x;
 493		wc.y = ev->y;
 494		wc.width = ev->width;
 495		wc.height = ev->height;
 496		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 497		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 498		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 499		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 500	}
 501	XSync(dpy, False);
 502}
 503
 504void
 505destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 506	Client *c;
 507	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 508
 509	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 510		unmanage(c);
 511}
 512
 513void
 514detach(Client *c) {
 515	if(c->prev)
 516		c->prev->next = c->next;
 517	if(c->next)
 518		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 519	if(c == clients)
 520		clients = c->next;
 521	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 522}
 523
 524void
 525detachstack(Client *c) {
 526	Client **tc;
 527
 528	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 529	*tc = c->snext;
 530}
 531
 532void
 533drawbar(void) {
 534	int i, x;
 535
 536	dc.x = dc.y = 0;
 537	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
 538		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 539		if(seltags[i]) {
 540			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
 541			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
 542		}
 543		else {
 544			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
 545			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
 546		}
 547		dc.x += dc.w;
 548	}
 549	dc.w = blw;
 550	drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
 551	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 552	dc.w = textw(stext);
 553	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 554	if(dc.x < x) {
 555		dc.x = x;
 556		dc.w = sw - x;
 557	}
 558	drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
 559	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 560		dc.x = x;
 561		if(sel) {
 562			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
 563			drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
 564		}
 565		else
 566			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
 567	}
 568	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 569	XSync(dpy, False);
 570}
 571
 572void
 573drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 574	int x;
 575	XGCValues gcv;
 576	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 577
 578	gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
 579	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 580	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 581	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 582	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 583	if(filled) {
 584		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 585		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 586	}
 587	else if(empty) {
 588		r.width = r.height = x;
 589		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 590	}
 591}
 592
 593void
 594drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 595	int x, y, w, h;
 596	static char buf[256];
 597	unsigned int len, olen;
 598	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 599
 600	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
 601	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 602	if(!text)
 603		return;
 604	w = 0;
 605	olen = len = strlen(text);
 606	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 607		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 608	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 609	buf[len] = 0;
 610	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 611	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 612	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 613	/* shorten text if necessary */
 614	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 615		buf[--len] = 0;
 616	if(len < olen) {
 617		if(len > 1)
 618			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 619		if(len > 2)
 620			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 621		if(len > 3)
 622			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 623	}
 624	if(w > dc.w)
 625		return; /* too long */
 626	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
 627	if(dc.font.set)
 628		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 629	else
 630		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 631}
 632
 633void *
 634emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 635	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 636
 637	if(!res)
 638		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 639	return res;
 640}
 641
 642void
 643enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 644	Client *c;
 645	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 646
 647	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
 648		return;
 649	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 650		focus(c);
 651		restack();
 652	}
 653	else if(ev->window == root) {
 654		selscreen = True;
 655		focus(NULL);
 656	}
 657}
 658
 659void
 660eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 661	va_list ap;
 662
 663	va_start(ap, errstr);
 664	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 665	va_end(ap);
 666	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 667}
 668
 669void
 670expose(XEvent *e) {
 671	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 672
 673	if(ev->count == 0) {
 674		if(barwin == ev->window)
 675			drawbar();
 676	}
 677}
 678
 679void
 680floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 681	Client *c;
 682
 683	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 684		if(isvisible(c))
 685			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 686}
 687
 688void
 689focus(Client *c) {
 690	if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 691		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 692	if(sel && sel != c) {
 693		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 694		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 695	}
 696	if(c) {
 697		detachstack(c);
 698		attachstack(c);
 699		grabbuttons(c, True);
 700	}
 701	sel = c;
 702	drawbar();
 703	if(!selscreen)
 704		return;
 705	if(c) {
 706		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 707		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 708	}
 709	else
 710		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 711}
 712
 713void
 714focusnext(const char *arg) {
 715	Client *c;
 716
 717	if(!sel)
 718		return;
 719	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 720	if(!c)
 721		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 722	if(c) {
 723		focus(c);
 724		restack();
 725	}
 726}
 727
 728void
 729focusprev(const char *arg) {
 730	Client *c;
 731
 732	if(!sel)
 733		return;
 734	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 735	if(!c) {
 736		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 737		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 738	}
 739	if(c) {
 740		focus(c);
 741		restack();
 742	}
 743}
 744
 745Client *
 746getclient(Window w) {
 747	Client *c;
 748
 749	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 750	return c;
 751}
 752
 753unsigned long
 754getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 755	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 756	XColor color;
 757
 758	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 759		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 760	return color.pixel;
 761}
 762
 763long
 764getstate(Window w) {
 765	int format, status;
 766	long result = -1;
 767	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 768	unsigned long n, extra;
 769	Atom real;
 770
 771	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 772			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 773	if(status != Success)
 774		return -1;
 775	if(n != 0)
 776		result = *p;
 777	XFree(p);
 778	return result;
 779}
 780
 781Bool
 782gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 783	char **list = NULL;
 784	int n;
 785	XTextProperty name;
 786
 787	if(!text || size == 0)
 788		return False;
 789	text[0] = '\0';
 790	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 791	if(!name.nitems)
 792		return False;
 793	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 794		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 795	else {
 796		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 797		&& n > 0 && *list)
 798		{
 799			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 800			XFreeStringList(list);
 801		}
 802	}
 803	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 804	XFree(name.value);
 805	return True;
 806}
 807
 808void
 809grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 810	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 811
 812	if(focused) {
 813		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 818				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 819		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 820				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 821
 822		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 829				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 830
 831		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 832				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 833		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 834				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 835		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 836				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 837		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 838				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 839	}
 840	else
 841		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 842				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 843}
 844
 845unsigned int
 846idxoftag(const char *tag) {
 847	unsigned int i;
 848
 849	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 850		if(tags[i] == tag)
 851			return i;
 852	return 0;
 853}
 854
 855void
 856initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 857	char *def, **missing;
 858	int i, n;
 859
 860	missing = NULL;
 861	if(dc.font.set)
 862		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 863	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 864	if(missing) {
 865		while(n--)
 866			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 867		XFreeStringList(missing);
 868	}
 869	if(dc.font.set) {
 870		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 871		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 872		char **font_names;
 873		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 874		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 875		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 876		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 877			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 878				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 879			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 880				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 881			xfonts++;
 882		}
 883	}
 884	else {
 885		if(dc.font.xfont)
 886			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 887		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 888		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 889		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 890			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 891		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 892		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 893	}
 894	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 895}
 896
 897Bool
 898isarrange(void (*func)())
 899{
 900	return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
 901}
 902
 903Bool
 904isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 905	Client *c;
 906
 907	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 908		if(c->tags[t])
 909			return True;
 910	return False;
 911}
 912
 913Bool
 914isprotodel(Client *c) {
 915	int i, n;
 916	Atom *protocols;
 917	Bool ret = False;
 918
 919	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 920		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 921			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 922				ret = True;
 923		XFree(protocols);
 924	}
 925	return ret;
 926}
 927
 928Bool
 929isvisible(Client *c) {
 930	unsigned int i;
 931
 932	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 933		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 934			return True;
 935	return False;
 936}
 937
 938void
 939keypress(XEvent *e) {
 940	KEYS
 941	unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
 942	unsigned int i;
 943	KeyCode code;
 944	KeySym keysym;
 945	XKeyEvent *ev;
 946
 947	if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
 948		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 949		for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 950			code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 951			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 952					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 953			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
 954					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 955			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
 956					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 957			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
 958					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 959		}
 960		return;
 961	}
 962	ev = &e->xkey;
 963	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 964	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
 965		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 966		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 967		{
 968			if(keys[i].func)
 969				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 970		}
 971}
 972
 973void
 974killclient(const char *arg) {
 975	XEvent ev;
 976
 977	if(!sel)
 978		return;
 979	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 980		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 981		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 982		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 983		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 984		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 985		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 986		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 987	}
 988	else
 989		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 990}
 991
 992void
 993leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
 994	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 995
 996	if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
 997		selscreen = False;
 998		focus(NULL);
 999	}
1000}
1001
1002void
1003manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1004	unsigned int i;
1005	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1006	Window trans;
1007	Status rettrans;
1008	XWindowChanges wc;
1009
1010	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1011	c->tags = emallocz(ntags * sizeof(Bool));
1012	c->win = w;
1013	c->x = wa->x;
1014	c->y = wa->y;
1015	c->w = wa->width;
1016	c->h = wa->height;
1017	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1018	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1019		c->x = sx;
1020		c->y = sy;
1021		c->border = wa->border_width;
1022	}
1023	else {
1024		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1025			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1026		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1027			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1028		if(c->x < wax)
1029			c->x = wax;
1030		if(c->y < way)
1031			c->y = way;
1032		c->border = BORDERPX;
1033	}
1034	wc.border_width = c->border;
1035	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1036	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1037	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1038	updatesizehints(c);
1039	XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1040		StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1041	grabbuttons(c, False);
1042	updatetitle(c);
1043	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1044		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1045	if(t)
1046		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1047			c->tags[i] = t->tags[i];
1048	applyrules(c);
1049	if(!c->isfloating)
1050		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1051	attach(c);
1052	attachstack(c);
1053	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1054	ban(c);
1055	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1056	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1057	arrange();
1058}
1059
1060void
1061mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1062	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1063
1064	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1065	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1066		keypress(NULL);
1067}
1068
1069void
1070maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1071	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1072	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1073
1074	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1075		return;
1076	if(wa.override_redirect)
1077		return;
1078	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1079		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1080}
1081
1082void
1083movemouse(Client *c) {
1084	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1085	unsigned int dui;
1086	Window dummy;
1087	XEvent ev;
1088
1089	ocx = nx = c->x;
1090	ocy = ny = c->y;
1091	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1092			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1093		return;
1094	c->ismax = False;
1095	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1096	for(;;) {
1097		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1098		switch (ev.type) {
1099		case ButtonRelease:
1100			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1101			return;
1102		case ConfigureRequest:
1103		case Expose:
1104		case MapRequest:
1105			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1106			break;
1107		case MotionNotify:
1108			XSync(dpy, False);
1109			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1110			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1111			if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1112				nx = wax;
1113			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1114				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1115			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1116				ny = way;
1117			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1118				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1119			resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1120			break;
1121		}
1122	}
1123}
1124
1125Client *
1126nexttiled(Client *c) {
1127	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1128	return c;
1129}
1130
1131void
1132propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1133	Client *c;
1134	Window trans;
1135	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1136
1137	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1138		return; /* ignore */
1139	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1140		switch (ev->atom) {
1141			default: break;
1142			case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1143				XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1144				if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1145					arrange();
1146				break;
1147			case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1148				updatesizehints(c);
1149				break;
1150		}
1151		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1152			updatetitle(c);
1153			if(c == sel)
1154				drawbar();
1155		}
1156	}
1157}
1158
1159void
1160quit(const char *arg) {
1161	readin = running = False;
1162}
1163
1164void
1165resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1166	double dx, dy, max, min, ratio;
1167	XWindowChanges wc; 
1168
1169	if(sizehints) {
1170		if(c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && (h - c->baseh) > 0 && (w - c->basew) > 0) {
1171			dx = (double)(w - c->basew);
1172			dy = (double)(h - c->baseh);
1173			min = (double)(c->minax) / (double)(c->minay);
1174			max = (double)(c->maxax) / (double)(c->maxay);
1175			ratio = dx / dy;
1176			if(max > 0 && min > 0 && ratio > 0) {
1177				if(ratio < min) {
1178					dy = (dx * min + dy) / (min * min + 1);
1179					dx = dy * min;
1180					w = (int)dx + c->basew;
1181					h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
1182				}
1183				else if(ratio > max) {
1184					dy = (dx * min + dy) / (max * max + 1);
1185					dx = dy * min;
1186					w = (int)dx + c->basew;
1187					h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
1188				}
1189			}
1190		}
1191		if(c->minw && w < c->minw)
1192			w = c->minw;
1193		if(c->minh && h < c->minh)
1194			h = c->minh;
1195		if(c->maxw && w > c->maxw)
1196			w = c->maxw;
1197		if(c->maxh && h > c->maxh)
1198			h = c->maxh;
1199		if(c->incw)
1200			w -= (w - c->basew) % c->incw;
1201		if(c->inch)
1202			h -= (h - c->baseh) % c->inch;
1203	}
1204	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1205		return;
1206	/* offscreen appearance fixes */
1207	if(x > sw)
1208		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1209	if(y > sh)
1210		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1211	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1212		x = sx;
1213	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1214		y = sy;
1215	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1216		c->x = wc.x = x;
1217		c->y = wc.y = y;
1218		c->w = wc.width = w;
1219		c->h = wc.height = h;
1220		wc.border_width = c->border;
1221		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1222		configure(c);
1223		XSync(dpy, False);
1224	}
1225}
1226
1227void
1228resizemouse(Client *c) {
1229	int ocx, ocy;
1230	int nw, nh;
1231	XEvent ev;
1232
1233	ocx = c->x;
1234	ocy = c->y;
1235	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1236			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1237		return;
1238	c->ismax = False;
1239	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1240	for(;;) {
1241		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1242		switch(ev.type) {
1243		case ButtonRelease:
1244			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1245					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1246			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1247			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1248			return;
1249		case ConfigureRequest:
1250		case Expose:
1251		case MapRequest:
1252			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1253			break;
1254		case MotionNotify:
1255			XSync(dpy, False);
1256			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1257				nw = 1;
1258			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1259				nh = 1;
1260			resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1261			break;
1262		}
1263	}
1264}
1265
1266void
1267restack(void) {
1268	Client *c;
1269	XEvent ev;
1270	XWindowChanges wc;
1271
1272	drawbar();
1273	if(!sel)
1274		return;
1275	if(sel->isfloating || isarrange(floating))
1276		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1277	if(!isarrange(floating)) {
1278		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1279		wc.sibling = barwin;
1280		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1281			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1282			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1283		}
1284		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1285			if(c == sel)
1286				continue;
1287			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1288			wc.sibling = c->win;
1289		}
1290	}
1291	XSync(dpy, False);
1292	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1293}
1294
1295void
1296run(void) {
1297	char *p;
1298	int r, xfd;
1299	fd_set rd;
1300	XEvent ev;
1301
1302	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1303	XSync(dpy, False);
1304	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1305	readin = True;
1306	while(running) {
1307		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1308		if(readin)
1309			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1310		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1311		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1312			if(errno == EINTR)
1313				continue;
1314			eprint("select failed\n");
1315		}
1316		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1317			switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
1318			case -1:
1319				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
1320				stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
1321				readin = False;
1322				break;
1323			case 0:
1324				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1325				readin = False;
1326				break;
1327			default:
1328				for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
1329				for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
1330				if(p > stext)
1331					strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
1332			}
1333			drawbar();
1334		}
1335		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1336			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1337			if(handler[ev.type])
1338				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1339		}
1340	}
1341}
1342
1343void
1344scan(void) {
1345	unsigned int i, num;
1346	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1347	XWindowAttributes wa;
1348
1349	wins = NULL;
1350	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1351		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1352			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1353			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1354				continue;
1355			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1356				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1357		}
1358		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1359			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1360				continue;
1361			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1362			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1363				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1364		}
1365	}
1366	if(wins)
1367		XFree(wins);
1368}
1369
1370void
1371setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1372	long data[] = {state, None};
1373
1374	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1375			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1376}
1377
1378void
1379setlayout(const char *arg) {
1380	unsigned int i;
1381
1382	if(!arg) {
1383		if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
1384			ltidx = 0;;
1385	}
1386	else {
1387		for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
1388			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1389				break;
1390		if(i == nlayouts)
1391			return;
1392		ltidx = i;
1393	}
1394	if(sel)
1395		arrange();
1396	else
1397		drawbar();
1398}
1399
1400void
1401setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1402	double delta;
1403
1404	if(!ISTILE)
1405		return;
1406	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1407	if(arg == NULL)
1408		mwfact = MWFACT;
1409	else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
1410		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1411			mwfact += delta;
1412		else
1413			mwfact = delta;
1414		if(mwfact < 0.1)
1415			mwfact = 0.1;
1416		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1417			mwfact = 0.9;
1418	}
1419	arrange();
1420}
1421
1422void
1423setup(void) {
1424	int d;
1425	unsigned int i, j, mask;
1426	Window w;
1427	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1428	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1429
1430	/* init atoms */
1431	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1432	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1433	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1434	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1435	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1436	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1437	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1438			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1439
1440	/* init cursors */
1441	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1442	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1443	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1444
1445	/* init geometry */
1446	sx = sy = 0;
1447	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1448	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1449
1450	/* init modifier map */
1451	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1452	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1453		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1454			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1455			== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1456				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1457		}
1458	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1459
1460	/* select for events */
1461	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1462		| EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1463	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1464	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1465	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1466
1467	/* grab keys */
1468	keypress(NULL);
1469
1470	/* init tags */
1471	compileregs();
1472	for(ntags = 0; tags[ntags]; ntags++);
1473	seltags = emallocz(sizeof(Bool) * ntags);
1474	seltags[0] = True;
1475
1476	/* init appearance */
1477	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1478	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1479	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1480	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1481	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1482	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1483	initfont(FONT);
1484	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1485
1486	/* init layouts */
1487	mwfact = MWFACT;
1488	nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
1489	for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
1490		j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1491		if(j > blw)
1492			blw = j;
1493	}
1494
1495	/* init bar */
1496	bpos = BARPOS;
1497	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1498	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1499	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1500	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1501			DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1502			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1503	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1504	updatebarpos();
1505	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1506	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1507	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1508	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1509	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1510	if(!dc.font.set)
1511		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1512
1513	/* multihead support */
1514	selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1515}
1516
1517void
1518spawn(const char *arg) {
1519	static char *shell = NULL;
1520
1521	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1522		shell = "/bin/sh";
1523	if(!arg)
1524		return;
1525	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1526	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1527	if(fork() == 0) {
1528		if(fork() == 0) {
1529			if(dpy)
1530				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1531			setsid();
1532			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1533			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1534			perror(" failed");
1535		}
1536		exit(0);
1537	}
1538	wait(0);
1539}
1540
1541void
1542tag(const char *arg) {
1543	unsigned int i;
1544
1545	if(!sel)
1546		return;
1547	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1548		sel->tags[i] = arg == NULL;
1549	i = idxoftag(arg);
1550	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1551		sel->tags[i] = True;
1552	arrange();
1553}
1554
1555unsigned int
1556textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1557	XRectangle r;
1558
1559	if(dc.font.set) {
1560		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1561		return r.width;
1562	}
1563	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1564}
1565
1566unsigned int
1567textw(const char *text) {
1568	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1569}
1570
1571void
1572tile(void) {
1573	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1574	Client *c, *mc;
1575
1576	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1577		n++;
1578
1579	/* window geoms */
1580	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1581	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1582	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1583		th = wah;
1584
1585	nx = wax;
1586	ny = way;
1587	nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1588	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1589		c->ismax = False;
1590		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1591			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1592			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1593		}
1594		else {  /* tile window */
1595			if(i == 1) {
1596				ny = way;
1597				nx += mc->w + mc->border;
1598				nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1599			}
1600			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1601				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1602			else
1603				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1604		}
1605		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1606		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1607			ny = c->y + c->h + c->border;
1608	}
1609}
1610
1611void
1612togglebar(const char *arg) {
1613	if(bpos == BarOff)
1614		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1615	else
1616		bpos = BarOff;
1617	updatebarpos();
1618	arrange();
1619}
1620
1621void
1622togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1623	if(!sel)
1624		return;
1625	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1626	if(sel->isfloating)
1627		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1628	arrange();
1629}
1630
1631void
1632togglemax(const char *arg) {
1633	XEvent ev;
1634
1635	if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1636		return;
1637	if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1638		if(isarrange(floating) || sel->isfloating)
1639			sel->wasfloating = True;
1640		else {
1641			togglefloating(NULL);
1642			sel->wasfloating = False;
1643		}
1644		sel->rx = sel->x;
1645		sel->ry = sel->y;
1646		sel->rw = sel->w;
1647		sel->rh = sel->h;
1648		resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1649	}
1650	else {
1651		resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1652		if(!sel->wasfloating)
1653			togglefloating(NULL);
1654	}
1655	drawbar();
1656	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1657}
1658
1659void
1660toggletag(const char *arg) {
1661	unsigned int i, j;
1662
1663	if(!sel)
1664		return;
1665	i = idxoftag(arg);
1666	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1667	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1668	if(j == ntags)
1669		sel->tags[i] = True;
1670	arrange();
1671}
1672
1673void
1674toggleview(const char *arg) {
1675	unsigned int i, j;
1676
1677	i = idxoftag(arg);
1678	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1679	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !seltags[j]; j++);
1680	if(j == ntags)
1681		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1682	arrange();
1683}
1684
1685void
1686unban(Client *c) {
1687	if(!c->isbanned)
1688		return;
1689	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1690	c->isbanned = False;
1691}
1692
1693void
1694unmanage(Client *c) {
1695	XWindowChanges wc;
1696
1697	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1698	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1699	XGrabServer(dpy);
1700	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1701	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1702	detach(c);
1703	detachstack(c);
1704	if(sel == c)
1705		focus(NULL);
1706	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1707	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1708	free(c->tags);
1709	free(c);
1710	XSync(dpy, False);
1711	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1712	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1713	arrange();
1714}
1715
1716void
1717unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1718	Client *c;
1719	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1720
1721	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1722		unmanage(c);
1723}
1724
1725void
1726updatebarpos(void) {
1727	XEvent ev;
1728
1729	wax = sx;
1730	way = sy;
1731	wah = sh;
1732	waw = sw;
1733	switch(bpos) {
1734	default:
1735		wah -= bh;
1736		way += bh;
1737		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1738		break;
1739	case BarBot:
1740		wah -= bh;
1741		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1742		break;
1743	case BarOff:
1744		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1745		break;
1746	}
1747	XSync(dpy, False);
1748	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1749}
1750
1751void
1752updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1753	long msize;
1754	XSizeHints size;
1755
1756	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1757		size.flags = PSize;
1758	c->flags = size.flags;
1759	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1760		c->basew = size.base_width;
1761		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1762	}
1763	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1764		c->basew = size.min_width;
1765		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1766	}
1767	else
1768		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1769	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1770		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1771		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1772	}
1773	else
1774		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1775	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1776		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1777		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1778	}
1779	else
1780		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1781	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1782		c->minw = size.min_width;
1783		c->minh = size.min_height;
1784	}
1785	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1786		c->minw = size.base_width;
1787		c->minh = size.base_height;
1788	}
1789	else
1790		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1791	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1792		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1793		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1794		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1795		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1796	}
1797	else
1798		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1799	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1800			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1801}
1802
1803void
1804updatetitle(Client *c) {
1805	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1806		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1807}
1808
1809/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1810 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1811 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1812int
1813xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1814	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1815	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1816	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1817	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1818	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1819	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1820	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1821	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1822		return 0;
1823	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1824		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1825	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1826}
1827
1828int
1829xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1830	return 0;
1831}
1832
1833/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1834 * is already running. */
1835int
1836xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1837	otherwm = True;
1838	return -1;
1839}
1840
1841void
1842view(const char *arg) {
1843	unsigned int i;
1844
1845	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1846		seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
1847	i = idxoftag(arg);
1848	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1849		seltags[i] = True;
1850	arrange();
1851}
1852
1853void
1854zoom(const char *arg) {
1855	Client *c;
1856
1857	if(!sel || !ISTILE || sel->isfloating)
1858		return;
1859	if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1860		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1861			return;
1862	detach(c);
1863	attach(c);
1864	focus(c);
1865	arrange();
1866}
1867
1868int
1869main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1870	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1871		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
1872	else if(argc != 1)
1873		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1874
1875	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1876	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1877		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1878	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1879	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1880
1881	checkotherwm();
1882	setup();
1883	drawbar();
1884	scan();
1885	run();
1886	cleanup();
1887
1888	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1889	return 0;
1890}