1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define ADJUSTBORDER(C, BW)     if((C)->bw != (BW)) XSetWindowBorder(dpy, (C)->win, (BW));
  45#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  48#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  49#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  50#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  51#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  52#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  53#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  55#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  56#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  57#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  58
  59/* enums */
  60enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  61enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  62enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  63enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  64enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  65       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  66
  67typedef union {
  68	int i;
  69	unsigned int ui;
  70	float f;
  71	void *v;
  72} Arg;
  73
  74typedef struct {
  75	unsigned int click;
  76	unsigned int mask;
  77	unsigned int button;
  78	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  79	const Arg arg;
  80} Button;
  81
  82typedef struct Client Client;
  83struct Client {
  84	char name[256];
  85	float mina, maxa;
  86	int x, y, w, h;
  87	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  88	int bw, oldbw;
  89	unsigned int tags;
  90	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  91	Client *next;
  92	Client *snext;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(void);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123typedef struct {
 124	const char *class;
 125	const char *instance;
 126	const char *title;
 127	unsigned int tags;
 128	Bool isfloating;
 129} Rule;
 130
 131/* function declarations */
 132static void applyrules(Client *c);
 133static void arrange(void);
 134static void attach(Client *c);
 135static void attachstack(Client *c);
 136static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 137static void checkotherwm(void);
 138static void cleanup(void);
 139static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 140static void configure(Client *c);
 141static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 142static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 143static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 144static void detach(Client *c);
 145static void detachstack(Client *c);
 146static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 147static void drawbar(void);
 148static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 149static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 150static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 151static void expose(XEvent *e);
 152static void focus(Client *c);
 153static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 154static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 155static Client *getclient(Window w);
 156static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 157static long getstate(Window w);
 158static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 159static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 160static void grabkeys(void);
 161static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 162static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 163static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 164static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 165static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 166static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 167static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 168static void monocle(void);
 169static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 170static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 171static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 173static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 174static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 175static void restack(void);
 176static void run(void);
 177static void scan(void);
 178static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 179static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 180static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 181static void setup(void);
 182static void showhide(Client *c);
 183static void sigchld(int signal);
 184static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 185static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 186static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 187static void tile(void);
 188static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 189static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 190static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 191static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 192static void unmanage(Client *c);
 193static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void updatebar(void);
 195static void updategeom(void);
 196static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 197static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 198static void updatestatus(void);
 199static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 200static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 201static void view(const Arg *arg);
 202static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 206
 207/* variables */
 208static char stext[256];
 209static int screen;
 210static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 211static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 212static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 213static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 214static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 215static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 216static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 217	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 218	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 219	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 220	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 221	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 222	[Expose] = expose,
 223	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 224	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 225	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 226	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 227	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 228	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 229};
 230static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 231static Bool otherwm;
 232static Bool running = True;
 233static Client *clients = NULL;
 234static Client *sel = NULL;
 235static Client *stack = NULL;
 236static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 237static Display *dpy;
 238static DC dc;
 239static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 240static Window root, barwin;
 241/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 242#include "config.h"
 243
 244/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 245struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 246
 247/* function implementations */
 248void
 249applyrules(Client *c) {
 250	unsigned int i;
 251	Rule *r;
 252	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 253
 254	/* rule matching */
 255	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 256		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 257			r = &rules[i];
 258			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 259			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 260			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 261				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 262				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK ? r->tags & TAGMASK : tagset[seltags]; 
 263			}
 264		}
 265		if(ch.res_class)
 266			XFree(ch.res_class);
 267		if(ch.res_name)
 268			XFree(ch.res_name);
 269	}
 270	if(!c->tags)
 271		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 272}
 273
 274void
 275arrange(void) {
 276	showhide(stack);
 277	focus(NULL);
 278	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 279		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 280	restack();
 281}
 282
 283void
 284attach(Client *c) {
 285	c->next = clients;
 286	clients = c;
 287}
 288
 289void
 290attachstack(Client *c) {
 291	c->snext = stack;
 292	stack = c;
 293}
 294
 295void
 296buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 297	unsigned int i, x, click;
 298	Arg arg = {0};
 299	Client *c;
 300	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 301
 302	click = ClkRootWin;
 303	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 304		i = x = 0;
 305		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 306		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 307			click = ClkTagBar;
 308			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 309		}
 310		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 311			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 312		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 313			click = ClkStatusText;
 314		else
 315			click = ClkWinTitle;
 316	}
 317	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 318		focus(c);
 319		click = ClkClientWin;
 320	}
 321
 322	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 323		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 324		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 325			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 326}
 327
 328void
 329checkotherwm(void) {
 330	otherwm = False;
 331	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 332
 333	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 334	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 335	XSync(dpy, False);
 336	if(otherwm)
 337		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 338	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 339	XSync(dpy, False);
 340}
 341
 342void
 343cleanup(void) {
 344	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 345	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 346
 347	view(&a);
 348	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 349	while(stack)
 350		unmanage(stack);
 351	if(dc.font.set)
 352		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 353	else
 354		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 355	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 356	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 357	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 358	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 359	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 360	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 361	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 362	XSync(dpy, False);
 363	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 364}
 365
 366void
 367clearurgent(Client *c) {
 368	XWMHints *wmh;
 369
 370	c->isurgent = False;
 371	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 372		return;
 373	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 374	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 375	XFree(wmh);
 376}
 377
 378void
 379configure(Client *c) {
 380	XConfigureEvent ce;
 381
 382	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 383	ce.display = dpy;
 384	ce.event = c->win;
 385	ce.window = c->win;
 386	ce.x = c->x;
 387	ce.y = c->y;
 388	ce.width = c->w;
 389	ce.height = c->h;
 390	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 391	ce.above = None;
 392	ce.override_redirect = False;
 393	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 394}
 395
 396void
 397configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 398	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 399
 400	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 401		sw = ev->width;
 402		sh = ev->height;
 403		updategeom();
 404		updatebar();
 405		arrange();
 406	}
 407}
 408
 409void
 410configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 411	Client *c;
 412	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 413	XWindowChanges wc;
 414
 415	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 416		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 417			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 418		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 419			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 420				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 421			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 422				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 423			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 424				c->w = ev->width;
 425			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 426				c->h = ev->height;
 427			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 428				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 429			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 430				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 431			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 432				configure(c);
 433			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 434				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 435		}
 436		else
 437			configure(c);
 438	}
 439	else {
 440		wc.x = ev->x;
 441		wc.y = ev->y;
 442		wc.width = ev->width;
 443		wc.height = ev->height;
 444		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 445		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 446		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 447		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 448	}
 449	XSync(dpy, False);
 450}
 451
 452void
 453destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 454	Client *c;
 455	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 456
 457	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 458		unmanage(c);
 459}
 460
 461void
 462detach(Client *c) {
 463	Client **tc;
 464
 465	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 466	*tc = c->next;
 467}
 468
 469void
 470detachstack(Client *c) {
 471	Client **tc;
 472
 473	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 474	*tc = c->snext;
 475}
 476
 477void
 478die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 479	va_list ap;
 480
 481	va_start(ap, errstr);
 482	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 483	va_end(ap);
 484	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 485}
 486
 487void
 488drawbar(void) {
 489	int x;
 490	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 491	unsigned long *col;
 492	Client *c;
 493
 494	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 495		occ |= c->tags;
 496		if(c->isurgent)
 497			urg |= c->tags;
 498	}
 499
 500	dc.x = 0;
 501	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 502		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 503		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 504		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 505		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 506		dc.x += dc.w;
 507	}
 508	if(blw > 0) {
 509		dc.w = blw;
 510		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 511		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 512	}
 513	else
 514		x = dc.x;
 515	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 516	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 517	if(dc.x < x) {
 518		dc.x = x;
 519		dc.w = ww - x;
 520	}
 521	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 522	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 523		dc.x = x;
 524		if(sel) {
 525			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 526			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 527		}
 528		else
 529			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 530	}
 531	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 532	XSync(dpy, False);
 533}
 534
 535void
 536drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 537	int x;
 538	XGCValues gcv;
 539	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 540
 541	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 542	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 543	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 544	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 545	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 546	if(filled) {
 547		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 548		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 549	}
 550	else if(empty) {
 551		r.width = r.height = x;
 552		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 553	}
 554}
 555
 556void
 557drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 558	char buf[256];
 559	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 560	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 561
 562	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 563	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 564	if(!text)
 565		return;
 566	olen = strlen(text);
 567	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 568	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 569	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 570	/* shorten text if necessary */
 571	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 572	if(!len)
 573		return;
 574	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 575	if(len < olen)
 576		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 577	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 578	if(dc.font.set)
 579		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 580	else
 581		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 582}
 583
 584void
 585enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 586	Client *c;
 587	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 588
 589	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 590		return;
 591	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 592		focus(c);
 593	else
 594		focus(NULL);
 595}
 596
 597void
 598expose(XEvent *e) {
 599	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 600
 601	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 602		drawbar();
 603}
 604
 605void
 606focus(Client *c) {
 607	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 608		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 609	if(sel && sel != c) {
 610		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 611		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 612	}
 613	if(c) {
 614		if(c->isurgent)
 615			clearurgent(c);
 616		detachstack(c);
 617		attachstack(c);
 618		grabbuttons(c, True);
 619		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 620		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 621	}
 622	else
 623		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 624	sel = c;
 625	drawbar();
 626}
 627
 628void
 629focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 630	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 631
 632	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 633		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 634}
 635
 636void
 637focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 638	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 639
 640	if(!sel)
 641		return;
 642	if (arg->i > 0) {
 643		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 644		if(!c)
 645			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 646	}
 647	else {
 648		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 649			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 650				c = i;
 651		if(!c)
 652			for(; i; i = i->next)
 653				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 654					c = i;
 655	}
 656	if(c) {
 657		focus(c);
 658		restack();
 659	}
 660}
 661
 662Client *
 663getclient(Window w) {
 664	Client *c;
 665
 666	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 667	return c;
 668}
 669
 670unsigned long
 671getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 672	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 673	XColor color;
 674
 675	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 676		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 677	return color.pixel;
 678}
 679
 680long
 681getstate(Window w) {
 682	int format, status;
 683	long result = -1;
 684	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 685	unsigned long n, extra;
 686	Atom real;
 687
 688	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 689			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 690	if(status != Success)
 691		return -1;
 692	if(n != 0)
 693		result = *p;
 694	XFree(p);
 695	return result;
 696}
 697
 698Bool
 699gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 700	char **list = NULL;
 701	int n;
 702	XTextProperty name;
 703
 704	if(!text || size == 0)
 705		return False;
 706	text[0] = '\0';
 707	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 708	if(!name.nitems)
 709		return False;
 710	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 711		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 712	else {
 713		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 714		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 715			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 716			XFreeStringList(list);
 717		}
 718	}
 719	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 720	XFree(name.value);
 721	return True;
 722}
 723
 724void
 725grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 726	updatenumlockmask();
 727	{
 728		unsigned int i, j;
 729		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 730		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 731		if(focused) {
 732			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 733				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 734					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 735						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 736		} else
 737			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 738			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 739	}
 740}
 741
 742void
 743grabkeys(void) {
 744	updatenumlockmask();
 745	{ /* grab keys */
 746		unsigned int i, j;
 747		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 748		KeyCode code;
 749
 750		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 751		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 752			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 753				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 754					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 755						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 756		}
 757	}
 758}
 759
 760void
 761initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 762	char *def, **missing;
 763	int i, n;
 764
 765	missing = NULL;
 766	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 767	if(missing) {
 768		while(n--)
 769			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 770		XFreeStringList(missing);
 771	}
 772	if(dc.font.set) {
 773		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 774		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 775		char **font_names;
 776		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 777		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 778		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 779		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 780			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 781			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 782			xfonts++;
 783		}
 784	}
 785	else {
 786		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 787		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 788			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 789		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 790		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 791	}
 792	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 793}
 794
 795Bool
 796isprotodel(Client *c) {
 797	int i, n;
 798	Atom *protocols;
 799	Bool ret = False;
 800
 801	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 802		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 803			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 804				ret = True;
 805		XFree(protocols);
 806	}
 807	return ret;
 808}
 809
 810void
 811keypress(XEvent *e) {
 812	unsigned int i;
 813	KeySym keysym;
 814	XKeyEvent *ev;
 815
 816	ev = &e->xkey;
 817	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 818	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 819		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 820		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 821		   && keys[i].func)
 822			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 823}
 824
 825void
 826killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 827	XEvent ev;
 828
 829	if(!sel)
 830		return;
 831	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 832		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 833		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 834		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 835		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 836		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 837		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 838		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 839	}
 840	else
 841		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 842}
 843
 844void
 845manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 846	static Client cz;
 847	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 848	Window trans = None;
 849	XWindowChanges wc;
 850
 851	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 852		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 853	*c = cz;
 854	c->win = w;
 855
 856	/* geometry */
 857	c->x = wa->x;
 858	c->y = wa->y;
 859	c->w = wa->width;
 860	c->h = wa->height;
 861	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 862	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 863		c->x = sx;
 864		c->y = sy;
 865		c->bw = 0;
 866	}
 867	else {
 868		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 869			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 870		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 871			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 872		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 873		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 874		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 875		c->bw = borderpx;
 876	}
 877
 878	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 879	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 880	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 881	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 882	updatesizehints(c);
 883	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 884	grabbuttons(c, False);
 885	updatetitle(c);
 886	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 887		t = getclient(trans);
 888	if(t)
 889		c->tags = t->tags;
 890	else
 891		applyrules(c);
 892	if(!c->isfloating)
 893		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 894	if(c->isfloating)
 895		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 896	attach(c);
 897	attachstack(c);
 898	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 899	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 900	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 901	arrange();
 902}
 903
 904void
 905mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 906	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 907
 908	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 909	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 910		grabkeys();
 911}
 912
 913void
 914maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 915	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 916	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 917
 918	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 919		return;
 920	if(wa.override_redirect)
 921		return;
 922	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 923		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 924}
 925
 926void
 927monocle(void) {
 928	unsigned int n;
 929	Client *c;
 930
 931	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c && n < 2; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 932	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
 933		ADJUSTBORDER(c, (n == 1 ? 0 : borderpx))
 934		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 935	}
 936}
 937
 938void
 939movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 940	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 941	unsigned int dui;
 942	Client *c;
 943	Window dummy;
 944	XEvent ev;
 945
 946	if(!(c = sel))
 947		return;
 948	restack();
 949	ocx = c->x;
 950	ocy = c->y;
 951	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 952	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 953		return;
 954	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
 955	if(usegrab)
 956		XGrabServer(dpy);
 957	do {
 958		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 959		switch (ev.type) {
 960		case ConfigureRequest:
 961		case Expose:
 962		case MapRequest:
 963			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 964			break;
 965		case MotionNotify:
 966			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
 967			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
 968			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
 969			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
 970				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
 971					nx = wx;
 972				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
 973					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
 974				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
 975					ny = wy;
 976				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
 977					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
 978				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
 979					togglefloating(NULL);
 980			}
 981			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 982				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
 983			break;
 984		}
 985	}
 986	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
 987	if(usegrab)
 988		XUngrabServer(dpy);
 989	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 990}
 991
 992Client *
 993nexttiled(Client *c) {
 994	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
 995	return c;
 996}
 997
 998void
 999propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1000	Client *c;
1001	Window trans;
1002	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1003
1004	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom = XA_WM_NAME))
1005		updatestatus();
1006	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1007		return; /* ignore */
1008	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1009		switch (ev->atom) {
1010		default: break;
1011		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1012			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1013			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1014				arrange();
1015			break;
1016		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1017			updatesizehints(c);
1018			break;
1019		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1020			updatewmhints(c);
1021			drawbar();
1022			break;
1023		}
1024		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1025			updatetitle(c);
1026			if(c == sel)
1027				drawbar();
1028		}
1029	}
1030}
1031
1032void
1033quit(const Arg *arg) {
1034	running = False;
1035}
1036
1037void
1038resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1039	XWindowChanges wc;
1040
1041	if(sizehints) {
1042		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
1043		Bool baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
1044
1045		/* set minimum possible */
1046		w = MAX(1, w);
1047		h = MAX(1, h);
1048
1049		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1050			w -= c->basew;
1051			h -= c->baseh;
1052		}
1053
1054		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1055		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1056			if(c->maxa < (float)w / h)
1057				w = h * c->maxa;
1058			else if(c->mina < (float)h / w)
1059				h = w * c->mina;
1060		}
1061
1062		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
1063			w -= c->basew;
1064			h -= c->baseh;
1065		}
1066
1067		/* adjust for increment value */
1068		if(c->incw)
1069			w -= w % c->incw;
1070		if(c->inch)
1071			h -= h % c->inch;
1072
1073		/* restore base dimensions */
1074		w += c->basew;
1075		h += c->baseh;
1076
1077		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1078		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1079
1080		if(c->maxw)
1081			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1082
1083		if(c->maxh)
1084			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1085	}
1086	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1087		return;
1088	if(x > sx + sw)
1089		x = sw - WIDTH(c);
1090	if(y > sy + sh)
1091		y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
1092	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1093		x = sx;
1094	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1095		y = sy;
1096	if(h < bh)
1097		h = bh;
1098	if(w < bh)
1099		w = bh;
1100	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1101		c->x = wc.x = x;
1102		c->y = wc.y = y;
1103		c->w = wc.width = w;
1104		c->h = wc.height = h;
1105		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1106		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1107				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1108		configure(c);
1109		XSync(dpy, False);
1110	}
1111}
1112
1113void
1114resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1115	int ocx, ocy;
1116	int nw, nh;
1117	Client *c;
1118	XEvent ev;
1119
1120	if(!(c = sel))
1121		return;
1122	restack();
1123	ocx = c->x;
1124	ocy = c->y;
1125	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1126	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1127		return;
1128	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1129	if(usegrab)
1130		XGrabServer(dpy);
1131	do {
1132		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1133		switch(ev.type) {
1134		case ConfigureRequest:
1135		case Expose:
1136		case MapRequest:
1137			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1138			break;
1139		case MotionNotify:
1140			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1141			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1142			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1143			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1144				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1145				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1146					togglefloating(NULL);
1147			}
1148			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1149				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1150			break;
1151		}
1152	}
1153	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1154	if(usegrab)
1155		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1156	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1157	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1158	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1159}
1160
1161void
1162restack(void) {
1163	Client *c;
1164	XEvent ev;
1165	XWindowChanges wc;
1166
1167	drawbar();
1168	if(!sel)
1169		return;
1170	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1171		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1172	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1173		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1174		wc.sibling = barwin;
1175		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1176			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1177				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1178				wc.sibling = c->win;
1179			}
1180	}
1181	XSync(dpy, False);
1182	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1183}
1184
1185void
1186run(void) {
1187	XEvent ev;
1188
1189	/* main event loop */
1190	XSync(dpy, False);
1191	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1192		if(handler[ev.type])
1193			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1194	}
1195}
1196
1197void
1198scan(void) {
1199	unsigned int i, num;
1200	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1201	XWindowAttributes wa;
1202
1203	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1204		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1205			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1206			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1207				continue;
1208			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1209				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1210		}
1211		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1212			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1213				continue;
1214			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1215			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1216				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1217		}
1218		if(wins)
1219			XFree(wins);
1220	}
1221}
1222
1223void
1224setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1225	long data[] = {state, None};
1226
1227	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1228			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1229}
1230
1231void
1232setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1233	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1234		sellt ^= 1;
1235	if(arg && arg->v)
1236		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1237	if(sel)
1238		arrange();
1239	else
1240		drawbar();
1241}
1242
1243/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1244void
1245setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1246	float f;
1247
1248	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1249		return;
1250	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1251	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1252		return;
1253	mfact = f;
1254	arrange();
1255}
1256
1257void
1258setup(void) {
1259	unsigned int i;
1260	int w;
1261	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1262
1263	/* init screen */
1264	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1265	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1266	initfont(font);
1267	sx = 0;
1268	sy = 0;
1269	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1270	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1271	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1272	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1273	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1274	updategeom();
1275
1276	/* init atoms */
1277	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1278	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1279	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1280	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1281	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1282
1283	/* init cursors */
1284	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1285	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1286	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1287
1288	/* init appearance */
1289	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1290	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1291	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1292	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1293	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1294	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1295	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1296	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1297	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1298	if(!dc.font.set)
1299		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1300
1301	/* init bar */
1302	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1303		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1304		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1305	}
1306
1307	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1308	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1309	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1310
1311	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1312			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1313			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1314	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1315	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1316	updatestatus();
1317
1318	/* EWMH support per view */
1319	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1320			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1321
1322	/* select for events */
1323	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1324			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1325			|PropertyChangeMask;
1326	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1327	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1328
1329	grabkeys();
1330}
1331
1332void
1333showhide(Client *c) {
1334	if(!c)
1335		return;
1336	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1337		ADJUSTBORDER(c, borderpx)
1338		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1339		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1340			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1341		showhide(c->snext);
1342	}
1343	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1344		showhide(c->snext);
1345		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1346	}
1347}
1348
1349
1350void
1351sigchld(int signal) {
1352	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1353}
1354
1355void
1356spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1357	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1358	if(fork() == 0) {
1359		if(dpy)
1360			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1361		setsid();
1362		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1363		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1364		perror(" failed");
1365		exit(0);
1366	}
1367}
1368
1369void
1370tag(const Arg *arg) {
1371	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1372		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1373		arrange();
1374	}
1375}
1376
1377int
1378textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1379	XRectangle r;
1380
1381	if(dc.font.set) {
1382		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1383		return r.width;
1384	}
1385	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1386}
1387
1388void
1389tile(void) {
1390	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1391	unsigned int i, n;
1392	Client *c;
1393
1394	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1395	if(n == 0)
1396		return;
1397
1398	/* master */
1399	c = nexttiled(clients);
1400	mw = mfact * ww;
1401	ADJUSTBORDER(c, (n == 1 ? 0 : borderpx))
1402	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1403
1404	if(--n == 0)
1405		return;
1406
1407	/* tile stack */
1408	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1409	y = wy;
1410	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1411	h = wh / n;
1412	if(h < bh)
1413		h = wh;
1414
1415	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1416		ADJUSTBORDER(c, borderpx)
1417		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1418		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), resizehints);
1419		if(h != wh)
1420			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1421	}
1422}
1423
1424void
1425togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1426	showbar = !showbar;
1427	updategeom();
1428	updatebar();
1429	arrange();
1430}
1431
1432void
1433togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1434	if(!sel)
1435		return;
1436	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1437	if(sel->isfloating)
1438		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1439	arrange();
1440}
1441
1442void
1443toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1444	unsigned int mask;
1445
1446	if (!sel)
1447		return;
1448	
1449	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1450	if(sel && mask) {
1451		sel->tags = mask;
1452		arrange();
1453	}
1454}
1455
1456void
1457toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1458	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1459
1460	if(mask) {
1461		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1462		arrange();
1463	}
1464}
1465
1466void
1467unmanage(Client *c) {
1468	XWindowChanges wc;
1469
1470	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1471	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1472	XGrabServer(dpy);
1473	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1474	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1475	detach(c);
1476	detachstack(c);
1477	if(sel == c)
1478		focus(NULL);
1479	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1480	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1481	free(c);
1482	XSync(dpy, False);
1483	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1484	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1485	arrange();
1486}
1487
1488void
1489unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1490	Client *c;
1491	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1492
1493	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1494		unmanage(c);
1495}
1496
1497void
1498updatebar(void) {
1499	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1500		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1501	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1502	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1503}
1504
1505void
1506updategeom(void) {
1507#ifdef XINERAMA
1508	int n, i = 0;
1509	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1510
1511	/* window area geometry */
1512	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1513		if(n > 1) {
1514			int di, x, y;
1515			unsigned int dui;
1516			Window dummy;
1517			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1518				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1519					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1520						break;
1521		}
1522		wx = info[i].x_org;
1523		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1524		ww = info[i].width;
1525		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1526		XFree(info);
1527	}
1528	else
1529#endif
1530	{
1531		wx = sx;
1532		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1533		ww = sw;
1534		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1535	}
1536
1537	/* bar position */
1538	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1539}
1540
1541void
1542updatenumlockmask(void) {
1543	unsigned int i, j;
1544	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1545
1546	numlockmask = 0;
1547	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1548	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1549		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1550			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1551				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1552	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1553}
1554
1555void
1556updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1557	long msize;
1558	XSizeHints size;
1559
1560	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1561		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1562		size.flags = PSize; 
1563	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1564		c->basew = size.base_width;
1565		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1566	}
1567	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1568		c->basew = size.min_width;
1569		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1570	}
1571	else
1572		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1573	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1574		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1575		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1576	}
1577	else
1578		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1579	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1580		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1581		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1582	}
1583	else
1584		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1585	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1586		c->minw = size.min_width;
1587		c->minh = size.min_height;
1588	}
1589	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1590		c->minw = size.base_width;
1591		c->minh = size.base_height;
1592	}
1593	else
1594		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1595	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1596		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1597		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1598	}
1599	else
1600		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1601	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1602	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1603}
1604
1605void
1606updatetitle(Client *c) {
1607	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1608		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1609}
1610
1611void
1612updatestatus() {
1613	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1614		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1615	drawbar();
1616}
1617
1618void
1619updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1620	XWMHints *wmh;
1621
1622	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1623		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1624			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1625			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1626		}
1627		else
1628			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1629
1630		XFree(wmh);
1631	}
1632}
1633
1634void
1635view(const Arg *arg) {
1636	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1637		return;
1638	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1639	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1640		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1641	arrange();
1642}
1643
1644/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1645 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1646 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1647int
1648xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1649	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1650	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1651	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1652	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1653	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1654	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1655	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1656	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1657	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1658		return 0;
1659	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1660			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1661	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1662}
1663
1664int
1665xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1666	return 0;
1667}
1668
1669/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1670 * is already running. */
1671int
1672xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1673	otherwm = True;
1674	return -1;
1675}
1676
1677void
1678zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1679	Client *c = sel;
1680
1681	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1682		return;
1683	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1684		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1685			return;
1686	detach(c);
1687	attach(c);
1688	focus(c);
1689	arrange();
1690}
1691
1692int
1693main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1694	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1695		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1696	else if(argc != 1)
1697		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1698
1699	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1700		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1701
1702	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1703		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1704
1705	checkotherwm();
1706	setup();
1707	scan();
1708	run();
1709	cleanup();
1710
1711	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1712	return 0;
1713}