1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  48#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  50#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  51#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  52#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  54#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  55#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66typedef union {
  67	int i;
  68	unsigned int ui;
  69	float f;
  70	void *v;
  71} Arg;
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	unsigned int click;
  75	unsigned int mask;
  76	unsigned int button;
  77	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78	const Arg arg;
  79} Button;
  80
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Window win;
  93};
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	int x, y, w, h;
  97	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  98	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  99	Drawable drawable;
 100	GC gc;
 101	struct {
 102		int ascent;
 103		int descent;
 104		int height;
 105		XFontSet set;
 106		XFontStruct *xfont;
 107	} font;
 108} DC; /* draw context */
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	unsigned int mod;
 112	KeySym keysym;
 113	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 114	const Arg arg;
 115} Key;
 116
 117typedef struct {
 118	const char *symbol;
 119	void (*arrange)(void);
 120} Layout;
 121
 122typedef struct {
 123	const char *class;
 124	const char *instance;
 125	const char *title;
 126	unsigned int tags;
 127	Bool isfloating;
 128} Rule;
 129
 130/* function declarations */
 131static void applyrules(Client *c);
 132static void applysizehints(Client *c, int *w, int *h);
 133static void arrange(void);
 134static void attach(Client *c);
 135static void attachstack(Client *c);
 136static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 137static void checkotherwm(void);
 138static void cleanup(void);
 139static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 140static void configure(Client *c);
 141static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 142static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 143static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 144static void detach(Client *c);
 145static void detachstack(Client *c);
 146static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 147static void drawbar(void);
 148static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 149static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 150static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 151static void expose(XEvent *e);
 152static void focus(Client *c);
 153static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 154static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 155static Client *getclient(Window w);
 156static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 157static long getstate(Window w);
 158static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 159static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 160static void grabkeys(void);
 161static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 162static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 163static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 164static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 165static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 166static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 167static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 168static void monocle(void);
 169static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 170static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 171static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 173static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 174static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 175static void restack(void);
 176static void run(void);
 177static void scan(void);
 178static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 179static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 180static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 181static void setup(void);
 182static void showhide(Client *c, unsigned int ntiled);
 183static void sigchld(int signal);
 184static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 185static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 186static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 187static void tile(void);
 188static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 189static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 190static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 191static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 192static void unmanage(Client *c);
 193static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void updatebar(void);
 195static void updategeom(void);
 196static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 197static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 198static void updatestatus(void);
 199static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 200static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 201static void view(const Arg *arg);
 202static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 206
 207/* variables */
 208static char stext[256];
 209static int screen;
 210static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 211static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 212static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 213static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 214static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 215static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 216static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 217	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 218	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 219	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 220	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 221	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 222	[Expose] = expose,
 223	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 224	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 225	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 226	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 227	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 228	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 229};
 230static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 231static Bool otherwm;
 232static Bool running = True;
 233static Client *clients = NULL;
 234static Client *sel = NULL;
 235static Client *stack = NULL;
 236static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 237static Display *dpy;
 238static DC dc;
 239static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 240static Window root, barwin;
 241/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 242#include "config.h"
 243
 244/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 245struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 246
 247/* function implementations */
 248void
 249applyrules(Client *c) {
 250	unsigned int i;
 251	Rule *r;
 252	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 253
 254	/* rule matching */
 255	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 256		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 257			r = &rules[i];
 258			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 259			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 260			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 261				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 262				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK ? r->tags & TAGMASK : tagset[seltags]; 
 263			}
 264		}
 265		if(ch.res_class)
 266			XFree(ch.res_class);
 267		if(ch.res_name)
 268			XFree(ch.res_name);
 269	}
 270	if(!c->tags)
 271		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 272}
 273
 274void
 275applysizehints(Client *c, int *w, int *h) {
 276	Bool baseismin;
 277
 278	/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 279	baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 280
 281	/* set minimum possible */
 282	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 283	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 284
 285	if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 286		*w -= c->basew;
 287		*h -= c->baseh;
 288	}
 289
 290	/* adjust for aspect limits */
 291	if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 292		if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 293			*w = *h * c->maxa;
 294		else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 295			*h = *w * c->mina;
 296	}
 297
 298	if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 299		*w -= c->basew;
 300		*h -= c->baseh;
 301	}
 302
 303	/* adjust for increment value */
 304	if(c->incw)
 305		*w -= *w % c->incw;
 306	if(c->inch)
 307		*h -= *h % c->inch;
 308
 309	/* restore base dimensions */
 310	*w += c->basew;
 311	*h += c->baseh;
 312
 313	*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 314	*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 315
 316	if(c->maxw)
 317		*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 318
 319	if(c->maxh)
 320		*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 321}
 322
 323void
 324arrange(void) {
 325	unsigned int nt;
 326	Client *c;
 327
 328	for(nt = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), nt++);
 329	showhide(stack, nt);
 330	focus(NULL);
 331	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 332		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 333	restack();
 334}
 335
 336void
 337attach(Client *c) {
 338	c->next = clients;
 339	clients = c;
 340}
 341
 342void
 343attachstack(Client *c) {
 344	c->snext = stack;
 345	stack = c;
 346}
 347
 348void
 349buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 350	unsigned int i, x, click;
 351	Arg arg = {0};
 352	Client *c;
 353	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 354
 355	click = ClkRootWin;
 356	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 357		i = x = 0;
 358		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 359		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 360			click = ClkTagBar;
 361			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 362		}
 363		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 364			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 365		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 366			click = ClkStatusText;
 367		else
 368			click = ClkWinTitle;
 369	}
 370	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 371		focus(c);
 372		click = ClkClientWin;
 373	}
 374
 375	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 376		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 377		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 378			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 379}
 380
 381void
 382checkotherwm(void) {
 383	otherwm = False;
 384	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 385
 386	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 387	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 388	XSync(dpy, False);
 389	if(otherwm)
 390		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 391	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 392	XSync(dpy, False);
 393}
 394
 395void
 396cleanup(void) {
 397	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 398	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 399
 400	view(&a);
 401	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 402	while(stack)
 403		unmanage(stack);
 404	if(dc.font.set)
 405		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 406	else
 407		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 408	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 409	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 410	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 411	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 412	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 413	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 414	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 415	XSync(dpy, False);
 416	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 417}
 418
 419void
 420clearurgent(Client *c) {
 421	XWMHints *wmh;
 422
 423	c->isurgent = False;
 424	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 425		return;
 426	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 427	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 428	XFree(wmh);
 429}
 430
 431void
 432configure(Client *c) {
 433	XConfigureEvent ce;
 434
 435	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 436	ce.display = dpy;
 437	ce.event = c->win;
 438	ce.window = c->win;
 439	ce.x = c->x;
 440	ce.y = c->y;
 441	ce.width = c->w;
 442	ce.height = c->h;
 443	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 444	ce.above = None;
 445	ce.override_redirect = False;
 446	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 447}
 448
 449void
 450configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 451	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 452
 453	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 454		sw = ev->width;
 455		sh = ev->height;
 456		updategeom();
 457		updatebar();
 458		arrange();
 459	}
 460}
 461
 462void
 463configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 464	Client *c;
 465	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 466	XWindowChanges wc;
 467
 468	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 469		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 470			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 471		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 472			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 473				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 474			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 475				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 476			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 477				c->w = ev->width;
 478			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 479				c->h = ev->height;
 480			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 481				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 482			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 483				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 484			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 485				configure(c);
 486			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 487				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 488		}
 489		else
 490			configure(c);
 491	}
 492	else {
 493		wc.x = ev->x;
 494		wc.y = ev->y;
 495		wc.width = ev->width;
 496		wc.height = ev->height;
 497		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 498		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 499		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 500		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 501	}
 502	XSync(dpy, False);
 503}
 504
 505void
 506destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 507	Client *c;
 508	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 509
 510	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 511		unmanage(c);
 512}
 513
 514void
 515detach(Client *c) {
 516	Client **tc;
 517
 518	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 519	*tc = c->next;
 520}
 521
 522void
 523detachstack(Client *c) {
 524	Client **tc;
 525
 526	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 527	*tc = c->snext;
 528}
 529
 530void
 531die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 532	va_list ap;
 533
 534	va_start(ap, errstr);
 535	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 536	va_end(ap);
 537	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 538}
 539
 540void
 541drawbar(void) {
 542	int x;
 543	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 544	unsigned long *col;
 545	Client *c;
 546
 547	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 548		occ |= c->tags;
 549		if(c->isurgent)
 550			urg |= c->tags;
 551	}
 552
 553	dc.x = 0;
 554	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 555		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 556		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 557		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 558		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 559		dc.x += dc.w;
 560	}
 561	if(blw > 0) {
 562		dc.w = blw;
 563		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 564		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 565	}
 566	else
 567		x = dc.x;
 568	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 569	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 570	if(dc.x < x) {
 571		dc.x = x;
 572		dc.w = ww - x;
 573	}
 574	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 575	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 576		dc.x = x;
 577		if(sel) {
 578			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 579			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 580		}
 581		else
 582			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 583	}
 584	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 585	XSync(dpy, False);
 586}
 587
 588void
 589drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 590	int x;
 591	XGCValues gcv;
 592	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 593
 594	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 595	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 596	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 597	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 598	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 599	if(filled) {
 600		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 601		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 602	}
 603	else if(empty) {
 604		r.width = r.height = x;
 605		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 606	}
 607}
 608
 609void
 610drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 611	char buf[256];
 612	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 613	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 614
 615	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 616	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 617	if(!text)
 618		return;
 619	olen = strlen(text);
 620	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 621	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 622	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 623	/* shorten text if necessary */
 624	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 625	if(!len)
 626		return;
 627	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 628	if(len < olen)
 629		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 630	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 631	if(dc.font.set)
 632		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 633	else
 634		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 635}
 636
 637void
 638enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 639	Client *c;
 640	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 641
 642	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 643		return;
 644	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 645		focus(c);
 646	else
 647		focus(NULL);
 648}
 649
 650void
 651expose(XEvent *e) {
 652	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 653
 654	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 655		drawbar();
 656}
 657
 658void
 659focus(Client *c) {
 660	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 661		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 662	if(sel && sel != c) {
 663		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 664		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 665	}
 666	if(c) {
 667		if(c->isurgent)
 668			clearurgent(c);
 669		detachstack(c);
 670		attachstack(c);
 671		grabbuttons(c, True);
 672		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 673		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 674	}
 675	else
 676		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 677	sel = c;
 678	drawbar();
 679}
 680
 681void
 682focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 683	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 684
 685	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 686		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 687}
 688
 689void
 690focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 691	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 692
 693	if(!sel)
 694		return;
 695	if (arg->i > 0) {
 696		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 697		if(!c)
 698			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 699	}
 700	else {
 701		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 702			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 703				c = i;
 704		if(!c)
 705			for(; i; i = i->next)
 706				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 707					c = i;
 708	}
 709	if(c) {
 710		focus(c);
 711		restack();
 712	}
 713}
 714
 715Client *
 716getclient(Window w) {
 717	Client *c;
 718
 719	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 720	return c;
 721}
 722
 723unsigned long
 724getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 725	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 726	XColor color;
 727
 728	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 729		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 730	return color.pixel;
 731}
 732
 733long
 734getstate(Window w) {
 735	int format, status;
 736	long result = -1;
 737	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 738	unsigned long n, extra;
 739	Atom real;
 740
 741	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 742			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 743	if(status != Success)
 744		return -1;
 745	if(n != 0)
 746		result = *p;
 747	XFree(p);
 748	return result;
 749}
 750
 751Bool
 752gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 753	char **list = NULL;
 754	int n;
 755	XTextProperty name;
 756
 757	if(!text || size == 0)
 758		return False;
 759	text[0] = '\0';
 760	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 761	if(!name.nitems)
 762		return False;
 763	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 764		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 765	else {
 766		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 767		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 768			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 769			XFreeStringList(list);
 770		}
 771	}
 772	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 773	XFree(name.value);
 774	return True;
 775}
 776
 777void
 778grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 779	updatenumlockmask();
 780	{
 781		unsigned int i, j;
 782		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 783		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 784		if(focused) {
 785			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 786				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 787					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 788						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 789		} else
 790			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 791			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 792	}
 793}
 794
 795void
 796grabkeys(void) {
 797	updatenumlockmask();
 798	{ /* grab keys */
 799		unsigned int i, j;
 800		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 801		KeyCode code;
 802
 803		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 804		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 805			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 806				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 807					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 808						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 809		}
 810	}
 811}
 812
 813void
 814initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 815	char *def, **missing;
 816	int i, n;
 817
 818	missing = NULL;
 819	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 820	if(missing) {
 821		while(n--)
 822			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 823		XFreeStringList(missing);
 824	}
 825	if(dc.font.set) {
 826		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 827		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 828		char **font_names;
 829		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 830		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 831		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 832		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 833			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 834			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 835			xfonts++;
 836		}
 837	}
 838	else {
 839		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 840		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 841			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 842		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 843		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 844	}
 845	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 846}
 847
 848Bool
 849isprotodel(Client *c) {
 850	int i, n;
 851	Atom *protocols;
 852	Bool ret = False;
 853
 854	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 855		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 856			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 857				ret = True;
 858		XFree(protocols);
 859	}
 860	return ret;
 861}
 862
 863void
 864keypress(XEvent *e) {
 865	unsigned int i;
 866	KeySym keysym;
 867	XKeyEvent *ev;
 868
 869	ev = &e->xkey;
 870	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 871	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 872		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 873		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 874		   && keys[i].func)
 875			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 876}
 877
 878void
 879killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 880	XEvent ev;
 881
 882	if(!sel)
 883		return;
 884	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 885		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 886		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 887		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 888		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 889		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 890		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 891		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 892	}
 893	else
 894		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 895}
 896
 897void
 898manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 899	static Client cz;
 900	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 901	Window trans = None;
 902	XWindowChanges wc;
 903
 904	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 905		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 906	*c = cz;
 907	c->win = w;
 908
 909	/* geometry */
 910	c->x = wa->x;
 911	c->y = wa->y;
 912	c->w = wa->width;
 913	c->h = wa->height;
 914	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 915	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 916		c->x = sx;
 917		c->y = sy;
 918		c->bw = 0;
 919	}
 920	else {
 921		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 922			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 923		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 924			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 925		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 926		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 927		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 928		c->bw = borderpx;
 929	}
 930
 931	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 932	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 933	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 934	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 935	updatesizehints(c);
 936	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 937	grabbuttons(c, False);
 938	updatetitle(c);
 939	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 940		t = getclient(trans);
 941	if(t)
 942		c->tags = t->tags;
 943	else
 944		applyrules(c);
 945	if(!c->isfloating)
 946		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 947	if(c->isfloating)
 948		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 949	attach(c);
 950	attachstack(c);
 951	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 952	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 953	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 954	arrange();
 955}
 956
 957void
 958mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 959	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 960
 961	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 962	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 963		grabkeys();
 964}
 965
 966void
 967maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 968	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 969	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 970
 971	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 972		return;
 973	if(wa.override_redirect)
 974		return;
 975	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 976		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 977}
 978
 979void
 980monocle(void) {
 981	Client *c;
 982
 983	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
 984		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 985	}
 986}
 987
 988void
 989movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 990	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 991	unsigned int dui;
 992	Client *c;
 993	Window dummy;
 994	XEvent ev;
 995
 996	if(!(c = sel))
 997		return;
 998	restack();
 999	ocx = c->x;
1000	ocy = c->y;
1001	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1002	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1003		return;
1004	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1005	if(usegrab)
1006		XGrabServer(dpy);
1007	do {
1008		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1009		switch (ev.type) {
1010		case ConfigureRequest:
1011		case Expose:
1012		case MapRequest:
1013			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1014			break;
1015		case MotionNotify:
1016			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1017			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1018			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1019			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1020				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1021					nx = wx;
1022				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1023					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
1024				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1025					ny = wy;
1026				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1027					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
1028				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1029					togglefloating(NULL);
1030			}
1031			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1032				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1033			break;
1034		}
1035	}
1036	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1037	if(usegrab)
1038		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1039	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1040}
1041
1042Client *
1043nexttiled(Client *c) {
1044	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1045	return c;
1046}
1047
1048void
1049propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1050	Client *c;
1051	Window trans;
1052	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1053
1054	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1055		updatestatus();
1056	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1057		return; /* ignore */
1058	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1059		switch (ev->atom) {
1060		default: break;
1061		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1062			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1063			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1064				arrange();
1065			break;
1066		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1067			updatesizehints(c);
1068			break;
1069		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1070			updatewmhints(c);
1071			drawbar();
1072			break;
1073		}
1074		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1075			updatetitle(c);
1076			if(c == sel)
1077				drawbar();
1078		}
1079	}
1080}
1081
1082void
1083quit(const Arg *arg) {
1084	running = False;
1085}
1086
1087void
1088resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1089	XWindowChanges wc;
1090
1091	if(sizehints)
1092		applysizehints(c, &w, &h);
1093	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1094		return;
1095	if(x > sx + sw)
1096		x = sw - WIDTH(c);
1097	if(y > sy + sh)
1098		y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
1099	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1100		x = sx;
1101	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1102		y = sy;
1103	if(h < bh)
1104		h = bh;
1105	if(w < bh)
1106		w = bh;
1107	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1108		c->x = wc.x = x;
1109		c->y = wc.y = y;
1110		c->w = wc.width = w;
1111		c->h = wc.height = h;
1112		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1113		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1114				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1115		configure(c);
1116		XSync(dpy, False);
1117	}
1118}
1119
1120void
1121resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1122	int ocx, ocy;
1123	int nw, nh;
1124	Client *c;
1125	XEvent ev;
1126
1127	if(!(c = sel))
1128		return;
1129	restack();
1130	ocx = c->x;
1131	ocy = c->y;
1132	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1133	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1134		return;
1135	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1136	if(usegrab)
1137		XGrabServer(dpy);
1138	do {
1139		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1140		switch(ev.type) {
1141		case ConfigureRequest:
1142		case Expose:
1143		case MapRequest:
1144			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1145			break;
1146		case MotionNotify:
1147			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1148			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1149
1150			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1151			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1152				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1153				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1154					togglefloating(NULL);
1155			}
1156			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1157				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1158			break;
1159		}
1160	}
1161	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1162	if(usegrab)
1163		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1164	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1165	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1166	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1167}
1168
1169void
1170restack(void) {
1171	Client *c;
1172	XEvent ev;
1173	XWindowChanges wc;
1174
1175	drawbar();
1176	if(!sel)
1177		return;
1178	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1179		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1180	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1181		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1182		wc.sibling = barwin;
1183		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1184			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1185				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1186				wc.sibling = c->win;
1187			}
1188	}
1189	XSync(dpy, False);
1190	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1191}
1192
1193void
1194run(void) {
1195	XEvent ev;
1196
1197	/* main event loop */
1198	XSync(dpy, False);
1199	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1200		if(handler[ev.type])
1201			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1202	}
1203}
1204
1205void
1206scan(void) {
1207	unsigned int i, num;
1208	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1209	XWindowAttributes wa;
1210
1211	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1212		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1213			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1214			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1215				continue;
1216			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1217				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1218		}
1219		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1220			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1221				continue;
1222			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1223			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1224				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1225		}
1226		if(wins)
1227			XFree(wins);
1228	}
1229}
1230
1231void
1232setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1233	long data[] = {state, None};
1234
1235	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1236			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1237}
1238
1239void
1240setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1241	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1242		sellt ^= 1;
1243	if(arg && arg->v)
1244		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1245	if(sel)
1246		arrange();
1247	else
1248		drawbar();
1249}
1250
1251/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1252void
1253setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1254	float f;
1255
1256	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1257		return;
1258	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1259	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1260		return;
1261	mfact = f;
1262	arrange();
1263}
1264
1265void
1266setup(void) {
1267	unsigned int i;
1268	int w;
1269	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1270
1271	/* init screen */
1272	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1273	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1274	initfont(font);
1275	sx = 0;
1276	sy = 0;
1277	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1278	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1279	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1280	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1281	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1282	updategeom();
1283
1284	/* init atoms */
1285	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1286	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1287	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1288	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1289	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1290
1291	/* init cursors */
1292	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1293	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1294	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1295
1296	/* init appearance */
1297	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1298	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1299	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1300	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1301	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1302	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1303	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1304	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1305	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1306	if(!dc.font.set)
1307		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1308
1309	/* init bar */
1310	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1311		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1312		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1313	}
1314
1315	wa.override_redirect = True;
1316	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1317	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1318
1319	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1320			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1321			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1322	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1323	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1324	updatestatus();
1325
1326	/* EWMH support per view */
1327	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1328			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1329
1330	/* select for events */
1331	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1332			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1333			|PropertyChangeMask;
1334	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1335	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1336
1337	grabkeys();
1338}
1339
1340void
1341showhide(Client *c, unsigned int ntiled) {
1342	if(!c)
1343		return;
1344	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1345		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1346		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1347			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1348		showhide(c->snext, ntiled);
1349	}
1350	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1351		showhide(c->snext, ntiled);
1352		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1353	}
1354}
1355
1356
1357void
1358sigchld(int signal) {
1359	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1360}
1361
1362void
1363spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1364	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1365	if(fork() == 0) {
1366		if(dpy)
1367			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1368		setsid();
1369		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1370		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1371		perror(" failed");
1372		exit(0);
1373	}
1374}
1375
1376void
1377tag(const Arg *arg) {
1378	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1379		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1380		arrange();
1381	}
1382}
1383
1384int
1385textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1386	XRectangle r;
1387
1388	if(dc.font.set) {
1389		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1390		return r.width;
1391	}
1392	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1393}
1394
1395void
1396tile(void) {
1397	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1398	unsigned int i, n;
1399	Client *c;
1400
1401	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1402	if(n == 0)
1403		return;
1404
1405	/* master */
1406	c = nexttiled(clients);
1407	mw = mfact * ww;
1408	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1409
1410	if(--n == 0)
1411		return;
1412
1413	/* tile stack */
1414	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1415	y = wy;
1416	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1417	h = wh / n;
1418	if(h < bh)
1419		h = wh;
1420
1421	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1422		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1423		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), resizehints);
1424		if(h != wh)
1425			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1426	}
1427}
1428
1429void
1430togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1431	showbar = !showbar;
1432	updategeom();
1433	updatebar();
1434	arrange();
1435}
1436
1437void
1438togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1439	if(!sel)
1440		return;
1441	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1442	if(sel->isfloating)
1443		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1444	arrange();
1445}
1446
1447void
1448toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1449	unsigned int mask;
1450
1451	if (!sel)
1452		return;
1453	
1454	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1455	if(mask) {
1456		sel->tags = mask;
1457		arrange();
1458	}
1459}
1460
1461void
1462toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1463	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1464
1465	if(mask) {
1466		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1467		arrange();
1468	}
1469}
1470
1471void
1472unmanage(Client *c) {
1473	XWindowChanges wc;
1474
1475	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1476	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1477	XGrabServer(dpy);
1478	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1479	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1480	detach(c);
1481	detachstack(c);
1482	if(sel == c)
1483		focus(NULL);
1484	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1485	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1486	free(c);
1487	XSync(dpy, False);
1488	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1489	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1490	arrange();
1491}
1492
1493void
1494unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1495	Client *c;
1496	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1497
1498	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1499		unmanage(c);
1500}
1501
1502void
1503updatebar(void) {
1504	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1505		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1506	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1507	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1508}
1509
1510void
1511updategeom(void) {
1512#ifdef XINERAMA
1513	int n, i = 0;
1514	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1515
1516	/* window area geometry */
1517	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1518		if(n > 1) {
1519			int di, x, y;
1520			unsigned int dui;
1521			Window dummy;
1522			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1523				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1524					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1525						break;
1526		}
1527		wx = info[i].x_org;
1528		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1529		ww = info[i].width;
1530		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1531		XFree(info);
1532	}
1533	else
1534#endif
1535	{
1536		wx = sx;
1537		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1538		ww = sw;
1539		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1540	}
1541
1542	/* bar position */
1543	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1544}
1545
1546void
1547updatenumlockmask(void) {
1548	unsigned int i, j;
1549	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1550
1551	numlockmask = 0;
1552	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1553	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1554		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1555			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1556				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1557	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1558}
1559
1560void
1561updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1562	long msize;
1563	XSizeHints size;
1564
1565	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1566		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1567		size.flags = PSize; 
1568	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1569		c->basew = size.base_width;
1570		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1571	}
1572	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1573		c->basew = size.min_width;
1574		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1575	}
1576	else
1577		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1578	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1579		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1580		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1581	}
1582	else
1583		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1584	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1585		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1586		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1587	}
1588	else
1589		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1590	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1591		c->minw = size.min_width;
1592		c->minh = size.min_height;
1593	}
1594	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1595		c->minw = size.base_width;
1596		c->minh = size.base_height;
1597	}
1598	else
1599		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1600	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1601		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1602		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1603	}
1604	else
1605		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1606	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1607	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1608}
1609
1610void
1611updatetitle(Client *c) {
1612	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1613		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1614}
1615
1616void
1617updatestatus() {
1618	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1619		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1620	drawbar();
1621}
1622
1623void
1624updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1625	XWMHints *wmh;
1626
1627	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1628		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1629			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1630			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1631		}
1632		else
1633			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1634
1635		XFree(wmh);
1636	}
1637}
1638
1639void
1640view(const Arg *arg) {
1641	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1642		return;
1643	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1644	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1645		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1646	arrange();
1647}
1648
1649/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1650 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1651 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1652int
1653xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1654	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1655	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1656	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1657	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1658	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1659	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1660	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1661	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1662	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1663		return 0;
1664	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1665			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1666	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1667}
1668
1669int
1670xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1671	return 0;
1672}
1673
1674/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1675 * is already running. */
1676int
1677xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1678	otherwm = True;
1679	return -1;
1680}
1681
1682void
1683zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1684	Client *c = sel;
1685
1686	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1687		return;
1688	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1689		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1690			return;
1691	detach(c);
1692	attach(c);
1693	focus(c);
1694	arrange();
1695}
1696
1697int
1698main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1699	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1700		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1701	else if(argc != 1)
1702		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1703
1704	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1705		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1706
1707	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1708		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1709
1710	checkotherwm();
1711	setup();
1712	scan();
1713	run();
1714	cleanup();
1715
1716	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1717	return 0;
1718}