1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <regex.h>
  37#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  38#include <X11/keysym.h>
  39#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  40#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  41#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  42#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  43#ifdef XINERAMA
  44#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  45#endif
  46
  47/* macros */
  48#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  49#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  50#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  51#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  52#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53
  54
  55/* enums */
  56enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
  57enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  58enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  59enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  60enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  61
  62/* typedefs */
  63typedef struct Client Client;
  64struct Client {
  65	char name[256];
  66	int x, y, w, h;
  67	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  68	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  69	long flags;
  70	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  71	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  72	Bool *tags;
  73	Client *next;
  74	Client *prev;
  75	Client *snext;
  76	Window win;
  77};
  78
  79typedef struct {
  80	int x, y, w, h;
  81	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  82	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  83	Drawable drawable;
  84	GC gc;
  85	struct {
  86		int ascent;
  87		int descent;
  88		int height;
  89		XFontSet set;
  90		XFontStruct *xfont;
  91	} font;
  92} DC; /* draw context */
  93
  94typedef struct {
  95	unsigned long mod;
  96	KeySym keysym;
  97	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  98	const char *arg;
  99} Key;
 100
 101typedef struct {
 102	const char *symbol;
 103	void (*arrange)(void);
 104} Layout;
 105
 106typedef struct {
 107	const char *prop;
 108	const char *tag;
 109	Bool isfloating;
 110} Rule;
 111
 112/* function declarations */
 113void applyrules(Client *c);
 114void arrange(void);
 115void attach(Client *c);
 116void attachstack(Client *c);
 117void ban(Client *c);
 118void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 119void checkotherwm(void);
 120void cleanup(void);
 121void configure(Client *c);
 122void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 123void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 124void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 125void detach(Client *c);
 126void detachstack(Client *c);
 127void drawbar(void);
 128void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 129void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 130void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 131void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 132void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 133void expose(XEvent *e);
 134void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 135void focus(Client *c);
 136void focusin(XEvent *e);
 137void focusnext(const char *arg);
 138void focusprev(const char *arg);
 139Client *getclient(Window w);
 140unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 141long getstate(Window w);
 142Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 143void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 144void grabkeys(void);
 145unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 146void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 147Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 148Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 149Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 150Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 151void keypress(XEvent *e);
 152void killclient(const char *arg);
 153void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 154void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 155void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 156void movemouse(Client *c);
 157Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 158void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 159void quit(const char *arg);
 160void reapply(const char *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setlayout(const char *arg);
 168void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 169void setup(void);
 170void spawn(const char *arg);
 171void tag(const char *arg);
 172unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 173unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 174void tile(void);
 175void togglebar(const char *arg);
 176void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 177void toggletag(const char *arg);
 178void toggleview(const char *arg);
 179void unban(Client *c);
 180void unmanage(Client *c);
 181void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 182void updatebarpos(void);
 183void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 184void updatetitle(Client *c);
 185void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 186void view(const char *arg);
 187void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 188int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191void zoom(const char *arg);
 192void selectview(const char *arg);
 193
 194/* variables */
 195char stext[256], buf[256];
 196double mwfact;
 197int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah, xscreens;
 198int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 199unsigned int bh, bpos;
 200unsigned int blw = 0;
 201unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 202void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 203	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 204	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 205	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 206	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 207	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 208	[Expose] = expose,
 209	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 210	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 211	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 212	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 213	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 214	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 215};
 216Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 217Bool domwfact = True;
 218Bool dozoom = True;
 219Bool otherwm, readin;
 220Bool running = True;
 221Bool *prevtags;
 222Bool *seltags;
 223Client *clients = NULL;
 224Client *sel = NULL;
 225Client *stack = NULL;
 226Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227Display *dpy;
 228DC dc = {0};
 229Layout *lt;
 230Window root, barwin;
 231#ifdef XINERAMA
 232XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
 233#endif
 234
 235/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 236#include "config.h"
 237#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 238static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 239
 240/* function implementations */
 241
 242void
 243applyrules(Client *c) {
 244	unsigned int i;
 245	Bool matched = False;
 246	Rule *r;
 247	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 248
 249	/* rule matching */
 250	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 251	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 252		r = &rules[i];
 253		if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 254		|| (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 255		|| (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 256		{
 257			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 258			if(r->tag) {
 259				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 260				matched = True;
 261			}
 262		}
 263	}
 264	if(ch.res_class)
 265		XFree(ch.res_class);
 266	if(ch.res_name)
 267		XFree(ch.res_name);
 268	if(!matched)
 269		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 270}
 271
 272void
 273arrange(void) {
 274	Client *c;
 275
 276	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 277		if(isvisible(c))
 278			unban(c);
 279		else
 280			ban(c);
 281
 282	focus(NULL);
 283	lt->arrange();
 284	restack();
 285}
 286
 287void
 288attach(Client *c) {
 289	if(clients)
 290		clients->prev = c;
 291	c->next = clients;
 292	clients = c;
 293}
 294
 295void
 296attachstack(Client *c) {
 297	c->snext = stack;
 298	stack = c;
 299}
 300
 301void
 302ban(Client *c) {
 303	if(c->isbanned)
 304		return;
 305	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 3 * sw, c->y);
 306	c->isbanned = True;
 307}
 308
 309void
 310buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 311	unsigned int i, x;
 312	Client *c;
 313	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 314
 315	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 316		x = 0;
 317		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 318			x += textw(tags[i]);
 319			if(ev->x < x) {
 320				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 321					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 322						tag(tags[i]);
 323					else
 324						view(tags[i]);
 325				}
 326				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 327					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 328						toggletag(tags[i]);
 329					else
 330						toggleview(tags[i]);
 331				}
 332				return;
 333			}
 334		}
 335		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 336			setlayout(NULL);
 337	}
 338	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 339		focus(c);
 340		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 341			return;
 342		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 343			restack();
 344			movemouse(c);
 345		}
 346		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 347			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 348				togglefloating(NULL);
 349			else
 350				zoom(NULL);
 351		}
 352		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 353			restack();
 354			resizemouse(c);
 355		}
 356	}
 357}
 358
 359void
 360checkotherwm(void) {
 361	otherwm = False;
 362	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 363
 364	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 365	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 366	XSync(dpy, False);
 367	if(otherwm)
 368		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 369	XSync(dpy, False);
 370	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 371	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 372	XSync(dpy, False);
 373}
 374
 375void
 376cleanup(void) {
 377
 378	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 379	while(stack) {
 380		unban(stack);
 381		unmanage(stack);
 382	}
 383	if(dc.font.set)
 384		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 385	else
 386		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 387
 388	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 389	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 390	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 391	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 392	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 393	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 394	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 395#if XINERAMA
 396	if(info)
 397		XFree(info);
 398#endif
 399	XSync(dpy, False);
 400	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 401}
 402
 403void
 404configure(Client *c) {
 405	XConfigureEvent ce;
 406
 407	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 408	ce.display = dpy;
 409	ce.event = c->win;
 410	ce.window = c->win;
 411	ce.x = c->x;
 412	ce.y = c->y;
 413	ce.width = c->w;
 414	ce.height = c->h;
 415	ce.border_width = c->border;
 416	ce.above = None;
 417	ce.override_redirect = False;
 418	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 419}
 420
 421void
 422configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 423	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 424
 425	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 426		/* TODO -- use Xinerama dimensions here ? */
 427		sw = ev->width;
 428		sh = ev->height;
 429		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 430		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(root, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 431		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 432		updatebarpos();
 433		arrange();
 434	}
 435}
 436
 437void
 438configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 439	Client *c;
 440	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 441	XWindowChanges wc;
 442
 443	/* TODO -- consider Xinerama if necessary when centering */
 444	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 445		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 446			c->border = ev->border_width;
 447		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || (floating == lt->arrange)) {
 448			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 449				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 450			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 451				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 452			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 453				c->w = ev->width;
 454			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 455				c->h = ev->height;
 456			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 457				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 458			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 459				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 460			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 461			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 462				configure(c);
 463			if(isvisible(c))
 464				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 465		}
 466		else
 467			configure(c);
 468	}
 469	else {
 470		wc.x = ev->x;
 471		wc.y = ev->y;
 472		wc.width = ev->width;
 473		wc.height = ev->height;
 474		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 475		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 476		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 477		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 478	}
 479	XSync(dpy, False);
 480}
 481
 482Bool
 483conflicts(Client *c, unsigned int tidx) {
 484	unsigned int i;
 485
 486	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 487		if(c->tags[i])
 488			return True; /* conflict */
 489	return False;
 490}
 491
 492void
 493destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 494	Client *c;
 495	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 496
 497	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 498		unmanage(c);
 499}
 500
 501void
 502detach(Client *c) {
 503	if(c->prev)
 504		c->prev->next = c->next;
 505	if(c->next)
 506		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 507	if(c == clients)
 508		clients = c->next;
 509	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 510}
 511
 512void
 513detachstack(Client *c) {
 514	Client **tc;
 515
 516	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 517	*tc = c->snext;
 518}
 519
 520void
 521drawbar(void) {
 522	int i, x;
 523	Client *c;
 524
 525	dc.x = 0;
 526	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 527	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 528		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 529		if(seltags[i]) {
 530			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 531			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 532		}
 533		else {
 534			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 535			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 536		}
 537		dc.x += dc.w;
 538	}
 539	dc.w = blw;
 540	drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 541	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 542	dc.w = textw(stext);
 543	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 544	if(dc.x < x) {
 545		dc.x = x;
 546		dc.w = sw - x;
 547	}
 548	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 549	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 550		dc.x = x;
 551		if(c) {
 552			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 553			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 554		}
 555		else
 556			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 557	}
 558	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 559	XSync(dpy, False);
 560}
 561
 562void
 563drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 564	int x;
 565	XGCValues gcv;
 566	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 567
 568	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 569	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 570	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 571	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 572	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 573	if(filled) {
 574		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 575		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 576	}
 577	else if(empty) {
 578		r.width = r.height = x;
 579		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 580	}
 581}
 582
 583void
 584drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 585	int x, y, w, h;
 586	unsigned int len, olen;
 587	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 588
 589	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 590	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 591	if(!text)
 592		return;
 593	w = 0;
 594	olen = len = strlen(text);
 595	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 596		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 597	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 598	buf[len] = 0;
 599	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 600	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 601	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 602	/* shorten text if necessary */
 603	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 604		buf[--len] = 0;
 605	if(len < olen) {
 606		if(len > 1)
 607			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 608		if(len > 2)
 609			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 610		if(len > 3)
 611			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 612	}
 613	if(w > dc.w)
 614		return; /* too long */
 615	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 616	if(dc.font.set)
 617		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 618	else
 619		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 620}
 621
 622void *
 623emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 624	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 625
 626	if(!res)
 627		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 628	return res;
 629}
 630
 631void
 632enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 633	Client *c;
 634	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 635
 636	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 637		return;
 638	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 639		focus(c);
 640	else
 641		focus(NULL);
 642}
 643
 644void
 645eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 646	va_list ap;
 647
 648	va_start(ap, errstr);
 649	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 650	va_end(ap);
 651	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 652}
 653
 654void
 655expose(XEvent *e) {
 656	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 657
 658	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 659		drawbar();
 660}
 661
 662void
 663floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 664	Client *c;
 665
 666	domwfact = dozoom = False;
 667	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 668		if(isvisible(c))
 669			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 670}
 671
 672void
 673focus(Client *c) {
 674	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 675		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 676	if(sel && sel != c) {
 677		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 678		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 679	}
 680	if(c) {
 681		detachstack(c);
 682		attachstack(c);
 683		grabbuttons(c, True);
 684	}
 685	sel = c;
 686	if(c) {
 687		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 688		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 689	}
 690	else
 691		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 692	drawbar();
 693}
 694
 695void
 696focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 697	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 698
 699	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 700		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 701}
 702
 703void
 704focusnext(const char *arg) {
 705	Client *c;
 706
 707	if(!sel)
 708		return;
 709	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 710	if(!c)
 711		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 712	if(c) {
 713		focus(c);
 714		restack();
 715	}
 716}
 717
 718void
 719focusprev(const char *arg) {
 720	Client *c;
 721
 722	if(!sel)
 723		return;
 724	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 725	if(!c) {
 726		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 727		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 728	}
 729	if(c) {
 730		focus(c);
 731		restack();
 732	}
 733}
 734
 735Client *
 736getclient(Window w) {
 737	Client *c;
 738
 739	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 740	return c;
 741}
 742
 743unsigned long
 744getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 745	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 746	XColor color;
 747
 748	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 749		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 750	return color.pixel;
 751}
 752
 753long
 754getstate(Window w) {
 755	int format, status;
 756	long result = -1;
 757	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 758	unsigned long n, extra;
 759	Atom real;
 760
 761	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 762			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 763	if(status != Success)
 764		return -1;
 765	if(n != 0)
 766		result = *p;
 767	XFree(p);
 768	return result;
 769}
 770
 771Bool
 772gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 773	char **list = NULL;
 774	int n;
 775	XTextProperty name;
 776
 777	if(!text || size == 0)
 778		return False;
 779	text[0] = '\0';
 780	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 781	if(!name.nitems)
 782		return False;
 783	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 784		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 785	else {
 786		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 787		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 788			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 789			XFreeStringList(list);
 790		}
 791	}
 792	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 793	XFree(name.value);
 794	return True;
 795}
 796
 797void
 798grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 799	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 800
 801	if(focused) {
 802		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 807				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810
 811		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 812				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 818				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 819
 820		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 822		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828	}
 829	else
 830		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 831				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 832}
 833
 834void
 835grabkeys(void)  {
 836	unsigned int i, j;
 837	KeyCode code;
 838	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 839
 840	/* init modifier map */
 841	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 842	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 843		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 844			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 845				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 846		}
 847	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 848
 849	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 850	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 851		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 852		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 853				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 854		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 855				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 856		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 857				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 858		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 859				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 860	}
 861}
 862
 863unsigned int
 864idxoftag(const char *t) {
 865	unsigned int i;
 866
 867	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 868	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 869}
 870
 871void
 872initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 873	char *def, **missing;
 874	int i, n;
 875
 876	missing = NULL;
 877	if(dc.font.set)
 878		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 879	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 880	if(missing) {
 881		while(n--)
 882			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 883		XFreeStringList(missing);
 884	}
 885	if(dc.font.set) {
 886		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 887		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 888		char **font_names;
 889		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 890		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 891		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 892		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 893			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 894				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 895			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 896				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 897			xfonts++;
 898		}
 899	}
 900	else {
 901		if(dc.font.xfont)
 902			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 903		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 904		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 905		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 906			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 907		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 908		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 909	}
 910	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 911}
 912
 913Bool
 914isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 915	Client *c;
 916
 917	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 918		if(c->tags[t])
 919			return True;
 920	return False;
 921}
 922
 923Bool
 924isprotodel(Client *c) {
 925	int i, n;
 926	Atom *protocols;
 927	Bool ret = False;
 928
 929	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 930		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 931			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 932				ret = True;
 933		XFree(protocols);
 934	}
 935	return ret;
 936}
 937
 938Bool
 939isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 940	Client *c;
 941
 942	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 943		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 944			return True;
 945	return False;
 946}
 947
 948Bool
 949isvisible(Client *c) {
 950	unsigned int i;
 951
 952	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 953		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 954			return True;
 955	return False;
 956}
 957
 958void
 959keypress(XEvent *e) {
 960	unsigned int i;
 961	KeySym keysym;
 962	XKeyEvent *ev;
 963
 964	ev = &e->xkey;
 965	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 966	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 967		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 968		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 969		{
 970			if(keys[i].func)
 971				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 972		}
 973}
 974
 975void
 976killclient(const char *arg) {
 977	XEvent ev;
 978
 979	if(!sel)
 980		return;
 981	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 982		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 983		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 984		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 985		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 986		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 987		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 988		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 989	}
 990	else
 991		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 992}
 993
 994void
 995manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 996	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 997	Status rettrans;
 998	Window trans;
 999	XWindowChanges wc;
1000
1001	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1002	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1003	c->win = w;
1004
1005	c->x = wa->x + sx;
1006	c->y = wa->y + sy;
1007	c->w = wa->width;
1008	c->h = wa->height;
1009	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1010
1011	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1012		c->x = sx;
1013		c->y = sy;
1014		c->border = wa->border_width;
1015	}
1016	else {
1017		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1018			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1019		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1020			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1021		if(c->x < wax)
1022			c->x = wax;
1023		if(c->y < way)
1024			c->y = way;
1025		c->border = BORDERPX;
1026	}
1027	wc.border_width = c->border;
1028	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1029	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1030	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1031	updatesizehints(c);
1032	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1033	grabbuttons(c, False);
1034	updatetitle(c);
1035	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1036		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1037	if(t)
1038		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1039	else
1040		applyrules(c);
1041	if(!c->isfloating)
1042		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1043	attach(c);
1044	attachstack(c);
1045	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1046	ban(c);
1047	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1048	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1049	arrange();
1050}
1051
1052void
1053mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1054	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1055
1056	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1057	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1058		grabkeys();
1059}
1060
1061void
1062maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1063	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1064	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1065
1066	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1067		return;
1068	if(wa.override_redirect)
1069		return;
1070	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1071		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1072}
1073
1074void
1075movemouse(Client *c) {
1076	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1077	unsigned int dui;
1078	Window dummy;
1079	XEvent ev;
1080
1081	ocx = nx = c->x;
1082	ocy = ny = c->y;
1083	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1084			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1085		return;
1086	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1087	for(;;) {
1088		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1089		switch (ev.type) {
1090		case ButtonRelease:
1091			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1092			return;
1093		case ConfigureRequest:
1094		case Expose:
1095		case MapRequest:
1096			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1097			break;
1098		case MotionNotify:
1099			XSync(dpy, False);
1100			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1101			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1102			if(abs(wax - nx) < SNAP)
1103				nx = wax;
1104			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1105				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1106			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1107				ny = way;
1108			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1109				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1110			if(!c->isfloating && (lt->arrange != floating) && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1111				togglefloating(NULL);
1112			if((lt->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1113				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1114			break;
1115		}
1116	}
1117}
1118
1119Client *
1120nexttiled(Client *c) {
1121	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1122	return c;
1123}
1124
1125void
1126propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1127	Client *c;
1128	Window trans;
1129	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1130
1131	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1132		return; /* ignore */
1133	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1134		switch (ev->atom) {
1135		default: break;
1136		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1137			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1138			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1139				arrange();
1140			break;
1141		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1142			updatesizehints(c);
1143			break;
1144		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1145			updatewmhints(c);
1146			drawbar();
1147			break;
1148		}
1149		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1150			updatetitle(c);
1151			if(c == sel)
1152				drawbar();
1153		}
1154	}
1155}
1156
1157void
1158quit(const char *arg) {
1159	readin = running = False;
1160}
1161
1162void
1163reapply(const char *arg) {
1164	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1165	Client *c;
1166
1167	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1168		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1169		applyrules(c);
1170	}
1171	arrange();
1172}
1173
1174void
1175resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1176	XWindowChanges wc;
1177
1178	if(sizehints) {
1179		/* set minimum possible */
1180		if (w < 1)
1181			w = 1;
1182		if (h < 1)
1183			h = 1;
1184
1185		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1186		w -= c->basew;
1187		h -= c->baseh;
1188
1189		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1190		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1191			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1192				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1193			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1194				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1195		}
1196
1197		/* adjust for increment value */
1198		if(c->incw)
1199			w -= w % c->incw;
1200		if(c->inch)
1201			h -= h % c->inch;
1202
1203		/* restore base dimensions */
1204		w += c->basew;
1205		h += c->baseh;
1206
1207		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1208			w = c->minw;
1209		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1210			h = c->minh;
1211		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1212			w = c->maxw;
1213		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1214			h = c->maxh;
1215	}
1216	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1217		return;
1218	if(x > sx + sw)
1219		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1220	if(y > sy + sh)
1221		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1222	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1223		x = sx;
1224	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1225		y = sy;
1226	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1227		c->x = wc.x = x;
1228		c->y = wc.y = y;
1229		c->w = wc.width = w;
1230		c->h = wc.height = h;
1231		wc.border_width = c->border;
1232		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1233				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1234		configure(c);
1235		XSync(dpy, False);
1236	}
1237}
1238
1239void
1240resizemouse(Client *c) {
1241	int ocx, ocy;
1242	int nw, nh;
1243	XEvent ev;
1244
1245	ocx = c->x;
1246	ocy = c->y;
1247	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1248			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1249		return;
1250	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1251	for(;;) {
1252		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1253		switch(ev.type) {
1254		case ButtonRelease:
1255			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1256					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1257			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1258			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1259			return;
1260		case ConfigureRequest:
1261		case Expose:
1262		case MapRequest:
1263			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1264			break;
1265		case MotionNotify:
1266			XSync(dpy, False);
1267			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1268				nw = 1;
1269			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1270				nh = 1;
1271			if(!c->isfloating && (lt->arrange != floating) && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1272				togglefloating(NULL);
1273			if((lt->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1274				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1275			break;
1276		}
1277	}
1278}
1279
1280void
1281restack(void) {
1282	Client *c;
1283	XEvent ev;
1284	XWindowChanges wc;
1285
1286	drawbar();
1287	if(!sel)
1288		return;
1289	if(sel->isfloating || (lt->arrange == floating))
1290		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1291	if(lt->arrange != floating) {
1292		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1293		wc.sibling = barwin;
1294		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1295			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1296			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1297		}
1298		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1299			if(c == sel)
1300				continue;
1301			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1302			wc.sibling = c->win;
1303		}
1304	}
1305	XSync(dpy, False);
1306	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1307}
1308
1309void
1310run(void) {
1311	char *p;
1312	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1313	fd_set rd;
1314	int r, xfd;
1315	unsigned int len, offset;
1316	XEvent ev;
1317
1318	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1319	XSync(dpy, False);
1320	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1321	readin = True;
1322	offset = 0;
1323	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1324	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1325	while(running) {
1326		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1327		if(readin)
1328			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1329		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1330		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1331			if(errno == EINTR)
1332				continue;
1333			eprint("select failed\n");
1334		}
1335		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1336			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1337			case -1:
1338				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1339				readin = False;
1340				break;
1341			case 0:
1342				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1343				readin = False;
1344				break;
1345			default:
1346				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1347					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1348						*p = '\0';
1349						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1350						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1351						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1352						offset = r;
1353						if(r)
1354							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1355						break;
1356					}
1357				break;
1358			}
1359			drawbar();
1360		}
1361		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1362			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1363			if(handler[ev.type])
1364				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1365		}
1366	}
1367}
1368
1369void
1370scan(void) {
1371	unsigned int i, num;
1372	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1373	XWindowAttributes wa;
1374
1375	wins = NULL;
1376	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1377		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1378			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1379					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1380				continue;
1381			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1382				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1383		}
1384		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1385			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1386				continue;
1387			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1388					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1389				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1390		}
1391	}
1392	if(wins)
1393		XFree(wins);
1394}
1395
1396void
1397setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1398	long data[] = {state, None};
1399
1400	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1401			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1402}
1403
1404void
1405setlayout(const char *arg) {
1406	unsigned int i;
1407
1408	if(!arg) {
1409		lt++;
1410		if(lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1411			lt = &layouts[0];
1412	}
1413	else {
1414		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1415			if(arg == layouts[i].symbol)
1416				break;
1417		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1418			return;
1419		lt = &layouts[i];
1420	}
1421	if(sel)
1422		arrange();
1423	else
1424		drawbar();
1425}
1426
1427void
1428setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1429	double delta;
1430
1431	if(!domwfact)
1432		return;
1433	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1434	if(arg == NULL)
1435		mwfact = MWFACT;
1436	else if(sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta) == 1) {
1437		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1438			mwfact += delta;
1439		else
1440			mwfact = delta;
1441		if(mwfact < 0.1)
1442			mwfact = 0.1;
1443		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1444			mwfact = 0.9;
1445	}
1446	arrange();
1447}
1448
1449void
1450setup(void) {
1451	unsigned int i;
1452	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1453
1454	/* init screen */
1455	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1456	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1457	sx = 0;
1458	sy = 0;
1459	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1460	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1461
1462	/* init atoms */
1463	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1464	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1465	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1466	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1467	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1468	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1469
1470	/* init cursors */
1471	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1472	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1473	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1474
1475#ifdef XINERAMA
1476	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1477		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &xscreens);
1478#endif
1479
1480	/* init appearance */
1481	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1482	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1483	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1484	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1485	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1486	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1487	initfont(FONT);
1488	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1489	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1490	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1491	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1492	if(!dc.font.set)
1493		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1494
1495	/* init tags */
1496	seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1497	prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1498	seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1499
1500	/* init layouts */
1501	mwfact = MWFACT;
1502	lt = &layouts[0];
1503
1504	/* TODO: Xinerama hints ? */
1505	/* init bar */
1506	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1507		i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1508		if(i > blw)
1509			blw = i;
1510	}
1511
1512	bpos = BARPOS;
1513	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1514	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1515	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1516
1517	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1518				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1519				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1520	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1521	updatebarpos();
1522	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1523	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1524	drawbar();
1525
1526	/* EWMH support per view */
1527	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1528			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1529
1530	/* select for events */
1531	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1532			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1533	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1534	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1535
1536
1537	/* grab keys */
1538	grabkeys();
1539}
1540
1541void
1542spawn(const char *arg) {
1543	static char *shell = NULL;
1544
1545	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1546		shell = "/bin/sh";
1547	if(!arg)
1548		return;
1549	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1550	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1551	if(fork() == 0) {
1552		if(fork() == 0) {
1553			if(dpy)
1554				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1555			setsid();
1556			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1557			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1558			perror(" failed");
1559		}
1560		exit(0);
1561	}
1562	wait(0);
1563}
1564
1565void
1566tag(const char *arg) {
1567	unsigned int i;
1568
1569	if(!sel)
1570		return;
1571	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1572		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1573	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1574	arrange();
1575}
1576
1577unsigned int
1578textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1579	XRectangle r;
1580
1581	if(dc.font.set) {
1582		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1583		return r.width;
1584	}
1585	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1586}
1587
1588unsigned int
1589textw(const char *text) {
1590	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1591}
1592
1593void
1594tile(void) {
1595	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1596	Client *c, *mc;
1597
1598	domwfact = dozoom = True;
1599	nx = wax;
1600	ny = way;
1601	nw = 0;
1602	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1603		n++;
1604
1605	/* window geoms */
1606	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1607	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1608	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1609		th = wah;
1610
1611	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1612		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1613			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1614			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1615		}
1616		else {  /* tile window */
1617			if(i == 1) {
1618				ny = way;
1619				nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1620				nw = waw - mw - 2 * c->border;
1621			}
1622			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1623				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1624			else
1625				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1626		}
1627		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1628		if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw)))
1629			/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1630			resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1631		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1632			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1633		i++;
1634	}
1635}
1636
1637void
1638togglebar(const char *arg) {
1639	if(bpos == BarOff)
1640		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1641	else
1642		bpos = BarOff;
1643	updatebarpos();
1644	arrange();
1645}
1646
1647void
1648togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1649	if(!sel)
1650		return;
1651	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1652	if(sel->isfloating)
1653		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1654	arrange();
1655}
1656
1657void
1658toggletag(const char *arg) {
1659	unsigned int i, j;
1660
1661	if(!sel)
1662		return;
1663	i = idxoftag(arg);
1664	if(conflicts(sel, i))
1665		return;
1666	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1667	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1668	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1669		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1670	arrange();
1671}
1672
1673void
1674toggleview(const char *arg) {
1675	unsigned int i, j;
1676
1677	i = idxoftag(arg);
1678	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1679	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1680	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1681		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1682	arrange();
1683}
1684
1685void
1686unban(Client *c) {
1687	if(!c->isbanned)
1688		return;
1689	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1690	c->isbanned = False;
1691}
1692
1693void
1694unmanage(Client *c) {
1695	XWindowChanges wc;
1696
1697	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1698	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1699	XGrabServer(dpy);
1700	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1701	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1702	detach(c);
1703	detachstack(c);
1704	if(sel == c)
1705		focus(NULL);
1706	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1707	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1708	free(c->tags);
1709	free(c);
1710	XSync(dpy, False);
1711	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1712	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1713	arrange();
1714}
1715
1716void
1717unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1718	Client *c;
1719	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1720
1721	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1722		unmanage(c);
1723}
1724
1725void
1726updatebarpos(void) {
1727	XEvent ev;
1728
1729	wax = sx;
1730	way = sy;
1731	wah = sh;
1732	waw = sw;
1733	switch(bpos) {
1734	default:
1735		wah -= bh;
1736		way += bh;
1737		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1738		break;
1739	case BarBot:
1740		wah -= bh;
1741		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1742		break;
1743	case BarOff:
1744		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1745		break;
1746	}
1747	XSync(dpy, False);
1748	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1749}
1750
1751void
1752updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1753	long msize;
1754	XSizeHints size;
1755
1756	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1757		size.flags = PSize;
1758	c->flags = size.flags;
1759	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1760		c->basew = size.base_width;
1761		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1762	}
1763	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1764		c->basew = size.min_width;
1765		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1766	}
1767	else
1768		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1769	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1770		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1771		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1772	}
1773	else
1774		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1775	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1776		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1777		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1778	}
1779	else
1780		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1781	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1782		c->minw = size.min_width;
1783		c->minh = size.min_height;
1784	}
1785	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1786		c->minw = size.base_width;
1787		c->minh = size.base_height;
1788	}
1789	else
1790		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1791	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1792		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1793		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1794		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1795		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1796	}
1797	else
1798		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1799	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1800			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1801}
1802
1803void
1804updatetitle(Client *c) {
1805	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1806		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1807}
1808
1809void
1810updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1811	XWMHints *wmh;
1812
1813	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1814		c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1815		XFree(wmh);
1816	}
1817}
1818
1819
1820void
1821view(const char *arg) {
1822	unsigned int i;
1823
1824	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1825		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1826	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1827
1828	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1829		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1830		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1831		arrange();
1832	}
1833}
1834
1835void
1836viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1837
1838	memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1839	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1840	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1841	arrange();
1842}
1843
1844/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1845 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1846 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1847int
1848xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1849	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1850	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1851	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1852	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1853	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1854	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1855	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1856	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1857		return 0;
1858	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1859		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1860	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1861}
1862
1863int
1864xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1865	return 0;
1866}
1867
1868/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1869 * is already running. */
1870int
1871xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1872	otherwm = True;
1873	return -1;
1874}
1875
1876void
1877zoom(const char *arg) {
1878	Client *c = sel;
1879
1880	if(!sel || !dozoom || sel->isfloating)
1881		return;
1882	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1883		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1884			return;
1885	detach(c);
1886	attach(c);
1887	focus(c);
1888	arrange();
1889}
1890
1891int
1892main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1893	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1894		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1895	else if(argc != 1)
1896		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1897
1898	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1899	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1900		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1901
1902	checkotherwm();
1903	setup();
1904	scan();
1905	run();
1906	cleanup();
1907
1908	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1909	return 0;
1910}