1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20 * client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  48#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  49#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  50#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  51#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  53#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  54#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  55#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  56#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  57#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  58#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  59#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  60
  61/* enums */
  62enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  63enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  64enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  65enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  66enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  67       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  68
  69typedef union {
  70	int i;
  71	unsigned int ui;
  72	float f;
  73	void *v;
  74} Arg;
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	unsigned int click;
  78	unsigned int mask;
  79	unsigned int button;
  80	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  81	const Arg arg;
  82} Button;
  83
  84typedef struct Client Client;
  85struct Client {
  86	char name[256];
  87	float mina, maxa;
  88	int x, y, w, h;
  89	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  90	int bw, oldbw;
  91	unsigned int tags;
  92	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  93	Client *next;
  94	Client *snext;
  95	Window win;
  96};
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	int x, y, w, h;
 100	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 101	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 102	Drawable drawable;
 103	GC gc;
 104	struct {
 105		int ascent;
 106		int descent;
 107		int height;
 108		XFontSet set;
 109		XFontStruct *xfont;
 110	} font;
 111} DC; /* draw context */
 112
 113typedef struct {
 114	unsigned int mod;
 115	KeySym keysym;
 116	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 117	const Arg arg;
 118} Key;
 119
 120typedef struct {
 121	const char *symbol;
 122	void (*arrange)(void);
 123} Layout;
 124
 125typedef struct {
 126	const char *class;
 127	const char *instance;
 128	const char *title;
 129	unsigned int tags;
 130	Bool isfloating;
 131} Rule;
 132
 133/* function declarations */
 134static void applyrules(Client *c);
 135static void arrange(void);
 136static void attach(Client *c);
 137static void attachstack(Client *c);
 138static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 139static void checkotherwm(void);
 140static void cleanup(void);
 141static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 142static void configure(Client *c);
 143static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 144static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 145static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 146static void detach(Client *c);
 147static void detachstack(Client *c);
 148static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 149static void drawbar(void);
 150static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 151static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 152static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 153static void expose(XEvent *e);
 154static void focus(Client *c);
 155static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 156static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 157static Client *getclient(Window w);
 158static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 159static long getstate(Window w);
 160static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 161static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 162static void grabkeys(void);
 163static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 164static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 165static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 166static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 167static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 168static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 169static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 170static void monocle(void);
 171static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 172static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 173static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 174static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 175static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 176static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 177static void restack(void);
 178static void run(void);
 179static void scan(void);
 180static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 181static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 182static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 183static void setup(void);
 184static void showhide(Client *c);
 185static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 186static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 187static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 188static void tile(void);
 189static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 190static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 191static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 192static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 193static void unmanage(Client *c);
 194static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 195static void updatebar(void);
 196static void updategeom(void);
 197static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 198static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 199static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 200static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 201static void view(const Arg *arg);
 202static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 206
 207/* variables */
 208static char stext[256];
 209static int screen;
 210static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 211static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 212static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 213static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 214static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 215static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 216static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 217	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 218	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 219	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 220	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 221	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 222	[Expose] = expose,
 223	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 224	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 225	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 226	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 227	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 228	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 229};
 230static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 231static Bool otherwm;
 232static Bool running = True;
 233static Client *clients = NULL;
 234static Client *sel = NULL;
 235static Client *stack = NULL;
 236static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 237static Display *dpy;
 238static DC dc;
 239static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 240static Window root, barwin;
 241/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 242#include "config.h"
 243
 244/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 245struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 246
 247/* function implementations */
 248void
 249applyrules(Client *c) {
 250	unsigned int i;
 251	Rule *r;
 252	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 253
 254	/* rule matching */
 255	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 256		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 257			r = &rules[i];
 258			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 259			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 260			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 261				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 262				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 263			}
 264		}
 265		if(ch.res_class)
 266			XFree(ch.res_class);
 267		if(ch.res_name)
 268			XFree(ch.res_name);
 269	}
 270	if(!c->tags)
 271		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 272}
 273
 274void
 275arrange(void) {
 276	showhide(stack);
 277	focus(NULL);
 278	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 279		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 280	restack();
 281}
 282
 283void
 284attach(Client *c) {
 285	c->next = clients;
 286	clients = c;
 287}
 288
 289void
 290attachstack(Client *c) {
 291	c->snext = stack;
 292	stack = c;
 293}
 294
 295void
 296buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 297	unsigned int i, x, click;
 298	Arg arg = {0};
 299	Client *c;
 300	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 301
 302	click = ClkRootWin;
 303	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 304		i = x = 0;
 305		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 306		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 307			click = ClkTagBar;
 308			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 309		}
 310		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 311			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 312		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 313			click = ClkStatusText;
 314		else
 315			click = ClkWinTitle;
 316	}
 317	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 318		focus(c);
 319		click = ClkClientWin;
 320	}
 321
 322	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 323		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 324		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 325			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 326}
 327
 328void
 329checkotherwm(void) {
 330	otherwm = False;
 331	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 332
 333	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 334	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 335	XSync(dpy, False);
 336	if(otherwm)
 337		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 338	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 339	XSync(dpy, False);
 340}
 341
 342void
 343cleanup(void) {
 344	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 345	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 346
 347	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 348	view(&a);
 349	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 350	while(stack)
 351		unmanage(stack);
 352	if(dc.font.set)
 353		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 354	else
 355		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 356	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 357	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 358	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 359	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 360	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 361	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 362	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 363	XSync(dpy, False);
 364	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 365}
 366
 367void
 368clearurgent(Client *c) {
 369	XWMHints *wmh;
 370
 371	c->isurgent = False;
 372	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 373		return;
 374	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 375	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 376	XFree(wmh);
 377}
 378
 379void
 380configure(Client *c) {
 381	XConfigureEvent ce;
 382
 383	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 384	ce.display = dpy;
 385	ce.event = c->win;
 386	ce.window = c->win;
 387	ce.x = c->x;
 388	ce.y = c->y;
 389	ce.width = c->w;
 390	ce.height = c->h;
 391	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 392	ce.above = None;
 393	ce.override_redirect = False;
 394	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 395}
 396
 397void
 398configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 399	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 400
 401	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 402		sw = ev->width;
 403		sh = ev->height;
 404		updategeom();
 405		updatebar();
 406		arrange();
 407	}
 408}
 409
 410void
 411configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 412	Client *c;
 413	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 414	XWindowChanges wc;
 415
 416	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 417		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 418			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 419		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 420			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 421				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 422			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 423				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 424			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 425				c->w = ev->width;
 426			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 427				c->h = ev->height;
 428			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 429				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 430			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 431				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 432			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 433				configure(c);
 434			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 435				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 436		}
 437		else
 438			configure(c);
 439	}
 440	else {
 441		wc.x = ev->x;
 442		wc.y = ev->y;
 443		wc.width = ev->width;
 444		wc.height = ev->height;
 445		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 446		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 447		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 448		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 449	}
 450	XSync(dpy, False);
 451}
 452
 453void
 454destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 455	Client *c;
 456	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 457
 458	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 459		unmanage(c);
 460}
 461
 462void
 463detach(Client *c) {
 464	Client **tc;
 465
 466	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 467	*tc = c->next;
 468}
 469
 470void
 471detachstack(Client *c) {
 472	Client **tc;
 473
 474	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 475	*tc = c->snext;
 476}
 477
 478void
 479die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 480	va_list ap;
 481
 482	va_start(ap, errstr);
 483	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 484	va_end(ap);
 485	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 486}
 487
 488void
 489drawbar(void) {
 490	int x;
 491	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 492	unsigned long *col;
 493	Client *c;
 494
 495	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 496		occ |= c->tags;
 497		if(c->isurgent)
 498			urg |= c->tags;
 499	}
 500
 501	dc.x = 0;
 502	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 503		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 504		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 505		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 506		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 507		dc.x += dc.w;
 508	}
 509	if(blw > 0) {
 510		dc.w = blw;
 511		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 512		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 513	}
 514	else
 515		x = dc.x;
 516	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 517	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 518	if(dc.x < x) {
 519		dc.x = x;
 520		dc.w = ww - x;
 521	}
 522	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 523	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 524		dc.x = x;
 525		if(sel) {
 526			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 527			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 528		}
 529		else
 530			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 531	}
 532	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 533	XSync(dpy, False);
 534}
 535
 536void
 537drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 538	int x;
 539	XGCValues gcv;
 540	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 541
 542	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 543	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 544	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 545	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 546	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 547	if(filled) {
 548		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 549		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 550	}
 551	else if(empty) {
 552		r.width = r.height = x;
 553		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 554	}
 555}
 556
 557void
 558drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 559	char buf[256];
 560	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 561	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 562
 563	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 564	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 565	if(!text)
 566		return;
 567	olen = strlen(text);
 568	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 569	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 570	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 571	/* shorten text if necessary */
 572	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 573	if(!len)
 574		return;
 575	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 576	if(len < olen)
 577		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 578	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 579	if(dc.font.set)
 580		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 581	else
 582		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 583}
 584
 585void
 586enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 587	Client *c;
 588	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 589
 590	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 591		return;
 592	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 593		focus(c);
 594	else
 595		focus(NULL);
 596}
 597
 598void
 599expose(XEvent *e) {
 600	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 601
 602	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 603		drawbar();
 604}
 605
 606void
 607focus(Client *c) {
 608	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 609		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 610	if(sel && sel != c) {
 611		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 612		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 613	}
 614	if(c) {
 615		if(c->isurgent)
 616			clearurgent(c);
 617		detachstack(c);
 618		attachstack(c);
 619		grabbuttons(c, True);
 620		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 621		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 622	}
 623	else
 624		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 625	sel = c;
 626	drawbar();
 627}
 628
 629void
 630focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 631	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 632
 633	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 634		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 635}
 636
 637void
 638focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 639	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 640
 641	if(!sel)
 642		return;
 643	if (arg->i > 0) {
 644		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 645		if(!c)
 646			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 647	}
 648	else {
 649		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 650			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 651				c = i;
 652		if(!c)
 653			for(; i; i = i->next)
 654				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 655					c = i;
 656	}
 657	if(c) {
 658		focus(c);
 659		restack();
 660	}
 661}
 662
 663Client *
 664getclient(Window w) {
 665	Client *c;
 666
 667	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 668	return c;
 669}
 670
 671unsigned long
 672getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 673	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 674	XColor color;
 675
 676	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 677		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 678	return color.pixel;
 679}
 680
 681long
 682getstate(Window w) {
 683	int format, status;
 684	long result = -1;
 685	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 686	unsigned long n, extra;
 687	Atom real;
 688
 689	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 690			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 691	if(status != Success)
 692		return -1;
 693	if(n != 0)
 694		result = *p;
 695	XFree(p);
 696	return result;
 697}
 698
 699Bool
 700gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 701	char **list = NULL;
 702	int n;
 703	XTextProperty name;
 704
 705	if(!text || size == 0)
 706		return False;
 707	text[0] = '\0';
 708	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 709	if(!name.nitems)
 710		return False;
 711	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 712		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 713	else {
 714		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 715		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 716			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 717			XFreeStringList(list);
 718		}
 719	}
 720	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 721	XFree(name.value);
 722	return True;
 723}
 724
 725void
 726grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 727	updatenumlockmask();
 728	{
 729		unsigned int i, j;
 730		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 731		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 732		if(focused) {
 733			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 734				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 735					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 736						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 737		} else
 738			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 739			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 740	}
 741}
 742
 743void
 744grabkeys(void) {
 745	updatenumlockmask();
 746	{ /* grab keys */
 747		unsigned int i, j;
 748		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 749		KeyCode code;
 750
 751		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 752		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 753			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 754				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 755					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 756						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 757		}
 758	}
 759}
 760
 761void
 762initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 763	char *def, **missing;
 764	int i, n;
 765
 766	missing = NULL;
 767	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 768	if(missing) {
 769		while(n--)
 770			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 771		XFreeStringList(missing);
 772	}
 773	if(dc.font.set) {
 774		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 775		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 776		char **font_names;
 777		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 778		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 779		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 780		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 781			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 782			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 783			xfonts++;
 784		}
 785	}
 786	else {
 787		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 788		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 789			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 790		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 791		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 792	}
 793	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 794}
 795
 796Bool
 797isprotodel(Client *c) {
 798	int i, n;
 799	Atom *protocols;
 800	Bool ret = False;
 801
 802	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 803		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 804			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 805				ret = True;
 806		XFree(protocols);
 807	}
 808	return ret;
 809}
 810
 811void
 812keypress(XEvent *e) {
 813	unsigned int i;
 814	KeySym keysym;
 815	XKeyEvent *ev;
 816
 817	ev = &e->xkey;
 818	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 819	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 820		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 821		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 822		   && keys[i].func)
 823			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 824}
 825
 826void
 827killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 828	XEvent ev;
 829
 830	if(!sel)
 831		return;
 832	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 833		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 834		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 835		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 836		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 837		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 838		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 839		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 840	}
 841	else
 842		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 843}
 844
 845void
 846manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 847	static Client cz;
 848	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 849	Window trans = None;
 850	XWindowChanges wc;
 851
 852	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 853		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 854	*c = cz;
 855	c->win = w;
 856
 857	/* geometry */
 858	c->x = wa->x;
 859	c->y = wa->y;
 860	c->w = wa->width;
 861	c->h = wa->height;
 862	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 863	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 864		c->x = sx;
 865		c->y = sy;
 866		c->bw = 0;
 867	}
 868	else {
 869		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 870			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 871		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 872			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 873		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 874		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 875		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 876		c->bw = borderpx;
 877	}
 878
 879	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 880	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 881	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 882	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 883	updatesizehints(c);
 884	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 885	grabbuttons(c, False);
 886	updatetitle(c);
 887	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 888		t = getclient(trans);
 889	if(t)
 890		c->tags = t->tags;
 891	else
 892		applyrules(c);
 893	if(!c->isfloating)
 894		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 895	if(c->isfloating)
 896		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 897	attach(c);
 898	attachstack(c);
 899	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 900	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 901	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 902	arrange();
 903}
 904
 905void
 906mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 907	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 908
 909	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 910	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 911		grabkeys();
 912}
 913
 914void
 915maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 916	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 917	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 918
 919	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 920		return;
 921	if(wa.override_redirect)
 922		return;
 923	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 924		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 925}
 926
 927void
 928monocle(void) {
 929	Client *c;
 930
 931	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 932		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 933}
 934
 935void
 936movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 937	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 938	unsigned int dui;
 939	Client *c;
 940	Window dummy;
 941	XEvent ev;
 942
 943	if(!(c = sel))
 944		return;
 945	restack();
 946	ocx = c->x;
 947	ocy = c->y;
 948	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 949	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 950		return;
 951	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
 952	if(usegrab)
 953		XGrabServer(dpy);
 954	do {
 955		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 956		switch (ev.type) {
 957		case ConfigureRequest:
 958		case Expose:
 959		case MapRequest:
 960			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 961			break;
 962		case MotionNotify:
 963			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
 964			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
 965			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
 966			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
 967				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
 968					nx = wx;
 969				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
 970					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
 971				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
 972					ny = wy;
 973				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
 974					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
 975				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
 976					togglefloating(NULL);
 977			}
 978			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 979				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
 980			break;
 981		}
 982	}
 983	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
 984	if(usegrab)
 985		XUngrabServer(dpy);
 986	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 987}
 988
 989Client *
 990nexttiled(Client *c) {
 991	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
 992	return c;
 993}
 994
 995void
 996propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
 997	Client *c;
 998	Window trans;
 999	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1000
1001	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1002		return; /* ignore */
1003	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1004		switch (ev->atom) {
1005		default: break;
1006		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1007			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1008			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1009				arrange();
1010			break;
1011		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1012			updatesizehints(c);
1013			break;
1014		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1015			updatewmhints(c);
1016			drawbar();
1017			break;
1018		}
1019		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1020			updatetitle(c);
1021			if(c == sel)
1022				drawbar();
1023		}
1024	}
1025}
1026
1027void
1028quit(const Arg *arg) {
1029	readin = running = False;
1030}
1031
1032void
1033resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1034	XWindowChanges wc;
1035
1036	if(sizehints) {
1037		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
1038		Bool baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
1039
1040		/* set minimum possible */
1041		w = MAX(1, w);
1042		h = MAX(1, h);
1043
1044		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1045			w -= c->basew;
1046			h -= c->baseh;
1047		}
1048
1049		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1050		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1051			if(c->maxa < (float)w / h)
1052				w = h * c->maxa;
1053			else if(c->mina < (float)h / w)
1054				h = w * c->mina;
1055		}
1056
1057		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
1058			w -= c->basew;
1059			h -= c->baseh;
1060		}
1061
1062		/* adjust for increment value */
1063		if(c->incw)
1064			w -= w % c->incw;
1065		if(c->inch)
1066			h -= h % c->inch;
1067
1068		/* restore base dimensions */
1069		w += c->basew;
1070		h += c->baseh;
1071
1072		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1073		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1074
1075		if(c->maxw)
1076			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1077
1078		if(c->maxh)
1079			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1080	}
1081	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1082		return;
1083	if(x > sx + sw)
1084		x = sw - WIDTH(c);
1085	if(y > sy + sh)
1086		y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
1087	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1088		x = sx;
1089	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1090		y = sy;
1091	if(h < bh)
1092		h = bh;
1093	if(w < bh)
1094		w = bh;
1095	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1096		c->x = wc.x = x;
1097		c->y = wc.y = y;
1098		c->w = wc.width = w;
1099		c->h = wc.height = h;
1100		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1101		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1102				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1103		configure(c);
1104		XSync(dpy, False);
1105	}
1106}
1107
1108void
1109resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1110	int ocx, ocy;
1111	int nw, nh;
1112	Client *c;
1113	XEvent ev;
1114
1115	if(!(c = sel))
1116		return;
1117	restack();
1118	ocx = c->x;
1119	ocy = c->y;
1120	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1121	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1122		return;
1123	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1124	if(usegrab)
1125		XGrabServer(dpy);
1126	do {
1127		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1128		switch(ev.type) {
1129		case ConfigureRequest:
1130		case Expose:
1131		case MapRequest:
1132			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1133			break;
1134		case MotionNotify:
1135			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1136			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1137
1138			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1139			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1140				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1141				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1142					togglefloating(NULL);
1143			}
1144			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1145				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1146			break;
1147		}
1148	}
1149	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1150	if(usegrab)
1151		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1152	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1153	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1154	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1155}
1156
1157void
1158restack(void) {
1159	Client *c;
1160	XEvent ev;
1161	XWindowChanges wc;
1162
1163	drawbar();
1164	if(!sel)
1165		return;
1166	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1167		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1168	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1169		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1170		wc.sibling = barwin;
1171		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1172			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1173				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1174				wc.sibling = c->win;
1175			}
1176	}
1177	XSync(dpy, False);
1178	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1179}
1180
1181void
1182run(void) {
1183	char *p;
1184	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1185	fd_set rd;
1186	int r, xfd;
1187	unsigned int len, offset;
1188	XEvent ev;
1189
1190	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1191	XSync(dpy, False);
1192	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1193	offset = 0;
1194	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1195	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1196	while(running) {
1197		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1198		if(readin)
1199			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1200		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1201		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1202			if(errno == EINTR)
1203				continue;
1204			die("select failed\n");
1205		}
1206		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1207			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1208			case -1:
1209				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1210				readin = False;
1211				break;
1212			case 0:
1213				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1214				readin = False;
1215				break;
1216			default:
1217				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1218					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1219						*p = '\0';
1220						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1221						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1222						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1223						offset = r;
1224						if(r)
1225							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1226						break;
1227					}
1228				break;
1229			}
1230			drawbar();
1231		}
1232		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1233			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1234			if(handler[ev.type])
1235				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1236		}
1237	}
1238}
1239
1240void
1241scan(void) {
1242	unsigned int i, num;
1243	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1244	XWindowAttributes wa;
1245
1246	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1247		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1248			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1249			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1250				continue;
1251			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1252				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1253		}
1254		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1255			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1256				continue;
1257			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1258			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1259				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1260		}
1261		if(wins)
1262			XFree(wins);
1263	}
1264}
1265
1266void
1267setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1268	long data[] = {state, None};
1269
1270	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1271			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1272}
1273
1274void
1275setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1276	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1277		sellt ^= 1;
1278	if(arg && arg->v)
1279		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1280	if(sel)
1281		arrange();
1282	else
1283		drawbar();
1284}
1285
1286/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1287void
1288setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1289	float f;
1290
1291	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1292		return;
1293	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1294	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1295		return;
1296	mfact = f;
1297	arrange();
1298}
1299
1300void
1301setup(void) {
1302	unsigned int i;
1303	int w;
1304	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1305
1306	/* init screen */
1307	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1308	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1309	initfont(font);
1310	sx = 0;
1311	sy = 0;
1312	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1313	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1314	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1315	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1316	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1317	updategeom();
1318
1319	/* init atoms */
1320	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1321	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1322	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1323	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1324	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1325
1326	/* init cursors */
1327	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1328	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1329	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1330
1331	/* init appearance */
1332	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1333	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1334	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1335	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1336	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1337	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1338	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1339	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1340	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1341	if(!dc.font.set)
1342		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1343
1344	/* init bar */
1345	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1346		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1347		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1348	}
1349
1350	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1351	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1352	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1353
1354	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1355			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1356			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1357	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1358	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1359	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1360	drawbar();
1361
1362	/* EWMH support per view */
1363	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1364			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1365
1366	/* select for events */
1367	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1368			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1369	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1370	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1371
1372	grabkeys();
1373}
1374
1375void
1376showhide(Client *c) {
1377	if(!c)
1378		return;
1379	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1380		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1381		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1382			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1383		showhide(c->snext);
1384	}
1385	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1386		showhide(c->snext);
1387		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1388	}
1389}
1390
1391void
1392spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1393	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1394	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1395	if(fork() == 0) {
1396		if(fork() == 0) {
1397			if(dpy)
1398				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1399			setsid();
1400			execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1401			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1402			perror(" failed");
1403		}
1404		exit(0);
1405	}
1406	wait(0);
1407}
1408
1409void
1410tag(const Arg *arg) {
1411	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1412		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1413		arrange();
1414	}
1415}
1416
1417int
1418textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1419	XRectangle r;
1420
1421	if(dc.font.set) {
1422		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1423		return r.width;
1424	}
1425	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1426}
1427
1428void
1429tile(void) {
1430	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1431	unsigned int i, n;
1432	Client *c;
1433
1434	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1435	if(n == 0)
1436		return;
1437
1438	/* master */
1439	c = nexttiled(clients);
1440	mw = mfact * ww;
1441	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1442
1443	if(--n == 0)
1444		return;
1445
1446	/* tile stack */
1447	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1448	y = wy;
1449	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1450	h = wh / n;
1451	if(h < bh)
1452		h = wh;
1453
1454	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1455		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1456		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), resizehints);
1457		if(h != wh)
1458			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1459	}
1460}
1461
1462void
1463togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1464	showbar = !showbar;
1465	updategeom();
1466	updatebar();
1467	arrange();
1468}
1469
1470void
1471togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1472	if(!sel)
1473		return;
1474	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1475	if(sel->isfloating)
1476		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1477	arrange();
1478}
1479
1480void
1481toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1482	unsigned int mask;
1483
1484	if (!sel)
1485		return;
1486	
1487	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1488	if(sel && mask) {
1489		sel->tags = mask;
1490		arrange();
1491	}
1492}
1493
1494void
1495toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1496	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1497
1498	if(mask) {
1499		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1500		arrange();
1501	}
1502}
1503
1504void
1505unmanage(Client *c) {
1506	XWindowChanges wc;
1507
1508	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1509	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1510	XGrabServer(dpy);
1511	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1512	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1513	detach(c);
1514	detachstack(c);
1515	if(sel == c)
1516		focus(NULL);
1517	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1518	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1519	free(c);
1520	XSync(dpy, False);
1521	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1522	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1523	arrange();
1524}
1525
1526void
1527unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1528	Client *c;
1529	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1530
1531	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1532		unmanage(c);
1533}
1534
1535void
1536updatebar(void) {
1537	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1538		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1539	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1540	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1541}
1542
1543void
1544updategeom(void) {
1545#ifdef XINERAMA
1546	int n, i = 0;
1547	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1548
1549	/* window area geometry */
1550	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1551		if(n > 1) {
1552			int di, x, y;
1553			unsigned int dui;
1554			Window dummy;
1555			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1556				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1557					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1558						break;
1559		}
1560		wx = info[i].x_org;
1561		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1562		ww = info[i].width;
1563		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1564		XFree(info);
1565	}
1566	else
1567#endif
1568	{
1569		wx = sx;
1570		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1571		ww = sw;
1572		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1573	}
1574
1575	/* bar position */
1576	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1577}
1578
1579void
1580updatenumlockmask(void) {
1581	unsigned int i, j;
1582	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1583
1584	numlockmask = 0;
1585	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1586	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1587		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1588			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1589				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1590	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1591}
1592
1593void
1594updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1595	long msize;
1596	XSizeHints size;
1597
1598	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1599		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1600		size.flags = PSize; 
1601	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1602		c->basew = size.base_width;
1603		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1604	}
1605	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1606		c->basew = size.min_width;
1607		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1608	}
1609	else
1610		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1611	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1612		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1613		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1614	}
1615	else
1616		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1617	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1618		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1619		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1620	}
1621	else
1622		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1623	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1624		c->minw = size.min_width;
1625		c->minh = size.min_height;
1626	}
1627	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1628		c->minw = size.base_width;
1629		c->minh = size.base_height;
1630	}
1631	else
1632		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1633	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1634		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1635		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1636	}
1637	else
1638		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1639	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1640	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1641}
1642
1643void
1644updatetitle(Client *c) {
1645	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1646		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1647}
1648
1649void
1650updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1651	XWMHints *wmh;
1652
1653	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1654		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1655			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1656			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1657		}
1658		else
1659			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1660
1661		XFree(wmh);
1662	}
1663}
1664
1665void
1666view(const Arg *arg) {
1667	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1668		return;
1669	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1670	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1671		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1672	arrange();
1673}
1674
1675/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1676 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1677 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1678int
1679xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1680	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1681	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1682	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1683	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1684	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1685	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1686	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1687	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1688	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1689		return 0;
1690	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1691			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1692	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1693}
1694
1695int
1696xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1697	return 0;
1698}
1699
1700/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1701 * is already running. */
1702int
1703xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1704	otherwm = True;
1705	return -1;
1706}
1707
1708void
1709zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1710	Client *c = sel;
1711
1712	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1713		return;
1714	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1715		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1716			return;
1717	detach(c);
1718	attach(c);
1719	focus(c);
1720	arrange();
1721}
1722
1723int
1724main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1725	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1726		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1727	else if(argc != 1)
1728		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1729
1730	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1731		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1732
1733	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1734		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1735
1736	checkotherwm();
1737	setup();
1738	scan();
1739	run();
1740	cleanup();
1741
1742	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1743	return 0;
1744}