1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(M, C)         ((M) == (C->m) && (C->tags & M->tagset[M->seltags]))
  48#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  49#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  50#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Monitor *m;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123struct Monitor {
 124	int screen_number;
 125	float mfact;
 126	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 127	int my, mh;           /* vertical screen size*/
 128	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 129	unsigned int seltags;
 130	unsigned int sellt;
 131	unsigned int tagset[2];
 132	Bool showbar;
 133	Bool topbar;
 134	Window barwin;
 135	Monitor *next;
 136};
 137
 138typedef struct {
 139	const char *class;
 140	const char *instance;
 141	const char *title;
 142	unsigned int tags;
 143	Bool isfloating;
 144} Rule;
 145
 146/* function declarations */
 147static void applyrules(Client *c);
 148static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 149static void arrange(void);
 150static void attach(Client *c);
 151static void attachstack(Client *c);
 152static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 153static void checkotherwm(void);
 154static void cleanup(void);
 155static void cleanupmons(void);
 156static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 157static void configure(Client *c);
 158static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 159static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 160static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 161static void detach(Client *c);
 162static void detachstack(Client *c);
 163static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 164static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 165static void drawbars();
 166static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 167static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 168static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 169static void expose(XEvent *e);
 170static void focus(Client *c);
 171static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 172static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 173static Client *getclient(Window w);
 174static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 175static long getstate(Window w);
 176static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 177static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 178static void grabkeys(void);
 179static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 180static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 181static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 182static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 183static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 184static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 185static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 186static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 187static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 188static Client *nexttiled(Monitor *m, Client *c);
 189static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 190static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 191static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 192static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 193static void restack(Monitor *m);
 194static void run(void);
 195static void scan(void);
 196static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 197static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 198static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 199static void setup(void);
 200static void showhide(Client *c);
 201static void sigchld(int signal);
 202static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 203static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 204static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 205static void tile(Monitor *);
 206static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 207static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 208static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 209static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 210static void unmanage(Client *c);
 211static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 212static void updategeom(void);
 213static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 214static void updatebars(void);
 215static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 216static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 217static void updatestatus(void);
 218static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 219static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 220static void view(const Arg *arg);
 221static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 222static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 223static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 224static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 225#ifdef XINERAMA
 226static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 227static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 228#endif /* XINERAMA */
 229
 230/* variables */
 231static char stext[256];
 232static int screen;
 233static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 234static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 235static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 236static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 237static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 238	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 239	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 240	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 241	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 242	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 243	[Expose] = expose,
 244	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 245	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 246	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 247	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 248	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 249	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 250};
 251static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 252static Bool otherwm;
 253static Bool running = True;
 254static Client *clients = NULL;
 255static Client *sel = NULL;
 256static Client *stack = NULL;
 257static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 258static Display *dpy;
 259static DC dc;
 260static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 261static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 262static Window root;
 263/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 264#include "config.h"
 265
 266/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 267struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 268
 269/* function implementations */
 270void
 271applyrules(Client *c) {
 272	unsigned int i;
 273	Rule *r;
 274	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 275
 276	/* rule matching */
 277	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 278	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 279		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 280			r = &rules[i];
 281			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 282			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 283			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 284				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 285				c->tags |= r->tags;
 286			}
 287		}
 288		if(ch.res_class)
 289			XFree(ch.res_class);
 290		if(ch.res_name)
 291			XFree(ch.res_name);
 292	}
 293	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->m->tagset[c->m->seltags];
 294}
 295
 296Bool
 297applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 298	Bool baseismin;
 299
 300	/* set minimum possible */
 301	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 302	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 303
 304	if(*x > sx + sw)
 305		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 306	if(*y > sy + sh)
 307		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 308	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 309		*x = sx;
 310	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 311		*y = sy;
 312	if(*h < bh)
 313		*h = bh;
 314	if(*w < bh)
 315		*w = bh;
 316
 317	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 318		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 319		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 320
 321		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 322			*w -= c->basew;
 323			*h -= c->baseh;
 324		}
 325
 326		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 327		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 328			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 329				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 330			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 331				*h = *w * c->mina;
 332		}
 333
 334		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 335			*w -= c->basew;
 336			*h -= c->baseh;
 337		}
 338
 339		/* adjust for increment value */
 340		if(c->incw)
 341			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 342		if(c->inch)
 343			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 344
 345		/* restore base dimensions */
 346		*w += c->basew;
 347		*h += c->baseh;
 348
 349		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 350		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 351
 352		if(c->maxw)
 353			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 354
 355		if(c->maxh)
 356			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 357	}
 358	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 359}
 360
 361void
 362arrange(void) {
 363	Monitor *m;
 364
 365	showhide(stack);
 366	focus(NULL);
 367	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 368		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 369			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 370		restack(m);
 371	}
 372}
 373
 374void
 375attach(Client *c) {
 376	c->next = clients;
 377	clients = c;
 378}
 379
 380void
 381attachstack(Client *c) {
 382	c->snext = stack;
 383	stack = c;
 384}
 385
 386void
 387buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 388	unsigned int i, x, click;
 389	Arg arg = {0};
 390	Client *c;
 391	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 392
 393	click = ClkRootWin;
 394	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 395		i = 0;
 396		x = selmon->btx;
 397		do
 398			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 399		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 400		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 401			click = ClkTagBar;
 402			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 403		}
 404		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 405			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 406		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 407			click = ClkStatusText;
 408		else
 409			click = ClkWinTitle;
 410	}
 411	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 412		focus(c);
 413		click = ClkClientWin;
 414	}
 415
 416	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 417		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 418		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 419			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 420}
 421
 422void
 423checkotherwm(void) {
 424	otherwm = False;
 425	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 426
 427	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 428	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 429	XSync(dpy, False);
 430	if(otherwm)
 431		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 432	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 433	XSync(dpy, False);
 434}
 435
 436void
 437cleanup(void) {
 438	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 439	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 440
 441	view(&a);
 442	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 443	while(stack)
 444		unmanage(stack);
 445	if(dc.font.set)
 446		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 447	else
 448		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 449	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 450	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 451	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 452	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 453	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 454	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 455	cleanupmons();
 456	XSync(dpy, False);
 457	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 458}
 459
 460void
 461cleanupmons(void) {
 462	Monitor *m;
 463
 464	while(mons) {
 465		m = mons->next;
 466		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 467		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 468		free(mons);
 469		mons = m;
 470	}
 471}
 472
 473void
 474clearurgent(Client *c) {
 475	XWMHints *wmh;
 476
 477	c->isurgent = False;
 478	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 479		return;
 480	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 481	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 482	XFree(wmh);
 483}
 484
 485void
 486configure(Client *c) {
 487	XConfigureEvent ce;
 488
 489	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 490	ce.display = dpy;
 491	ce.event = c->win;
 492	ce.window = c->win;
 493	ce.x = c->x;
 494	ce.y = c->y;
 495	ce.width = c->w;
 496	ce.height = c->h;
 497	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 498	ce.above = None;
 499	ce.override_redirect = False;
 500	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 501}
 502
 503void
 504configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 505	Monitor *m;
 506	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 507
 508	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 509		sw = ev->width;
 510		sh = ev->height;
 511		updategeom();
 512		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 513			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 514		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 515		updatebars();
 516		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 517			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 518		arrange();
 519	}
 520}
 521
 522void
 523configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 524	Client *c;
 525	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 526	XWindowChanges wc;
 527
 528	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 529		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 530			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 531		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 532			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 533				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 534			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 535				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 536			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 537				c->w = ev->width;
 538			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 539				c->h = ev->height;
 540			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 541				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 542			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 543				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 544			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 545				configure(c);
 546			if(ISVISIBLE((c->m), c))
 547				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 548		}
 549		else
 550			configure(c);
 551	}
 552	else {
 553		wc.x = ev->x;
 554		wc.y = ev->y;
 555		wc.width = ev->width;
 556		wc.height = ev->height;
 557		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 558		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 559		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 560		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 561	}
 562	XSync(dpy, False);
 563}
 564
 565void
 566destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 567	Client *c;
 568	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 569
 570	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 571		unmanage(c);
 572}
 573
 574void
 575detach(Client *c) {
 576	Client **tc;
 577
 578	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 579	*tc = c->next;
 580}
 581
 582void
 583detachstack(Client *c) {
 584	Client **tc;
 585
 586	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 587	*tc = c->snext;
 588}
 589
 590void
 591die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 592	va_list ap;
 593
 594	va_start(ap, errstr);
 595	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 596	va_end(ap);
 597	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 598}
 599
 600void
 601drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 602	char buf[2];
 603	int x;
 604	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 605	unsigned long *col;
 606	Client *c;
 607
 608	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 609		if(m == c->m) {
 610			occ |= c->tags;
 611			if(c->isurgent)
 612				urg |= c->tags;
 613		}
 614	}
 615
 616	dc.x = 0;
 617#ifdef XINERAMA
 618	{
 619		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 620		buf[1] = '\0';
 621		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 622		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 623		dc.x += dc.w;
 624	}
 625#endif /* XINERAMA */
 626	m->btx = dc.x;
 627	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 628		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 629		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 630		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 631		drawsquare(m == selmon && sel && sel->tags & 1 << i,
 632		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 633		dc.x += dc.w;
 634	}
 635	if(blw > 0) {
 636		dc.w = blw;
 637		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 638		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 639	}
 640	else
 641		x = dc.x;
 642	if(m == selmon) {
 643		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 644		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 645		if(dc.x < x) {
 646			dc.x = x;
 647			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 648		}
 649		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 650		if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 651			dc.x = x;
 652			if(sel) {
 653				drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 654				drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 655			}
 656			else
 657				drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 658		}
 659	}
 660	else {
 661		dc.x = x;
 662		dc.w = m->ww - x;
 663		drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 664	}
 665	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 666	XSync(dpy, False);
 667}
 668
 669void
 670drawbars() {
 671	Monitor *m;
 672
 673	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 674		drawbar(m);
 675}
 676
 677void
 678drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 679	int x;
 680	XGCValues gcv;
 681	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 682
 683	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 684	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 685	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 686	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 687	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 688	if(filled) {
 689		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 690		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 691	}
 692	else if(empty) {
 693		r.width = r.height = x;
 694		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 695	}
 696}
 697
 698void
 699drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 700	char buf[256];
 701	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 702	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 703
 704	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 705	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 706	if(!text)
 707		return;
 708	olen = strlen(text);
 709	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 710	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 711	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 712	/* shorten text if necessary */
 713	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 714	if(!len)
 715		return;
 716	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 717	if(len < olen)
 718		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 719	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 720	if(dc.font.set)
 721		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 722	else
 723		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 724}
 725
 726void
 727enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 728	Client *c;
 729	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 730
 731	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 732		return;
 733	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 734		focus(c);
 735	else
 736		focus(NULL);
 737}
 738
 739void
 740expose(XEvent *e) {
 741	Monitor *m;
 742	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 743
 744	if(ev->count == 0)
 745		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 746			if(ev->window == m->barwin) {
 747				drawbar(m);
 748				break;
 749			}
 750}
 751
 752void
 753focus(Client *c) {
 754	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE((c->m), c))
 755		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(selmon, c); c = c->snext);
 756	if(sel && sel != c) {
 757		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 758		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 759	}
 760	if(c) {
 761		if(c->isurgent)
 762			clearurgent(c);
 763		detachstack(c);
 764		attachstack(c);
 765		grabbuttons(c, True);
 766		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 767		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 768	}
 769	else
 770		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 771	sel = c;
 772	drawbars();
 773}
 774
 775void
 776focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 777	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 778
 779	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 780		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 781}
 782
 783#ifdef XINERAMA
 784void
 785focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 786	unsigned int i;
 787	Monitor *m; 
 788
 789	for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
 790		if(i == arg->ui) {
 791			selmon = m;
 792			focus(NULL);
 793			drawbars();
 794			break;
 795		}
 796}
 797#endif /* XINERAMA */
 798
 799void
 800focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 801	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 802
 803	if(!sel)
 804		return;
 805	if(arg->i > 0) {
 806		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(selmon, c); c = c->next);
 807		if(!c)
 808			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(selmon, c); c = c->next);
 809	}
 810	else {
 811		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 812			if(ISVISIBLE(selmon, i))
 813				c = i;
 814		if(!c)
 815			for(; i; i = i->next)
 816				if(ISVISIBLE(selmon, i))
 817					c = i;
 818	}
 819	if(c) {
 820		focus(c);
 821		restack(selmon);
 822	}
 823}
 824
 825Client *
 826getclient(Window w) {
 827	Client *c;
 828
 829	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 830	return c;
 831}
 832
 833unsigned long
 834getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 835	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 836	XColor color;
 837
 838	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 839		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 840	return color.pixel;
 841}
 842
 843long
 844getstate(Window w) {
 845	int format, status;
 846	long result = -1;
 847	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 848	unsigned long n, extra;
 849	Atom real;
 850
 851	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 852			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 853	if(status != Success)
 854		return -1;
 855	if(n != 0)
 856		result = *p;
 857	XFree(p);
 858	return result;
 859}
 860
 861Bool
 862gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 863	char **list = NULL;
 864	int n;
 865	XTextProperty name;
 866
 867	if(!text || size == 0)
 868		return False;
 869	text[0] = '\0';
 870	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 871	if(!name.nitems)
 872		return False;
 873	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 874		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 875	else {
 876		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 877		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 878			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 879			XFreeStringList(list);
 880		}
 881	}
 882	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 883	XFree(name.value);
 884	return True;
 885}
 886
 887void
 888grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 889	updatenumlockmask();
 890	{
 891		unsigned int i, j;
 892		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 893		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 894		if(focused) {
 895			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 896				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 897					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 898						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 899						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 900						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 901						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 902		} else
 903			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 904			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 905	}
 906}
 907
 908void
 909grabkeys(void) {
 910	updatenumlockmask();
 911	{ /* grab keys */
 912		unsigned int i, j;
 913		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 914		KeyCode code;
 915
 916		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 917		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 918			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 919				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 920					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 921						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 922		}
 923	}
 924}
 925
 926void
 927initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 928	char *def, **missing;
 929	int i, n;
 930
 931	missing = NULL;
 932	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 933	if(missing) {
 934		while(n--)
 935			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 936		XFreeStringList(missing);
 937	}
 938	if(dc.font.set) {
 939		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 940		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 941		char **font_names;
 942		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 943		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 944		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 945		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 946			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 947			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 948			xfonts++;
 949		}
 950	}
 951	else {
 952		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 953		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 954			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 955		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 956		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 957	}
 958	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 959}
 960
 961Bool
 962isprotodel(Client *c) {
 963	int i, n;
 964	Atom *protocols;
 965	Bool ret = False;
 966
 967	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 968		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 969			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 970				ret = True;
 971		XFree(protocols);
 972	}
 973	return ret;
 974}
 975
 976void
 977keypress(XEvent *e) {
 978	unsigned int i;
 979	KeySym keysym;
 980	XKeyEvent *ev;
 981
 982	ev = &e->xkey;
 983	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 984	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 985		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 986		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 987		   && keys[i].func)
 988			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 989}
 990
 991void
 992killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 993	XEvent ev;
 994
 995	if(!sel)
 996		return;
 997	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 998		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 999		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
1000		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1001		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1002		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1003		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1004		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1005	}
1006	else
1007		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
1008}
1009
1010void
1011manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1012	static Client cz;
1013	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1014	Window trans = None;
1015	XWindowChanges wc;
1016
1017	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1018		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1019	*c = cz;
1020	c->win = w;
1021	c->m = selmon;
1022
1023	/* geometry */
1024	c->x = wa->x;
1025	c->y = wa->y;
1026	c->w = wa->width;
1027	c->h = wa->height;
1028	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1029	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1030		c->x = sx;
1031		c->y = sy;
1032		c->bw = 0;
1033	}
1034	else {
1035		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
1036			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
1037		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
1038			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
1039		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
1040		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1041		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((selmon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= selmon->wx)
1042		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < selmon->wx + selmon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
1043		c->bw = borderpx;
1044	}
1045
1046	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1047	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1048	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1049	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1050	updatesizehints(c);
1051	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1052	grabbuttons(c, False);
1053	updatetitle(c);
1054	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1055		t = getclient(trans);
1056	if(t)
1057		c->tags = t->tags;
1058	else
1059		applyrules(c);
1060	if(!c->isfloating)
1061		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1062	if(c->isfloating)
1063		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1064	attach(c);
1065	attachstack(c);
1066	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1067	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1068	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1069	arrange();
1070}
1071
1072void
1073mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1074	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1075
1076	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1077	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1078		grabkeys();
1079}
1080
1081void
1082maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1083	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1084	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1085
1086	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1087		return;
1088	if(wa.override_redirect)
1089		return;
1090	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1091		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1092}
1093
1094void
1095monocle(Monitor *m) {
1096	Client *c;
1097
1098	for(c = nexttiled(m, clients); c; c = nexttiled(m, c->next))
1099		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1100}
1101
1102void
1103movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1104	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1105	unsigned int dui;
1106	Client *c;
1107	Window dummy;
1108	XEvent ev;
1109
1110	if(!(c = sel))
1111		return;
1112	restack(selmon);
1113	ocx = c->x;
1114	ocy = c->y;
1115	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1116	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1117		return;
1118	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1119	do {
1120		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1121		switch (ev.type) {
1122		case ConfigureRequest:
1123		case Expose:
1124		case MapRequest:
1125			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1126			break;
1127		case MotionNotify:
1128			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1129			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1130			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1131			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1132				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1133					nx = selmon->wx;
1134				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1135					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1136				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1137					ny = selmon->wy;
1138				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1139					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1140				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1141				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1142					togglefloating(NULL);
1143			}
1144			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1145				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1146			break;
1147		}
1148	}
1149	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1150	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1151}
1152
1153Client *
1154nexttiled(Monitor *m, Client *c) {
1155	// TODO: m handling
1156	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(m, c)); c = c->next);
1157	return c;
1158}
1159
1160void
1161propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1162	Client *c;
1163	Window trans;
1164	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1165
1166	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1167		updatestatus();
1168	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1169		return; /* ignore */
1170	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1171		switch (ev->atom) {
1172		default: break;
1173		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1174			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1175			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1176				arrange();
1177			break;
1178		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1179			updatesizehints(c);
1180			break;
1181		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1182			updatewmhints(c);
1183			drawbars();
1184			break;
1185		}
1186		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1187			updatetitle(c);
1188			if(c == sel)
1189				drawbars();
1190		}
1191	}
1192}
1193
1194void
1195quit(const Arg *arg) {
1196	running = False;
1197}
1198
1199void
1200resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1201	XWindowChanges wc;
1202
1203	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1204		c->x = wc.x = x;
1205		c->y = wc.y = y;
1206		c->w = wc.width = w;
1207		c->h = wc.height = h;
1208		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1209		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1210				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1211		configure(c);
1212		XSync(dpy, False);
1213	}
1214}
1215
1216void
1217resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1218	int ocx, ocy;
1219	int nw, nh;
1220	Client *c;
1221	XEvent ev;
1222
1223	if(!(c = sel))
1224		return;
1225	restack(selmon);
1226	ocx = c->x;
1227	ocy = c->y;
1228	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1229	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1230		return;
1231	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1232	do {
1233		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1234		switch(ev.type) {
1235		case ConfigureRequest:
1236		case Expose:
1237		case MapRequest:
1238			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1239			break;
1240		case MotionNotify:
1241			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1242			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1243
1244			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1245			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1246				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1247				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1248					togglefloating(NULL);
1249			}
1250			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1251				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1252			break;
1253		}
1254	}
1255	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1256	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1257	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1258	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1259}
1260
1261void
1262restack(Monitor *m) {
1263	Client *c;
1264	XEvent ev;
1265	XWindowChanges wc;
1266
1267	drawbars();
1268	if(!sel)
1269		return;
1270	if(m == selmon && (sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange))
1271		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1272	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1273		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1274		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1275		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1276			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(m, c)) {
1277				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1278				wc.sibling = c->win;
1279			}
1280	}
1281	XSync(dpy, False);
1282	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1283}
1284
1285void
1286run(void) {
1287	XEvent ev;
1288
1289	/* main event loop */
1290	XSync(dpy, False);
1291	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1292		if(handler[ev.type])
1293			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1294	}
1295}
1296
1297void
1298scan(void) {
1299	unsigned int i, num;
1300	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1301	XWindowAttributes wa;
1302
1303	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1304		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1305			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1306			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1307				continue;
1308			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1309				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1310		}
1311		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1312			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1313				continue;
1314			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1315			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1316				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1317		}
1318		if(wins)
1319			XFree(wins);
1320	}
1321}
1322
1323void
1324setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1325	long data[] = {state, None};
1326
1327	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1328			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1329}
1330
1331void
1332setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1333	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1334		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1335	if(arg && arg->v)
1336		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1337	if(sel)
1338		arrange();
1339	else
1340		drawbars();
1341}
1342
1343/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1344void
1345setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1346	float f;
1347
1348	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1349		return;
1350	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1351	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1352		return;
1353	selmon->mfact = f;
1354	arrange();
1355}
1356
1357void
1358setup(void) {
1359	unsigned int i;
1360	int w;
1361	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1362
1363	/* init screen */
1364	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1365	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1366	initfont(font);
1367	sx = 0;
1368	sy = 0;
1369	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1370	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1371	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1372	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1373	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1374	updategeom();
1375
1376	/* init atoms */
1377	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1378	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1379	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1380	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1381	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1382
1383	/* init cursors */
1384	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1385	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1386	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1387
1388	/* init appearance */
1389	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1390	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1391	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1392	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1393	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1394	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1395	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1396	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1397	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1398	if(!dc.font.set)
1399		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1400
1401	/* init bars */
1402	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1403		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1404		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1405	}
1406	updatebars();
1407	updatestatus();
1408
1409	/* EWMH support per view */
1410	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1411			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1412
1413	/* select for events */
1414	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1415	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1416			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1417			|PropertyChangeMask;
1418	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1419	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1420
1421	grabkeys();
1422}
1423
1424void
1425showhide(Client *c) {
1426	if(!c)
1427		return;
1428	if(ISVISIBLE((c->m), c)) { /* show clients top down */
1429		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1430		if(!lt[c->m->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1431			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1432		showhide(c->snext);
1433	}
1434	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1435		showhide(c->snext);
1436		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1437	}
1438}
1439
1440
1441void
1442sigchld(int signal) {
1443	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1444}
1445
1446void
1447spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1448	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1449	if(fork() == 0) {
1450		if(dpy)
1451			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1452		setsid();
1453		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1454		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1455		perror(" failed");
1456		exit(0);
1457	}
1458}
1459
1460void
1461tag(const Arg *arg) {
1462	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1463		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1464		arrange();
1465	}
1466}
1467
1468#ifdef XINERAMA
1469void
1470tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1471	unsigned int i;
1472	Monitor *m;
1473
1474	for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
1475		if(i == arg->ui) {
1476			sel->m = m;
1477			arrange();
1478			break;
1479		}
1480}
1481#endif /* XINERAMA */
1482
1483int
1484textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1485	XRectangle r;
1486
1487	if(dc.font.set) {
1488		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1489		return r.width;
1490	}
1491	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1492}
1493
1494void
1495tile(Monitor *m) {
1496	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1497	unsigned int i, n;
1498	Client *c;
1499
1500	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m, clients); c; c = nexttiled(m, c->next), n++);
1501	if(n == 0)
1502		return;
1503
1504	/* master */
1505	c = nexttiled(m, clients);
1506	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1507	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1508
1509	if(--n == 0)
1510		return;
1511
1512	/* tile stack */
1513	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1514	y = m->wy;
1515	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1516	h = m->wh / n;
1517	if(h < bh)
1518		h = m->wh;
1519
1520	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(m, c->next); c; c = nexttiled(m, c->next), i++) {
1521		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1522		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1523		if(h != m->wh)
1524			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1525	}
1526}
1527
1528void
1529togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1530	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1531	updatebarpos(selmon);
1532	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1533	arrange();
1534}
1535
1536void
1537togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1538	if(!sel)
1539		return;
1540	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1541	if(sel->isfloating)
1542		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h);
1543	arrange();
1544}
1545
1546void
1547toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1548	unsigned int mask;
1549
1550	if(!sel)
1551		return;
1552	
1553	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1554	if(mask) {
1555		sel->tags = mask;
1556		arrange();
1557	}
1558}
1559
1560void
1561toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1562	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1563
1564	if(mask) {
1565		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1566		arrange();
1567	}
1568}
1569
1570void
1571unmanage(Client *c) {
1572	XWindowChanges wc;
1573
1574	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1575	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1576	XGrabServer(dpy);
1577	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1578	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1579	detach(c);
1580	detachstack(c);
1581	if(sel == c)
1582		focus(NULL);
1583	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1584	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1585	free(c);
1586	XSync(dpy, False);
1587	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1588	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1589	arrange();
1590}
1591
1592void
1593unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1594	Client *c;
1595	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1596
1597	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1598		unmanage(c);
1599}
1600
1601void
1602updatebars(void) {
1603	Monitor *m;
1604	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1605
1606	wa.override_redirect = True;
1607	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1608	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1609
1610	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1611		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1612
1613		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1614		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1615		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1616		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1617	}
1618}
1619
1620void
1621updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1622	m->wy = m->my;
1623	m->wh = m->mh;
1624	if(m->showbar) {
1625		m->wh -= bh;
1626		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1627		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1628	}
1629	else
1630		m->by = -bh;
1631}
1632
1633void
1634updategeom(void) {
1635	int i, n;
1636	Client *c;
1637	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m;
1638
1639#ifdef XINERAMA
1640	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1641
1642	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1643		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1644#endif
1645	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1646	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1647		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1648		m->next = newmons;
1649		newmons = m;
1650	}
1651
1652	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1653#ifdef XINERAMA
1654	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1655		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1656			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1657			m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1658			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1659			m->ww = info[i].width;
1660			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1661		}
1662		XFree(info);
1663	}
1664	else
1665#endif
1666	/* default monitor setup */
1667	{
1668		m->screen_number = 0;
1669		m->wx = sx;
1670		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1671		m->ww = sw;
1672		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1673	}
1674
1675	/* bar geometry setup */
1676	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1677		/* TODO: consider removing the following values from config.h */
1678		m->seltags = 0;
1679		m->sellt = 0;
1680		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1681		m->mfact = mfact;
1682		m->showbar = showbar;
1683		m->topbar = topbar;
1684		updatebarpos(m);
1685		/* reassign all clients with same screen number */
1686		for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1687			if(c->m->screen_number == m->screen_number)
1688				c->m = m;
1689	}
1690
1691	/* reassign left over clients with disappeared screen number */
1692	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1693		if(c->m->screen_number >= n)
1694			c->m = newmons;
1695
1696	/* select focused monitor */
1697	if(!selmon) {
1698		selmon = newmons;
1699		int di, x, y;
1700		unsigned int dui;
1701		Window dummy;
1702		if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui)) 
1703			for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next)
1704				if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh)) {
1705					selmon = m;
1706					break;
1707				}
1708	}
1709
1710	/* final assignment of new monitors */
1711	cleanupmons();
1712	mons = newmons;
1713}
1714
1715void
1716updatenumlockmask(void) {
1717	unsigned int i, j;
1718	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1719
1720	numlockmask = 0;
1721	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1722	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1723		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1724			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1725			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1726				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1727	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1728}
1729
1730void
1731updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1732	long msize;
1733	XSizeHints size;
1734
1735	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1736		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1737		size.flags = PSize;
1738	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1739		c->basew = size.base_width;
1740		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1741	}
1742	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1743		c->basew = size.min_width;
1744		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1745	}
1746	else
1747		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1748	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1749		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1750		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1751	}
1752	else
1753		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1754	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1755		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1756		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1757	}
1758	else
1759		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1760	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1761		c->minw = size.min_width;
1762		c->minh = size.min_height;
1763	}
1764	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1765		c->minw = size.base_width;
1766		c->minh = size.base_height;
1767	}
1768	else
1769		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1770	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1771		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1772		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1773	}
1774	else
1775		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1776	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1777	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1778}
1779
1780void
1781updatetitle(Client *c) {
1782	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1783		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1784}
1785
1786void
1787updatestatus() {
1788	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1789		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1790	drawbar(selmon);
1791}
1792
1793void
1794updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1795	XWMHints *wmh;
1796
1797	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1798		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1799			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1800			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1801		}
1802		else
1803			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1804
1805		XFree(wmh);
1806	}
1807}
1808
1809void
1810view(const Arg *arg) {
1811	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1812		return;
1813	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1814	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1815		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1816	arrange();
1817}
1818
1819/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1820 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1821 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1822int
1823xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1824	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1825	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1826	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1827	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1828	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1829	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1830	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1831	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1832	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1833		return 0;
1834	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1835			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1836	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1837}
1838
1839int
1840xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1841	return 0;
1842}
1843
1844/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1845 * is already running. */
1846int
1847xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1848	otherwm = True;
1849	return -1;
1850}
1851
1852void
1853zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1854	Client *c = sel;
1855
1856	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1857		return;
1858	if(c == nexttiled(selmon, clients))
1859		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(selmon, c->next)))
1860			return;
1861	detach(c);
1862	attach(c);
1863	focus(c);
1864	arrange();
1865}
1866
1867int
1868main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1869	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1870		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1871	else if(argc != 1)
1872		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1873
1874	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1875		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1876
1877	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1878		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1879
1880	checkotherwm();
1881	setup();
1882	scan();
1883	run();
1884	cleanup();
1885
1886	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1887	return 0;
1888}