1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  48#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  49#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  50#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Monitor *mon;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123struct Monitor {
 124	int screen_number;
 125	float mfact;
 126	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 127	int mx, my, mw, mh;   /* screen size */
 128	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 129	unsigned int seltags;
 130	unsigned int sellt;
 131	unsigned int tagset[2];
 132	Bool showbar;
 133	Bool topbar;
 134	Client *clients;
 135	Client *sel;
 136	Client *stack;
 137	Monitor *next;
 138	Window barwin;
 139};
 140
 141typedef struct {
 142	const char *class;
 143	const char *instance;
 144	const char *title;
 145	unsigned int tags;
 146	Bool isfloating;
 147} Rule;
 148
 149/* function declarations */
 150static void applyrules(Client *c);
 151static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 152static void arrange(void);
 153static void attach(Client *c);
 154static void attachstack(Client *c);
 155static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 156static void checkotherwm(void);
 157static void cleanup(void);
 158static void cleanupmons(void);
 159static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 160static void configure(Client *c);
 161static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 162static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 163static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 164static void detach(Client *c);
 165static void detachstack(Client *c);
 166static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 167static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 168static void drawbars(void);
 169static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 170static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 171static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void expose(XEvent *e);
 173static void focus(Client *c);
 174static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 175static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 176static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 177static Bool getrootpointer(int *x, int *y);
 178static long getstate(Window w);
 179static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 180static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 181static void grabkeys(void);
 182static Monitor *idxtomon(unsigned int n);
 183static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 184static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 185static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 186static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 187static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 188static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 189static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 190static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 191static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 192static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 193static Monitor *pointertomon(int x, int y);
 194static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 195static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 196static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 197static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 198static void restack(Monitor *m);
 199static void run(void);
 200static void scan(void);
 201static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
 202static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 203static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 204static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 205static void setup(void);
 206static void showhide(Client *c);
 207static void sigchld(int signal);
 208static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 209static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 210static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 211static void tile(Monitor *);
 212static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 213static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 214static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 215static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 216static void unfocus(Client *c);
 217static void unmanage(Client *c);
 218static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 219static void updategeom(void);
 220static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 221static void updatebars(void);
 222static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 223static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 224static void updatestatus(void);
 225static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 226static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 227static void view(const Arg *arg);
 228static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
 229static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
 230static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 231static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 232static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 233static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 234#ifdef XINERAMA
 235static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 236static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 237#endif /* XINERAMA */
 238
 239/* variables */
 240static char stext[256];
 241static int screen;
 242static int sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 243static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 244static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 245static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 246static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 247	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 248	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 249	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 250	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 251	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 252	[Expose] = expose,
 253	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 254	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 255	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 256	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 257	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 258	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 259};
 260static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 261static Bool otherwm;
 262static Bool running = True;
 263static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 264static Display *dpy;
 265static DC dc;
 266static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 267static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 268static Window root;
 269/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 270#include "config.h"
 271
 272/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 273struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 274
 275/* function implementations */
 276void
 277applyrules(Client *c) {
 278	unsigned int i;
 279	Rule *r;
 280	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 281
 282	/* rule matching */
 283	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 284	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 285		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 286			r = &rules[i];
 287			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 288			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 289			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 290				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 291				c->tags |= r->tags;
 292			}
 293		}
 294		if(ch.res_class)
 295			XFree(ch.res_class);
 296		if(ch.res_name)
 297			XFree(ch.res_name);
 298	}
 299	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 300}
 301
 302Bool
 303applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 304	Bool baseismin;
 305	Monitor *m = c->mon;
 306
 307	/* set minimum possible */
 308	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 309	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 310
 311	if(*x > m->mx + m->mw)
 312		*x = m->mw - WIDTH(c);
 313	if(*y > m->my + m->mh)
 314		*y = m->mh - HEIGHT(c);
 315	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < m->mx)
 316		*x = m->mx;
 317	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < m->my)
 318		*y = m->my;
 319	if(*h < bh)
 320		*h = bh;
 321	if(*w < bh)
 322		*w = bh;
 323
 324	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 325		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 326		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 327
 328		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 329			*w -= c->basew;
 330			*h -= c->baseh;
 331		}
 332
 333		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 334		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 335			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 336				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 337			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 338				*h = *w * c->mina;
 339		}
 340
 341		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 342			*w -= c->basew;
 343			*h -= c->baseh;
 344		}
 345
 346		/* adjust for increment value */
 347		if(c->incw)
 348			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 349		if(c->inch)
 350			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 351
 352		/* restore base dimensions */
 353		*w += c->basew;
 354		*h += c->baseh;
 355
 356		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 357		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 358
 359		if(c->maxw)
 360			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 361
 362		if(c->maxh)
 363			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 364	}
 365	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 366}
 367
 368void
 369arrange(void) {
 370	Monitor *m;
 371
 372	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 373	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 374		showhide(m->stack);
 375	focus(NULL);
 376	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 377		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 378			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 379		restack(m);
 380	}
 381}
 382
 383void
 384attach(Client *c) {
 385	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 386	c->mon->clients = c;
 387}
 388
 389void
 390attachstack(Client *c) {
 391	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 392	c->mon->stack = c;
 393}
 394
 395void
 396buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 397	unsigned int i, x, click;
 398	Arg arg = {0};
 399	Client *c;
 400	Monitor *m;
 401	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 402
 403	click = ClkRootWin;
 404	/* focus monitor if necessary */
 405	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 406		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 407		selmon = m;
 408		focus(NULL);
 409	}
 410	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 411		i = 0;
 412		x = selmon->btx;
 413		do
 414			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 415		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 416		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 417			click = ClkTagBar;
 418			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 419		}
 420		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 421			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 422		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 423			click = ClkStatusText;
 424		else
 425			click = ClkWinTitle;
 426	}
 427	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 428		focus(c);
 429		click = ClkClientWin;
 430	}
 431
 432	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 433		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 434		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 435			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 436}
 437
 438void
 439checkotherwm(void) {
 440	otherwm = False;
 441	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 442
 443	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 444	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 445	XSync(dpy, False);
 446	if(otherwm)
 447		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 448	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 449	XSync(dpy, False);
 450}
 451
 452void
 453cleanup(void) {
 454	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 455	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 456	Monitor *m;
 457
 458	view(&a);
 459	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 460	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 461		while(m->stack)
 462			unmanage(m->stack);
 463	if(dc.font.set)
 464		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 465	else
 466		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 467	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 468	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 469	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 470	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 471	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 472	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 473	cleanupmons();
 474	XSync(dpy, False);
 475	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 476}
 477
 478void
 479cleanupmons(void) {
 480	Monitor *m;
 481
 482	while(mons) {
 483		m = mons->next;
 484		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 485		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 486		free(mons);
 487		mons = m;
 488	}
 489}
 490
 491void
 492clearurgent(Client *c) {
 493	XWMHints *wmh;
 494
 495	c->isurgent = False;
 496	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 497		return;
 498	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 499	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 500	XFree(wmh);
 501}
 502
 503void
 504configure(Client *c) {
 505	XConfigureEvent ce;
 506
 507	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 508	ce.display = dpy;
 509	ce.event = c->win;
 510	ce.window = c->win;
 511	ce.x = c->x;
 512	ce.y = c->y;
 513	ce.width = c->w;
 514	ce.height = c->h;
 515	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 516	ce.above = None;
 517	ce.override_redirect = False;
 518	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 519}
 520
 521void
 522configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 523	Monitor *m;
 524	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 525
 526	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 527		sw = ev->width;
 528		sh = ev->height;
 529		updategeom();
 530		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 531			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 532		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 533		updatebars();
 534		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 535			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 536		arrange();
 537	}
 538}
 539
 540void
 541configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 542	Client *c;
 543	Monitor *m;
 544	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 545	XWindowChanges wc;
 546
 547	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 548		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 549			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 550		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 551			m = c->mon;
 552			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 553				c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
 554			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 555				c->y = m->my + ev->y;
 556			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 557				c->w = ev->width;
 558			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 559				c->h = ev->height;
 560			if((c->x - m->mx + c->w) > m->mw && c->isfloating)
 561				c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 562			if((c->y - m->my + c->h) > m->mh && c->isfloating)
 563				c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 564			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 565				configure(c);
 566			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 567				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 568		}
 569		else
 570			configure(c);
 571	}
 572	else {
 573		wc.x = ev->x;
 574		wc.y = ev->y;
 575		wc.width = ev->width;
 576		wc.height = ev->height;
 577		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 578		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 579		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 580		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 581	}
 582	XSync(dpy, False);
 583}
 584
 585void
 586destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 587	Client *c;
 588	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 589
 590	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 591		unmanage(c);
 592}
 593
 594void
 595detach(Client *c) {
 596	Client **tc;
 597
 598	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 599	*tc = c->next;
 600}
 601
 602void
 603detachstack(Client *c) {
 604	Client **tc, *t;
 605
 606	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 607	*tc = c->snext;
 608
 609	if(c == c->mon->sel) {
 610		for(t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
 611		c->mon->sel = t;
 612	}
 613}
 614
 615void
 616die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 617	va_list ap;
 618
 619	va_start(ap, errstr);
 620	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 621	va_end(ap);
 622	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 623}
 624
 625void
 626drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 627	int x;
 628	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 629	unsigned long *col;
 630	Client *c;
 631
 632	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 633		occ |= c->tags;
 634		if(c->isurgent)
 635			urg |= c->tags;
 636	}
 637
 638	dc.x = 0;
 639#ifdef XINERAMA
 640	if(mons->next) { /* more than a single monitor */
 641		char buf[2];
 642		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 643		buf[1] = '\0';
 644		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 645		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 646		dc.x += dc.w;
 647	}
 648#endif /* XINERAMA */
 649	m->btx = dc.x;
 650	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 651		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 652		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 653		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 654		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 655		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 656		dc.x += dc.w;
 657	}
 658	if(blw > 0) {
 659		dc.w = blw;
 660		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 661		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 662	}
 663	else
 664		x = dc.x;
 665	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 666		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 667		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 668		if(dc.x < x) {
 669			dc.x = x;
 670			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 671		}
 672		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 673	}
 674	else {
 675		dc.x = m->ww;
 676	}
 677	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 678		dc.x = x;
 679		if(m->sel) {
 680			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 681			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 682			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 683		}
 684		else
 685			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 686	}
 687	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 688	XSync(dpy, False);
 689}
 690
 691void
 692drawbars(void) {
 693	Monitor *m;
 694
 695	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 696		drawbar(m);
 697}
 698
 699void
 700drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 701	int x;
 702	XGCValues gcv;
 703	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 704
 705	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 706	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 707	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 708	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 709	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 710	if(filled) {
 711		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 712		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 713	}
 714	else if(empty) {
 715		r.width = r.height = x;
 716		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 717	}
 718}
 719
 720void
 721drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 722	char buf[256];
 723	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 724	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 725
 726	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 727	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 728	if(!text)
 729		return;
 730	olen = strlen(text);
 731	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 732	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 733	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 734	/* shorten text if necessary */
 735	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 736	if(!len)
 737		return;
 738	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 739	if(len < olen)
 740		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 741	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 742	if(dc.font.set)
 743		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 744	else
 745		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 746}
 747
 748void
 749enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 750	Client *c;
 751	Monitor *m;
 752	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 753
 754	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 755		return;
 756	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 757		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 758		selmon = m;
 759	}
 760	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 761		focus(c);
 762	else
 763		focus(NULL);
 764}
 765
 766void
 767expose(XEvent *e) {
 768	Monitor *m;
 769	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 770
 771	if(ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window)))
 772		drawbar(m);
 773}
 774
 775void
 776focus(Client *c) {
 777	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 778		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 779	if(selmon->sel)
 780		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 781	if(c) {
 782		if(c->mon != selmon)
 783			selmon = c->mon;
 784		if(c->isurgent)
 785			clearurgent(c);
 786		detachstack(c);
 787		attachstack(c);
 788		grabbuttons(c, True);
 789		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 790		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 791	}
 792	else
 793		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 794	selmon->sel = c;
 795	drawbars();
 796}
 797
 798void
 799focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 800	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 801
 802	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 803		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 804}
 805
 806#ifdef XINERAMA
 807void
 808focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 809	Monitor *m;
 810
 811	if(!(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)) || m == selmon)
 812		return;
 813	unfocus(selmon->sel);
 814	selmon = m;
 815	focus(NULL);
 816}
 817#endif /* XINERAMA */
 818
 819void
 820focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 821	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 822
 823	if(!selmon->sel)
 824		return;
 825	if(arg->i > 0) {
 826		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 827		if(!c)
 828			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 829	}
 830	else {
 831		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 832			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 833				c = i;
 834		if(!c)
 835			for(; i; i = i->next)
 836				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 837					c = i;
 838	}
 839	if(c) {
 840		focus(c);
 841		restack(selmon);
 842	}
 843}
 844
 845unsigned long
 846getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 847	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 848	XColor color;
 849
 850	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 851		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 852	return color.pixel;
 853}
 854
 855Bool
 856getrootpointer(int *x, int *y) {
 857	int di;
 858	unsigned int dui;
 859	Window dummy;
 860	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
 861}
 862
 863long
 864getstate(Window w) {
 865	int format, status;
 866	long result = -1;
 867	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 868	unsigned long n, extra;
 869	Atom real;
 870
 871	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 872			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 873	if(status != Success)
 874		return -1;
 875	if(n != 0)
 876		result = *p;
 877	XFree(p);
 878	return result;
 879}
 880
 881Bool
 882gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 883	char **list = NULL;
 884	int n;
 885	XTextProperty name;
 886
 887	if(!text || size == 0)
 888		return False;
 889	text[0] = '\0';
 890	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 891	if(!name.nitems)
 892		return False;
 893	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 894		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 895	else {
 896		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 897		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 898			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 899			XFreeStringList(list);
 900		}
 901	}
 902	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 903	XFree(name.value);
 904	return True;
 905}
 906
 907void
 908grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 909	updatenumlockmask();
 910	{
 911		unsigned int i, j;
 912		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 913		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 914		if(focused) {
 915			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 916				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 917					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 918						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 919						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 920						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 921						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 922		} else
 923			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 924			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 925	}
 926}
 927
 928void
 929grabkeys(void) {
 930	updatenumlockmask();
 931	{ /* grab keys */
 932		unsigned int i, j;
 933		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 934		KeyCode code;
 935
 936		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 937		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 938			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 939				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 940					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 941						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 942		}
 943	}
 944}
 945
 946Monitor *
 947idxtomon(unsigned int n) {
 948	unsigned int i;
 949	Monitor *m;
 950
 951	for(m = mons, i = 0; m && i != n; m = m->next, i++);
 952	return m;
 953}
 954
 955void
 956initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 957	char *def, **missing;
 958	int i, n;
 959
 960	missing = NULL;
 961	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 962	if(missing) {
 963		while(n--)
 964			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 965		XFreeStringList(missing);
 966	}
 967	if(dc.font.set) {
 968		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 969		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 970		char **font_names;
 971		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 972		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 973		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 974		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 975			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 976			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 977			xfonts++;
 978		}
 979	}
 980	else {
 981		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 982		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 983			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 984		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 985		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 986	}
 987	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 988}
 989
 990Bool
 991isprotodel(Client *c) {
 992	int i, n;
 993	Atom *protocols;
 994	Bool ret = False;
 995
 996	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 997		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 998			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 999				ret = True;
1000		XFree(protocols);
1001	}
1002	return ret;
1003}
1004
1005void
1006keypress(XEvent *e) {
1007	unsigned int i;
1008	KeySym keysym;
1009	XKeyEvent *ev;
1010
1011	ev = &e->xkey;
1012	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1013	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1014		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1015		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1016		   && keys[i].func)
1017			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1018}
1019
1020void
1021killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1022	XEvent ev;
1023
1024	if(!selmon->sel)
1025		return;
1026	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1027		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1028		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1029		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1030		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1031		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1032		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1033		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1034	}
1035	else
1036		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1037}
1038
1039void
1040manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1041	static Client cz;
1042	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1043	Window trans = None;
1044	XWindowChanges wc;
1045
1046	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1047		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1048	*c = cz;
1049	c->win = w;
1050
1051	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1052		t = wintoclient(trans);
1053	if(t) {
1054		c->mon = t->mon;
1055		c->tags = t->tags;
1056	}
1057	else {
1058		c->mon = selmon;
1059		applyrules(c);
1060	}
1061
1062	/* geometry */
1063	c->x = wa->x + c->mon->wx;
1064	c->y = wa->y + c->mon->wy;
1065	c->w = wa->width;
1066	c->h = wa->height;
1067	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1068	if(c->w == c->mon->mw && c->h == c->mon->mh) {
1069		c->x = c->mon->mx;
1070		c->y = c->mon->my;
1071		c->bw = 0;
1072	}
1073	else {
1074		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw)
1075			c->x = c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c);
1076		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->my + c->mon->mh)
1077			c->y = c->mon->my + c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c);
1078		c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
1079		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1080		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1081		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : c->mon->my);
1082		c->bw = borderpx;
1083	}
1084
1085	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1086	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1087	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1088	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1089	updatesizehints(c);
1090	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1091	grabbuttons(c, False);
1092	updatetitle(c);
1093	if(!c->isfloating)
1094		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1095	if(c->isfloating)
1096		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1097	attach(c);
1098	attachstack(c);
1099	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1100	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1101	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1102	arrange();
1103}
1104
1105void
1106mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1107	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1108
1109	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1110	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1111		grabkeys();
1112}
1113
1114void
1115maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1116	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1117	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1118
1119	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1120		return;
1121	if(wa.override_redirect)
1122		return;
1123	if(!wintoclient(ev->window))
1124		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1125}
1126
1127void
1128monocle(Monitor *m) {
1129	Client *c;
1130
1131	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1132		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1133}
1134
1135void
1136movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1137	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
1138	Client *c;
1139	Monitor *m;
1140	XEvent ev;
1141
1142	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1143		return;
1144	restack(selmon);
1145	ocx = c->x;
1146	ocy = c->y;
1147	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1148	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1149		return;
1150	if(!getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1151		return;
1152	do {
1153		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1154		switch (ev.type) {
1155		case ConfigureRequest:
1156		case Expose:
1157		case MapRequest:
1158			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1159			break;
1160		case MotionNotify:
1161			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1162			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1163			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1164			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1165				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1166					nx = selmon->wx;
1167				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1168					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1169				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1170					ny = selmon->wy;
1171				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1172					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1173				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1174				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1175					togglefloating(NULL);
1176			}
1177			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1178				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1179			break;
1180		}
1181	}
1182	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1183	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1184	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1185		sendmon(c, m);
1186		selmon = m;
1187		focus(NULL);
1188	}
1189}
1190
1191Client *
1192nexttiled(Client *c) {
1193	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1194	return c;
1195}
1196
1197Monitor *
1198pointertomon(int x, int y) {
1199	Monitor *m;
1200
1201	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1202		if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh))
1203			return m;
1204	return mons;
1205}
1206
1207void
1208propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1209	Client *c;
1210	Window trans;
1211	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1212
1213	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1214		updatestatus();
1215	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1216		return; /* ignore */
1217	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
1218		switch (ev->atom) {
1219		default: break;
1220		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1221			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1222			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans) != NULL)))
1223				arrange();
1224			break;
1225		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1226			updatesizehints(c);
1227			break;
1228		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1229			updatewmhints(c);
1230			drawbars();
1231			break;
1232		}
1233		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1234			updatetitle(c);
1235			if(c == selmon->sel)
1236				drawbars();
1237		}
1238	}
1239}
1240
1241void
1242quit(const Arg *arg) {
1243	running = False;
1244}
1245
1246void
1247resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1248	XWindowChanges wc;
1249
1250	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1251		c->x = wc.x = x;
1252		c->y = wc.y = y;
1253		c->w = wc.width = w;
1254		c->h = wc.height = h;
1255		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1256		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1257		configure(c);
1258		XSync(dpy, False);
1259	}
1260}
1261
1262void
1263resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1264	int ocx, ocy;
1265	int nw, nh;
1266	Client *c;
1267	Monitor *m;
1268	XEvent ev;
1269
1270	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1271		return;
1272	restack(selmon);
1273	ocx = c->x;
1274	ocy = c->y;
1275	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1276	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1277		return;
1278	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1279	do {
1280		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1281		switch(ev.type) {
1282		case ConfigureRequest:
1283		case Expose:
1284		case MapRequest:
1285			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1286			break;
1287		case MotionNotify:
1288			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1289			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1290
1291			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1292			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1293				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1294				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1295					togglefloating(NULL);
1296			}
1297			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1298				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1299			break;
1300		}
1301	}
1302	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1303	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1304	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1305	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1306	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1307		sendmon(c, m);
1308		selmon = m;
1309		focus(NULL);
1310	}
1311}
1312
1313void
1314restack(Monitor *m) {
1315	Client *c;
1316	XEvent ev;
1317	XWindowChanges wc;
1318
1319	drawbars();
1320	if(!m->sel)
1321		return;
1322	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1323		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1324	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1325		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1326		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1327		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1328			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1329				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1330				wc.sibling = c->win;
1331			}
1332	}
1333	XSync(dpy, False);
1334	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1335}
1336
1337void
1338run(void) {
1339	XEvent ev;
1340
1341	/* main event loop */
1342	XSync(dpy, False);
1343	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1344		if(handler[ev.type])
1345			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1346	}
1347}
1348
1349void
1350scan(void) {
1351	unsigned int i, num;
1352	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1353	XWindowAttributes wa;
1354
1355	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1356		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1357			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1358			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1359				continue;
1360			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1361				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1362		}
1363		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1364			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1365				continue;
1366			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1367			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1368				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1369		}
1370		if(wins)
1371			XFree(wins);
1372	}
1373}
1374
1375void
1376sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
1377	if(c->mon == m)
1378		return;
1379	detach(c);
1380	detachstack(c);
1381	c->mon = m;
1382	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1383	attach(c);
1384	attachstack(c);
1385	focus(NULL);
1386	arrange();
1387}
1388
1389void
1390setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1391	long data[] = {state, None};
1392
1393	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1394			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1395}
1396
1397void
1398setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1399	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1400		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1401	if(arg && arg->v)
1402		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1403	if(selmon->sel)
1404		arrange();
1405	else
1406		drawbars();
1407}
1408
1409/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1410void
1411setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1412	float f;
1413
1414	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1415		return;
1416	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1417	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1418		return;
1419	selmon->mfact = f;
1420	arrange();
1421}
1422
1423void
1424setup(void) {
1425	unsigned int i;
1426	int w;
1427	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1428
1429	/* init screen */
1430	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1431	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1432	initfont(font);
1433	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1434	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1435	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1436	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1437	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1438	updategeom();
1439
1440	/* init atoms */
1441	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1442	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1443	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1444	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1445	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1446
1447	/* init cursors */
1448	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1449	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1450	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1451
1452	/* init appearance */
1453	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1454	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1455	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1456	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1457	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1458	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1459	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1460	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1461	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1462	if(!dc.font.set)
1463		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1464
1465	/* init bars */
1466	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1467		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1468		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1469	}
1470	updatebars();
1471	updatestatus();
1472
1473	/* EWMH support per view */
1474	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1475			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1476
1477	/* select for events */
1478	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1479	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1480			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1481			|PropertyChangeMask;
1482	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1483	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1484
1485	grabkeys();
1486}
1487
1488void
1489showhide(Client *c) {
1490	if(!c)
1491		return;
1492	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1493		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1494		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1495			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1496		showhide(c->snext);
1497	}
1498	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1499		showhide(c->snext);
1500		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1501	}
1502}
1503
1504
1505void
1506sigchld(int signal) {
1507	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1508}
1509
1510void
1511spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1512	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1513	if(fork() == 0) {
1514		if(dpy)
1515			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1516		setsid();
1517		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1518		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1519		perror(" failed");
1520		exit(0);
1521	}
1522}
1523
1524void
1525tag(const Arg *arg) {
1526	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1527		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1528		arrange();
1529	}
1530}
1531
1532#ifdef XINERAMA
1533void
1534tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1535	Monitor *m;
1536
1537	if(!selmon->sel || !(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)))
1538		return;
1539	sendmon(selmon->sel, m);
1540}
1541#endif /* XINERAMA */
1542
1543int
1544textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1545	XRectangle r;
1546
1547	if(dc.font.set) {
1548		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1549		return r.width;
1550	}
1551	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1552}
1553
1554void
1555tile(Monitor *m) {
1556	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1557	unsigned int i, n;
1558	Client *c;
1559
1560	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1561	if(n == 0)
1562		return;
1563
1564	/* master */
1565	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1566	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1567	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1568
1569	if(--n == 0)
1570		return;
1571
1572	/* tile stack */
1573	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1574	y = m->wy;
1575	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1576	h = m->wh / n;
1577	if(h < bh)
1578		h = m->wh;
1579
1580	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1581		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1582		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1583		if(h != m->wh)
1584			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1585	}
1586}
1587
1588void
1589togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1590	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1591	updatebarpos(selmon);
1592	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1593	arrange();
1594}
1595
1596void
1597togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1598	if(!selmon->sel)
1599		return;
1600	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1601	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1602		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1603	arrange();
1604}
1605
1606void
1607toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1608	unsigned int mask;
1609
1610	if(!selmon->sel)
1611		return;
1612	
1613	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1614	if(mask) {
1615		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1616		arrange();
1617	}
1618}
1619
1620void
1621toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1622	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1623
1624	if(mask) {
1625		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1626		arrange();
1627	}
1628}
1629
1630void
1631unfocus(Client *c) {
1632	if(!c)
1633		return;
1634	grabbuttons(c, False);
1635	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1636	XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1637}
1638
1639void
1640unmanage(Client *c) {
1641	XWindowChanges wc;
1642
1643	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1644	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1645	XGrabServer(dpy);
1646	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1647	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1648	detach(c);
1649	detachstack(c);
1650	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1651	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1652	free(c);
1653	XSync(dpy, False);
1654	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1655	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1656	focus(NULL);
1657	arrange();
1658}
1659
1660void
1661unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1662	Client *c;
1663	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1664
1665	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
1666		unmanage(c);
1667}
1668
1669void
1670updatebars(void) {
1671	Monitor *m;
1672	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1673
1674	wa.override_redirect = True;
1675	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1676	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1677
1678	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1679		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1680
1681		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1682		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1683		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1684		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1685	}
1686}
1687
1688void
1689updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1690	m->wy = m->my;
1691	m->wh = m->mh;
1692	if(m->showbar) {
1693		m->wh -= bh;
1694		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1695		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1696	}
1697	else
1698		m->by = -bh;
1699}
1700
1701void
1702updategeom(void) {
1703	int i, n = 1;
1704	Client *c;
1705	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1706
1707#ifdef XINERAMA
1708	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1709
1710	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1711		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1712#endif /* XINERAMA */
1713	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1714	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1715		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1716		m->next = newmons;
1717		newmons = m;
1718	}
1719
1720	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1721#ifdef XINERAMA
1722	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1723		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1724			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1725			m->mx = m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1726			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1727			m->mw = m->ww = info[i].width;
1728			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1729		}
1730		XFree(info);
1731	}
1732	else
1733#endif /* XINERAMA */
1734	/* default monitor setup */
1735	{
1736		m->screen_number = 0;
1737		m->wx = 0;
1738		m->my = m->wy = 0;
1739		m->ww = sw;
1740		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1741	}
1742
1743	/* bar geometry setup */
1744	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1745		m->sel = m->stack = m->clients = NULL;
1746		m->seltags = 0;
1747		m->sellt = 0;
1748		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1749		m->mfact = mfact;
1750		m->showbar = SHOWBAR;
1751		m->topbar = TOPBAR;
1752		updatebarpos(m);
1753	}
1754
1755	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1756	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1757		while(tm->clients) {
1758			c = tm->clients;
1759			tm->clients = c->next;
1760			detachstack(c);
1761			c->mon = newmons;
1762			attach(c);
1763			attachstack(c);
1764		}
1765
1766	/* select focused monitor */
1767	cleanupmons();
1768	mons = newmons;
1769	selmon = wintomon(root);
1770}
1771
1772void
1773updatenumlockmask(void) {
1774	unsigned int i, j;
1775	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1776
1777	numlockmask = 0;
1778	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1779	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1780		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1781			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1782			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1783				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1784	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1785}
1786
1787void
1788updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1789	long msize;
1790	XSizeHints size;
1791
1792	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1793		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1794		size.flags = PSize;
1795	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1796		c->basew = size.base_width;
1797		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1798	}
1799	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1800		c->basew = size.min_width;
1801		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1802	}
1803	else
1804		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1805	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1806		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1807		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1808	}
1809	else
1810		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1811	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1812		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1813		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1814	}
1815	else
1816		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1817	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1818		c->minw = size.min_width;
1819		c->minh = size.min_height;
1820	}
1821	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1822		c->minw = size.base_width;
1823		c->minh = size.base_height;
1824	}
1825	else
1826		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1827	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1828		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1829		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1830	}
1831	else
1832		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1833	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1834	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1835}
1836
1837void
1838updatetitle(Client *c) {
1839	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1840		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1841}
1842
1843void
1844updatestatus(void) {
1845	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1846		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1847	drawbar(selmon);
1848}
1849
1850void
1851updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1852	XWMHints *wmh;
1853
1854	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1855		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1856			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1857			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1858		}
1859		else
1860			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1861
1862		XFree(wmh);
1863	}
1864}
1865
1866void
1867view(const Arg *arg) {
1868	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1869		return;
1870	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1871	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1872		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1873	arrange();
1874}
1875
1876Client *
1877wintoclient(Window w) {
1878	Client *c;
1879	Monitor *m;
1880
1881	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1882		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
1883			if(c->win == w)
1884				return c;
1885	return NULL;
1886}
1887
1888Monitor *
1889wintomon(Window w) {
1890	int x, y;
1891	Client *c;
1892	Monitor *m;
1893
1894	if(w == root && getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1895		return pointertomon(x, y);
1896	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1897		if(w == m->barwin)
1898			return m;
1899	if((c = wintoclient(w)))
1900		return c->mon;
1901	return mons;
1902}
1903
1904/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1905 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1906 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1907int
1908xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1909	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1910	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1911	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1912	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1913	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1914	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1915	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1916	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1917	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1918		return 0;
1919	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1920			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1921	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1922}
1923
1924int
1925xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1926	return 0;
1927}
1928
1929/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1930 * is already running. */
1931int
1932xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1933	otherwm = True;
1934	return -1;
1935}
1936
1937void
1938zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1939	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1940
1941	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1942		return;
1943	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1944		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1945			return;
1946	detach(c);
1947	attach(c);
1948	focus(c);
1949	arrange();
1950}
1951
1952int
1953main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1954	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1955		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1956	else if(argc != 1)
1957		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1958
1959	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1960		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1961
1962	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1963		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1964
1965	checkotherwm();
1966	setup();
1967	scan();
1968	run();
1969	cleanup();
1970
1971	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1972	return 0;
1973}