1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20 * client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56#define ISVISIBLE(x)    (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66/* typedefs */
  67typedef unsigned int uint;
  68typedef unsigned long ulong;
  69
  70typedef union {
  71	int i;
  72	uint ui;
  73	float f;
  74	void *v;
  75} Arg;
  76
  77typedef struct {
  78	uint click;
  79	uint mask;
  80	uint button;
  81	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  82	const Arg arg;
  83} Button;
  84
  85typedef struct Client Client;
  86struct Client {
  87	char name[256];
  88	float mina, maxa;
  89	int x, y, w, h;
  90	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  91	int bw, oldbw;
  92	uint tags;
  93	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  94	Client *next;
  95	Client *snext;
  96	Window win;
  97};
  98
  99typedef struct {
 100	int x, y, w, h;
 101	ulong norm[ColLast];
 102	ulong sel[ColLast];
 103	Drawable drawable;
 104	GC gc;
 105	struct {
 106		int ascent;
 107		int descent;
 108		int height;
 109		XFontSet set;
 110		XFontStruct *xfont;
 111	} font;
 112} DC; /* draw context */
 113
 114typedef struct {
 115	uint mod;
 116	KeySym keysym;
 117	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 118	const Arg arg;
 119} Key;
 120
 121typedef struct {
 122	const char *symbol;
 123	void (*arrange)(void);
 124} Layout;
 125
 126typedef struct {
 127	const char *class;
 128	const char *instance;
 129	const char *title;
 130	uint tags;
 131	Bool isfloating;
 132} Rule;
 133
 134/* function declarations */
 135static void applyrules(Client *c);
 136static void arrange(void);
 137static void attach(Client *c);
 138static void attachstack(Client *c);
 139static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 140static void checkotherwm(void);
 141static void cleanup(void);
 142static void clearurgent(void);
 143static void configure(Client *c);
 144static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 145static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 146static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 147static void detach(Client *c);
 148static void detachstack(Client *c);
 149static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 150static void drawbar(void);
 151static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 152static void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 153static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 154static void expose(XEvent *e);
 155static void focus(Client *c);
 156static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 157static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 158static Client *getclient(Window w);
 159static ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 160static long getstate(Window w);
 161static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 162static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 163static void grabkeys(void);
 164static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 165static Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 166static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 167static Bool isurgent(uint t);
 168static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 169static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 170static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 171static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 173static void monocle(void);
 174static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 175static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 176static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 177static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 178static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 179static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 180static void restack(void);
 181static void run(void);
 182static void scan(void);
 183static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 184static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 185static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 186static void setup(void);
 187static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 188static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 189static int textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 190static void tile(void);
 191static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 192static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 193static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 194static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 195static void unmanage(Client *c);
 196static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 197static void updatebar(void);
 198static void updategeom(void);
 199static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 200static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 201static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 202static void view(const Arg *arg);
 203static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 206static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 207
 208/* variables */
 209static char stext[256];
 210static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 211static int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 212static uint seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 213static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 214static uint numlockmask = 0;
 215static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 216	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 217	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 218	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 219	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 220	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 221	[Expose] = expose,
 222	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 223	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 224	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 225	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 226	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 227	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 228};
 229static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 230static Bool otherwm, readin;
 231static Bool running = True;
 232static uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 233static Client *clients = NULL;
 234static Client *sel = NULL;
 235static Client *stack = NULL;
 236static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 237static Display *dpy;
 238static DC dc = {0};
 239static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 240static Window root, barwin;
 241/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 242#include "config.h"
 243
 244/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 245struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 246
 247/* function implementations */
 248void
 249applyrules(Client *c) {
 250	uint i;
 251	Rule *r;
 252	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 253
 254	/* rule matching */
 255	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 256	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 257		r = &rules[i];
 258		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 259		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 260		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 261			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 262			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 263		}
 264	}
 265	if(ch.res_class)
 266		XFree(ch.res_class);
 267	if(ch.res_name)
 268		XFree(ch.res_name);
 269	if(!c->tags)
 270		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 271}
 272
 273void
 274arrange(void) {
 275	Client *c;
 276
 277	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 278		if(ISVISIBLE(c)) {
 279			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
 280			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 281				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 282		}
 283		else {
 284			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 285		}
 286
 287	focus(NULL);
 288	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 289		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 290	restack();
 291}
 292
 293void
 294attach(Client *c) {
 295	c->next = clients;
 296	clients = c;
 297}
 298
 299void
 300attachstack(Client *c) {
 301	c->snext = stack;
 302	stack = c;
 303}
 304
 305void
 306buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 307	uint i, x, click;
 308	Arg arg = {0};
 309	Client *c;
 310	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 311
 312	click = ClkRootWin;
 313	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 314		i = x = 0;
 315		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 316		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 317			click = ClkTagBar;
 318			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 319		}
 320		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 321			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 322		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 323			click = ClkStatusText;
 324		else
 325			click = ClkWinTitle;
 326	}
 327	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 328		focus(c);
 329		click = ClkClientWin;
 330	}
 331
 332	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 333		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 334		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 335			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 336}
 337
 338void
 339checkotherwm(void) {
 340	otherwm = False;
 341	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 342
 343	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 344	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 345	XSync(dpy, False);
 346	if(otherwm)
 347		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 348	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 349	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 350	XSync(dpy, False);
 351}
 352
 353void
 354cleanup(void) {
 355	Arg a = {.i = ~0};
 356	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 357
 358	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 359	view(&a);
 360	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 361	while(stack)
 362		unmanage(stack);
 363	if(dc.font.set)
 364		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 365	else
 366		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 367	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 368	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 369	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 370	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 371	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 372	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 373	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 374	XSync(dpy, False);
 375	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 376}
 377
 378void
 379clearurgent(void) {
 380	XWMHints *wmh;
 381	Client *c;
 382
 383	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 384		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && c->isurgent) {
 385			c->isurgent = False;
 386			if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 387				continue;
 388
 389			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 390			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 391			XFree(wmh);
 392		}
 393}
 394
 395void
 396configure(Client *c) {
 397	XConfigureEvent ce;
 398
 399	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 400	ce.display = dpy;
 401	ce.event = c->win;
 402	ce.window = c->win;
 403	ce.x = c->x;
 404	ce.y = c->y;
 405	ce.width = c->w;
 406	ce.height = c->h;
 407	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 408	ce.above = None;
 409	ce.override_redirect = False;
 410	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 411}
 412
 413void
 414configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 415	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 416
 417	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 418		sw = ev->width;
 419		sh = ev->height;
 420		updategeom();
 421		updatebar();
 422		arrange();
 423	}
 424}
 425
 426void
 427configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 428	Client *c;
 429	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 430	XWindowChanges wc;
 431
 432	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 433		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 434			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 435		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 436			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 437				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 438			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 439				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 440			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 441				c->w = ev->width;
 442			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 443				c->h = ev->height;
 444			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 445				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 446			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 447				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 448			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 449				configure(c);
 450			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 451				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 452		}
 453		else
 454			configure(c);
 455	}
 456	else {
 457		wc.x = ev->x;
 458		wc.y = ev->y;
 459		wc.width = ev->width;
 460		wc.height = ev->height;
 461		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 462		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 463		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 464		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 465	}
 466	XSync(dpy, False);
 467}
 468
 469void
 470destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 471	Client *c;
 472	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 473
 474	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 475		unmanage(c);
 476}
 477
 478void
 479detach(Client *c) {
 480	Client **tc;
 481
 482	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 483	*tc = c->next;
 484}
 485
 486void
 487detachstack(Client *c) {
 488	Client **tc;
 489
 490	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 491	*tc = c->snext;
 492}
 493
 494void
 495die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 496	va_list ap;
 497
 498	va_start(ap, errstr);
 499	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 500	va_end(ap);
 501	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 502}
 503
 504void
 505drawbar(void) {
 506	int i, x;
 507
 508	dc.x = 0;
 509	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 510		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 511		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 512			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 513			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 514		}
 515		else {
 516			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 517			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 518		}
 519		dc.x += dc.w;
 520	}
 521	if(blw > 0) {
 522		dc.w = blw;
 523		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 524		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 525	}
 526	else
 527		x = dc.x;
 528	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 529	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 530	if(dc.x < x) {
 531		dc.x = x;
 532		dc.w = ww - x;
 533	}
 534	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 535	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 536		dc.x = x;
 537		if(sel) {
 538			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 539			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 540		}
 541		else
 542			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 543	}
 544	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 545	XSync(dpy, False);
 546}
 547
 548void
 549drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 550	int x;
 551	XGCValues gcv;
 552	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 553
 554	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 555	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 556	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 557	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 558	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 559	if(filled) {
 560		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 561		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 562	}
 563	else if(empty) {
 564		r.width = r.height = x;
 565		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 566	}
 567}
 568
 569void
 570drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 571	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 572	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 573	char buf[256];
 574
 575	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 576	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 577	if(!text)
 578		return;
 579	olen = strlen(text);
 580	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 581	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 582	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 583	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 584	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 585	/* shorten text if necessary */
 586	for(; len && (i = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 587	if(!len)
 588		return;
 589	if(len < olen)
 590		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 591	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 592	if(dc.font.set)
 593		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 594	else
 595		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 596}
 597
 598void
 599enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 600	Client *c;
 601	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 602
 603	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 604		return;
 605	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 606		focus(c);
 607	else
 608		focus(NULL);
 609}
 610
 611void
 612expose(XEvent *e) {
 613	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 614
 615	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 616		drawbar();
 617}
 618
 619void
 620focus(Client *c) {
 621	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 622		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 623	if(sel && sel != c) {
 624		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 625		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 626	}
 627	if(c) {
 628		detachstack(c);
 629		attachstack(c);
 630		grabbuttons(c, True);
 631		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 632		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 633	}
 634	else
 635		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 636	sel = c;
 637	drawbar();
 638}
 639
 640void
 641focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 642	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 643
 644	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 645		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 646}
 647
 648void
 649focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 650	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 651
 652	if(!sel)
 653		return;
 654	if (arg->i > 0) {
 655		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 656		if(!c)
 657			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 658	}
 659	else {
 660		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 661			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 662				c = i;
 663		if(!c)
 664			for(; i; i = i->next)
 665				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 666					c = i;
 667	}
 668	if(c) {
 669		focus(c);
 670		restack();
 671	}
 672}
 673
 674Client *
 675getclient(Window w) {
 676	Client *c;
 677
 678	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 679	return c;
 680}
 681
 682ulong
 683getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 684	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 685	XColor color;
 686
 687	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 688		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 689	return color.pixel;
 690}
 691
 692long
 693getstate(Window w) {
 694	int format, status;
 695	long result = -1;
 696	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 697	ulong n, extra;
 698	Atom real;
 699
 700	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 701			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 702	if(status != Success)
 703		return -1;
 704	if(n != 0)
 705		result = *p;
 706	XFree(p);
 707	return result;
 708}
 709
 710Bool
 711gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 712	char **list = NULL;
 713	int n;
 714	XTextProperty name;
 715
 716	if(!text || size == 0)
 717		return False;
 718	text[0] = '\0';
 719	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 720	if(!name.nitems)
 721		return False;
 722	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 723		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 724	else {
 725		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 726		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 727			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 728			XFreeStringList(list);
 729		}
 730	}
 731	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 732	XFree(name.value);
 733	return True;
 734}
 735
 736void
 737grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 738	uint i, j;
 739	uint modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 740
 741	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 742	if(focused) {
 743		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 744			if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 745				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 746					XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 747        } else
 748		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 749		            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 750}
 751
 752void
 753grabkeys(void) {
 754	uint i, j;
 755	KeyCode code;
 756	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 757
 758	/* init modifier map */
 759	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 760	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 761		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 762			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 763				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 764		}
 765	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 766
 767	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 768	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 769		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 770		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 771				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 772		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 773				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 774		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 775				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 776		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 777				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 778	}
 779}
 780
 781void
 782initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 783	char *def, **missing;
 784	int i, n;
 785
 786	missing = NULL;
 787	if(dc.font.set)
 788		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 789	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 790	if(missing) {
 791		while(n--)
 792			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 793		XFreeStringList(missing);
 794	}
 795	if(dc.font.set) {
 796		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 797		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 798		char **font_names;
 799		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 800		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 801		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 802		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 803			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 804			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 805			xfonts++;
 806		}
 807	}
 808	else {
 809		if(dc.font.xfont)
 810			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 811		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 812		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 813		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 814			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 815		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 816		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 817	}
 818	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 819}
 820
 821Bool
 822isoccupied(uint t) {
 823	Client *c;
 824
 825	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 826		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 827			return True;
 828	return False;
 829}
 830
 831Bool
 832isprotodel(Client *c) {
 833	int i, n;
 834	Atom *protocols;
 835	Bool ret = False;
 836
 837	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 838		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 839			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 840				ret = True;
 841		XFree(protocols);
 842	}
 843	return ret;
 844}
 845
 846Bool
 847isurgent(uint t) {
 848	Client *c;
 849
 850	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 851		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 852			return True;
 853	return False;
 854}
 855
 856void
 857keypress(XEvent *e) {
 858	uint i;
 859	KeySym keysym;
 860	XKeyEvent *ev;
 861
 862	ev = &e->xkey;
 863	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 864	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 865		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 866		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 867		   && keys[i].func)
 868			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 869}
 870
 871void
 872killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 873	XEvent ev;
 874
 875	if(!sel)
 876		return;
 877	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 878		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 879		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 880		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 881		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 882		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 883		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 884		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 885	}
 886	else
 887		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 888}
 889
 890void
 891manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 892	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 893	Status rettrans;
 894	Window trans;
 895	XWindowChanges wc;
 896
 897	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 898		die("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 899	c->win = w;
 900
 901	/* geometry */
 902	c->x = wa->x;
 903	c->y = wa->y;
 904	c->w = wa->width;
 905	c->h = wa->height;
 906	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 907	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 908		c->x = sx;
 909		c->y = sy;
 910		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 911	}
 912	else {
 913		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 914			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 915		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 916			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 917		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 918		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 919		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 920		c->bw = borderpx;
 921	}
 922
 923	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 924	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 925	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 926	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 927	updatesizehints(c);
 928	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 929	grabbuttons(c, False);
 930	updatetitle(c);
 931	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 932		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 933	if(t)
 934		c->tags = t->tags;
 935	else
 936		applyrules(c);
 937	if(!c->isfloating)
 938		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 939	if(c->isfloating)
 940		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 941	attach(c);
 942	attachstack(c);
 943	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 944	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 945	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 946	arrange();
 947}
 948
 949void
 950mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 951	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 952
 953	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 954	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 955		grabkeys();
 956}
 957
 958void
 959maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 960	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 961	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 962
 963	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 964		return;
 965	if(wa.override_redirect)
 966		return;
 967	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 968		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 969}
 970
 971void
 972monocle(void) {
 973	Client *c;
 974
 975	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 976		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 977}
 978
 979void
 980movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 981	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 982	uint dui;
 983	Client *c;
 984	Window dummy;
 985	XEvent ev;
 986
 987	if(!(c = sel))
 988		return;
 989	restack();
 990	ocx = nx = c->x;
 991	ocy = ny = c->y;
 992	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 993	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 994		return;
 995	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 996	for(;;) {
 997		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 998		switch (ev.type) {
 999		case ButtonRelease:
1000			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1001			return;
1002		case ConfigureRequest:
1003		case Expose:
1004		case MapRequest:
1005			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1006			break;
1007		case MotionNotify:
1008			XSync(dpy, False);
1009			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1010			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1011			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1012			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1013				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1014					nx = wx;
1015				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1016					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1017				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1018					ny = wy;
1019				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1020					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1021				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1022					togglefloating(NULL);
1023			}
1024			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1025				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1026			break;
1027		}
1028	}
1029}
1030
1031Client *
1032nexttiled(Client *c) {
1033	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1034	return c;
1035}
1036
1037void
1038propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1039	Client *c;
1040	Window trans;
1041	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1042
1043	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1044		return; /* ignore */
1045	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1046		switch (ev->atom) {
1047		default: break;
1048		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1049			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1050			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1051				arrange();
1052			break;
1053		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1054			updatesizehints(c);
1055			break;
1056		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1057			updatewmhints(c);
1058			drawbar();
1059			break;
1060		}
1061		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1062			updatetitle(c);
1063			if(c == sel)
1064				drawbar();
1065		}
1066	}
1067}
1068
1069void
1070quit(const Arg *arg) {
1071	readin = running = False;
1072}
1073
1074void
1075resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1076	XWindowChanges wc;
1077
1078	if(sizehints) {
1079		/* set minimum possible */
1080		w = MAX(1, w);
1081		h = MAX(1, h);
1082
1083		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1084		w -= c->basew;
1085		h -= c->baseh;
1086
1087		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1088		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1089			if(c->maxa < (float) w/h)
1090				w = h * c->maxa;
1091			else if(c->mina > (float) h/w)
1092				h = w * c->mina;
1093		}
1094
1095		/* adjust for increment value */
1096		if(c->incw)
1097			w -= w % c->incw;
1098		if(c->inch)
1099			h -= h % c->inch;
1100
1101		/* restore base dimensions */
1102		w += c->basew;
1103		h += c->baseh;
1104
1105		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1106		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1107
1108		if(c->maxw)
1109			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1110
1111		if(c->maxh)
1112			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1113	}
1114	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1115		return;
1116	if(x > sx + sw)
1117		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1118	if(y > sy + sh)
1119		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1120	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1121		x = sx;
1122	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1123		y = sy;
1124	if(h < bh)
1125		h = bh;
1126	if(w < bh)
1127		w = bh;
1128	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1129		c->x = wc.x = x;
1130		c->y = wc.y = y;
1131		c->w = wc.width = w;
1132		c->h = wc.height = h;
1133		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1134		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1135				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1136		configure(c);
1137		XSync(dpy, False);
1138	}
1139}
1140
1141void
1142resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1143	int ocx, ocy;
1144	int nw, nh;
1145	Client *c;
1146	XEvent ev;
1147
1148	if(!(c = sel))
1149		return;
1150	restack();
1151	ocx = c->x;
1152	ocy = c->y;
1153	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1154	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1155		return;
1156	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1157	for(;;) {
1158		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1159		switch(ev.type) {
1160		case ButtonRelease:
1161			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1162					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1163			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1164			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1165			return;
1166		case ConfigureRequest:
1167		case Expose:
1168		case MapRequest:
1169			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1170			break;
1171		case MotionNotify:
1172			XSync(dpy, False);
1173			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1174			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1175
1176			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1177			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1178				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1179				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1180					togglefloating(NULL);
1181			}
1182			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1183				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1184			break;
1185		}
1186	}
1187}
1188
1189void
1190restack(void) {
1191	Client *c;
1192	XEvent ev;
1193	XWindowChanges wc;
1194
1195	drawbar();
1196	if(!sel)
1197		return;
1198	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1199		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1200	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1201		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1202		wc.sibling = barwin;
1203		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1204			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1205				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1206				wc.sibling = c->win;
1207			}
1208	}
1209	XSync(dpy, False);
1210	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1211}
1212
1213void
1214run(void) {
1215	char *p;
1216	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1217	fd_set rd;
1218	int r, xfd;
1219	uint len, offset;
1220	XEvent ev;
1221
1222	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1223	XSync(dpy, False);
1224	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1225	readin = True;
1226	offset = 0;
1227	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1228	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1229	while(running) {
1230		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1231		if(readin)
1232			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1233		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1234		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1235			if(errno == EINTR)
1236				continue;
1237			die("select failed\n");
1238		}
1239		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1240			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1241			case -1:
1242				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1243				readin = False;
1244				break;
1245			case 0:
1246				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1247				readin = False;
1248				break;
1249			default:
1250				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1251					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1252						*p = '\0';
1253						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1254						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1255						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1256						offset = r;
1257						if(r)
1258							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1259						break;
1260					}
1261				break;
1262			}
1263			drawbar();
1264		}
1265		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1266			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1267			if(handler[ev.type])
1268				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1269		}
1270	}
1271}
1272
1273void
1274scan(void) {
1275	uint i, num;
1276	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1277	XWindowAttributes wa;
1278
1279	wins = NULL;
1280	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1281		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1282			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1283			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1284				continue;
1285			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1286				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1287		}
1288		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1289			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1290				continue;
1291			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1292			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1293				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1294		}
1295	}
1296	if(wins)
1297		XFree(wins);
1298}
1299
1300void
1301setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1302	long data[] = {state, None};
1303
1304	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1305			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1306}
1307
1308void
1309setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1310	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1311		sellt ^= 1;
1312	if(arg && arg->v)
1313		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1314	if(sel)
1315		arrange();
1316	else
1317		drawbar();
1318}
1319
1320/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1321void
1322setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1323	float f;
1324
1325	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1326		return;
1327	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1328	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1329		return;
1330	mfact = f;
1331	arrange();
1332}
1333
1334void
1335setup(void) {
1336	uint i;
1337	int w;
1338	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1339
1340	/* init screen */
1341	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1342	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1343	initfont(font);
1344	sx = 0;
1345	sy = 0;
1346	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1347	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1348	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1349	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1350	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1351	updategeom();
1352
1353	/* init atoms */
1354	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1355	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1356	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1357	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1358	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1359	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1360
1361	/* init cursors */
1362	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1363	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1364	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1365
1366	/* init appearance */
1367	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1368	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1369	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1370	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1371	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1372	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1373	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1374	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1375	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1376	if(!dc.font.set)
1377		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1378
1379	/* init bar */
1380	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1381		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1382		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1383	}
1384
1385	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1386	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1387	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1388
1389	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1390			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1391			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1392	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1393	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1394	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1395	drawbar();
1396
1397	/* EWMH support per view */
1398	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1399			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1400
1401	/* select for events */
1402	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1403			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1404	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1405	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1406
1407
1408	/* grab keys */
1409	grabkeys();
1410}
1411
1412void
1413spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1414	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1415	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1416	if(fork() == 0) {
1417		if(fork() == 0) {
1418			if(dpy)
1419				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1420			setsid();
1421			execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1422			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1423			perror(" failed");
1424		}
1425		exit(0);
1426	}
1427	wait(0);
1428}
1429
1430void
1431tag(const Arg *arg) {
1432	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1433		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1434		arrange();
1435	}
1436}
1437
1438int
1439textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1440	XRectangle r;
1441
1442	if(dc.font.set) {
1443		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1444		return r.width;
1445	}
1446	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1447}
1448
1449void
1450tile(void) {
1451	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1452	uint i, n;
1453	Client *c;
1454
1455	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1456	if(n == 0)
1457		return;
1458
1459	/* master */
1460	c = nexttiled(clients);
1461	mw = mfact * ww;
1462	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1463
1464	if(--n == 0)
1465		return;
1466
1467	/* tile stack */
1468	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1469	y = wy;
1470	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1471	h = wh / n;
1472	if(h < bh)
1473		h = wh;
1474
1475	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1476		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1477		       ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1478		if(h != wh)
1479			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1480	}
1481}
1482
1483void
1484togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1485	showbar = !showbar;
1486	updategeom();
1487	updatebar();
1488	arrange();
1489}
1490
1491void
1492togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1493	if(!sel)
1494		return;
1495	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1496	if(sel->isfloating)
1497		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1498	arrange();
1499}
1500
1501void
1502toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1503	uint mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1504
1505	if(sel && mask) {
1506		sel->tags = mask;
1507		arrange();
1508	}
1509}
1510
1511void
1512toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1513	uint mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1514
1515	if(mask) {
1516		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1517		clearurgent();
1518		arrange();
1519	}
1520}
1521
1522void
1523unmanage(Client *c) {
1524	XWindowChanges wc;
1525
1526	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1527	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1528	XGrabServer(dpy);
1529	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1530	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1531	detach(c);
1532	detachstack(c);
1533	if(sel == c)
1534		focus(NULL);
1535	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1536	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1537	free(c);
1538	XSync(dpy, False);
1539	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1540	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1541	arrange();
1542}
1543
1544void
1545unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1546	Client *c;
1547	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1548
1549	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1550		unmanage(c);
1551}
1552
1553void
1554updatebar(void) {
1555	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1556		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1557	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1558	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1559}
1560
1561void
1562updategeom(void) {
1563#ifdef XINERAMA
1564	int i;
1565	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1566
1567	/* window area geometry */
1568	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1569		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1570		wx = info[xidx].x_org;
1571		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[xidx].y_org + bh : info[xidx].y_org;
1572		ww = info[xidx].width;
1573		wh = showbar ? info[xidx].height - bh : info[xidx].height;
1574		XFree(info);
1575	}
1576	else
1577#endif
1578	{
1579		wx = sx;
1580		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1581		ww = sw;
1582		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1583	}
1584
1585	/* bar position */
1586	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1587}
1588
1589void
1590updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1591	long msize;
1592	XSizeHints size;
1593
1594	XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize);
1595	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1596		c->basew = size.base_width;
1597		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1598	}
1599	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1600		c->basew = size.min_width;
1601		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1602	}
1603	else
1604		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1605	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1606		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1607		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1608	}
1609	else
1610		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1611	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1612		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1613		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1614	}
1615	else
1616		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1617	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1618		c->minw = size.min_width;
1619		c->minh = size.min_height;
1620	}
1621	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1622		c->minw = size.base_width;
1623		c->minh = size.base_height;
1624	}
1625	else
1626		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1627	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1628		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1629		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1630	}
1631	else
1632		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1633	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1634			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1635}
1636
1637void
1638updatetitle(Client *c) {
1639	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1640		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1641}
1642
1643void
1644updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1645	XWMHints *wmh;
1646
1647	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1648		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1649			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1650			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1651		}
1652		else
1653			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1654
1655		XFree(wmh);
1656	}
1657}
1658
1659void
1660view(const Arg *arg) {
1661	if(arg && (arg->i & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1662		return;
1663	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1664	if(arg && (arg->ui & TAGMASK))
1665		tagset[seltags] = arg->i & TAGMASK;
1666	clearurgent();
1667	arrange();
1668}
1669
1670/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1671 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1672 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1673int
1674xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1675	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1676	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1677	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1678	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1679	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1680	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1681	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1682	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1683	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1684		return 0;
1685	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1686			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1687	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1688}
1689
1690int
1691xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1692	return 0;
1693}
1694
1695/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1696 * is already running. */
1697int
1698xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1699	otherwm = True;
1700	return -1;
1701}
1702
1703void
1704zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1705	Client *c = sel;
1706
1707	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1708		return;
1709	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1710		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1711			return;
1712	detach(c);
1713	attach(c);
1714	focus(c);
1715	arrange();
1716}
1717
1718int
1719main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1720	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1721		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1722	else if(argc != 1)
1723		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1724
1725	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1726		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1727
1728	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1729		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1730
1731	checkotherwm();
1732	setup();
1733	scan();
1734	run();
1735	cleanup();
1736
1737	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1738	return 0;
1739}