1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.  For each client dwm
  21 * creates a small title window, which is resized whenever the (_NET_)WM_NAME
  22 * properties are updated or the client is moved/resized.
  23 *
  24 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  25 *
  26 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  27 */
  28#include <errno.h>
  29#include <locale.h>
  30#include <stdarg.h>
  31#include <stdio.h>
  32#include <stdlib.h>
  33#include <string.h>
  34#include <unistd.h>
  35#include <sys/select.h>
  36#include <sys/types.h>
  37#include <sys/wait.h>
  38#include <regex.h>
  39#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  40#include <X11/keysym.h>
  41#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  42#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  43#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  44#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
  48#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
  49#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
  50
  51/* enums */
  52enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags;
  67	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101} Layout;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *prop;
 105	const char *tags;
 106	Bool isfloating;
 107} Rule;
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	regex_t *propregex;
 111	regex_t *tagregex;
 112} Regs;
 113
 114/* function declarations */
 115void applyrules(Client *c);
 116void arrange(void);
 117void attach(Client *c);
 118void attachstack(Client *c);
 119void ban(Client *c);
 120void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 121void checkotherwm(void);
 122void cleanup(void);
 123void compileregs(void);
 124void configure(Client *c);
 125void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 126void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 127void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 128void detach(Client *c);
 129void detachstack(Client *c);
 130void drawbar(void);
 131void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 132void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 133void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 134void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 135void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 136void expose(XEvent *e);
 137void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusnext(const char *arg);
 140void focusprev(const char *arg);
 141Client *getclient(Window w);
 142unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 143long getstate(Window w);
 144Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 145void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 146unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
 147void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 148Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
 149Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const char *arg);
 154void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
 155void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 156void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 157void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 158void movemouse(Client *c);
 159Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 160void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 161void quit(const char *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setlayout(const char *arg);
 169void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 170void setup(void);
 171void spawn(const char *arg);
 172void tag(const char *arg);
 173unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 174unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 175void tile(void);
 176void togglebar(const char *arg);
 177void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 178void togglemax(const char *arg);
 179void toggletag(const char *arg);
 180void toggleview(const char *arg);
 181void unban(Client *c);
 182void unmanage(Client *c);
 183void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 184void updatebarpos(void);
 185void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 186void updatetitle(Client *c);
 187void view(const char *arg);
 188void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 189int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 192void zoom(const char *arg);
 193
 194/* variables */
 195char stext[256];
 196double mwfact;
 197int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
 198int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 199unsigned int bh, bpos;
 200unsigned int blw = 0;
 201unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
 202unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
 203unsigned int nrules = 0;
 204unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 205void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 206	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 207	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 208	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 209	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 210	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 211	[LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 212	[Expose] = expose,
 213	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 214	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 215	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 216	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 217	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 218};
 219Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 220Bool otherwm, readin;
 221Bool running = True;
 222Bool selscreen = True;
 223Client *clients = NULL;
 224Client *sel = NULL;
 225Client *stack = NULL;
 226Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227Display *dpy;
 228DC dc = {0};
 229Window barwin, root;
 230Regs *regs = NULL;
 231
 232/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 233#include "config.h"
 234
 235/* function implementations */
 236void
 237applyrules(Client *c) {
 238	static char buf[512];
 239	unsigned int i, j;
 240	regmatch_t tmp;
 241	Bool matched = False;
 242	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 243
 244	/* rule matching */
 245	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 246	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
 247			ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
 248			ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
 249	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
 250		if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 251			c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
 252			for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < NTAGS; j++) {
 253				if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 254					matched = True;
 255					c->tags[j] = True;
 256				}
 257			}
 258		}
 259	if(ch.res_class)
 260		XFree(ch.res_class);
 261	if(ch.res_name)
 262		XFree(ch.res_name);
 263	if(!matched)
 264		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
 265}
 266
 267void
 268arrange(void) {
 269	Client *c;
 270
 271	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 272		if(isvisible(c))
 273			unban(c);
 274		else
 275			ban(c);
 276	layouts[ltidx].arrange();
 277	focus(NULL);
 278	restack();
 279}
 280
 281void
 282attach(Client *c) {
 283	if(clients)
 284		clients->prev = c;
 285	c->next = clients;
 286	clients = c;
 287}
 288
 289void
 290attachstack(Client *c) {
 291	c->snext = stack;
 292	stack = c;
 293}
 294
 295void
 296ban(Client *c) {
 297	if(c->isbanned)
 298		return;
 299	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 300	c->isbanned = True;
 301}
 302
 303void
 304buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 305	unsigned int i, x;
 306	Client *c;
 307	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 308
 309	if(barwin == ev->window) {
 310		x = 0;
 311		for(i = 0; i < NTAGS; i++) {
 312			x += textw(tags[i]);
 313			if(ev->x < x) {
 314				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 315					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 316						tag(tags[i]);
 317					else
 318						view(tags[i]);
 319				}
 320				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 321					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 322						toggletag(tags[i]);
 323					else
 324						toggleview(tags[i]);
 325				}
 326				return;
 327			}
 328		}
 329		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 330			setlayout(NULL);
 331	}
 332	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 333		focus(c);
 334		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 335			return;
 336		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 337			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 338				restack();
 339			else
 340				togglefloating(NULL);
 341			movemouse(c);
 342		}
 343		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 344			if((ISTILE) && !c->isfixed && c->isfloating)
 345				togglefloating(NULL);
 346			else
 347				zoom(NULL);
 348		}
 349		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 350			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 351				restack();
 352			else
 353				togglefloating(NULL);
 354			resizemouse(c);
 355		}
 356	}
 357}
 358
 359void
 360checkotherwm(void) {
 361	otherwm = False;
 362	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 363
 364	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 365	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
 366	XSync(dpy, False);
 367	if(otherwm)
 368		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 369	XSync(dpy, False);
 370	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 371	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 372	XSync(dpy, False);
 373}
 374
 375void
 376cleanup(void) {
 377	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 378	while(stack) {
 379		unban(stack);
 380		unmanage(stack);
 381	}
 382	if(dc.font.set)
 383		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 384	else
 385		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 386	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 387	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 388	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 389	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 390	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 391	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 392	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 393	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 394	XSync(dpy, False);
 395}
 396
 397void
 398compileregs(void) {
 399	unsigned int i;
 400	regex_t *reg;
 401
 402	if(regs)
 403		return;
 404	nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
 405	regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
 406	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
 407		if(rules[i].prop) {
 408			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 409			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
 410				free(reg);
 411			else
 412				regs[i].propregex = reg;
 413		}
 414		if(rules[i].tags) {
 415			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 416			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
 417				free(reg);
 418			else
 419				regs[i].tagregex = reg;
 420		}
 421	}
 422}
 423
 424void
 425configure(Client *c) {
 426	XConfigureEvent ce;
 427
 428	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 429	ce.display = dpy;
 430	ce.event = c->win;
 431	ce.window = c->win;
 432	ce.x = c->x;
 433	ce.y = c->y;
 434	ce.width = c->w;
 435	ce.height = c->h;
 436	ce.border_width = c->border;
 437	ce.above = None;
 438	ce.override_redirect = False;
 439	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 440}
 441
 442void
 443configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 444	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 445
 446	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 447		sw = ev->width;
 448		sh = ev->height;
 449		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 450		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 451		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 452		updatebarpos();
 453		arrange();
 454	}
 455}
 456
 457void
 458configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 459	Client *c;
 460	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 461	XWindowChanges wc;
 462
 463	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 464		c->ismax = False;
 465		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 466			c->border = ev->border_width;
 467		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isarrange(floating)) {
 468			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 469				c->x = ev->x;
 470			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 471				c->y = ev->y;
 472			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 473				c->w = ev->width;
 474			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 475				c->h = ev->height;
 476			if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 477				c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
 478			if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 479				c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
 480			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
 481			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
 482				configure(c);
 483			if(isvisible(c))
 484				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 485		}
 486		else
 487			configure(c);
 488	}
 489	else {
 490		wc.x = ev->x;
 491		wc.y = ev->y;
 492		wc.width = ev->width;
 493		wc.height = ev->height;
 494		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 495		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 496		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 497		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 498	}
 499	XSync(dpy, False);
 500}
 501
 502void
 503destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 504	Client *c;
 505	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 506
 507	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 508		unmanage(c);
 509}
 510
 511void
 512detach(Client *c) {
 513	if(c->prev)
 514		c->prev->next = c->next;
 515	if(c->next)
 516		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 517	if(c == clients)
 518		clients = c->next;
 519	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 520}
 521
 522void
 523detachstack(Client *c) {
 524	Client **tc;
 525
 526	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 527	*tc = c->snext;
 528}
 529
 530void
 531drawbar(void) {
 532	int i, x;
 533
 534	dc.x = dc.y = 0;
 535	for(i = 0; i < NTAGS; i++) {
 536		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 537		if(seltags[i]) {
 538			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
 539			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
 540		}
 541		else {
 542			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
 543			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
 544		}
 545		dc.x += dc.w;
 546	}
 547	dc.w = blw;
 548	drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
 549	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 550	dc.w = textw(stext);
 551	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 552	if(dc.x < x) {
 553		dc.x = x;
 554		dc.w = sw - x;
 555	}
 556	drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
 557	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 558		dc.x = x;
 559		if(sel) {
 560			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
 561			drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
 562		}
 563		else
 564			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
 565	}
 566	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 567	XSync(dpy, False);
 568}
 569
 570void
 571drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 572	int x;
 573	XGCValues gcv;
 574	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 575
 576	gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
 577	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 578	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 579	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 580	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 581	if(filled) {
 582		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 583		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 584	}
 585	else if(empty) {
 586		r.width = r.height = x;
 587		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 588	}
 589}
 590
 591void
 592drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 593	int x, y, w, h;
 594	static char buf[256];
 595	unsigned int len, olen;
 596	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 597
 598	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
 599	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 600	if(!text)
 601		return;
 602	w = 0;
 603	olen = len = strlen(text);
 604	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 605		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 606	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 607	buf[len] = 0;
 608	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 609	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 610	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 611	/* shorten text if necessary */
 612	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 613		buf[--len] = 0;
 614	if(len < olen) {
 615		if(len > 1)
 616			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 617		if(len > 2)
 618			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 619		if(len > 3)
 620			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 621	}
 622	if(w > dc.w)
 623		return; /* too long */
 624	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
 625	if(dc.font.set)
 626		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 627	else
 628		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 629}
 630
 631void *
 632emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 633	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 634
 635	if(!res)
 636		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 637	return res;
 638}
 639
 640void
 641enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 642	Client *c;
 643	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 644
 645	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
 646		return;
 647	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 648		focus(c);
 649	else if(ev->window == root) {
 650		selscreen = True;
 651		focus(NULL);
 652	}
 653}
 654
 655void
 656eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 657	va_list ap;
 658
 659	va_start(ap, errstr);
 660	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 661	va_end(ap);
 662	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 663}
 664
 665void
 666expose(XEvent *e) {
 667	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 668
 669	if(ev->count == 0) {
 670		if(barwin == ev->window)
 671			drawbar();
 672	}
 673}
 674
 675void
 676floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 677	Client *c;
 678
 679	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 680		if(isvisible(c))
 681			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 682}
 683
 684void
 685focus(Client *c) {
 686	if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 687		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 688	if(sel && sel != c) {
 689		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 690		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 691	}
 692	if(c) {
 693		detachstack(c);
 694		attachstack(c);
 695		grabbuttons(c, True);
 696	}
 697	sel = c;
 698	drawbar();
 699	if(!selscreen)
 700		return;
 701	if(c) {
 702		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 703		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 704	}
 705	else
 706		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 707}
 708
 709void
 710focusnext(const char *arg) {
 711	Client *c;
 712
 713	if(!sel)
 714		return;
 715	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 716	if(!c)
 717		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 718	if(c) {
 719		focus(c);
 720		restack();
 721	}
 722}
 723
 724void
 725focusprev(const char *arg) {
 726	Client *c;
 727
 728	if(!sel)
 729		return;
 730	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 731	if(!c) {
 732		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 733		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 734	}
 735	if(c) {
 736		focus(c);
 737		restack();
 738	}
 739}
 740
 741Client *
 742getclient(Window w) {
 743	Client *c;
 744
 745	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 746	return c;
 747}
 748
 749unsigned long
 750getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 751	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 752	XColor color;
 753
 754	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 755		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 756	return color.pixel;
 757}
 758
 759long
 760getstate(Window w) {
 761	int format, status;
 762	long result = -1;
 763	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 764	unsigned long n, extra;
 765	Atom real;
 766
 767	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 768			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 769	if(status != Success)
 770		return -1;
 771	if(n != 0)
 772		result = *p;
 773	XFree(p);
 774	return result;
 775}
 776
 777Bool
 778gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 779	char **list = NULL;
 780	int n;
 781	XTextProperty name;
 782
 783	if(!text || size == 0)
 784		return False;
 785	text[0] = '\0';
 786	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 787	if(!name.nitems)
 788		return False;
 789	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 790		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 791	else {
 792		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 793		&& n > 0 && *list)
 794		{
 795			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 796			XFreeStringList(list);
 797		}
 798	}
 799	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 800	XFree(name.value);
 801	return True;
 802}
 803
 804void
 805grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 806	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 807
 808	if(focused) {
 809		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 810				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 811		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 812				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817
 818		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 819				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 820		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 822		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826
 827		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 828				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 829		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 830				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 831		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 832				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 833		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 834				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 835	}
 836	else
 837		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 838				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 839}
 840
 841unsigned int
 842idxoftag(const char *tag) {
 843	unsigned int i;
 844
 845	for(i = 0; (i < NTAGS) && (tags[i] != tag); i++);
 846	return (i < NTAGS) ? i : 0;
 847}
 848
 849void
 850initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 851	char *def, **missing;
 852	int i, n;
 853
 854	missing = NULL;
 855	if(dc.font.set)
 856		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 857	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 858	if(missing) {
 859		while(n--)
 860			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 861		XFreeStringList(missing);
 862	}
 863	if(dc.font.set) {
 864		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 865		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 866		char **font_names;
 867		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 868		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 869		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 870		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 871			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 872				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 873			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 874				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 875			xfonts++;
 876		}
 877	}
 878	else {
 879		if(dc.font.xfont)
 880			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 881		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 882		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 883		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 884			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 885		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 886		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 887	}
 888	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 889}
 890
 891Bool
 892isarrange(void (*func)())
 893{
 894	return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
 895}
 896
 897Bool
 898isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 899	Client *c;
 900
 901	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 902		if(c->tags[t])
 903			return True;
 904	return False;
 905}
 906
 907Bool
 908isprotodel(Client *c) {
 909	int i, n;
 910	Atom *protocols;
 911	Bool ret = False;
 912
 913	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 914		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 915			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 916				ret = True;
 917		XFree(protocols);
 918	}
 919	return ret;
 920}
 921
 922Bool
 923isvisible(Client *c) {
 924	unsigned int i;
 925
 926	for(i = 0; i < NTAGS; i++)
 927		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 928			return True;
 929	return False;
 930}
 931
 932void
 933keypress(XEvent *e) {
 934	KEYS
 935	unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
 936	unsigned int i;
 937	KeyCode code;
 938	KeySym keysym;
 939	XKeyEvent *ev;
 940
 941	if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
 942		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 943		for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 944			code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 945			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 946					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 947			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
 948					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 949			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
 950					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 951			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
 952					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 953		}
 954		return;
 955	}
 956	ev = &e->xkey;
 957	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 958	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
 959		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 960		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 961		{
 962			if(keys[i].func)
 963				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 964		}
 965}
 966
 967void
 968killclient(const char *arg) {
 969	XEvent ev;
 970
 971	if(!sel)
 972		return;
 973	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 974		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 975		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 976		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 977		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 978		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 979		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 980		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 981	}
 982	else
 983		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 984}
 985
 986void
 987leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
 988	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 989
 990	if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
 991		selscreen = False;
 992		focus(NULL);
 993	}
 994}
 995
 996void
 997manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 998	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 999	Window trans;
1000	Status rettrans;
1001	XWindowChanges wc;
1002
1003	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1004	c->tags = emallocz(sizeof seltags);
1005	c->win = w;
1006	c->x = wa->x;
1007	c->y = wa->y;
1008	c->w = wa->width;
1009	c->h = wa->height;
1010	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1011	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1012		c->x = sx;
1013		c->y = sy;
1014		c->border = wa->border_width;
1015	}
1016	else {
1017		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1018			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1019		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1020			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1021		if(c->x < wax)
1022			c->x = wax;
1023		if(c->y < way)
1024			c->y = way;
1025		c->border = BORDERPX;
1026	}
1027	wc.border_width = c->border;
1028	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1029	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1030	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1031	updatesizehints(c);
1032	XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1033		StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1034	grabbuttons(c, False);
1035	updatetitle(c);
1036	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1037		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1038	if(t)
1039		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof seltags);
1040	applyrules(c);
1041	if(!c->isfloating)
1042		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1043	attach(c);
1044	attachstack(c);
1045	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1046	ban(c);
1047	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1048	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1049	arrange();
1050}
1051
1052void
1053mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1054	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1055
1056	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1057	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1058		keypress(NULL);
1059}
1060
1061void
1062maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1063	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1064	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1065
1066	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1067		return;
1068	if(wa.override_redirect)
1069		return;
1070	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1071		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1072}
1073
1074void
1075movemouse(Client *c) {
1076	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1077	unsigned int dui;
1078	Window dummy;
1079	XEvent ev;
1080
1081	ocx = nx = c->x;
1082	ocy = ny = c->y;
1083	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1084			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1085		return;
1086	c->ismax = False;
1087	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1088	for(;;) {
1089		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1090		switch (ev.type) {
1091		case ButtonRelease:
1092			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1093			return;
1094		case ConfigureRequest:
1095		case Expose:
1096		case MapRequest:
1097			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1098			break;
1099		case MotionNotify:
1100			XSync(dpy, False);
1101			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1102			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1103			if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1104				nx = wax;
1105			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1106				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1107			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1108				ny = way;
1109			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1110				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1111			resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1112			break;
1113		}
1114	}
1115}
1116
1117Client *
1118nexttiled(Client *c) {
1119	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1120	return c;
1121}
1122
1123void
1124propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1125	Client *c;
1126	Window trans;
1127	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1128
1129	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1130		return; /* ignore */
1131	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1132		switch (ev->atom) {
1133			default: break;
1134			case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1135				XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1136				if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (NULL != getclient(trans))))
1137					arrange();
1138				break;
1139			case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1140				updatesizehints(c);
1141				break;
1142		}
1143		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1144			updatetitle(c);
1145			if(c == sel)
1146				drawbar();
1147		}
1148	}
1149}
1150
1151void
1152quit(const char *arg) {
1153	readin = running = False;
1154}
1155
1156void
1157resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1158	XWindowChanges wc;
1159
1160	if(sizehints) {
1161		/* set minimum possible */
1162		if (w < 1)
1163			w = 1;
1164		if (h < 1)
1165			h = 1;
1166
1167		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1168		w -= c->basew;
1169		h -= c->baseh;
1170
1171		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1172		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1173			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1174				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1175			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1176				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1177		}
1178
1179		/* adjust for increment value */
1180		if(c->incw)
1181			w -= w % c->incw;
1182		if(c->inch)
1183			h -= h % c->inch;
1184
1185		/* restore base dimensions */
1186		w += c->basew;
1187		h += c->baseh;
1188
1189		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1190			w = c->minw;
1191		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1192			h = c->minh;
1193		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1194			w = c->maxw;
1195		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1196			h = c->maxh;
1197	}
1198	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1199		return;
1200	/* offscreen appearance fixes */
1201	if(x > sw)
1202		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1203	if(y > sh)
1204		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1205	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1206		x = sx;
1207	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1208		y = sy;
1209	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1210		c->x = wc.x = x;
1211		c->y = wc.y = y;
1212		c->w = wc.width = w;
1213		c->h = wc.height = h;
1214		wc.border_width = c->border;
1215		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1216		configure(c);
1217		XSync(dpy, False);
1218	}
1219}
1220
1221void
1222resizemouse(Client *c) {
1223	int ocx, ocy;
1224	int nw, nh;
1225	XEvent ev;
1226
1227	ocx = c->x;
1228	ocy = c->y;
1229	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1230			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1231		return;
1232	c->ismax = False;
1233	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1234	for(;;) {
1235		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1236		switch(ev.type) {
1237		case ButtonRelease:
1238			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1239					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1240			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1241			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1242			return;
1243		case ConfigureRequest:
1244		case Expose:
1245		case MapRequest:
1246			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1247			break;
1248		case MotionNotify:
1249			XSync(dpy, False);
1250			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1251				nw = 1;
1252			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1253				nh = 1;
1254			resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1255			break;
1256		}
1257	}
1258}
1259
1260void
1261restack(void) {
1262	Client *c;
1263	XEvent ev;
1264	XWindowChanges wc;
1265
1266	drawbar();
1267	if(!sel)
1268		return;
1269	if(sel->isfloating || isarrange(floating))
1270		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1271	if(!isarrange(floating)) {
1272		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1273		wc.sibling = barwin;
1274		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1275			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1276			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1277		}
1278		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1279			if(c == sel)
1280				continue;
1281			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1282			wc.sibling = c->win;
1283		}
1284	}
1285	XSync(dpy, False);
1286	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1287}
1288
1289void
1290run(void) {
1291	char *p;
1292	int r, xfd;
1293	fd_set rd;
1294	XEvent ev;
1295
1296	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1297	XSync(dpy, False);
1298	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1299	readin = True;
1300	while(running) {
1301		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1302		if(readin)
1303			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1304		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1305		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1306			if(errno == EINTR)
1307				continue;
1308			eprint("select failed\n");
1309		}
1310		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1311			switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
1312			case -1:
1313				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
1314				stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
1315				readin = False;
1316				break;
1317			case 0:
1318				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1319				readin = False;
1320				break;
1321			default:
1322				for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
1323				for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
1324				if(p > stext)
1325					strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
1326			}
1327			drawbar();
1328		}
1329		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1330			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1331			if(handler[ev.type])
1332				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1333		}
1334	}
1335}
1336
1337void
1338scan(void) {
1339	unsigned int i, num;
1340	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1341	XWindowAttributes wa;
1342
1343	wins = NULL;
1344	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1345		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1346			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1347			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1348				continue;
1349			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1350				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1351		}
1352		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1353			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1354				continue;
1355			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1356			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1357				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1358		}
1359	}
1360	if(wins)
1361		XFree(wins);
1362}
1363
1364void
1365setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1366	long data[] = {state, None};
1367
1368	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1369			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1370}
1371
1372void
1373setlayout(const char *arg) {
1374	unsigned int i;
1375
1376	if(!arg) {
1377		if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
1378			ltidx = 0;;
1379	}
1380	else {
1381		for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
1382			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1383				break;
1384		if(i == nlayouts)
1385			return;
1386		ltidx = i;
1387	}
1388	if(sel)
1389		arrange();
1390	else
1391		drawbar();
1392}
1393
1394void
1395setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1396	double delta;
1397
1398	if(!(ISTILE))
1399		return;
1400	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1401	if(arg == NULL)
1402		mwfact = MWFACT;
1403	else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
1404		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1405			mwfact += delta;
1406		else
1407			mwfact = delta;
1408		if(mwfact < 0.1)
1409			mwfact = 0.1;
1410		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1411			mwfact = 0.9;
1412	}
1413	arrange();
1414}
1415
1416void
1417setup(void) {
1418	int d;
1419	unsigned int i, j, mask;
1420	Window w;
1421	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1422	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1423
1424	/* init atoms */
1425	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1426	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1427	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1428	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1429	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1430	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1431	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1432			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1433
1434	/* init cursors */
1435	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1436	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1437	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1438
1439	/* init geometry */
1440	sx = sy = 0;
1441	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1442	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1443
1444	/* init modifier map */
1445	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1446	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1447		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1448			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1449			== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1450				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1451		}
1452	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1453
1454	/* select for events */
1455	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1456		| EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1457	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1458	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1459	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1460
1461	/* grab keys */
1462	keypress(NULL);
1463
1464	/* init tags */
1465	compileregs();
1466
1467	/* init appearance */
1468	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1469	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1470	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1471	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1472	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1473	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1474	initfont(FONT);
1475	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1476
1477	/* init layouts */
1478	mwfact = MWFACT;
1479	nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
1480	for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
1481		j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1482		if(j > blw)
1483			blw = j;
1484	}
1485
1486	/* init bar */
1487	bpos = BARPOS;
1488	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1489	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1490	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1491	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1492			DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1493			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1494	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1495	updatebarpos();
1496	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1497	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1498	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1499	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1500	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1501	if(!dc.font.set)
1502		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1503
1504	/* multihead support */
1505	selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1506}
1507
1508void
1509spawn(const char *arg) {
1510	static char *shell = NULL;
1511
1512	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1513		shell = "/bin/sh";
1514	if(!arg)
1515		return;
1516	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1517	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1518	if(fork() == 0) {
1519		if(fork() == 0) {
1520			if(dpy)
1521				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1522			setsid();
1523			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1524			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1525			perror(" failed");
1526		}
1527		exit(0);
1528	}
1529	wait(0);
1530}
1531
1532void
1533tag(const char *arg) {
1534	unsigned int i;
1535
1536	if(!sel)
1537		return;
1538	for(i = 0; i < NTAGS; i++)
1539		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1540	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1541	arrange();
1542}
1543
1544unsigned int
1545textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1546	XRectangle r;
1547
1548	if(dc.font.set) {
1549		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1550		return r.width;
1551	}
1552	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1553}
1554
1555unsigned int
1556textw(const char *text) {
1557	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1558}
1559
1560void
1561tile(void) {
1562	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1563	Client *c, *mc;
1564
1565	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1566		n++;
1567
1568	/* window geoms */
1569	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1570	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1571	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1572		th = wah;
1573
1574	nx = wax;
1575	ny = way;
1576	nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1577	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1578		c->ismax = False;
1579		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1580			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1581			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1582		}
1583		else {  /* tile window */
1584			if(i == 1) {
1585				ny = way;
1586				nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1587				nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1588			}
1589			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1590				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1591			else
1592				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1593		}
1594		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, True);
1595		if((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw))
1596			/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1597			resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1598		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1599			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1600	}
1601}
1602
1603void
1604togglebar(const char *arg) {
1605	if(bpos == BarOff)
1606		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1607	else
1608		bpos = BarOff;
1609	updatebarpos();
1610	arrange();
1611}
1612
1613void
1614togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1615	if(!sel)
1616		return;
1617	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1618	if(sel->isfloating)
1619		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1620	arrange();
1621}
1622
1623void
1624togglemax(const char *arg) {
1625	XEvent ev;
1626
1627	if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1628		return;
1629	if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1630		if(isarrange(floating) || sel->isfloating)
1631			sel->wasfloating = True;
1632		else {
1633			togglefloating(NULL);
1634			sel->wasfloating = False;
1635		}
1636		sel->rx = sel->x;
1637		sel->ry = sel->y;
1638		sel->rw = sel->w;
1639		sel->rh = sel->h;
1640		resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1641	}
1642	else {
1643		resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1644		if(!sel->wasfloating)
1645			togglefloating(NULL);
1646	}
1647	drawbar();
1648	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1649}
1650
1651void
1652toggletag(const char *arg) {
1653	unsigned int i, j;
1654
1655	if(!sel)
1656		return;
1657	i = idxoftag(arg);
1658	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1659	for(j = 0; j < NTAGS && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1660	if(j == NTAGS)
1661		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1662	arrange();
1663}
1664
1665void
1666toggleview(const char *arg) {
1667	unsigned int i, j;
1668
1669	i = idxoftag(arg);
1670	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1671	for(j = 0; j < NTAGS && !seltags[j]; j++);
1672	if(j == NTAGS)
1673		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1674	arrange();
1675}
1676
1677void
1678unban(Client *c) {
1679	if(!c->isbanned)
1680		return;
1681	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1682	c->isbanned = False;
1683}
1684
1685void
1686unmanage(Client *c) {
1687	XWindowChanges wc;
1688
1689	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1690	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1691	XGrabServer(dpy);
1692	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1693	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1694	detach(c);
1695	detachstack(c);
1696	if(sel == c)
1697		focus(NULL);
1698	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1699	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1700	free(c->tags);
1701	free(c);
1702	XSync(dpy, False);
1703	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1704	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1705	arrange();
1706}
1707
1708void
1709unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1710	Client *c;
1711	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1712
1713	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1714		unmanage(c);
1715}
1716
1717void
1718updatebarpos(void) {
1719	XEvent ev;
1720
1721	wax = sx;
1722	way = sy;
1723	wah = sh;
1724	waw = sw;
1725	switch(bpos) {
1726	default:
1727		wah -= bh;
1728		way += bh;
1729		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1730		break;
1731	case BarBot:
1732		wah -= bh;
1733		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1734		break;
1735	case BarOff:
1736		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1737		break;
1738	}
1739	XSync(dpy, False);
1740	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1741}
1742
1743void
1744updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1745	long msize;
1746	XSizeHints size;
1747
1748	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1749		size.flags = PSize;
1750	c->flags = size.flags;
1751	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1752		c->basew = size.base_width;
1753		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1754	}
1755	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1756		c->basew = size.min_width;
1757		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1758	}
1759	else
1760		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1761	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1762		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1763		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1764	}
1765	else
1766		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1767	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1768		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1769		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1770	}
1771	else
1772		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1773	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1774		c->minw = size.min_width;
1775		c->minh = size.min_height;
1776	}
1777	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1778		c->minw = size.base_width;
1779		c->minh = size.base_height;
1780	}
1781	else
1782		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1783	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1784		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1785		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1786		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1787		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1788	}
1789	else
1790		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1791	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1792			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1793}
1794
1795void
1796updatetitle(Client *c) {
1797	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1798		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1799}
1800
1801/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1802 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1803 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1804int
1805xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1806	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1807	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1808	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1809	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1810	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1811	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1812	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1813	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1814		return 0;
1815	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1816		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1817	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1818}
1819
1820int
1821xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1822	return 0;
1823}
1824
1825/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1826 * is already running. */
1827int
1828xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1829	otherwm = True;
1830	return -1;
1831}
1832
1833void
1834view(const char *arg) {
1835	unsigned int i;
1836
1837	memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1838	for(i = 0; i < NTAGS; i++)
1839		seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
1840	seltags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1841	arrange();
1842}
1843
1844void
1845viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1846	static Bool tmptags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]];
1847
1848	memcpy(tmptags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1849	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof seltags);
1850	memcpy(prevtags, tmptags, sizeof seltags);
1851	arrange();
1852}
1853
1854void
1855zoom(const char *arg) {
1856	Client *c;
1857
1858	if(!sel || !(ISTILE) || sel->isfloating)
1859		return;
1860	if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1861		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1862			return;
1863	detach(c);
1864	attach(c);
1865	focus(c);
1866	arrange();
1867}
1868
1869int
1870main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1871	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1872		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
1873	else if(argc != 1)
1874		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1875
1876	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1877	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1878		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1879	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1880	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1881
1882	checkotherwm();
1883	setup();
1884	drawbar();
1885	scan();
1886	run();
1887	cleanup();
1888
1889	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1890	return 0;
1891}