1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define MAX(a, b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
  45#define MIN(a, b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
  46#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  47#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  48#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  50#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  51#define DEFGEOM(GEONAME,BX,BY,BW,WX,WY,WW,WH,MX,MY,MW,MH,TX,TY,TW,TH,MOX,MOY,MOW,MOH) \
  52void GEONAME(void) { \
  53	bx = (BX); by = (BY); bw = (BW); \
  54	wx = (WX); wy = (WY); ww = (WW); wh = (WH); \
  55	mx = (MX); my = (MY); mw = (MW); mh = (MH); \
  56	tx = (TX); ty = (TY); tw = (TW); th = (TH); \
  57	mox = (MOX); moy = (MOY); mow = (MOW); moh = (MOH); \
  58}
  59
  60/* enums */
  61enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  62enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  63enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  64enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  65
  66/* typedefs */
  67typedef struct Client Client;
  68struct Client {
  69	char name[256];
  70	int x, y, w, h;
  71	int fx, fy, fw, fh;
  72	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  73	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  74	long flags;
  75	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  76	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  77	Bool *tags;
  78	Client *next;
  79	Client *prev;
  80	Client *snext;
  81	Window win;
  82};
  83
  84typedef struct {
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  87	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  88	Drawable drawable;
  89	GC gc;
  90	struct {
  91		int ascent;
  92		int descent;
  93		int height;
  94		XFontSet set;
  95		XFontStruct *xfont;
  96	} font;
  97} DC; /* draw context */
  98
  99typedef struct {
 100	const char *symbol;
 101	void (*apply)(void);
 102} Geom;
 103
 104typedef struct {
 105	unsigned long mod;
 106	KeySym keysym;
 107	void (*func)(const char *arg);
 108	const char *arg;
 109} Key;
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	const char *symbol;
 113	void (*arrange)(void);
 114	Bool isfloating;
 115} Layout;
 116
 117typedef struct {
 118	const char *class;
 119	const char *instance;
 120	const char *title;
 121	const char *tag;
 122	Bool isfloating;
 123} Rule;
 124
 125/* function declarations */
 126void applyrules(Client *c);
 127void arrange(void);
 128void attach(Client *c);
 129void attachstack(Client *c);
 130void ban(Client *c);
 131void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 132void checkotherwm(void);
 133void cleanup(void);
 134void configure(Client *c);
 135void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 136void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 137unsigned int counttiled(void);
 138void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 139void detach(Client *c);
 140void detachstack(Client *c);
 141void drawbar(void);
 142void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 143void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 144void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 145void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 146void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 147void expose(XEvent *e);
 148void focus(Client *c);
 149void focusin(XEvent *e);
 150void focusnext(const char *arg);
 151void focusprev(const char *arg);
 152Client *getclient(Window w);
 153unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 154long getstate(Window w);
 155Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 156void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 157void grabkeys(void);
 158unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 159void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 160Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 161Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 162Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 163Bool isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp);
 164void keypress(XEvent *e);
 165void killclient(const char *arg);
 166void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 167void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 168void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 169void monocle(void);
 170void movemouse(Client *c);
 171Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 172void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 173void quit(const char *arg);
 174void reapply(const char *arg);
 175void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 176void resizemouse(Client *c);
 177void restack(void);
 178void run(void);
 179void scan(void);
 180void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 181void setgeom(const char *arg);
 182void setlayout(const char *arg);
 183void setmfact(const char *arg);
 184void setup(void);
 185void spawn(const char *arg);
 186void tag(const char *arg);
 187unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 188unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 189void tileh(void);
 190void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 191Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 192void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 193void tilev(void);
 194void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 195void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 196void toggletag(const char *arg);
 197void toggleview(const char *arg);
 198void unban(Client *c);
 199void unmanage(Client *c);
 200void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 201void updatebarpos(void);
 202void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 203void updatetitle(Client *c);
 204void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 205void view(const char *arg);
 206void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 207int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 208int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 209int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 210void zoom(const char *arg);
 211
 212/* variables */
 213char stext[256];
 214int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 215int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 216int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, bgw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 217int seltags = 0;
 218double mfact;
 219unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 220void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 221	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 222	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 223	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 224	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 225	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 226	[Expose] = expose,
 227	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 228	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 229	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 230	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 231	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 232	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 233};
 234Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 235Bool otherwm, readin;
 236Bool running = True;
 237Bool *tagset[2];
 238Client *clients = NULL;
 239Client *sel = NULL;
 240Client *stack = NULL;
 241Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 242Display *dpy;
 243DC dc = {0};
 244Geom geoms[];
 245Geom *geom = geoms;
 246Layout layouts[];
 247Layout *lt = layouts;
 248Window root, barwin;
 249
 250/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 251#include "config.h"
 252#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 253
 254/* function implementations */
 255
 256void
 257applyrules(Client *c) {
 258	unsigned int i;
 259	Bool matched = False;
 260	Rule *r;
 261	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 262
 263	/* rule matching */
 264	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 265	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 266		r = &rules[i];
 267		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 268		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 269		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 270			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 271			if(r->tag) {
 272				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 273				matched = True;
 274			}
 275		}
 276	}
 277	if(ch.res_class)
 278		XFree(ch.res_class);
 279	if(ch.res_name)
 280		XFree(ch.res_name);
 281	if(!matched)
 282		memcpy(c->tags, tagset[seltags], TAGSZ);
 283}
 284
 285void
 286arrange(void) {
 287	Client *c;
 288
 289	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 290		if(isvisible(c, NULL)) {
 291			unban(c);
 292			if(lt->isfloating || c->isfloating)
 293				resize(c, c->fx, c->fy, c->fw, c->fh, True);
 294		}
 295		else
 296			ban(c);
 297
 298	focus(NULL);
 299	if(lt->arrange)
 300		lt->arrange();
 301	restack();
 302}
 303
 304void
 305attach(Client *c) {
 306	if(clients)
 307		clients->prev = c;
 308	c->next = clients;
 309	clients = c;
 310}
 311
 312void
 313attachstack(Client *c) {
 314	c->snext = stack;
 315	stack = c;
 316}
 317
 318void
 319ban(Client *c) {
 320	if(c->isbanned)
 321		return;
 322	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 323	c->isbanned = True;
 324}
 325
 326void
 327buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 328	unsigned int i, x;
 329	Client *c;
 330	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 331
 332	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 333		if((ev->x < bgw) && ev->button == Button1) {
 334			setgeom(NULL);
 335			return;
 336		}
 337		x = bgw;
 338		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 339			x += textw(tags[i]);
 340			if(ev->x >= bgw && ev->x < x) {
 341				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 342					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 343						tag(tags[i]);
 344					else
 345						view(tags[i]);
 346				}
 347				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 348					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 349						toggletag(tags[i]);
 350					else
 351						toggleview(tags[i]);
 352				}
 353				return;
 354			}
 355		}
 356		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 357			setlayout(NULL);
 358	}
 359	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 360		focus(c);
 361		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 362			return;
 363		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 364			restack();
 365			movemouse(c);
 366		}
 367		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 368			if(!lt->isfloating && c->isfloating)
 369				togglefloating(NULL);
 370			else
 371				zoom(NULL);
 372		}
 373		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 374			restack();
 375			resizemouse(c);
 376		}
 377	}
 378}
 379
 380void
 381checkotherwm(void) {
 382	otherwm = False;
 383	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 384
 385	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 386	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 387	XSync(dpy, False);
 388	if(otherwm)
 389		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 390	XSync(dpy, False);
 391	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 392	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 393	XSync(dpy, False);
 394}
 395
 396void
 397cleanup(void) {
 398	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 399	while(stack) {
 400		unban(stack);
 401		unmanage(stack);
 402	}
 403	if(dc.font.set)
 404		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 405	else
 406		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 407	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 408	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 409	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 410	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 411	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 412	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 413	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 414	XSync(dpy, False);
 415	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 416}
 417
 418void
 419configure(Client *c) {
 420	XConfigureEvent ce;
 421
 422	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 423	ce.display = dpy;
 424	ce.event = c->win;
 425	ce.window = c->win;
 426	ce.x = c->x;
 427	ce.y = c->y;
 428	ce.width = c->w;
 429	ce.height = c->h;
 430	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 431	ce.above = None;
 432	ce.override_redirect = False;
 433	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 434}
 435
 436void
 437configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 438	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 439
 440	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 441		sw = ev->width;
 442		sh = ev->height;
 443		setgeom(geom->symbol);
 444	}
 445}
 446
 447void
 448configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 449	Client *c;
 450	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 451	XWindowChanges wc;
 452
 453	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 454		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 455			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 456		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 457			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 458				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 459			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 460				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 461			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 462				c->w = ev->width;
 463			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 464				c->h = ev->height;
 465			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 466				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 467			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 468				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 469			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 470			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 471				configure(c);
 472			if(isvisible(c, NULL))
 473				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 474		}
 475		else
 476			configure(c);
 477	}
 478	else {
 479		wc.x = ev->x;
 480		wc.y = ev->y;
 481		wc.width = ev->width;
 482		wc.height = ev->height;
 483		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 484		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 485		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 486		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 487	}
 488	XSync(dpy, False);
 489}
 490
 491unsigned int
 492counttiled(void) {
 493	unsigned int n;
 494	Client *c;
 495
 496	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 497	return n;
 498}
 499
 500void
 501destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 502	Client *c;
 503	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 504
 505	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 506		unmanage(c);
 507}
 508
 509void
 510detach(Client *c) {
 511	if(c->prev)
 512		c->prev->next = c->next;
 513	if(c->next)
 514		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 515	if(c == clients)
 516		clients = c->next;
 517	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 518}
 519
 520void
 521detachstack(Client *c) {
 522	Client **tc;
 523
 524	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 525	*tc = c->snext;
 526}
 527
 528void
 529drawbar(void) {
 530	int i, x;
 531	Client *c;
 532
 533	dc.x = 0;
 534	if(bgw > 0) {
 535		dc.w = bgw;
 536		drawtext(geom->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 537		dc.x += bgw;
 538	}
 539	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 540	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 541		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 542		if(tagset[seltags][i]) {
 543			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 544			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 545		}
 546		else {
 547			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 548			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 549		}
 550		dc.x += dc.w;
 551	}
 552	if(blw > 0) {
 553		dc.w = blw;
 554		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 555		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 556	}
 557	else
 558		x = dc.x;
 559	dc.w = textw(stext);
 560	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 561	if(dc.x < x) {
 562		dc.x = x;
 563		dc.w = bw - x;
 564	}
 565	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 566	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 567		dc.x = x;
 568		if(c) {
 569			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 570			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 571		}
 572		else
 573			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 574	}
 575	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 576	XSync(dpy, False);
 577}
 578
 579void
 580drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 581	int x;
 582	XGCValues gcv;
 583	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 584
 585	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 586	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 587	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 588	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 589	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 590	if(filled) {
 591		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 592		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 593	}
 594	else if(empty) {
 595		r.width = r.height = x;
 596		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 597	}
 598}
 599
 600void
 601drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 602	int x, y, w, h;
 603	unsigned int len, olen;
 604	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 605	char buf[256];
 606
 607	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 608	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 609	if(!text)
 610		return;
 611	olen = strlen(text);
 612	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 613	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 614	w = 0;
 615	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 616	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 617	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 618	/* shorten text if necessary */
 619	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 620	if (!len)
 621		return;
 622	if(len < olen) {
 623		if(len > 1)
 624			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 625		if(len > 2)
 626			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 627		if(len > 3)
 628			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 629	}
 630	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 631	if(dc.font.set)
 632		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 633	else
 634		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 635}
 636
 637void *
 638emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 639	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 640
 641	if(!res)
 642		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 643	return res;
 644}
 645
 646void
 647enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 648	Client *c;
 649	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 650
 651	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 652		return;
 653	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 654		focus(c);
 655	else
 656		focus(NULL);
 657}
 658
 659void
 660eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 661	va_list ap;
 662
 663	va_start(ap, errstr);
 664	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 665	va_end(ap);
 666	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 667}
 668
 669void
 670expose(XEvent *e) {
 671	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 672
 673	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 674		drawbar();
 675}
 676
 677void
 678focus(Client *c) {
 679	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c, NULL)))
 680		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 681	if(sel && sel != c) {
 682		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 683		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 684	}
 685	if(c) {
 686		detachstack(c);
 687		attachstack(c);
 688		grabbuttons(c, True);
 689	}
 690	sel = c;
 691	if(c) {
 692		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 693		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 694	}
 695	else
 696		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 697	drawbar();
 698}
 699
 700void
 701focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 702	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 703
 704	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 705		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 706}
 707
 708void
 709focusnext(const char *arg) {
 710	Client *c;
 711
 712	if(!sel)
 713		return;
 714	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 715	if(!c)
 716		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 717	if(c) {
 718		focus(c);
 719		restack();
 720	}
 721}
 722
 723void
 724focusprev(const char *arg) {
 725	Client *c;
 726
 727	if(!sel)
 728		return;
 729	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 730	if(!c) {
 731		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 732		for(; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 733	}
 734	if(c) {
 735		focus(c);
 736		restack();
 737	}
 738}
 739
 740Client *
 741getclient(Window w) {
 742	Client *c;
 743
 744	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 745	return c;
 746}
 747
 748unsigned long
 749getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 750	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 751	XColor color;
 752
 753	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 754		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 755	return color.pixel;
 756}
 757
 758long
 759getstate(Window w) {
 760	int format, status;
 761	long result = -1;
 762	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 763	unsigned long n, extra;
 764	Atom real;
 765
 766	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 767			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 768	if(status != Success)
 769		return -1;
 770	if(n != 0)
 771		result = *p;
 772	XFree(p);
 773	return result;
 774}
 775
 776Bool
 777gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 778	char **list = NULL;
 779	int n;
 780	XTextProperty name;
 781
 782	if(!text || size == 0)
 783		return False;
 784	text[0] = '\0';
 785	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 786	if(!name.nitems)
 787		return False;
 788	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 789		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 790	else {
 791		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 792		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 793			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 794			XFreeStringList(list);
 795		}
 796	}
 797	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 798	XFree(name.value);
 799	return True;
 800}
 801
 802void
 803grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 804	int i, j;
 805	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 806	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 807	                             MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 808
 809	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 810	if(focused)
 811		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 812			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 813				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 814				            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815	else
 816		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 817		            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 818}
 819
 820void
 821grabkeys(void)  {
 822	unsigned int i, j;
 823	KeyCode code;
 824	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 825
 826	/* init modifier map */
 827	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 828	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 829		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 830			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 831				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 832		}
 833	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 834
 835	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 836	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 837		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 838		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 839				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 840		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 841				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 842		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 843				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 844		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 845				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 846	}
 847}
 848
 849unsigned int
 850idxoftag(const char *t) {
 851	unsigned int i;
 852
 853	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 854	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 855}
 856
 857void
 858initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 859	char *def, **missing;
 860	int i, n;
 861
 862	missing = NULL;
 863	if(dc.font.set)
 864		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 865	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 866	if(missing) {
 867		while(n--)
 868			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 869		XFreeStringList(missing);
 870	}
 871	if(dc.font.set) {
 872		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 873		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 874		char **font_names;
 875		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 876		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 877		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 878		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 879			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 880			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 881			xfonts++;
 882		}
 883	}
 884	else {
 885		if(dc.font.xfont)
 886			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 887		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 888		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 889		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 890			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 891		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 892		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 893	}
 894	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 895}
 896
 897Bool
 898isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 899	Client *c;
 900
 901	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 902		if(c->tags[t])
 903			return True;
 904	return False;
 905}
 906
 907Bool
 908isprotodel(Client *c) {
 909	int i, n;
 910	Atom *protocols;
 911	Bool ret = False;
 912
 913	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 914		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 915			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 916				ret = True;
 917		XFree(protocols);
 918	}
 919	return ret;
 920}
 921
 922Bool
 923isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 924	Client *c;
 925
 926	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 927		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 928			return True;
 929	return False;
 930}
 931
 932Bool
 933isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp) {
 934	unsigned int i;
 935
 936	if(!cmp)
 937		cmp = tagset[seltags];
 938	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 939		if(c->tags[i] && cmp[i])
 940			return True;
 941	return False;
 942}
 943
 944void
 945keypress(XEvent *e) {
 946	unsigned int i;
 947	KeySym keysym;
 948	XKeyEvent *ev;
 949
 950	ev = &e->xkey;
 951	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 952	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 953		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 954		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 955		{
 956			if(keys[i].func)
 957				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 958		}
 959}
 960
 961void
 962killclient(const char *arg) {
 963	XEvent ev;
 964
 965	if(!sel)
 966		return;
 967	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 968		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 969		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 970		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 971		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 972		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 973		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 974		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 975	}
 976	else
 977		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 978}
 979
 980void
 981manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 982	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 983	Status rettrans;
 984	Window trans;
 985	XWindowChanges wc;
 986
 987	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 988	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 989	c->win = w;
 990
 991	/* geometry */
 992	c->x = wa->x;
 993	c->y = wa->y;
 994	c->w = c->fw = wa->width;
 995	c->h = c->fh = wa->height;
 996	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 997	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 998		c->x = sx;
 999		c->y = sy;
1000		c->bw = wa->border_width;
1001	}
1002	else {
1003		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
1004			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1005		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
1006			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1007		c->x = MAX(c->x, wx);
1008		c->y = MAX(c->y, wy);
1009		c->bw = BORDERPX;
1010	}
1011	c->fx = c->x;
1012	c->fy = c->y;
1013
1014	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1015	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1016	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1017	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1018	updatesizehints(c);
1019	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1020	grabbuttons(c, False);
1021	updatetitle(c);
1022	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1023		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1024	if(t)
1025		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1026	else
1027		applyrules(c);
1028	if(!c->isfloating)
1029		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1030	attach(c);
1031	attachstack(c);
1032	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1033	ban(c);
1034	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1035	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1036	arrange();
1037}
1038
1039void
1040mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1041	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1042
1043	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1044	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1045		grabkeys();
1046}
1047
1048void
1049maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1050	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1051	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1052
1053	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1054		return;
1055	if(wa.override_redirect)
1056		return;
1057	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1058		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1059}
1060
1061void
1062monocle(void) {
1063	Client *c;
1064
1065	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1066		if((lt->isfloating || !c->isfloating) &&  isvisible(c, NULL))
1067			resize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1068}
1069
1070void
1071movemouse(Client *c) {
1072	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1073	unsigned int dui;
1074	Window dummy;
1075	XEvent ev;
1076
1077	ocx = nx = c->x;
1078	ocy = ny = c->y;
1079	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1080			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1081		return;
1082	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1083	for(;;) {
1084		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1085		switch (ev.type) {
1086		case ButtonRelease:
1087			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1088			return;
1089		case ConfigureRequest:
1090		case Expose:
1091		case MapRequest:
1092			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1093			break;
1094		case MotionNotify:
1095			XSync(dpy, False);
1096			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1097			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1098			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1099				nx = wx;
1100			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1101				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1102			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1103				ny = wy;
1104			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1105				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1106			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1107				togglefloating(NULL);
1108			if(lt->isfloating || c->isfloating) {
1109				c->fx = nx;
1110				c->fy = ny;
1111				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1112			}
1113			break;
1114		}
1115	}
1116}
1117
1118Client *
1119nexttiled(Client *c) {
1120	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c, NULL)); c = c->next);
1121	return c;
1122}
1123
1124void
1125propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1126	Client *c;
1127	Window trans;
1128	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1129
1130	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1131		return; /* ignore */
1132	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1133		switch (ev->atom) {
1134		default: break;
1135		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1136			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1137			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1138				arrange();
1139			break;
1140		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1141			updatesizehints(c);
1142			break;
1143		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1144			updatewmhints(c);
1145			drawbar();
1146			break;
1147		}
1148		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1149			updatetitle(c);
1150			if(c == sel)
1151				drawbar();
1152		}
1153	}
1154}
1155
1156void
1157quit(const char *arg) {
1158	readin = running = False;
1159}
1160
1161void
1162reapply(const char *arg) {
1163	Client *c;
1164
1165	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1166		memset(c->tags, 0, TAGSZ);
1167		applyrules(c);
1168	}
1169	arrange();
1170}
1171
1172void
1173resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1174	XWindowChanges wc;
1175
1176	if(sizehints) {
1177		/* set minimum possible */
1178		w = MAX(1, w);
1179		h = MAX(1, h);
1180
1181		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1182		w -= c->basew;
1183		h -= c->baseh;
1184
1185		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1186		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1187		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0)
1188		{
1189			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1190				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1191			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1192				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1193		}
1194
1195		/* adjust for increment value */
1196		if(c->incw)
1197			w -= w % c->incw;
1198		if(c->inch)
1199			h -= h % c->inch;
1200
1201		/* restore base dimensions */
1202		w += c->basew;
1203		h += c->baseh;
1204
1205		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1206		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1207		
1208		if (c->maxw)
1209			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1210
1211		if (c->maxh)
1212			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1213	}
1214	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1215		return;
1216	if(x > sx + sw)
1217		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1218	if(y > sy + sh)
1219		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1220	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1221		x = sx;
1222	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1223		y = sy;
1224	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1225		c->x = wc.x = x;
1226		c->y = wc.y = y;
1227		c->w = wc.width = w;
1228		c->h = wc.height = h;
1229		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1230		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1231				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1232		configure(c);
1233		XSync(dpy, False);
1234	}
1235}
1236
1237void
1238resizemouse(Client *c) {
1239	int ocx, ocy;
1240	int nw, nh;
1241	XEvent ev;
1242
1243	ocx = c->x;
1244	ocy = c->y;
1245	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1246			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1247		return;
1248	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1249	for(;;) {
1250		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1251		switch(ev.type) {
1252		case ButtonRelease:
1253			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1254					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1255			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1256			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1257			return;
1258		case ConfigureRequest:
1259		case Expose:
1260		case MapRequest:
1261			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1262			break;
1263		case MotionNotify:
1264			XSync(dpy, False);
1265			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1266			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1267			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP)) {
1268				c->fx = c->x;
1269				c->fy = c->y;
1270				togglefloating(NULL);
1271			}
1272			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating) {
1273				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1274				c->fw = nw;
1275				c->fh = nh;
1276			}
1277			break;
1278		}
1279	}
1280}
1281
1282void
1283restack(void) {
1284	Client *c;
1285	XEvent ev;
1286	XWindowChanges wc;
1287
1288	drawbar();
1289	if(!sel)
1290		return;
1291	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1292		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1293	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1294		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1295		wc.sibling = barwin;
1296		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1297			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c, NULL)) {
1298				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1299				wc.sibling = c->win;
1300			}
1301	}
1302	XSync(dpy, False);
1303	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1304}
1305
1306void
1307run(void) {
1308	char *p;
1309	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1310	fd_set rd;
1311	int r, xfd;
1312	unsigned int len, offset;
1313	XEvent ev;
1314
1315	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1316	XSync(dpy, False);
1317	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1318	readin = True;
1319	offset = 0;
1320	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1321	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1322	while(running) {
1323		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1324		if(readin)
1325			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1326		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1327		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1328			if(errno == EINTR)
1329				continue;
1330			eprint("select failed\n");
1331		}
1332		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1333			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1334			case -1:
1335				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1336				readin = False;
1337				break;
1338			case 0:
1339				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1340				readin = False;
1341				break;
1342			default:
1343				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1344					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1345						*p = '\0';
1346						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1347						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1348						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1349						offset = r;
1350						if(r)
1351							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1352						break;
1353					}
1354				break;
1355			}
1356			drawbar();
1357		}
1358		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1359			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1360			if(handler[ev.type])
1361				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1362		}
1363	}
1364}
1365
1366void
1367scan(void) {
1368	unsigned int i, num;
1369	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1370	XWindowAttributes wa;
1371
1372	wins = NULL;
1373	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1374		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1375			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1376					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1377				continue;
1378			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1379				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1380		}
1381		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1382			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1383				continue;
1384			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1385					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1386				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1387		}
1388	}
1389	if(wins)
1390		XFree(wins);
1391}
1392
1393void
1394setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1395	long data[] = {state, None};
1396
1397	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1398			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1399}
1400
1401void
1402setgeom(const char *arg) {
1403	unsigned int i;
1404
1405	if(!arg) {
1406		if(++geom == &geoms[LENGTH(geoms)])
1407			geom = &geoms[0];
1408	}
1409	else {
1410		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(geoms); i++)
1411			if(!strcmp(geoms[i].symbol, arg))
1412				break;
1413		if(i == LENGTH(geoms))
1414			return;
1415		geom = &geoms[i];
1416	}
1417	geom->apply();
1418	updatebarpos();
1419	arrange();
1420}
1421
1422void
1423setlayout(const char *arg) {
1424	unsigned int i;
1425
1426	if(!arg) {
1427		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1428			lt = &layouts[0];
1429	}
1430	else {
1431		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1432			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1433				break;
1434		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1435			return;
1436		lt = &layouts[i];
1437	}
1438	if(sel)
1439		arrange();
1440	else
1441		drawbar();
1442}
1443
1444void
1445setmfact(const char *arg) {
1446	double d;
1447
1448	if(lt->isfloating)
1449		return;
1450	if(!arg)
1451		mfact = MFACT;
1452	else {
1453		d = strtod(arg, NULL);
1454		if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+')
1455			d += mfact;
1456		if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1457			return;
1458		mfact = d;
1459	}
1460	setgeom(geom->symbol);
1461}
1462
1463void
1464setup(void) {
1465	unsigned int i, w;
1466	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1467
1468	/* init screen */
1469	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1470	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1471	initfont(FONT);
1472
1473	/* apply default geometry */
1474	sx = 0;
1475	sy = 0;
1476	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1477	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1478	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1479	mfact = MFACT;
1480	geom->apply();
1481
1482	/* init atoms */
1483	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1484	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1485	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1486	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1487	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1488	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1489
1490	/* init cursors */
1491	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1492	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1493	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1494
1495	/* init appearance */
1496	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1497	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1498	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1499	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1500	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1501	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1502	initfont(FONT);
1503	dc.h = bh;
1504	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1505	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1506	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1507	if(!dc.font.set)
1508		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1509
1510	/* init tags */
1511	tagset[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1512	tagset[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1513	tagset[0][0] = tagset[1][0] = True;
1514
1515	/* init bar */
1516	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1517		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1518		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1519	}
1520	for(bgw = i = 0; LENGTH(geoms) > 1 && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) {
1521		w = textw(geoms[i].symbol);
1522		bgw = MAX(bgw, w);
1523	}
1524
1525	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1526	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1527	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1528
1529	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1530				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1531				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1532	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1533	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1534	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1535	drawbar();
1536
1537	/* EWMH support per view */
1538	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1539			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1540
1541	/* select for events */
1542	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1543			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1544	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1545	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1546
1547
1548	/* grab keys */
1549	grabkeys();
1550}
1551
1552void
1553spawn(const char *arg) {
1554	static char *shell = NULL;
1555
1556	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1557		shell = "/bin/sh";
1558	if(!arg)
1559		return;
1560	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1561	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1562	if(fork() == 0) {
1563		if(fork() == 0) {
1564			if(dpy)
1565				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1566			setsid();
1567			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1568			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1569			perror(" failed");
1570		}
1571		exit(0);
1572	}
1573	wait(0);
1574}
1575
1576void
1577tag(const char *arg) {
1578	unsigned int i;
1579
1580	if(!sel)
1581		return;
1582	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1583		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1584	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1585	arrange();
1586}
1587
1588unsigned int
1589textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1590	XRectangle r;
1591
1592	if(dc.font.set) {
1593		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1594		return r.width;
1595	}
1596	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1597}
1598
1599unsigned int
1600textw(const char *text) {
1601	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1602}
1603
1604void
1605tileh(void) {
1606	int x, w;
1607	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1608	Client *c;
1609
1610	if(n == 0)
1611		return;
1612	c = tilemaster(n);
1613	if(--n == 0)
1614		return;
1615
1616	x = tx;
1617	w = tw / n;
1618	if(w < bh)
1619		w = tw;
1620
1621	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1622		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1623			tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1624		else
1625			tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1626		if(w != tw)
1627			x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1628	}
1629}
1630
1631Client *
1632tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1633	Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1634
1635	if(n == 1)
1636		tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw);
1637	else
1638		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1639	return c;
1640}
1641
1642void
1643tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1644	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1645	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1646		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1647		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1648}
1649
1650void
1651tilev(void) {
1652	int y, h;
1653	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1654	Client *c;
1655
1656	if(n == 0)
1657		return;
1658	c = tilemaster(n);
1659	if(--n == 0)
1660		return;
1661
1662	y = ty;
1663	h = th / n;
1664	if(h < bh)
1665		h = th;
1666
1667	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1668		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1669			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1670		else
1671			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1672		if(h != th)
1673			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1674	}
1675}
1676
1677void
1678togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1679	if(!sel)
1680		return;
1681	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1682	if(sel->isfloating)
1683		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1684	arrange();
1685}
1686
1687void
1688toggletag(const char *arg) {
1689	unsigned int i, j;
1690
1691	if(!sel)
1692		return;
1693	i = idxoftag(arg);
1694	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1695	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1696	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1697		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1698	arrange();
1699}
1700
1701void
1702toggleview(const char *arg) {
1703	unsigned int i, j;
1704
1705	i = idxoftag(arg);
1706	tagset[seltags][i] = !tagset[seltags][i];
1707	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !tagset[seltags][j]; j++);
1708	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1709		tagset[seltags][i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1710	arrange();
1711}
1712
1713void
1714unban(Client *c) {
1715	if(!c->isbanned)
1716		return;
1717	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1718	c->isbanned = False;
1719}
1720
1721void
1722unmanage(Client *c) {
1723	XWindowChanges wc;
1724
1725	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1726	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1727	XGrabServer(dpy);
1728	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1729	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1730	detach(c);
1731	detachstack(c);
1732	if(sel == c)
1733		focus(NULL);
1734	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1735	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1736	free(c->tags);
1737	free(c);
1738	XSync(dpy, False);
1739	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1740	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1741	arrange();
1742}
1743
1744void
1745unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1746	Client *c;
1747	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1748
1749	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1750		unmanage(c);
1751}
1752
1753void
1754updatebarpos(void) {
1755
1756	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1757		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1758	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1759	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1760}
1761
1762void
1763updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1764	long msize;
1765	XSizeHints size;
1766
1767	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1768		size.flags = PSize;
1769	c->flags = size.flags;
1770	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1771		c->basew = size.base_width;
1772		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1773	}
1774	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1775		c->basew = size.min_width;
1776		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1777	}
1778	else
1779		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1780	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1781		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1782		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1783	}
1784	else
1785		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1786	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1787		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1788		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1789	}
1790	else
1791		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1792	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1793		c->minw = size.min_width;
1794		c->minh = size.min_height;
1795	}
1796	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1797		c->minw = size.base_width;
1798		c->minh = size.base_height;
1799	}
1800	else
1801		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1802	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1803		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1804		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1805		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1806		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1807	}
1808	else
1809		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1810	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1811			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1812}
1813
1814void
1815updatetitle(Client *c) {
1816	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1817		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1818}
1819
1820void
1821updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1822	XWMHints *wmh;
1823
1824	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1825		if(c == sel)
1826			sel->isurgent = False;
1827		else
1828			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1829		XFree(wmh);
1830	}
1831}
1832
1833void
1834view(const char *arg) {
1835	seltags ^= 1;
1836	memset(tagset[seltags], (NULL == arg), TAGSZ);
1837	tagset[seltags][idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1838	arrange();
1839}
1840
1841void
1842viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1843	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1844	arrange();
1845}
1846
1847/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1848 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1849 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1850int
1851xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1852	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1853	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1854	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1855	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1856	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1857	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1858	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1859	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1860	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1861		return 0;
1862	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1863		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1864	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1865}
1866
1867int
1868xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1869	return 0;
1870}
1871
1872/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1873 * is already running. */
1874int
1875xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1876	otherwm = True;
1877	return -1;
1878}
1879
1880void
1881zoom(const char *arg) {
1882	Client *c = sel;
1883
1884	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1885		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1886			return;
1887	if(!lt->isfloating && !sel->isfloating) {
1888		detach(c);
1889		attach(c);
1890		focus(c);
1891	}
1892	arrange();
1893}
1894
1895int
1896main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1897	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1898		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1899	else if(argc != 1)
1900		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1901
1902	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1903	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1904		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1905
1906	checkotherwm();
1907	setup();
1908	scan();
1909	run();
1910	cleanup();
1911
1912	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1913	return 0;
1914}
1915