1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56#define VISIBLE(x)      ((x)->tags & tagset[seltags])
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63
  64/* typedefs */
  65typedef unsigned int uint;
  66typedef unsigned long ulong;
  67typedef struct Client Client;
  68struct Client {
  69	char name[256];
  70	int x, y, w, h;
  71	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  72	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  73	long flags;
  74	int bw, oldbw;
  75	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, ismax, isurgent;
  76	uint tags;
  77	Client *next;
  78	Client *prev;
  79	Client *snext;
  80	Window win;
  81};
  82
  83typedef struct {
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	ulong norm[ColLast];
  86	ulong sel[ColLast];
  87	Drawable drawable;
  88	GC gc;
  89	struct {
  90		int ascent;
  91		int descent;
  92		int height;
  93		XFontSet set;
  94		XFontStruct *xfont;
  95	} font;
  96} DC; /* draw context */
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	uint mod;
 100	KeySym keysym;
 101	void (*func)(const void *arg);
 102	const void *arg;
 103} Key;
 104
 105typedef struct {
 106	const char *symbol;
 107	void (*arrange)(void);
 108} Layout;
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	const char *class;
 112	const char *instance;
 113	const char *title;
 114	uint tags;
 115	Bool isfloating;
 116} Rule;
 117
 118/* function declarations */
 119void applyrules(Client *c);
 120void arrange(void);
 121void attach(Client *c);
 122void attachstack(Client *c);
 123void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 124void checkotherwm(void);
 125void cleanup(void);
 126void configure(Client *c);
 127void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 128void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 129void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 130void detach(Client *c);
 131void detachstack(Client *c);
 132void drawbar(void);
 133void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 134void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 135void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 136void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 137void expose(XEvent *e);
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusin(XEvent *e);
 140void focusnext(const void *arg);
 141void focusprev(const void *arg);
 142Client *getclient(Window w);
 143ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 144long getstate(Window w);
 145Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 146void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 147void grabkeys(void);
 148void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 149Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isurgent(uint t);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const void *arg);
 154void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 155void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 156void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const void *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setmfact(const void *arg);
 168void setup(void);
 169void spawn(const void *arg);
 170void tag(const void *arg);
 171uint textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 172void tile(void);
 173void togglebar(const void *arg);
 174void togglefloating(const void *arg);
 175void togglelayout(const void *arg);
 176void togglemax(const void *arg);
 177void toggletag(const void *arg);
 178void toggleview(const void *arg);
 179void unmanage(Client *c);
 180void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 181void updatebar(void);
 182void updategeom(void);
 183void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 184void updatetitle(Client *c);
 185void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 186void view(const void *arg);
 187void viewprevtag(const void *arg);
 188int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191void zoom(const void *arg);
 192
 193/* variables */
 194char stext[256];
 195int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 196int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 197uint seltags = 0;
 198int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 199uint numlockmask = 0;
 200void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 201	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 202	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 203	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 204	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 205	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 206	[Expose] = expose,
 207	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 208	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 209	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 210	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 211	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 212	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 213};
 214Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 215Bool domax = False;
 216Bool otherwm, readin;
 217Bool running = True;
 218uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 219Client *clients = NULL;
 220Client *sel = NULL;
 221Client *stack = NULL;
 222Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 223Display *dpy;
 224DC dc = {0};
 225Layout layouts[];
 226Layout *lt = layouts;
 227Window root, barwin;
 228
 229/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 230#include "config.h"
 231
 232/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 233struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 234
 235/* function implementations */
 236void
 237applyrules(Client *c) {
 238	uint i;
 239	Rule *r;
 240	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 241
 242	/* rule matching */
 243	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 244	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 245		r = &rules[i];
 246		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 247		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 248		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 249			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 250			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 251		}
 252	}
 253	if(ch.res_class)
 254		XFree(ch.res_class);
 255	if(ch.res_name)
 256		XFree(ch.res_name);
 257	if(!c->tags)
 258		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 259}
 260
 261void
 262arrange(void) {
 263	Client *c;
 264
 265	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 266		if(VISIBLE(c)) {
 267			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 268				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 269		}
 270		else if(!c->isbanned) {
 271			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 272			c->isbanned = True;
 273		}
 274
 275	focus(NULL);
 276	if(lt->arrange && !domax)
 277		lt->arrange();
 278	restack();
 279}
 280
 281void
 282attach(Client *c) {
 283	if(clients)
 284		clients->prev = c;
 285	c->next = clients;
 286	clients = c;
 287}
 288
 289void
 290attachstack(Client *c) {
 291	c->snext = stack;
 292	stack = c;
 293}
 294
 295void
 296buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 297	uint i, x, mask;
 298	Client *c;
 299	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 300
 301	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 302		x = 0;
 303		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 304			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 305			if(ev->x < x) {
 306				mask = 1 << i;
 307				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 308					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 309						tag(&mask);
 310					else
 311						view(&mask);
 312				}
 313				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 314					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 315						toggletag(&mask);
 316					else
 317						toggleview(&mask);
 318				}
 319				return;
 320			}
 321		}
 322		if(ev->x < x + blw) {
 323			if(ev->button == Button1) 
 324				togglelayout(NULL);
 325			else if(ev->button == Button3) 
 326				togglemax(NULL);
 327		}
 328	}
 329	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 330		focus(c);
 331		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY || domax)
 332			return;
 333		if(ev->button == Button1)
 334			movemouse(c);
 335		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 336			togglefloating(NULL);
 337		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed)
 338			resizemouse(c);
 339	}
 340}
 341
 342void
 343checkotherwm(void) {
 344	otherwm = False;
 345	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 346
 347	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 348	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 349	XSync(dpy, False);
 350	if(otherwm)
 351		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 352	XSync(dpy, False);
 353	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 354	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 355	XSync(dpy, False);
 356}
 357
 358void
 359cleanup(void) {
 360	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 361	view(NULL);
 362	while(stack)
 363		unmanage(stack);
 364	if(dc.font.set)
 365		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 366	else
 367		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 368	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 369	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 370	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 371	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 372	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 373	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 374	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 375	XSync(dpy, False);
 376	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 377}
 378
 379void
 380configure(Client *c) {
 381	XConfigureEvent ce;
 382
 383	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 384	ce.display = dpy;
 385	ce.event = c->win;
 386	ce.window = c->win;
 387	ce.x = c->x;
 388	ce.y = c->y;
 389	ce.width = c->w;
 390	ce.height = c->h;
 391	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 392	ce.above = None;
 393	ce.override_redirect = False;
 394	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 395}
 396
 397void
 398configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 399	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 400
 401	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 402		sw = ev->width;
 403		sh = ev->height;
 404		updategeom();
 405		updatebar();
 406		arrange();
 407	}
 408}
 409
 410void
 411configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 412	Client *c;
 413	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 414	XWindowChanges wc;
 415
 416	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 417		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 418			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 419		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 420			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 421				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 422			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 423				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 424			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 425				c->w = ev->width;
 426			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 427				c->h = ev->height;
 428			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 429				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 430			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 431				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 432			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 433			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 434				configure(c);
 435			if(VISIBLE(c))
 436				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 437		}
 438		else
 439			configure(c);
 440	}
 441	else {
 442		wc.x = ev->x;
 443		wc.y = ev->y;
 444		wc.width = ev->width;
 445		wc.height = ev->height;
 446		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 447		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 448		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 449		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 450	}
 451	XSync(dpy, False);
 452}
 453
 454void
 455destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 456	Client *c;
 457	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 458
 459	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 460		unmanage(c);
 461}
 462
 463void
 464detach(Client *c) {
 465	if(c->prev)
 466		c->prev->next = c->next;
 467	if(c->next)
 468		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 469	if(c == clients)
 470		clients = c->next;
 471	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 472}
 473
 474void
 475detachstack(Client *c) {
 476	Client **tc;
 477
 478	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 479	*tc = c->snext;
 480}
 481
 482void
 483drawbar(void) {
 484	int i, x;
 485	Client *c;
 486
 487	dc.x = 0;
 488	for(c = stack; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 489	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 490		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 491		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 492			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 493			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 494		}
 495		else {
 496			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 497			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 498		}
 499		dc.x += dc.w;
 500	}
 501	if(blw > 0) {
 502		dc.w = blw;
 503		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, domax);
 504		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 505	}
 506	else
 507		x = dc.x;
 508	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 509	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 510	if(dc.x < x) {
 511		dc.x = x;
 512		dc.w = bw - x;
 513	}
 514	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 515	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 516		dc.x = x;
 517		if(c) {
 518			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 519			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 520		}
 521		else
 522			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 523	}
 524	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 525	XSync(dpy, False);
 526}
 527
 528void
 529drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 530	int x;
 531	XGCValues gcv;
 532	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 533
 534	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 535	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 536	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 537	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 538	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 539	if(filled) {
 540		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 541		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 542	}
 543	else if(empty) {
 544		r.width = r.height = x;
 545		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 546	}
 547}
 548
 549void
 550drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 551	int x, y, w, h;
 552	uint len, olen;
 553	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 554	char buf[256];
 555
 556	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 557	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 558	if(!text)
 559		return;
 560	olen = strlen(text);
 561	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 562	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 563	w = 0;
 564	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 565	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 566	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 567	/* shorten text if necessary */
 568	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 569	if(!len)
 570		return;
 571	if(len < olen) {
 572		if(len > 1)
 573			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 574		if(len > 2)
 575			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 576		if(len > 3)
 577			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 578	}
 579	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 580	if(dc.font.set)
 581		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 582	else
 583		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 584}
 585
 586void
 587enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 588	Client *c;
 589	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 590
 591	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 592		return;
 593	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 594		focus(c);
 595	else
 596		focus(NULL);
 597}
 598
 599void
 600eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 601	va_list ap;
 602
 603	va_start(ap, errstr);
 604	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 605	va_end(ap);
 606	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 607}
 608
 609void
 610expose(XEvent *e) {
 611	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 612
 613	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 614		drawbar();
 615}
 616
 617void
 618focus(Client *c) {
 619	if(!c || (c && !VISIBLE(c)))
 620		for(c = stack; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 621	if(sel && sel != c) {
 622		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 623		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 624	}
 625	if(c) {
 626		detachstack(c);
 627		attachstack(c);
 628		grabbuttons(c, True);
 629	}
 630	sel = c;
 631	if(c) {
 632		if(domax) {
 633			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
 634			c->ismax = True;
 635		}
 636		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 637		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 638	}
 639	else
 640		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 641	drawbar();
 642}
 643
 644void
 645focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 646	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 647
 648	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 649		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 650}
 651
 652void
 653focusnext(const void *arg) {
 654	Client *c;
 655
 656	if(!sel)
 657		return;
 658	for(c = sel->next; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 659	if(!c)
 660		for(c = clients; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 661	if(c) {
 662		focus(c);
 663		restack();
 664	}
 665}
 666
 667void
 668focusprev(const void *arg) {
 669	Client *c;
 670
 671	if(!sel)
 672		return;
 673	for(c = sel->prev; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->prev);
 674	if(!c) {
 675		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 676		for(; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->prev);
 677	}
 678	if(c) {
 679		focus(c);
 680		restack();
 681	}
 682}
 683
 684Client *
 685getclient(Window w) {
 686	Client *c;
 687
 688	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 689	return c;
 690}
 691
 692ulong
 693getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 694	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 695	XColor color;
 696
 697	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 698		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 699	return color.pixel;
 700}
 701
 702long
 703getstate(Window w) {
 704	int format, status;
 705	long result = -1;
 706	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 707	ulong n, extra;
 708	Atom real;
 709
 710	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 711			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 712	if(status != Success)
 713		return -1;
 714	if(n != 0)
 715		result = *p;
 716	XFree(p);
 717	return result;
 718}
 719
 720Bool
 721gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 722	char **list = NULL;
 723	int n;
 724	XTextProperty name;
 725
 726	if(!text || size == 0)
 727		return False;
 728	text[0] = '\0';
 729	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 730	if(!name.nitems)
 731		return False;
 732	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 733		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 734	else {
 735		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 736		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 737			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 738			XFreeStringList(list);
 739		}
 740	}
 741	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 742	XFree(name.value);
 743	return True;
 744}
 745
 746void
 747grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 748	int i, j;
 749	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 750	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 751				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 752
 753	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 754	if(focused)
 755		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 756			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 757				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 758					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 759	else
 760		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 761			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 762}
 763
 764void
 765grabkeys(void) {
 766	uint i, j;
 767	KeyCode code;
 768	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 769
 770	/* init modifier map */
 771	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 772	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 773		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 774			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 775				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 776		}
 777	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 778
 779	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 780	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 781		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 782		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 783				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 784		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 785				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 786		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 787				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 788		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 789				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 790	}
 791}
 792
 793void
 794initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 795	char *def, **missing;
 796	int i, n;
 797
 798	missing = NULL;
 799	if(dc.font.set)
 800		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 801	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 802	if(missing) {
 803		while(n--)
 804			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 805		XFreeStringList(missing);
 806	}
 807	if(dc.font.set) {
 808		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 809		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 810		char **font_names;
 811		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 812		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 813		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 814		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 815			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 816			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 817			xfonts++;
 818		}
 819	}
 820	else {
 821		if(dc.font.xfont)
 822			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 823		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 824		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 825		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 826			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 827		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 828		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 829	}
 830	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 831}
 832
 833Bool
 834isoccupied(uint t) {
 835	Client *c;
 836
 837	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 838		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 839			return True;
 840	return False;
 841}
 842
 843Bool
 844isprotodel(Client *c) {
 845	int i, n;
 846	Atom *protocols;
 847	Bool ret = False;
 848
 849	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 850		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 851			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 852				ret = True;
 853		XFree(protocols);
 854	}
 855	return ret;
 856}
 857
 858Bool
 859isurgent(uint t) {
 860	Client *c;
 861
 862	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 863		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 864			return True;
 865	return False;
 866}
 867
 868void
 869keypress(XEvent *e) {
 870	uint i;
 871	KeySym keysym;
 872	XKeyEvent *ev;
 873
 874	ev = &e->xkey;
 875	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 876	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 877		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 878		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 879		{
 880			if(keys[i].func)
 881				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 882		}
 883}
 884
 885void
 886killclient(const void *arg) {
 887	XEvent ev;
 888
 889	if(!sel)
 890		return;
 891	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 892		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 893		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 894		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 895		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 896		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 897		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 898		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 899	}
 900	else
 901		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 902}
 903
 904void
 905manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 906	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 907	Status rettrans;
 908	Window trans;
 909	XWindowChanges wc;
 910
 911	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 912		eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 913	c->win = w;
 914
 915	/* geometry */
 916	c->x = wa->x;
 917	c->y = wa->y;
 918	c->w = wa->width;
 919	c->h = wa->height;
 920	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 921	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 922		c->x = sx;
 923		c->y = sy;
 924		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 925	}
 926	else {
 927		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 928			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 929		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 930			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 931		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 932		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 933		c->bw = borderpx;
 934	}
 935
 936	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 937	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 938	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 939	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 940	updatesizehints(c);
 941	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 942	grabbuttons(c, False);
 943	updatetitle(c);
 944	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 945		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 946	if(t)
 947		c->tags = t->tags;
 948	else
 949		applyrules(c);
 950	if(!c->isfloating)
 951		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 952	attach(c);
 953	attachstack(c);
 954	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 955	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 956	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 957	arrange();
 958}
 959
 960void
 961mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 962	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 963
 964	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 965	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 966		grabkeys();
 967}
 968
 969void
 970maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 971	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 972	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 973
 974	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 975		return;
 976	if(wa.override_redirect)
 977		return;
 978	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 979		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 980}
 981
 982void
 983movemouse(Client *c) {
 984	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 985	uint dui;
 986	Window dummy;
 987	XEvent ev;
 988
 989	restack();
 990	ocx = nx = c->x;
 991	ocy = ny = c->y;
 992	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 993	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 994		return;
 995	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 996	for(;;) {
 997		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 998		switch (ev.type) {
 999		case ButtonRelease:
1000			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1001			return;
1002		case ConfigureRequest:
1003		case Expose:
1004		case MapRequest:
1005			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1006			break;
1007		case MotionNotify:
1008			XSync(dpy, False);
1009			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1010			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1011			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1012			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1013				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1014					nx = wx;
1015				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1016					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1017				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1018					ny = wy;
1019				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1020					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1021				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1022					togglefloating(NULL);
1023			}
1024			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1025				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1026			break;
1027		}
1028	}
1029}
1030
1031Client *
1032nexttiled(Client *c) {
1033	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !VISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1034	return c;
1035}
1036
1037void
1038propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1039	Client *c;
1040	Window trans;
1041	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1042
1043	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1044		return; /* ignore */
1045	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1046		switch (ev->atom) {
1047		default: break;
1048		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1049			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1050			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1051				arrange();
1052			break;
1053		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1054			updatesizehints(c);
1055			break;
1056		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1057			updatewmhints(c);
1058			drawbar();
1059			break;
1060		}
1061		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1062			updatetitle(c);
1063			if(c == sel)
1064				drawbar();
1065		}
1066	}
1067}
1068
1069void
1070quit(const void *arg) {
1071	readin = running = False;
1072}
1073
1074void
1075resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1076	XWindowChanges wc;
1077
1078	if(sizehints) {
1079		/* set minimum possible */
1080		w = MAX(1, w);
1081		h = MAX(1, h);
1082
1083		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1084		w -= c->basew;
1085		h -= c->baseh;
1086
1087		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1088		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1089		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1090			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1091				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1092			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1093				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1094		}
1095
1096		/* adjust for increment value */
1097		if(c->incw)
1098			w -= w % c->incw;
1099		if(c->inch)
1100			h -= h % c->inch;
1101
1102		/* restore base dimensions */
1103		w += c->basew;
1104		h += c->baseh;
1105
1106		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1107		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1108		
1109		if (c->maxw)
1110			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1111
1112		if (c->maxh)
1113			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1114	}
1115	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1116		return;
1117	if(x > sx + sw)
1118		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1119	if(y > sy + sh)
1120		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1121	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1122		x = sx;
1123	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1124		y = sy;
1125	if(h < bh)
1126		h = bh;
1127	if(w < bh)
1128		w = bh;
1129	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h || c->isbanned || c->ismax) {
1130		c->isbanned = c->ismax = False;
1131		c->x = wc.x = x;
1132		c->y = wc.y = y;
1133		c->w = wc.width = w;
1134		c->h = wc.height = h;
1135		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1136		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1137				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1138		configure(c);
1139		XSync(dpy, False);
1140	}
1141}
1142
1143void
1144resizemouse(Client *c) {
1145	int ocx, ocy;
1146	int nw, nh;
1147	XEvent ev;
1148
1149	restack();
1150	ocx = c->x;
1151	ocy = c->y;
1152	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1153	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1154		return;
1155	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1156	for(;;) {
1157		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1158		switch(ev.type) {
1159		case ButtonRelease:
1160			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1161					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1162			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1163			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1164			return;
1165		case ConfigureRequest:
1166		case Expose:
1167		case MapRequest:
1168			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1169			break;
1170		case MotionNotify:
1171			XSync(dpy, False);
1172			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1173			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1174
1175			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1176			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1177				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1178				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1179					togglefloating(NULL);
1180			}
1181			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1182				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1183			break;
1184		}
1185	}
1186}
1187
1188void
1189restack(void) {
1190	Client *c;
1191	XEvent ev;
1192	XWindowChanges wc;
1193
1194	drawbar();
1195	if(!sel)
1196		return;
1197	if(domax || sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1198		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1199	if(!domax && lt->arrange) {
1200		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1201		wc.sibling = barwin;
1202		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1203			if(!c->isfloating && VISIBLE(c)) {
1204				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1205				wc.sibling = c->win;
1206			}
1207	}
1208	XSync(dpy, False);
1209	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1210}
1211
1212void
1213run(void) {
1214	char *p;
1215	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1216	fd_set rd;
1217	int r, xfd;
1218	uint len, offset;
1219	XEvent ev;
1220
1221	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1222	XSync(dpy, False);
1223	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1224	readin = True;
1225	offset = 0;
1226	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1227	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1228	while(running) {
1229		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1230		if(readin)
1231			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1232		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1233		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1234			if(errno == EINTR)
1235				continue;
1236			eprint("select failed\n");
1237		}
1238		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1239			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1240			case -1:
1241				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1242				readin = False;
1243				break;
1244			case 0:
1245				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1246				readin = False;
1247				break;
1248			default:
1249				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1250					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1251						*p = '\0';
1252						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1253						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1254						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1255						offset = r;
1256						if(r)
1257							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1258						break;
1259					}
1260				break;
1261			}
1262			drawbar();
1263		}
1264		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1265			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1266			if(handler[ev.type])
1267				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1268		}
1269	}
1270}
1271
1272void
1273scan(void) {
1274	uint i, num;
1275	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1276	XWindowAttributes wa;
1277
1278	wins = NULL;
1279	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1280		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1281			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1282			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1283				continue;
1284			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1285				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1286		}
1287		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1288			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1289				continue;
1290			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1291			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1292				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1293		}
1294	}
1295	if(wins)
1296		XFree(wins);
1297}
1298
1299void
1300setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1301	long data[] = {state, None};
1302
1303	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1304			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1305}
1306
1307/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1308void
1309setmfact(const void *arg) {
1310	double d = *((double*) arg);
1311
1312	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1313		return;
1314	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1315	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1316		return;
1317	mfact = d;
1318	arrange();
1319}
1320
1321void
1322setup(void) {
1323	uint i, w;
1324	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1325
1326	/* init screen */
1327	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1328	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1329	initfont(FONT);
1330	sx = 0;
1331	sy = 0;
1332	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1333	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1334	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1335	updategeom();
1336
1337	/* init atoms */
1338	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1339	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1340	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1341	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1342	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1343	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1344
1345	/* init cursors */
1346	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1347	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1348	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1349
1350	/* init appearance */
1351	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1352	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1353	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1354	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1355	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1356	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1357	initfont(FONT);
1358	dc.h = bh;
1359	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1360	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1361	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1362	if(!dc.font.set)
1363		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1364
1365	/* init bar */
1366	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1367		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1368		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1369	}
1370
1371	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1372	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1373	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1374
1375	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1376			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1377			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1378	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1379	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1380	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1381	drawbar();
1382
1383	/* EWMH support per view */
1384	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1385			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1386
1387	/* select for events */
1388	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1389			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1390	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1391	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1392
1393
1394	/* grab keys */
1395	grabkeys();
1396}
1397
1398void
1399spawn(const void *arg) {
1400	static char *shell = NULL;
1401
1402	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1403		shell = "/bin/sh";
1404	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1405	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1406	if(fork() == 0) {
1407		if(fork() == 0) {
1408			if(dpy)
1409				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1410			setsid();
1411			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1412			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1413			perror(" failed");
1414		}
1415		exit(0);
1416	}
1417	wait(0);
1418}
1419
1420void
1421tag(const void *arg) {
1422	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1423		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1424		arrange();
1425	}
1426}
1427
1428uint
1429textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1430	XRectangle r;
1431
1432	if(dc.font.set) {
1433		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1434		return r.width;
1435	}
1436	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1437}
1438
1439void
1440tile(void) {
1441	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1442	uint i, n;
1443	Client *c;
1444
1445	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1446	if(n == 0)
1447		return;
1448
1449	/* master */
1450	c = nexttiled(clients);
1451	mw = mfact * ww;
1452	resize(c, wx, wy, ((n == 1) ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1453
1454	if(--n == 0)
1455		return;
1456
1457	/* tile stack */
1458	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : ww - mw;
1459	y = wy;
1460	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1461	h = wh / n;
1462	if(h < bh)
1463		h = wh;
1464
1465	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1466		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1467		       ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1468		if(h != wh)
1469			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1470	}
1471}
1472
1473void
1474togglebar(const void *arg) {
1475	showbar = !showbar;
1476	updategeom();
1477	updatebar();
1478	arrange();
1479}
1480
1481void
1482togglefloating(const void *arg) {
1483	if(!sel)
1484		return;
1485	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1486	if(sel->isfloating)
1487		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1488	arrange();
1489}
1490
1491void
1492togglelayout(const void *arg) {
1493	uint i;
1494
1495	if(!arg) {
1496		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1497			lt = &layouts[0];
1498	}
1499	else {
1500		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1501			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1502				break;
1503		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1504			return;
1505		lt = &layouts[i];
1506	}
1507	if(sel)
1508		arrange();
1509	else
1510		drawbar();
1511}
1512
1513void
1514togglemax(const void *arg) {
1515	domax = !domax;
1516	arrange();
1517}
1518
1519void
1520toggletag(const void *arg) {
1521	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1522		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1523		arrange();
1524	}
1525}
1526
1527void
1528toggleview(const void *arg) {
1529	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1530		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1531		arrange();
1532	}
1533}
1534
1535void
1536unmanage(Client *c) {
1537	XWindowChanges wc;
1538
1539	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1540	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1541	XGrabServer(dpy);
1542	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1543	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1544	detach(c);
1545	detachstack(c);
1546	if(sel == c)
1547		focus(NULL);
1548	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1549	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1550	free(c);
1551	XSync(dpy, False);
1552	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1553	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1554	arrange();
1555}
1556
1557void
1558unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1559	Client *c;
1560	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1561
1562	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1563		unmanage(c);
1564}
1565
1566void
1567updatebar(void) {
1568	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1569		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1570	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1571	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1572}
1573
1574void
1575updategeom(void) {
1576	int i;
1577#ifdef XINERAMA
1578	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1579
1580	/* window area geometry */
1581	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1582		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1583		wx = info[0].x_org;
1584		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1585		ww = info[0].width;
1586		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1587		XFree(info);
1588	}
1589	else
1590#endif
1591	{
1592		wx = sx;
1593		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1594		ww = sw;
1595		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1596	}
1597
1598	/* bar geometry */
1599	bx = wx;
1600	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1601	bw = ww;
1602}
1603
1604void
1605updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1606	long msize;
1607	XSizeHints size;
1608
1609	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1610		size.flags = PSize;
1611	c->flags = size.flags;
1612	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1613		c->basew = size.base_width;
1614		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1615	}
1616	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1617		c->basew = size.min_width;
1618		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1619	}
1620	else
1621		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1622	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1623		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1624		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1625	}
1626	else
1627		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1628	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1629		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1630		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1631	}
1632	else
1633		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1634	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1635		c->minw = size.min_width;
1636		c->minh = size.min_height;
1637	}
1638	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1639		c->minw = size.base_width;
1640		c->minh = size.base_height;
1641	}
1642	else
1643		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1644	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1645		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1646		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1647		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1648		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1649	}
1650	else
1651		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1652	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1653			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1654}
1655
1656void
1657updatetitle(Client *c) {
1658	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1659		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1660}
1661
1662void
1663updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1664	XWMHints *wmh;
1665
1666	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1667		if(c == sel)
1668			sel->isurgent = False;
1669		else
1670			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1671		XFree(wmh);
1672	}
1673}
1674
1675void
1676view(const void *arg) {
1677	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1678		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1679		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1680		arrange();
1681	}
1682}
1683
1684void
1685viewprevtag(const void *arg) {
1686	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1687	arrange();
1688}
1689
1690/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1691 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1692 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1693int
1694xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1695	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1696	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1697	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1698	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1699	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1700	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1701	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1702	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1703	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1704		return 0;
1705	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1706			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1707	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1708}
1709
1710int
1711xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1712	return 0;
1713}
1714
1715/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1716 * is already running. */
1717int
1718xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1719	otherwm = True;
1720	return -1;
1721}
1722
1723void
1724zoom(const void *arg) {
1725	Client *c = sel;
1726
1727	if(!lt->arrange || sel->isfloating)
1728		return;
1729	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1730		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1731			return;
1732	detach(c);
1733	attach(c);
1734	focus(c);
1735	arrange();
1736}
1737
1738int
1739main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1740	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1741		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1742	else if(argc != 1)
1743		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1744
1745	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1746	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1747		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1748
1749	checkotherwm();
1750	setup();
1751	scan();
1752	run();
1753	cleanup();
1754
1755	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1756	return 0;
1757}