1//#define XINULATOR /* debug, simulates dual head */
   2/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   3 *
   4 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   5 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   6 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   7 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   8 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   9 *
  10 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  11 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  12 * in O(1) time.
  13 *
  14 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  15 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  16 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  17 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  18 * client.
  19 *
  20 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  21 *
  22 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  23 */
  24#include <errno.h>
  25#include <locale.h>
  26#include <stdarg.h>
  27#include <signal.h>
  28#include <stdio.h>
  29#include <stdlib.h>
  30#include <string.h>
  31#include <unistd.h>
  32#include <sys/types.h>
  33#include <sys/wait.h>
  34#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  35#include <X11/keysym.h>
  36#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  37#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  38#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  39#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  40#ifdef XINERAMA
  41#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  42#endif /* XINERAMA */
  43
  44/* macros */
  45#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  48#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  49#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  50#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  52#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  55#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66typedef union {
  67	int i;
  68	unsigned int ui;
  69	float f;
  70	void *v;
  71} Arg;
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	unsigned int click;
  75	unsigned int mask;
  76	unsigned int button;
  77	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78	const Arg arg;
  79} Button;
  80
  81typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  82typedef struct Client Client;
  83struct Client {
  84	char name[256];
  85	float mina, maxa;
  86	int x, y, w, h;
  87	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  88	int bw, oldbw;
  89	unsigned int tags;
  90	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  91	Client *next;
  92	Client *snext;
  93	Monitor *mon;
  94	Window win;
  95};
  96
  97typedef struct {
  98	int x, y, w, h;
  99	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 100	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 101	Drawable drawable;
 102	GC gc;
 103	struct {
 104		int ascent;
 105		int descent;
 106		int height;
 107		XFontSet set;
 108		XFontStruct *xfont;
 109	} font;
 110} DC; /* draw context */
 111
 112typedef struct {
 113	unsigned int mod;
 114	KeySym keysym;
 115	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 116	const Arg arg;
 117} Key;
 118
 119typedef struct {
 120	const char *symbol;
 121	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 122} Layout;
 123
 124struct Monitor {
 125	int screen_number;
 126	float mfact;
 127	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 128	int my, mh;           /* vertical screen size*/
 129	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 130	unsigned int seltags;
 131	unsigned int sellt;
 132	unsigned int tagset[2];
 133	Bool showbar;
 134	Bool topbar;
 135	Client *clients;
 136	Client *sel;
 137	Client *stack;
 138	Monitor *next;
 139	Window barwin;
 140};
 141
 142typedef struct {
 143	const char *class;
 144	const char *instance;
 145	const char *title;
 146	unsigned int tags;
 147	Bool isfloating;
 148} Rule;
 149
 150/* function declarations */
 151static void applyrules(Client *c);
 152static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 153static void arrange(void);
 154static void attach(Client *c);
 155static void attachstack(Client *c);
 156static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 157static void checkotherwm(void);
 158static void cleanup(void);
 159static void cleanupmons(void);
 160static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 161static void configure(Client *c);
 162static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 163static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 164static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 165static void detach(Client *c);
 166static void detachstack(Client *c);
 167static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 168static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 169static void drawbars();
 170static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 171static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 172static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 173static void expose(XEvent *e);
 174static void focus(Client *c);
 175static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 176static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 177static Client *getclient(Window w);
 178static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 179static long getstate(Window w);
 180static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 181static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 182static void grabkeys(void);
 183static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 184static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 185static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 186static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 187static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 188static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 189static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 190static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 191static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 192static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 193static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 195static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 196static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 197static void restack(Monitor *m);
 198static void run(void);
 199static void scan(void);
 200static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 201static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 202static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 203static void setup(void);
 204static void showhide(Client *c);
 205static void sigchld(int signal);
 206static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 207static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 208static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 209static void tile(Monitor *);
 210static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 211static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 212static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 213static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 214static void unmanage(Client *c);
 215static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 216static void updategeom(void);
 217static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 218static void updatebars(void);
 219static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 220static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 221static void updatestatus(void);
 222static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 223static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 224static void view(const Arg *arg);
 225static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 226static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 227static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 228static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 229#ifdef XINERAMA
 230static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 231static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 232#endif /* XINERAMA */
 233
 234/* variables */
 235static char stext[256];
 236static int screen;
 237static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 238static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 239static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 240static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 241static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 242	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 243	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 244	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 245	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 246	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 247	[Expose] = expose,
 248	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 249	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 250	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 251	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 252	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 253	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 254};
 255static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 256static Bool otherwm;
 257static Bool running = True;
 258static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 259static Display *dpy;
 260static DC dc;
 261static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 262static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 263static Window root;
 264/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 265#include "config.h"
 266
 267/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 268struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 269
 270/* function implementations */
 271void
 272applyrules(Client *c) {
 273	unsigned int i;
 274	Rule *r;
 275	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 276
 277	/* rule matching */
 278	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 279	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 280		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 281			r = &rules[i];
 282			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 283			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 284			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 285				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 286				c->tags |= r->tags;
 287			}
 288		}
 289		if(ch.res_class)
 290			XFree(ch.res_class);
 291		if(ch.res_name)
 292			XFree(ch.res_name);
 293	}
 294	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 295}
 296
 297Bool
 298applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 299	Bool baseismin;
 300
 301	/* set minimum possible */
 302	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 303	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 304
 305	if(*x > sx + sw)
 306		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 307	if(*y > sy + sh)
 308		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 309	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 310		*x = sx;
 311	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 312		*y = sy;
 313	if(*h < bh)
 314		*h = bh;
 315	if(*w < bh)
 316		*w = bh;
 317
 318	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 319		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 320		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 321
 322		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 323			*w -= c->basew;
 324			*h -= c->baseh;
 325		}
 326
 327		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 328		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 329			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 330				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 331			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 332				*h = *w * c->mina;
 333		}
 334
 335		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 336			*w -= c->basew;
 337			*h -= c->baseh;
 338		}
 339
 340		/* adjust for increment value */
 341		if(c->incw)
 342			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 343		if(c->inch)
 344			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 345
 346		/* restore base dimensions */
 347		*w += c->basew;
 348		*h += c->baseh;
 349
 350		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 351		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 352
 353		if(c->maxw)
 354			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 355
 356		if(c->maxh)
 357			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 358	}
 359	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 360}
 361
 362void
 363arrange(void) {
 364	Monitor *m;
 365
 366	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 367	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 368		showhide(m->stack);
 369	focus(NULL);
 370	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 371		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 372			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 373		restack(m);
 374	}
 375}
 376
 377void
 378attach(Client *c) {
 379	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 380	c->mon->clients = c;
 381}
 382
 383void
 384attachstack(Client *c) {
 385	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 386	c->mon->stack = c;
 387}
 388
 389void
 390buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 391	unsigned int i, x, click;
 392	Arg arg = {0};
 393	Client *c;
 394	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 395
 396	click = ClkRootWin;
 397	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 398		i = 0;
 399		x = selmon->btx;
 400		do
 401			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 402		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 403		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 404			click = ClkTagBar;
 405			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 406		}
 407		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 408			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 409		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 410			click = ClkStatusText;
 411		else
 412			click = ClkWinTitle;
 413	}
 414	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 415		focus(c);
 416		click = ClkClientWin;
 417	}
 418
 419	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 420		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 421		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 422			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 423}
 424
 425void
 426checkotherwm(void) {
 427	otherwm = False;
 428	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 429
 430	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 431	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 432	XSync(dpy, False);
 433	if(otherwm)
 434		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 435	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 436	XSync(dpy, False);
 437}
 438
 439void
 440cleanup(void) {
 441	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 442	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 443	Monitor *m;
 444
 445	view(&a);
 446	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 447
 448	/* TODO: consider simplifying cleanup code of the stack, perhaps do that in cleanmons() ? */
 449	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 450		while(m->stack)
 451			unmanage(m->stack);
 452	if(dc.font.set)
 453		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 454	else
 455		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 456	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 457	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 458	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 459	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 460	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 461	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 462	cleanupmons();
 463	XSync(dpy, False);
 464	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 465}
 466
 467void
 468cleanupmons(void) {
 469	Monitor *m;
 470
 471	while(mons) {
 472		m = mons->next;
 473		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 474		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 475		free(mons);
 476		mons = m;
 477	}
 478}
 479
 480void
 481clearurgent(Client *c) {
 482	XWMHints *wmh;
 483
 484	c->isurgent = False;
 485	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 486		return;
 487	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 488	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 489	XFree(wmh);
 490}
 491
 492void
 493configure(Client *c) {
 494	XConfigureEvent ce;
 495
 496	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 497	ce.display = dpy;
 498	ce.event = c->win;
 499	ce.window = c->win;
 500	ce.x = c->x;
 501	ce.y = c->y;
 502	ce.width = c->w;
 503	ce.height = c->h;
 504	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 505	ce.above = None;
 506	ce.override_redirect = False;
 507	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 508}
 509
 510void
 511configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 512	Monitor *m;
 513	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 514
 515	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 516		sw = ev->width;
 517		sh = ev->height;
 518		updategeom();
 519		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 520			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 521		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 522		updatebars();
 523		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 524			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 525		arrange();
 526	}
 527}
 528
 529void
 530configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 531	Client *c;
 532	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 533	XWindowChanges wc;
 534
 535	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 536		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 537			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 538		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 539			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 540				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 541			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 542				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 543			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 544				c->w = ev->width;
 545			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 546				c->h = ev->height;
 547			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 548				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 549			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 550				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 551			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 552				configure(c);
 553			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 554				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 555		}
 556		else
 557			configure(c);
 558	}
 559	else {
 560		wc.x = ev->x;
 561		wc.y = ev->y;
 562		wc.width = ev->width;
 563		wc.height = ev->height;
 564		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 565		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 566		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 567		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 568	}
 569	XSync(dpy, False);
 570}
 571
 572void
 573destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 574	Client *c;
 575	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 576
 577	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 578		unmanage(c);
 579}
 580
 581void
 582detach(Client *c) {
 583	Client **tc;
 584
 585	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 586	*tc = c->next;
 587}
 588
 589void
 590detachstack(Client *c) {
 591	Client **tc;
 592
 593	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 594	*tc = c->snext;
 595}
 596
 597void
 598die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 599	va_list ap;
 600
 601	va_start(ap, errstr);
 602	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 603	va_end(ap);
 604	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 605}
 606
 607void
 608drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 609	int x;
 610	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 611	unsigned long *col;
 612	Client *c;
 613
 614	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 615		occ |= c->tags;
 616		if(c->isurgent)
 617			urg |= c->tags;
 618	}
 619
 620	dc.x = 0;
 621#ifdef XINERAMA
 622	{
 623		char buf[2];
 624		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 625		buf[1] = '\0';
 626		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 627		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 628		dc.x += dc.w;
 629	}
 630#endif /* XINERAMA */
 631	m->btx = dc.x;
 632	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 633		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 634		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 635		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 636		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 637		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 638		dc.x += dc.w;
 639	}
 640	if(blw > 0) {
 641		dc.w = blw;
 642		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 643		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 644	}
 645	else
 646		x = dc.x;
 647	if(m == selmon) {
 648		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 649		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 650		if(dc.x < x) {
 651			dc.x = x;
 652			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 653		}
 654		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 655		if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 656			dc.x = x;
 657			if(selmon->sel) {
 658				drawtext(selmon->sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 659				drawsquare(selmon->sel->isfixed, selmon->sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 660			}
 661			else
 662				drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 663		}
 664	}
 665	else {
 666		dc.x = x;
 667		dc.w = m->ww - x;
 668		drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 669	}
 670	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 671	XSync(dpy, False);
 672}
 673
 674void
 675drawbars() {
 676	Monitor *m;
 677
 678	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 679		drawbar(m);
 680}
 681
 682void
 683drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 684	int x;
 685	XGCValues gcv;
 686	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 687
 688	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 689	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 690	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 691	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 692	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 693	if(filled) {
 694		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 695		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 696	}
 697	else if(empty) {
 698		r.width = r.height = x;
 699		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 700	}
 701}
 702
 703void
 704drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 705	char buf[256];
 706	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 707	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 708
 709	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 710	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 711	if(!text)
 712		return;
 713	olen = strlen(text);
 714	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 715	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 716	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 717	/* shorten text if necessary */
 718	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 719	if(!len)
 720		return;
 721	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 722	if(len < olen)
 723		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 724	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 725	if(dc.font.set)
 726		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 727	else
 728		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 729}
 730
 731void
 732enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 733	Client *c;
 734	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 735
 736	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 737		return;
 738	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 739		focus(c);
 740	else
 741		focus(NULL);
 742}
 743
 744void
 745expose(XEvent *e) {
 746	Monitor *m;
 747	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 748
 749	if(ev->count == 0)
 750		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 751			if(ev->window == m->barwin) {
 752				drawbar(m);
 753				break;
 754			}
 755}
 756
 757void
 758focus(Client *c) {
 759	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 760		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 761	if(selmon->sel && selmon->sel != c) {
 762		grabbuttons(selmon->sel, False);
 763		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, selmon->sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 764	}
 765	if(c) {
 766		if(c->isurgent)
 767			clearurgent(c);
 768		detachstack(c);
 769		attachstack(c);
 770		grabbuttons(c, True);
 771		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 772		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 773	}
 774	else
 775		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 776	selmon->sel = c;
 777	drawbars();
 778}
 779
 780void
 781focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 782	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 783
 784	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 785		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 786}
 787
 788#ifdef XINERAMA
 789void
 790focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 791	unsigned int i;
 792	Monitor *m; 
 793
 794	for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
 795		if(i == arg->ui) {
 796			selmon = m;
 797			focus(NULL);
 798			drawbars();
 799			break;
 800		}
 801}
 802#endif /* XINERAMA */
 803
 804void
 805focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 806	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 807
 808	if(!selmon->sel)
 809		return;
 810	if(arg->i > 0) {
 811		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 812		if(!c)
 813			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 814	}
 815	else {
 816		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 817			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 818				c = i;
 819		if(!c)
 820			for(; i; i = i->next)
 821				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 822					c = i;
 823	}
 824	if(c) {
 825		focus(c);
 826		restack(selmon);
 827	}
 828}
 829
 830Client *
 831getclient(Window w) {
 832	Client *c;
 833	Monitor *m;
 834
 835	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 836		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
 837			if(c->win == w)
 838				return c;
 839	return NULL;
 840}
 841
 842unsigned long
 843getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 844	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 845	XColor color;
 846
 847	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 848		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 849	return color.pixel;
 850}
 851
 852long
 853getstate(Window w) {
 854	int format, status;
 855	long result = -1;
 856	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 857	unsigned long n, extra;
 858	Atom real;
 859
 860	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 861			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 862	if(status != Success)
 863		return -1;
 864	if(n != 0)
 865		result = *p;
 866	XFree(p);
 867	return result;
 868}
 869
 870Bool
 871gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 872	char **list = NULL;
 873	int n;
 874	XTextProperty name;
 875
 876	if(!text || size == 0)
 877		return False;
 878	text[0] = '\0';
 879	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 880	if(!name.nitems)
 881		return False;
 882	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 883		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 884	else {
 885		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 886		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 887			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 888			XFreeStringList(list);
 889		}
 890	}
 891	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 892	XFree(name.value);
 893	return True;
 894}
 895
 896void
 897grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 898	updatenumlockmask();
 899	{
 900		unsigned int i, j;
 901		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 902		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 903		if(focused) {
 904			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 905				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 906					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 907						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 908						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 909						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 910						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 911		} else
 912			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 913			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 914	}
 915}
 916
 917void
 918grabkeys(void) {
 919	updatenumlockmask();
 920	{ /* grab keys */
 921		unsigned int i, j;
 922		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 923		KeyCode code;
 924
 925		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 926		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 927			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 928				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 929					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 930						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 931		}
 932	}
 933}
 934
 935void
 936initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 937	char *def, **missing;
 938	int i, n;
 939
 940	missing = NULL;
 941	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 942	if(missing) {
 943		while(n--)
 944			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 945		XFreeStringList(missing);
 946	}
 947	if(dc.font.set) {
 948		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 949		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 950		char **font_names;
 951		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 952		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 953		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 954		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 955			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 956			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 957			xfonts++;
 958		}
 959	}
 960	else {
 961		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 962		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 963			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 964		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 965		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 966	}
 967	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 968}
 969
 970Bool
 971isprotodel(Client *c) {
 972	int i, n;
 973	Atom *protocols;
 974	Bool ret = False;
 975
 976	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 977		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 978			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 979				ret = True;
 980		XFree(protocols);
 981	}
 982	return ret;
 983}
 984
 985void
 986keypress(XEvent *e) {
 987	unsigned int i;
 988	KeySym keysym;
 989	XKeyEvent *ev;
 990
 991	ev = &e->xkey;
 992	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 993	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 994		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 995		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 996		   && keys[i].func)
 997			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 998}
 999
1000void
1001killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1002	XEvent ev;
1003
1004	if(!selmon->sel)
1005		return;
1006	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1007		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1008		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1009		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1010		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1011		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1012		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1013		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1014	}
1015	else
1016		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1017}
1018
1019void
1020manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1021	static Client cz;
1022	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1023	Window trans = None;
1024	XWindowChanges wc;
1025
1026	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1027		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1028	*c = cz;
1029	c->win = w;
1030	c->mon = selmon;
1031
1032	/* geometry */
1033	c->x = wa->x;
1034	c->y = wa->y;
1035	c->w = wa->width;
1036	c->h = wa->height;
1037	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1038	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1039		c->x = sx;
1040		c->y = sy;
1041		c->bw = 0;
1042	}
1043	else {
1044		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
1045			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
1046		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
1047			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
1048		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
1049		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1050		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1051		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
1052		c->bw = borderpx;
1053	}
1054
1055	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1056	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1057	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1058	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1059	updatesizehints(c);
1060	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1061	grabbuttons(c, False);
1062	updatetitle(c);
1063	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1064		t = getclient(trans);
1065	if(t)
1066		c->tags = t->tags;
1067	else
1068		applyrules(c);
1069	if(!c->isfloating)
1070		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1071	if(c->isfloating)
1072		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1073	attach(c);
1074	attachstack(c);
1075	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1076	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1077	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1078	arrange();
1079}
1080
1081void
1082mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1083	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1084
1085	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1086	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1087		grabkeys();
1088}
1089
1090void
1091maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1092	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1093	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1094
1095	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1096		return;
1097	if(wa.override_redirect)
1098		return;
1099	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1100		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1101}
1102
1103void
1104monocle(Monitor *m) {
1105	Client *c;
1106
1107	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1108		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1109}
1110
1111void
1112movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1113	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1114	unsigned int dui;
1115	Client *c;
1116	Window dummy;
1117	XEvent ev;
1118
1119	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1120		return;
1121	restack(selmon);
1122	ocx = c->x;
1123	ocy = c->y;
1124	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1125	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1126		return;
1127	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1128	do {
1129		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1130		switch (ev.type) {
1131		case ConfigureRequest:
1132		case Expose:
1133		case MapRequest:
1134			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1135			break;
1136		case MotionNotify:
1137			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1138			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1139			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1140			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1141				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1142					nx = selmon->wx;
1143				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1144					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1145				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1146					ny = selmon->wy;
1147				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1148					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1149				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1150				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1151					togglefloating(NULL);
1152			}
1153			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1154				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1155			break;
1156		}
1157	}
1158	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1159	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1160}
1161
1162Client *
1163nexttiled(Client *c) {
1164	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1165	return c;
1166}
1167
1168void
1169propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1170	Client *c;
1171	Window trans;
1172	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1173
1174	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1175		updatestatus();
1176	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1177		return; /* ignore */
1178	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1179		switch (ev->atom) {
1180		default: break;
1181		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1182			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1183			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1184				arrange();
1185			break;
1186		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1187			updatesizehints(c);
1188			break;
1189		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1190			updatewmhints(c);
1191			drawbars();
1192			break;
1193		}
1194		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1195			updatetitle(c);
1196			if(c == selmon->sel)
1197				drawbars();
1198		}
1199	}
1200}
1201
1202void
1203quit(const Arg *arg) {
1204	running = False;
1205}
1206
1207void
1208resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1209	XWindowChanges wc;
1210
1211	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1212		c->x = wc.x = x;
1213		c->y = wc.y = y;
1214		c->w = wc.width = w;
1215		c->h = wc.height = h;
1216		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1217		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1218				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1219		configure(c);
1220		XSync(dpy, False);
1221	}
1222}
1223
1224void
1225resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1226	int ocx, ocy;
1227	int nw, nh;
1228	Client *c;
1229	XEvent ev;
1230
1231	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1232		return;
1233	restack(selmon);
1234	ocx = c->x;
1235	ocy = c->y;
1236	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1237	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1238		return;
1239	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1240	do {
1241		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1242		switch(ev.type) {
1243		case ConfigureRequest:
1244		case Expose:
1245		case MapRequest:
1246			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1247			break;
1248		case MotionNotify:
1249			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1250			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1251
1252			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1253			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1254				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1255				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1256					togglefloating(NULL);
1257			}
1258			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1259				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1260			break;
1261		}
1262	}
1263	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1264	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1265	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1266	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1267}
1268
1269void
1270restack(Monitor *m) {
1271	Client *c;
1272	XEvent ev;
1273	XWindowChanges wc;
1274
1275	drawbars();
1276	if(!m->sel)
1277		return;
1278	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1279		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1280	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1281		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1282		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1283		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1284			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1285				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1286				wc.sibling = c->win;
1287			}
1288	}
1289	XSync(dpy, False);
1290	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1291}
1292
1293void
1294run(void) {
1295	XEvent ev;
1296
1297	/* main event loop */
1298	XSync(dpy, False);
1299	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1300		if(handler[ev.type])
1301			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1302	}
1303}
1304
1305void
1306scan(void) {
1307	unsigned int i, num;
1308	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1309	XWindowAttributes wa;
1310
1311	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1312		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1313			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1314			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1315				continue;
1316			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1317				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1318		}
1319		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1320			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1321				continue;
1322			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1323			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1324				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1325		}
1326		if(wins)
1327			XFree(wins);
1328	}
1329}
1330
1331void
1332setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1333	long data[] = {state, None};
1334
1335	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1336			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1337}
1338
1339void
1340setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1341	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1342		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1343	if(arg && arg->v)
1344		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1345	if(selmon->sel)
1346		arrange();
1347	else
1348		drawbars();
1349}
1350
1351/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1352void
1353setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1354	float f;
1355
1356	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1357		return;
1358	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1359	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1360		return;
1361	selmon->mfact = f;
1362	arrange();
1363}
1364
1365void
1366setup(void) {
1367	unsigned int i;
1368	int w;
1369	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1370
1371	/* init screen */
1372	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1373	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1374	initfont(font);
1375	sx = 0;
1376	sy = 0;
1377	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1378	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1379	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1380	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1381	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1382	updategeom();
1383
1384	/* init atoms */
1385	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1386	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1387	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1388	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1389	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1390
1391	/* init cursors */
1392	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1393	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1394	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1395
1396	/* init appearance */
1397	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1398	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1399	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1400	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1401	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1402	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1403	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1404	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1405	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1406	if(!dc.font.set)
1407		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1408
1409	/* init bars */
1410	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1411		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1412		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1413	}
1414	updatebars();
1415	updatestatus();
1416
1417	/* EWMH support per view */
1418	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1419			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1420
1421	/* select for events */
1422	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1423	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1424			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1425			|PropertyChangeMask;
1426	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1427	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1428
1429	grabkeys();
1430}
1431
1432void
1433showhide(Client *c) {
1434	if(!c)
1435		return;
1436	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1437		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1438		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1439			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1440		showhide(c->snext);
1441	}
1442	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1443		showhide(c->snext);
1444		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1445	}
1446}
1447
1448
1449void
1450sigchld(int signal) {
1451	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1452}
1453
1454void
1455spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1456	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1457	if(fork() == 0) {
1458		if(dpy)
1459			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1460		setsid();
1461		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1462		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1463		perror(" failed");
1464		exit(0);
1465	}
1466}
1467
1468void
1469tag(const Arg *arg) {
1470	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1471		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1472		arrange();
1473	}
1474}
1475
1476#ifdef XINERAMA
1477void
1478tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1479	unsigned int i;
1480	Client *c;
1481	Monitor *m;
1482
1483	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1484		return;
1485	for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
1486		if(i == arg->ui) {
1487			detach(c);
1488			detachstack(c);
1489			c->mon = m;
1490			attach(c);
1491			attachstack(c);
1492			selmon->sel = selmon->stack;
1493			m->sel = c;
1494			arrange();
1495			break;
1496		}
1497}
1498#endif /* XINERAMA */
1499
1500int
1501textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1502	XRectangle r;
1503
1504	if(dc.font.set) {
1505		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1506		return r.width;
1507	}
1508	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1509}
1510
1511void
1512tile(Monitor *m) {
1513	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1514	unsigned int i, n;
1515	Client *c;
1516
1517	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1518	if(n == 0)
1519		return;
1520
1521	/* master */
1522	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1523	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1524	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1525
1526	if(--n == 0)
1527		return;
1528
1529	/* tile stack */
1530	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1531	y = m->wy;
1532	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1533	h = m->wh / n;
1534	if(h < bh)
1535		h = m->wh;
1536
1537	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1538		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1539		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1540		if(h != m->wh)
1541			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1542	}
1543}
1544
1545void
1546togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1547	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1548	updatebarpos(selmon);
1549	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1550	arrange();
1551}
1552
1553void
1554togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1555	if(!selmon->sel)
1556		return;
1557	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1558	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1559		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1560	arrange();
1561}
1562
1563void
1564toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1565	unsigned int mask;
1566
1567	if(!selmon->sel)
1568		return;
1569	
1570	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1571	if(mask) {
1572		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1573		arrange();
1574	}
1575}
1576
1577void
1578toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1579	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1580
1581	if(mask) {
1582		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1583		arrange();
1584	}
1585}
1586
1587void
1588unmanage(Client *c) {
1589	XWindowChanges wc;
1590
1591	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1592	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1593	XGrabServer(dpy);
1594	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1595	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1596	detach(c);
1597	detachstack(c);
1598	if(c->mon->sel == c) {
1599		c->mon->sel = c->mon->stack;
1600		focus(NULL);
1601	}
1602	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1603	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1604	free(c);
1605	XSync(dpy, False);
1606	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1607	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1608	arrange();
1609}
1610
1611void
1612unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1613	Client *c;
1614	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1615
1616	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1617		unmanage(c);
1618}
1619
1620void
1621updatebars(void) {
1622	Monitor *m;
1623	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1624
1625	wa.override_redirect = True;
1626	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1627	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1628
1629	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1630		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1631
1632		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1633		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1634		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1635		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1636	}
1637}
1638
1639void
1640updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1641	m->wy = m->my;
1642	m->wh = m->mh;
1643	if(m->showbar) {
1644		m->wh -= bh;
1645		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1646		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1647	}
1648	else
1649		m->by = -bh;
1650}
1651
1652void
1653updategeom(void) {
1654	int i, di, n = 1, x, y;
1655	unsigned int dui;
1656	Client *c;
1657	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1658	Window dummy;
1659
1660#ifdef XINULATOR
1661	n = 2;
1662#elif defined(XINERAMA)
1663	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1664
1665	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1666		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1667#endif
1668	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1669	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1670		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1671		m->next = newmons;
1672		newmons = m;
1673	}
1674
1675	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1676#ifdef XINULATOR
1677	if(1) {
1678		m = newmons;
1679		m->screen_number = 0;
1680		m->wx = sx;
1681		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1682		m->ww = sw;
1683		m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1684		m = newmons->next;
1685		m->screen_number = 1;
1686		m->wx = sx;
1687		m->my = m->wy = sy + sh / 2;
1688		m->ww = sw;
1689		m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1690	}
1691	else
1692#elif defined(XINERAMA)
1693	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1694		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1695			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1696			m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1697			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1698			m->ww = info[i].width;
1699			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1700		}
1701		XFree(info);
1702	}
1703	else
1704#endif
1705	/* default monitor setup */
1706	{
1707		m->screen_number = 0;
1708		m->wx = sx;
1709		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1710		m->ww = sw;
1711		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1712	}
1713
1714	/* bar geometry setup */
1715	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1716		/* TODO: consider removing the following values from config.h */
1717		m->clients = NULL;
1718		m->sel = NULL;
1719		m->stack = NULL;
1720		m->seltags = 0;
1721		m->sellt = 0;
1722		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1723		m->mfact = mfact;
1724		m->showbar = showbar;
1725		m->topbar = topbar;
1726		updatebarpos(m);
1727	}
1728
1729	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1730	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next) {
1731		while(tm->clients) {
1732			c = tm->clients;
1733			tm->clients = c->next;
1734			detachstack(c);
1735			c->mon = newmons;
1736			attach(c);
1737			attachstack(c);
1738		}
1739	}
1740
1741	/* select focused monitor */
1742	selmon = newmons;
1743	if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui)) 
1744		for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next)
1745			if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh)) {
1746				selmon = m;
1747				break;
1748			}
1749
1750	/* final assignment of new monitors */
1751	cleanupmons();
1752	mons = newmons;
1753}
1754
1755void
1756updatenumlockmask(void) {
1757	unsigned int i, j;
1758	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1759
1760	numlockmask = 0;
1761	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1762	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1763		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1764			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1765			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1766				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1767	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1768}
1769
1770void
1771updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1772	long msize;
1773	XSizeHints size;
1774
1775	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1776		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1777		size.flags = PSize;
1778	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1779		c->basew = size.base_width;
1780		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1781	}
1782	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1783		c->basew = size.min_width;
1784		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1785	}
1786	else
1787		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1788	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1789		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1790		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1791	}
1792	else
1793		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1794	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1795		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1796		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1797	}
1798	else
1799		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1800	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1801		c->minw = size.min_width;
1802		c->minh = size.min_height;
1803	}
1804	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1805		c->minw = size.base_width;
1806		c->minh = size.base_height;
1807	}
1808	else
1809		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1810	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1811		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1812		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1813	}
1814	else
1815		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1816	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1817	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1818}
1819
1820void
1821updatetitle(Client *c) {
1822	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1823		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1824}
1825
1826void
1827updatestatus() {
1828	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1829		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1830	drawbar(selmon);
1831}
1832
1833void
1834updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1835	XWMHints *wmh;
1836
1837	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1838		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1839			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1840			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1841		}
1842		else
1843			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1844
1845		XFree(wmh);
1846	}
1847}
1848
1849void
1850view(const Arg *arg) {
1851	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1852		return;
1853	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1854	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1855		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1856	arrange();
1857}
1858
1859/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1860 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1861 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1862int
1863xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1864	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1865	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1866	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1867	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1868	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1869	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1870	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1871	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1872	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1873		return 0;
1874	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1875			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1876	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1877}
1878
1879int
1880xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1881	return 0;
1882}
1883
1884/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1885 * is already running. */
1886int
1887xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1888	otherwm = True;
1889	return -1;
1890}
1891
1892void
1893zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1894	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1895
1896	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1897		return;
1898	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1899		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1900			return;
1901	detach(c);
1902	attach(c);
1903	focus(c);
1904	arrange();
1905}
1906
1907int
1908main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1909	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1910		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1911	else if(argc != 1)
1912		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1913
1914	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1915		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1916
1917	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1918		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1919
1920	checkotherwm();
1921	setup();
1922	scan();
1923	run();
1924	cleanup();
1925
1926	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1927	return 0;
1928}