1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.  For each client dwm
  21 * creates a small title window, which is resized whenever the (_NET_)WM_NAME
  22 * properties are updated or the client is moved/resized.
  23 *
  24 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  25 *
  26 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  27 */
  28#include <errno.h>
  29#include <locale.h>
  30#include <stdarg.h>
  31#include <stdio.h>
  32#include <stdlib.h>
  33#include <string.h>
  34#include <unistd.h>
  35#include <sys/select.h>
  36#include <sys/types.h>
  37#include <sys/wait.h>
  38#include <regex.h>
  39#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  40#include <X11/keysym.h>
  41#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  42#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  43#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  44#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
  48#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
  49#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
  50
  51/* enums */
  52enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags;
  67	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101} Layout;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *prop;
 105	const char *tags;
 106	Bool isfloating;
 107} Rule;
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	regex_t *propregex;
 111	regex_t *tagregex;
 112} Regs;
 113
 114/* forward declarations */
 115void applyrules(Client *c);
 116void arrange(void);
 117void attach(Client *c);
 118void attachstack(Client *c);
 119void ban(Client *c);
 120void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 121void checkotherwm(void);
 122void cleanup(void);
 123void compileregs(void);
 124void configure(Client *c);
 125void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 126void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 127void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 128void detach(Client *c);
 129void detachstack(Client *c);
 130void drawbar(void);
 131void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 132void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 133void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 134void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 135void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 136void expose(XEvent *e);
 137void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusnext(const char *arg);
 140void focusprev(const char *arg);
 141Client *getclient(Window w);
 142unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 143long getstate(Window w);
 144Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 145void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 146unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
 147void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 148Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
 149Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const char *arg);
 154void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
 155void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 156void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 157void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 158void movemouse(Client *c);
 159Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 160void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 161void quit(const char *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setlayout(const char *arg);
 169void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 170void setup(void);
 171void spawn(const char *arg);
 172void tag(const char *arg);
 173unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 174unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 175void tile(void);
 176void togglebar(const char *arg);
 177void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 178void togglemax(const char *arg);
 179void toggletag(const char *arg);
 180void toggleview(const char *arg);
 181void unban(Client *c);
 182void unmanage(Client *c);
 183void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 184void updatebarpos(void);
 185void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 186void updatetitle(Client *c);
 187void view(const char *arg);
 188int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191void zoom(const char *arg);
 192
 193/* variables */
 194char stext[256];
 195double mwfact;
 196int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
 197int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 198unsigned int bh, bpos, ntags;
 199unsigned int blw = 0;
 200unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
 201unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
 202unsigned int nrules = 0;
 203unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 204void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 205	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 206	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 207	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 208	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 209	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 210	[LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 211	[Expose] = expose,
 212	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 213	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 214	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 215	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 216	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 217};
 218Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 219Bool otherwm, readin;
 220Bool running = True;
 221Bool *seltags;
 222Bool selscreen = True;
 223Client *clients = NULL;
 224Client *sel = NULL;
 225Client *stack = NULL;
 226Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227Display *dpy;
 228DC dc = {0};
 229Window barwin, root;
 230Regs *regs = NULL;
 231
 232/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 233#include "config.h"
 234
 235/* functions*/
 236void
 237applyrules(Client *c) {
 238	static char buf[512];
 239	unsigned int i, j;
 240	regmatch_t tmp;
 241	Bool matched = False;
 242	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 243
 244	/* rule matching */
 245	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 246	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
 247			ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
 248			ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
 249	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
 250		if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 251			c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
 252			for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < ntags; j++) {
 253				if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 254					matched = True;
 255					c->tags[j] = True;
 256				}
 257			}
 258		}
 259	if(ch.res_class)
 260		XFree(ch.res_class);
 261	if(ch.res_name)
 262		XFree(ch.res_name);
 263	if(!matched)
 264		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 265			c->tags[i] = seltags[i];
 266}
 267
 268void
 269arrange(void) {
 270	Client *c;
 271
 272	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 273		if(isvisible(c))
 274			unban(c);
 275		else
 276			ban(c);
 277	layouts[ltidx].arrange();
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	restack();
 280}
 281
 282void
 283attach(Client *c) {
 284	if(clients)
 285		clients->prev = c;
 286	c->next = clients;
 287	clients = c;
 288}
 289
 290void
 291attachstack(Client *c) {
 292	c->snext = stack;
 293	stack = c;
 294}
 295
 296void
 297ban(Client *c) {
 298	if(c->isbanned)
 299		return;
 300	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 301	c->isbanned = True;
 302}
 303
 304void
 305buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 306	unsigned int i, x;
 307	Client *c;
 308	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 309
 310	if(barwin == ev->window) {
 311		x = 0;
 312		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
 313			x += textw(tags[i]);
 314			if(ev->x < x) {
 315				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 316					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 317						tag(tags[i]);
 318					else
 319						view(tags[i]);
 320				}
 321				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 322					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 323						toggletag(tags[i]);
 324					else
 325						toggleview(tags[i]);
 326				}
 327				return;
 328			}
 329		}
 330		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 331			setlayout(NULL);
 332	}
 333	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 334		focus(c);
 335		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 336			return;
 337		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 338			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 339				restack();
 340			else
 341				togglefloating(NULL);
 342			movemouse(c);
 343		}
 344		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 345			if(ISTILE && !c->isfixed && c->isfloating)
 346				togglefloating(NULL);
 347			else
 348				zoom(NULL);
 349		}
 350		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 351			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 352				restack();
 353			else
 354				togglefloating(NULL);
 355			resizemouse(c);
 356		}
 357	}
 358}
 359
 360void
 361checkotherwm(void) {
 362	otherwm = False;
 363	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 364
 365	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 366	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
 367	XSync(dpy, False);
 368	if(otherwm)
 369		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 370	XSync(dpy, False);
 371	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 372	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 373	XSync(dpy, False);
 374}
 375
 376void
 377cleanup(void) {
 378	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 379	while(stack) {
 380		unban(stack);
 381		unmanage(stack);
 382	}
 383	if(dc.font.set)
 384		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 385	else
 386		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 387	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 388	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 389	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 390	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 391	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 392	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 393	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 394	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 395	XSync(dpy, False);
 396	free(seltags);
 397}
 398
 399void
 400compileregs(void) {
 401	unsigned int i;
 402	regex_t *reg;
 403
 404	if(regs)
 405		return;
 406	nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
 407	regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
 408	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
 409		if(rules[i].prop) {
 410			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 411			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
 412				free(reg);
 413			else
 414				regs[i].propregex = reg;
 415		}
 416		if(rules[i].tags) {
 417			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 418			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
 419				free(reg);
 420			else
 421				regs[i].tagregex = reg;
 422		}
 423	}
 424}
 425
 426void
 427configure(Client *c) {
 428	XConfigureEvent ce;
 429
 430	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 431	ce.display = dpy;
 432	ce.event = c->win;
 433	ce.window = c->win;
 434	ce.x = c->x;
 435	ce.y = c->y;
 436	ce.width = c->w;
 437	ce.height = c->h;
 438	ce.border_width = c->border;
 439	ce.above = None;
 440	ce.override_redirect = False;
 441	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 442}
 443
 444void
 445configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 446	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 447
 448	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 449		sw = ev->width;
 450		sh = ev->height;
 451		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 452		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 453		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 454		updatebarpos();
 455		arrange();
 456	}
 457}
 458
 459void
 460configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 461	Client *c;
 462	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 463	XWindowChanges wc;
 464
 465	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 466		c->ismax = False;
 467		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 468			c->border = ev->border_width;
 469		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isarrange(floating)) {
 470			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 471				c->x = ev->x;
 472			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 473				c->y = ev->y;
 474			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 475				c->w = ev->width;
 476			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 477				c->h = ev->height;
 478			if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 479				c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
 480			if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 481				c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
 482			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
 483			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
 484				configure(c);
 485			if(isvisible(c))
 486				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 487		}
 488		else
 489			configure(c);
 490	}
 491	else {
 492		wc.x = ev->x;
 493		wc.y = ev->y;
 494		wc.width = ev->width;
 495		wc.height = ev->height;
 496		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 497		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 498		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 499		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 500	}
 501	XSync(dpy, False);
 502}
 503
 504void
 505destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 506	Client *c;
 507	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 508
 509	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 510		unmanage(c);
 511}
 512
 513void
 514detach(Client *c) {
 515	if(c->prev)
 516		c->prev->next = c->next;
 517	if(c->next)
 518		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 519	if(c == clients)
 520		clients = c->next;
 521	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 522}
 523
 524void
 525detachstack(Client *c) {
 526	Client **tc;
 527
 528	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 529	*tc = c->snext;
 530}
 531
 532void
 533drawbar(void) {
 534	int i, x;
 535
 536	dc.x = dc.y = 0;
 537	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
 538		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 539		if(seltags[i]) {
 540			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
 541			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
 542		}
 543		else {
 544			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
 545			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
 546		}
 547		dc.x += dc.w;
 548	}
 549	dc.w = blw;
 550	drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
 551	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 552	dc.w = textw(stext);
 553	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 554	if(dc.x < x) {
 555		dc.x = x;
 556		dc.w = sw - x;
 557	}
 558	drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
 559	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 560		dc.x = x;
 561		if(sel) {
 562			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
 563			drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
 564		}
 565		else
 566			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
 567	}
 568	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 569	XSync(dpy, False);
 570}
 571
 572void
 573drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 574	int x;
 575	XGCValues gcv;
 576	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 577
 578	gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
 579	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 580	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 581	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 582	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 583	if(filled) {
 584		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 585		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 586	}
 587	else if(empty) {
 588		r.width = r.height = x;
 589		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 590	}
 591}
 592
 593void
 594drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 595	int x, y, w, h;
 596	static char buf[256];
 597	unsigned int len, olen;
 598	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 599
 600	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
 601	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 602	if(!text)
 603		return;
 604	w = 0;
 605	olen = len = strlen(text);
 606	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 607		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 608	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 609	buf[len] = 0;
 610	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 611	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 612	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 613	/* shorten text if necessary */
 614	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 615		buf[--len] = 0;
 616	if(len < olen) {
 617		if(len > 1)
 618			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 619		if(len > 2)
 620			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 621		if(len > 3)
 622			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 623	}
 624	if(w > dc.w)
 625		return; /* too long */
 626	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
 627	if(dc.font.set)
 628		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 629	else
 630		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 631}
 632
 633void *
 634emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 635	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 636
 637	if(!res)
 638		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 639	return res;
 640}
 641
 642void
 643enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 644	Client *c;
 645	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 646
 647	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
 648		return;
 649	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 650		focus(c);
 651	else if(ev->window == root) {
 652		selscreen = True;
 653		focus(NULL);
 654	}
 655}
 656
 657void
 658eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 659	va_list ap;
 660
 661	va_start(ap, errstr);
 662	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 663	va_end(ap);
 664	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 665}
 666
 667void
 668expose(XEvent *e) {
 669	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 670
 671	if(ev->count == 0) {
 672		if(barwin == ev->window)
 673			drawbar();
 674	}
 675}
 676
 677void
 678floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 679	Client *c;
 680
 681	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 682		if(isvisible(c))
 683			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 684}
 685
 686void
 687focus(Client *c) {
 688	if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 689		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 690	if(sel && sel != c) {
 691		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 692		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 693	}
 694	if(c) {
 695		detachstack(c);
 696		attachstack(c);
 697		grabbuttons(c, True);
 698	}
 699	sel = c;
 700	drawbar();
 701	if(!selscreen)
 702		return;
 703	if(c) {
 704		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 705		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 706	}
 707	else
 708		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 709}
 710
 711void
 712focusnext(const char *arg) {
 713	Client *c;
 714
 715	if(!sel)
 716		return;
 717	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 718	if(!c)
 719		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 720	if(c) {
 721		focus(c);
 722		restack();
 723	}
 724}
 725
 726void
 727focusprev(const char *arg) {
 728	Client *c;
 729
 730	if(!sel)
 731		return;
 732	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 733	if(!c) {
 734		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 735		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 736	}
 737	if(c) {
 738		focus(c);
 739		restack();
 740	}
 741}
 742
 743Client *
 744getclient(Window w) {
 745	Client *c;
 746
 747	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 748	return c;
 749}
 750
 751unsigned long
 752getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 753	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 754	XColor color;
 755
 756	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 757		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 758	return color.pixel;
 759}
 760
 761long
 762getstate(Window w) {
 763	int format, status;
 764	long result = -1;
 765	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 766	unsigned long n, extra;
 767	Atom real;
 768
 769	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 770			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 771	if(status != Success)
 772		return -1;
 773	if(n != 0)
 774		result = *p;
 775	XFree(p);
 776	return result;
 777}
 778
 779Bool
 780gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 781	char **list = NULL;
 782	int n;
 783	XTextProperty name;
 784
 785	if(!text || size == 0)
 786		return False;
 787	text[0] = '\0';
 788	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 789	if(!name.nitems)
 790		return False;
 791	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 792		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 793	else {
 794		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 795		&& n > 0 && *list)
 796		{
 797			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 798			XFreeStringList(list);
 799		}
 800	}
 801	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 802	XFree(name.value);
 803	return True;
 804}
 805
 806void
 807grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 808	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 809
 810	if(focused) {
 811		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 812				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 818				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 819
 820		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 822		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828
 829		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 830				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 831		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 832				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 833		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 834				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 835		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 836				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 837	}
 838	else
 839		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 840				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 841}
 842
 843unsigned int
 844idxoftag(const char *tag) {
 845	unsigned int i;
 846
 847	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 848		if(tags[i] == tag)
 849			return i;
 850	return 0;
 851}
 852
 853void
 854initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 855	char *def, **missing;
 856	int i, n;
 857
 858	missing = NULL;
 859	if(dc.font.set)
 860		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 861	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 862	if(missing) {
 863		while(n--)
 864			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 865		XFreeStringList(missing);
 866	}
 867	if(dc.font.set) {
 868		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 869		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 870		char **font_names;
 871		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 872		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 873		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 874		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 875			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 876				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 877			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 878				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 879			xfonts++;
 880		}
 881	}
 882	else {
 883		if(dc.font.xfont)
 884			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 885		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 886		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 887		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 888			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 889		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 890		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 891	}
 892	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 893}
 894
 895Bool
 896isarrange(void (*func)())
 897{
 898	return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
 899}
 900
 901Bool
 902isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 903	Client *c;
 904
 905	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 906		if(c->tags[t])
 907			return True;
 908	return False;
 909}
 910
 911Bool
 912isprotodel(Client *c) {
 913	int i, n;
 914	Atom *protocols;
 915	Bool ret = False;
 916
 917	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 918		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 919			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 920				ret = True;
 921		XFree(protocols);
 922	}
 923	return ret;
 924}
 925
 926Bool
 927isvisible(Client *c) {
 928	unsigned int i;
 929
 930	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 931		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 932			return True;
 933	return False;
 934}
 935
 936void
 937keypress(XEvent *e) {
 938	KEYS
 939	unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
 940	unsigned int i;
 941	KeyCode code;
 942	KeySym keysym;
 943	XKeyEvent *ev;
 944
 945	if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
 946		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 947		for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 948			code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 949			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 950					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 951			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
 952					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 953			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
 954					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 955			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
 956					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 957		}
 958		return;
 959	}
 960	ev = &e->xkey;
 961	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 962	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
 963		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 964		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 965		{
 966			if(keys[i].func)
 967				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 968		}
 969}
 970
 971void
 972killclient(const char *arg) {
 973	XEvent ev;
 974
 975	if(!sel)
 976		return;
 977	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 978		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 979		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 980		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 981		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 982		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 983		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 984		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 985	}
 986	else
 987		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 988}
 989
 990void
 991leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
 992	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 993
 994	if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
 995		selscreen = False;
 996		focus(NULL);
 997	}
 998}
 999
1000void
1001manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1002	unsigned int i;
1003	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1004	Window trans;
1005	Status rettrans;
1006	XWindowChanges wc;
1007
1008	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1009	c->tags = emallocz(ntags * sizeof(Bool));
1010	c->win = w;
1011	c->x = wa->x;
1012	c->y = wa->y;
1013	c->w = wa->width;
1014	c->h = wa->height;
1015	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1016	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1017		c->x = sx;
1018		c->y = sy;
1019		c->border = wa->border_width;
1020	}
1021	else {
1022		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1023			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1024		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1025			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1026		if(c->x < wax)
1027			c->x = wax;
1028		if(c->y < way)
1029			c->y = way;
1030		c->border = BORDERPX;
1031	}
1032	wc.border_width = c->border;
1033	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1034	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1035	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1036	updatesizehints(c);
1037	XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1038		StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1039	grabbuttons(c, False);
1040	updatetitle(c);
1041	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1042		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1043	if(t)
1044		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1045			c->tags[i] = t->tags[i];
1046	applyrules(c);
1047	if(!c->isfloating)
1048		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1049	attach(c);
1050	attachstack(c);
1051	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1052	ban(c);
1053	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1054	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1055	arrange();
1056}
1057
1058void
1059mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1060	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1061
1062	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1063	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1064		keypress(NULL);
1065}
1066
1067void
1068maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1069	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1070	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1071
1072	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1073		return;
1074	if(wa.override_redirect)
1075		return;
1076	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1077		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1078}
1079
1080void
1081movemouse(Client *c) {
1082	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1083	unsigned int dui;
1084	Window dummy;
1085	XEvent ev;
1086
1087	ocx = nx = c->x;
1088	ocy = ny = c->y;
1089	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1090			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1091		return;
1092	c->ismax = False;
1093	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1094	for(;;) {
1095		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1096		switch (ev.type) {
1097		case ButtonRelease:
1098			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1099			return;
1100		case ConfigureRequest:
1101		case Expose:
1102		case MapRequest:
1103			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1104			break;
1105		case MotionNotify:
1106			XSync(dpy, False);
1107			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1108			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1109			if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1110				nx = wax;
1111			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1112				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1113			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1114				ny = way;
1115			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1116				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1117			resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1118			break;
1119		}
1120	}
1121}
1122
1123Client *
1124nexttiled(Client *c) {
1125	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1126	return c;
1127}
1128
1129void
1130propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1131	Client *c;
1132	Window trans;
1133	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1134
1135	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1136		return; /* ignore */
1137	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1138		switch (ev->atom) {
1139			default: break;
1140			case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1141				XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1142				if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1143					arrange();
1144				break;
1145			case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1146				updatesizehints(c);
1147				break;
1148		}
1149		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1150			updatetitle(c);
1151			if(c == sel)
1152				drawbar();
1153		}
1154	}
1155}
1156
1157void
1158quit(const char *arg) {
1159	readin = running = False;
1160}
1161
1162void
1163resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1164	double dx, dy, max, min, ratio;
1165	XWindowChanges wc;
1166
1167	if(sizehints) {
1168		if(c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && (h - c->baseh) > 0 && (w - c->basew) > 0) {
1169			dx = (double)(w - c->basew);
1170			dy = (double)(h - c->baseh);
1171			min = (double)(c->minax) / (double)(c->minay);
1172			max = (double)(c->maxax) / (double)(c->maxay);
1173			ratio = dx / dy;
1174			if(max > 0 && min > 0 && ratio > 0) {
1175				if(ratio < min) {
1176					dy = (dx * min + dy) / (min * min + 1);
1177					dx = dy * min;
1178					w = (int)dx + c->basew;
1179					h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
1180				}
1181				else if(ratio > max) {
1182					dy = (dx * min + dy) / (max * max + 1);
1183					dx = dy * min;
1184					w = (int)dx + c->basew;
1185					h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
1186				}
1187			}
1188		}
1189		if(c->minw && w < c->minw)
1190			w = c->minw;
1191		if(c->minh && h < c->minh)
1192			h = c->minh;
1193		if(c->maxw && w > c->maxw)
1194			w = c->maxw;
1195		if(c->maxh && h > c->maxh)
1196			h = c->maxh;
1197		if(c->incw)
1198			w -= (w - c->basew) % c->incw;
1199		if(c->inch)
1200			h -= (h - c->baseh) % c->inch;
1201	}
1202	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1203		return;
1204	/* offscreen appearance fixes */
1205	if(x > sw)
1206		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1207	if(y > sh)
1208		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1209	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1210		x = sx;
1211	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1212		y = sy;
1213	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1214		c->x = wc.x = x;
1215		c->y = wc.y = y;
1216		c->w = wc.width = w;
1217		c->h = wc.height = h;
1218		wc.border_width = c->border;
1219		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1220		configure(c);
1221		XSync(dpy, False);
1222	}
1223}
1224
1225void
1226resizemouse(Client *c) {
1227	int ocx, ocy;
1228	int nw, nh;
1229	XEvent ev;
1230
1231	ocx = c->x;
1232	ocy = c->y;
1233	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1234			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1235		return;
1236	c->ismax = False;
1237	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1238	for(;;) {
1239		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1240		switch(ev.type) {
1241		case ButtonRelease:
1242			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1243					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1244			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1245			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1246			return;
1247		case ConfigureRequest:
1248		case Expose:
1249		case MapRequest:
1250			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1251			break;
1252		case MotionNotify:
1253			XSync(dpy, False);
1254			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1255				nw = 1;
1256			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1257				nh = 1;
1258			resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1259			break;
1260		}
1261	}
1262}
1263
1264void
1265restack(void) {
1266	Client *c;
1267	XEvent ev;
1268	XWindowChanges wc;
1269
1270	drawbar();
1271	if(!sel)
1272		return;
1273	if(sel->isfloating || isarrange(floating))
1274		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1275	if(!isarrange(floating)) {
1276		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1277		wc.sibling = barwin;
1278		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1279			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1280			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1281		}
1282		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1283			if(c == sel)
1284				continue;
1285			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1286			wc.sibling = c->win;
1287		}
1288	}
1289	XSync(dpy, False);
1290	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1291}
1292
1293void
1294run(void) {
1295	char *p;
1296	int r, xfd;
1297	fd_set rd;
1298	XEvent ev;
1299
1300	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1301	XSync(dpy, False);
1302	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1303	readin = True;
1304	while(running) {
1305		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1306		if(readin)
1307			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1308		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1309		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1310			if(errno == EINTR)
1311				continue;
1312			eprint("select failed\n");
1313		}
1314		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1315			switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
1316			case -1:
1317				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
1318				stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
1319				readin = False;
1320				break;
1321			case 0:
1322				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1323				readin = False;
1324				break;
1325			default:
1326				for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
1327				for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
1328				if(p > stext)
1329					strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
1330			}
1331			drawbar();
1332		}
1333		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1334			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1335			if(handler[ev.type])
1336				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1337		}
1338	}
1339}
1340
1341void
1342scan(void) {
1343	unsigned int i, num;
1344	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1345	XWindowAttributes wa;
1346
1347	wins = NULL;
1348	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1349		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1350			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1351			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1352				continue;
1353			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1354				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1355		}
1356		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1357			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1358				continue;
1359			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1360			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1361				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1362		}
1363	}
1364	if(wins)
1365		XFree(wins);
1366}
1367
1368void
1369setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1370	long data[] = {state, None};
1371
1372	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1373			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1374}
1375
1376void
1377setlayout(const char *arg) {
1378	unsigned int i;
1379
1380	if(!arg) {
1381		if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
1382			ltidx = 0;;
1383	}
1384	else {
1385		for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
1386			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1387				break;
1388		if(i == nlayouts)
1389			return;
1390		ltidx = i;
1391	}
1392	if(sel)
1393		arrange();
1394	else
1395		drawbar();
1396}
1397
1398void
1399setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1400	double delta;
1401
1402	if(!ISTILE)
1403		return;
1404	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1405	if(arg == NULL)
1406		mwfact = MWFACT;
1407	else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
1408		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1409			mwfact += delta;
1410		else
1411			mwfact = delta;
1412		if(mwfact < 0.1)
1413			mwfact = 0.1;
1414		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1415			mwfact = 0.9;
1416	}
1417	arrange();
1418}
1419
1420void
1421setup(void) {
1422	int d;
1423	unsigned int i, j, mask;
1424	Window w;
1425	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1426	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1427
1428	/* init atoms */
1429	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1430	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1431	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1432	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1433	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1434	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1435	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1436			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1437
1438	/* init cursors */
1439	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1440	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1441	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1442
1443	/* init geometry */
1444	sx = sy = 0;
1445	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1446	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1447
1448	/* init modifier map */
1449	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1450	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1451		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1452			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1453			== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1454				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1455		}
1456	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1457
1458	/* select for events */
1459	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1460		| EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1461	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1462	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1463	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1464
1465	/* grab keys */
1466	keypress(NULL);
1467
1468	/* init tags */
1469	compileregs();
1470	ntags = sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0];
1471	seltags = emallocz(sizeof(Bool) * ntags);
1472	seltags[0] = True;
1473
1474	/* init appearance */
1475	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1476	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1477	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1478	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1479	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1480	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1481	initfont(FONT);
1482	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1483
1484	/* init layouts */
1485	mwfact = MWFACT;
1486	nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
1487	for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
1488		j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1489		if(j > blw)
1490			blw = j;
1491	}
1492
1493	/* init bar */
1494	bpos = BARPOS;
1495	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1496	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1497	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1498	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1499			DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1500			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1501	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1502	updatebarpos();
1503	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1504	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1505	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1506	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1507	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1508	if(!dc.font.set)
1509		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1510
1511	/* multihead support */
1512	selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1513}
1514
1515void
1516spawn(const char *arg) {
1517	static char *shell = NULL;
1518
1519	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1520		shell = "/bin/sh";
1521	if(!arg)
1522		return;
1523	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1524	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1525	if(fork() == 0) {
1526		if(fork() == 0) {
1527			if(dpy)
1528				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1529			setsid();
1530			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1531			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1532			perror(" failed");
1533		}
1534		exit(0);
1535	}
1536	wait(0);
1537}
1538
1539void
1540tag(const char *arg) {
1541	unsigned int i;
1542
1543	if(!sel)
1544		return;
1545	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1546		sel->tags[i] = arg == NULL;
1547	i = idxoftag(arg);
1548	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1549		sel->tags[i] = True;
1550	arrange();
1551}
1552
1553unsigned int
1554textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1555	XRectangle r;
1556
1557	if(dc.font.set) {
1558		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1559		return r.width;
1560	}
1561	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1562}
1563
1564unsigned int
1565textw(const char *text) {
1566	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1567}
1568
1569void
1570tile(void) {
1571	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1572	Client *c, *mc;
1573
1574	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1575		n++;
1576
1577	/* window geoms */
1578	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1579	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1580	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1581		th = wah;
1582
1583	nx = wax;
1584	ny = way;
1585	nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1586	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1587		c->ismax = False;
1588		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1589			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1590			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1591		}
1592		else {  /* tile window */
1593			if(i == 1) {
1594				ny = way;
1595				nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1596				nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1597			}
1598			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1599				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1600			else
1601				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1602		}
1603		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1604		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1605			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1606	}
1607}
1608
1609void
1610togglebar(const char *arg) {
1611	if(bpos == BarOff)
1612		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1613	else
1614		bpos = BarOff;
1615	updatebarpos();
1616	arrange();
1617}
1618
1619void
1620togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1621	if(!sel)
1622		return;
1623	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1624	if(sel->isfloating)
1625		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1626	arrange();
1627}
1628
1629void
1630togglemax(const char *arg) {
1631	XEvent ev;
1632
1633	if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1634		return;
1635	if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1636		if(isarrange(floating) || sel->isfloating)
1637			sel->wasfloating = True;
1638		else {
1639			togglefloating(NULL);
1640			sel->wasfloating = False;
1641		}
1642		sel->rx = sel->x;
1643		sel->ry = sel->y;
1644		sel->rw = sel->w;
1645		sel->rh = sel->h;
1646		resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1647	}
1648	else {
1649		resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1650		if(!sel->wasfloating)
1651			togglefloating(NULL);
1652	}
1653	drawbar();
1654	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1655}
1656
1657void
1658toggletag(const char *arg) {
1659	unsigned int i, j;
1660
1661	if(!sel)
1662		return;
1663	i = idxoftag(arg);
1664	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1665	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1666	if(j == ntags)
1667		sel->tags[i] = True;
1668	arrange();
1669}
1670
1671void
1672toggleview(const char *arg) {
1673	unsigned int i, j;
1674
1675	i = idxoftag(arg);
1676	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1677	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !seltags[j]; j++);
1678	if(j == ntags)
1679		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1680	arrange();
1681}
1682
1683void
1684unban(Client *c) {
1685	if(!c->isbanned)
1686		return;
1687	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1688	c->isbanned = False;
1689}
1690
1691void
1692unmanage(Client *c) {
1693	XWindowChanges wc;
1694
1695	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1696	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1697	XGrabServer(dpy);
1698	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1699	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1700	detach(c);
1701	detachstack(c);
1702	if(sel == c)
1703		focus(NULL);
1704	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1705	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1706	free(c->tags);
1707	free(c);
1708	XSync(dpy, False);
1709	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1710	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1711	arrange();
1712}
1713
1714void
1715unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1716	Client *c;
1717	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1718
1719	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1720		unmanage(c);
1721}
1722
1723void
1724updatebarpos(void) {
1725	XEvent ev;
1726
1727	wax = sx;
1728	way = sy;
1729	wah = sh;
1730	waw = sw;
1731	switch(bpos) {
1732	default:
1733		wah -= bh;
1734		way += bh;
1735		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1736		break;
1737	case BarBot:
1738		wah -= bh;
1739		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1740		break;
1741	case BarOff:
1742		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1743		break;
1744	}
1745	XSync(dpy, False);
1746	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1747}
1748
1749void
1750updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1751	long msize;
1752	XSizeHints size;
1753
1754	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1755		size.flags = PSize;
1756	c->flags = size.flags;
1757	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1758		c->basew = size.base_width;
1759		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1760	}
1761	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1762		c->basew = size.min_width;
1763		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1764	}
1765	else
1766		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1767	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1768		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1769		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1770	}
1771	else
1772		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1773	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1774		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1775		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1776	}
1777	else
1778		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1779	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1780		c->minw = size.min_width;
1781		c->minh = size.min_height;
1782	}
1783	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1784		c->minw = size.base_width;
1785		c->minh = size.base_height;
1786	}
1787	else
1788		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1789	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1790		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1791		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1792		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1793		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1794	}
1795	else
1796		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1797	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1798			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1799}
1800
1801void
1802updatetitle(Client *c) {
1803	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1804		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1805}
1806
1807/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1808 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1809 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1810int
1811xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1812	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1813	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1814	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1815	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1816	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1817	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1818	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1819	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1820		return 0;
1821	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1822		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1823	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1824}
1825
1826int
1827xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1828	return 0;
1829}
1830
1831/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1832 * is already running. */
1833int
1834xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1835	otherwm = True;
1836	return -1;
1837}
1838
1839void
1840view(const char *arg) {
1841	unsigned int i;
1842
1843	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1844		seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
1845	i = idxoftag(arg);
1846	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1847		seltags[i] = True;
1848	arrange();
1849}
1850
1851void
1852zoom(const char *arg) {
1853	Client *c;
1854
1855	if(!sel || !ISTILE || sel->isfloating)
1856		return;
1857	if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1858		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1859			return;
1860	detach(c);
1861	attach(c);
1862	focus(c);
1863	arrange();
1864}
1865
1866int
1867main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1868	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1869		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
1870	else if(argc != 1)
1871		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1872
1873	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1874	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1875		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1876	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1877	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1878
1879	checkotherwm();
1880	setup();
1881	drawbar();
1882	scan();
1883	run();
1884	cleanup();
1885
1886	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1887	return 0;
1888}