1//#define XINULATOR /* debug, simulates dual head */
   2/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   3 *
   4 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   5 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   6 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   7 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   8 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   9 *
  10 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  11 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  12 * in O(1) time.
  13 *
  14 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  15 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  16 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  17 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  18 * client.
  19 *
  20 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  21 *
  22 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  23 */
  24#include <errno.h>
  25#include <locale.h>
  26#include <stdarg.h>
  27#include <signal.h>
  28#include <stdio.h>
  29#include <stdlib.h>
  30#include <string.h>
  31#include <unistd.h>
  32#include <sys/types.h>
  33#include <sys/wait.h>
  34#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  35#include <X11/keysym.h>
  36#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  37#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  38#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  39#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  40#ifdef XINERAMA
  41#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  42#endif /* XINERAMA */
  43
  44/* macros */
  45#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  48#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  49#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  50#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  52#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  55#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66typedef union {
  67	int i;
  68	unsigned int ui;
  69	float f;
  70	void *v;
  71} Arg;
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	unsigned int click;
  75	unsigned int mask;
  76	unsigned int button;
  77	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78	const Arg arg;
  79} Button;
  80
  81typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  82typedef struct Client Client;
  83struct Client {
  84	char name[256];
  85	float mina, maxa;
  86	int x, y, w, h;
  87	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  88	int bw, oldbw;
  89	unsigned int tags;
  90	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  91	Client *next;
  92	Client *snext;
  93	Monitor *mon;
  94	Window win;
  95};
  96
  97typedef struct {
  98	int x, y, w, h;
  99	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 100	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 101	Drawable drawable;
 102	GC gc;
 103	struct {
 104		int ascent;
 105		int descent;
 106		int height;
 107		XFontSet set;
 108		XFontStruct *xfont;
 109	} font;
 110} DC; /* draw context */
 111
 112typedef struct {
 113	unsigned int mod;
 114	KeySym keysym;
 115	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 116	const Arg arg;
 117} Key;
 118
 119typedef struct {
 120	const char *symbol;
 121	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 122} Layout;
 123
 124struct Monitor {
 125	int screen_number;
 126	float mfact;
 127	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 128	int my, mh;           /* vertical screen size*/
 129	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 130	unsigned int seltags;
 131	unsigned int sellt;
 132	unsigned int tagset[2];
 133	Bool showbar;
 134	Bool topbar;
 135	Client *clients;
 136	Client *sel;
 137	Client *stack;
 138	Monitor *next;
 139	Window barwin;
 140};
 141
 142typedef struct {
 143	const char *class;
 144	const char *instance;
 145	const char *title;
 146	unsigned int tags;
 147	Bool isfloating;
 148} Rule;
 149
 150/* function declarations */
 151static void applyrules(Client *c);
 152static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 153static void arrange(void);
 154static void attach(Client *c);
 155static void attachstack(Client *c);
 156static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 157static void checkotherwm(void);
 158static void cleanup(void);
 159static void cleanupmons(void);
 160static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 161static void configure(Client *c);
 162static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 163static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 164static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 165static void detach(Client *c);
 166static void detachstack(Client *c);
 167static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 168static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 169static void drawbars();
 170static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 171static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 172static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 173static void expose(XEvent *e);
 174static void focus(Client *c);
 175static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 176static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 177static Client *getclient(Window w);
 178static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 179static long getstate(Window w);
 180static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 181static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 182static void grabkeys(void);
 183static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 184static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 185static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 186static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 187static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 188static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 189static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 190static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 191static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 192static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 193static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 195static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 196static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 197static void restack(Monitor *m);
 198static void run(void);
 199static void scan(void);
 200static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 201static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 202static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 203static void setup(void);
 204static void showhide(Client *c);
 205static void sigchld(int signal);
 206static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 207static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 208static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 209static void tile(Monitor *);
 210static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 211static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 212static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 213static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 214static void unmanage(Client *c);
 215static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 216static void updategeom(void);
 217static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 218static void updatebars(void);
 219static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 220static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 221static void updatestatus(void);
 222static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 223static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 224static void view(const Arg *arg);
 225static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 226static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 227static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 228static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 229#ifdef XINERAMA
 230static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 231static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 232#endif /* XINERAMA */
 233
 234/* variables */
 235static char stext[256];
 236static int screen;
 237static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 238static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 239static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 240static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 241static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 242	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 243	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 244	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 245	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 246	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 247	[Expose] = expose,
 248	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 249	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 250	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 251	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 252	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 253	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 254};
 255static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 256static Bool otherwm;
 257static Bool running = True;
 258static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 259static Display *dpy;
 260static DC dc;
 261static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 262static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 263static Window root;
 264/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 265#include "config.h"
 266
 267/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 268struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 269
 270/* function implementations */
 271void
 272applyrules(Client *c) {
 273	unsigned int i;
 274	Rule *r;
 275	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 276
 277	/* rule matching */
 278	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 279	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 280		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 281			r = &rules[i];
 282			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 283			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 284			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 285				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 286				c->tags |= r->tags;
 287			}
 288		}
 289		if(ch.res_class)
 290			XFree(ch.res_class);
 291		if(ch.res_name)
 292			XFree(ch.res_name);
 293	}
 294	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 295}
 296
 297Bool
 298applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 299	Bool baseismin;
 300
 301	/* set minimum possible */
 302	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 303	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 304
 305	if(*x > sx + sw)
 306		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 307	if(*y > sy + sh)
 308		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 309	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 310		*x = sx;
 311	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 312		*y = sy;
 313	if(*h < bh)
 314		*h = bh;
 315	if(*w < bh)
 316		*w = bh;
 317
 318	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 319		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 320		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 321
 322		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 323			*w -= c->basew;
 324			*h -= c->baseh;
 325		}
 326
 327		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 328		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 329			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 330				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 331			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 332				*h = *w * c->mina;
 333		}
 334
 335		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 336			*w -= c->basew;
 337			*h -= c->baseh;
 338		}
 339
 340		/* adjust for increment value */
 341		if(c->incw)
 342			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 343		if(c->inch)
 344			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 345
 346		/* restore base dimensions */
 347		*w += c->basew;
 348		*h += c->baseh;
 349
 350		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 351		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 352
 353		if(c->maxw)
 354			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 355
 356		if(c->maxh)
 357			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 358	}
 359	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 360}
 361
 362void
 363arrange(void) {
 364	Monitor *m;
 365
 366	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 367	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 368		showhide(m->stack);
 369	focus(NULL);
 370	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 371		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 372			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 373		restack(m);
 374	}
 375}
 376
 377void
 378attach(Client *c) {
 379	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 380	c->mon->clients = c;
 381}
 382
 383void
 384attachstack(Client *c) {
 385	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 386	c->mon->stack = c;
 387}
 388
 389void
 390buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 391	unsigned int i, x, click;
 392	Arg arg = {0};
 393	Client *c;
 394	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 395
 396	click = ClkRootWin;
 397	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 398		i = 0;
 399		x = selmon->btx;
 400		do
 401			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 402		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 403		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 404			click = ClkTagBar;
 405			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 406		}
 407		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 408			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 409		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 410			click = ClkStatusText;
 411		else
 412			click = ClkWinTitle;
 413	}
 414	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 415		focus(c);
 416		click = ClkClientWin;
 417	}
 418
 419	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 420		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 421		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 422			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 423}
 424
 425void
 426checkotherwm(void) {
 427	otherwm = False;
 428	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 429
 430	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 431	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 432	XSync(dpy, False);
 433	if(otherwm)
 434		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 435	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 436	XSync(dpy, False);
 437}
 438
 439void
 440cleanup(void) {
 441	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 442	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 443	Monitor *m;
 444
 445	view(&a);
 446	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 447
 448	/* TODO: consider simplifying cleanup code of the stack, perhaps do that in cleanmons() ? */
 449	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 450		while(m->stack)
 451			unmanage(m->stack);
 452	if(dc.font.set)
 453		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 454	else
 455		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 456	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 457	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 458	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 459	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 460	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 461	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 462	cleanupmons();
 463	XSync(dpy, False);
 464	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 465}
 466
 467void
 468cleanupmons(void) {
 469	Monitor *m;
 470
 471	while(mons) {
 472		m = mons->next;
 473		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 474		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 475		free(mons);
 476		mons = m;
 477	}
 478}
 479
 480void
 481clearurgent(Client *c) {
 482	XWMHints *wmh;
 483
 484	c->isurgent = False;
 485	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 486		return;
 487	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 488	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 489	XFree(wmh);
 490}
 491
 492void
 493configure(Client *c) {
 494	XConfigureEvent ce;
 495
 496	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 497	ce.display = dpy;
 498	ce.event = c->win;
 499	ce.window = c->win;
 500	ce.x = c->x;
 501	ce.y = c->y;
 502	ce.width = c->w;
 503	ce.height = c->h;
 504	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 505	ce.above = None;
 506	ce.override_redirect = False;
 507	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 508}
 509
 510void
 511configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 512	Monitor *m;
 513	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 514
 515	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 516		sw = ev->width;
 517		sh = ev->height;
 518		updategeom();
 519		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 520			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 521		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 522		updatebars();
 523		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 524			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 525		arrange();
 526	}
 527}
 528
 529void
 530configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 531	Client *c;
 532	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 533	XWindowChanges wc;
 534
 535	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 536		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 537			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 538		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 539			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 540				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 541			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 542				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 543			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 544				c->w = ev->width;
 545			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 546				c->h = ev->height;
 547			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 548				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 549			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 550				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 551			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 552				configure(c);
 553			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 554				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 555		}
 556		else
 557			configure(c);
 558	}
 559	else {
 560		wc.x = ev->x;
 561		wc.y = ev->y;
 562		wc.width = ev->width;
 563		wc.height = ev->height;
 564		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 565		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 566		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 567		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 568	}
 569	XSync(dpy, False);
 570}
 571
 572void
 573destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 574	Client *c;
 575	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 576
 577	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 578		unmanage(c);
 579}
 580
 581void
 582detach(Client *c) {
 583	Client **tc;
 584
 585	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 586	*tc = c->next;
 587}
 588
 589void
 590detachstack(Client *c) {
 591	Client **tc;
 592
 593	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 594	*tc = c->snext;
 595}
 596
 597void
 598die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 599	va_list ap;
 600
 601	va_start(ap, errstr);
 602	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 603	va_end(ap);
 604	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 605}
 606
 607void
 608drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 609	int x;
 610	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 611	unsigned long *col;
 612	Client *c;
 613
 614	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 615		occ |= c->tags;
 616		if(c->isurgent)
 617			urg |= c->tags;
 618	}
 619
 620	dc.x = 0;
 621#ifdef XINERAMA
 622	{
 623		char buf[2];
 624		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 625		buf[1] = '\0';
 626		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 627		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 628		dc.x += dc.w;
 629	}
 630#endif /* XINERAMA */
 631	m->btx = dc.x;
 632	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 633		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 634		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 635		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 636		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 637		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 638		dc.x += dc.w;
 639	}
 640	if(blw > 0) {
 641		dc.w = blw;
 642		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 643		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 644	}
 645	else
 646		x = dc.x;
 647	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 648		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 649		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 650		if(dc.x < x) {
 651			dc.x = x;
 652			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 653		}
 654		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 655	}
 656	else {
 657		dc.x = m->ww;
 658	}
 659	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 660		dc.x = x;
 661		if(m->sel) {
 662			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 663			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 664			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 665		}
 666		else
 667			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 668	}
 669	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 670	XSync(dpy, False);
 671}
 672
 673void
 674drawbars() {
 675	Monitor *m;
 676
 677	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 678		drawbar(m);
 679}
 680
 681void
 682drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 683	int x;
 684	XGCValues gcv;
 685	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 686
 687	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 688	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 689	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 690	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 691	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 692	if(filled) {
 693		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 694		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 695	}
 696	else if(empty) {
 697		r.width = r.height = x;
 698		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 699	}
 700}
 701
 702void
 703drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 704	char buf[256];
 705	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 706	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 707
 708	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 709	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 710	if(!text)
 711		return;
 712	olen = strlen(text);
 713	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 714	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 715	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 716	/* shorten text if necessary */
 717	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 718	if(!len)
 719		return;
 720	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 721	if(len < olen)
 722		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 723	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 724	if(dc.font.set)
 725		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 726	else
 727		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 728}
 729
 730void
 731enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 732	Client *c;
 733	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 734
 735	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 736		return;
 737	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 738		focus(c);
 739	else
 740		focus(NULL);
 741}
 742
 743void
 744expose(XEvent *e) {
 745	Monitor *m;
 746	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 747
 748	if(ev->count == 0)
 749		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 750			if(ev->window == m->barwin) {
 751				drawbar(m);
 752				break;
 753			}
 754}
 755
 756void
 757focus(Client *c) {
 758	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 759		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 760	if(selmon->sel && selmon->sel != c) {
 761		grabbuttons(selmon->sel, False);
 762		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, selmon->sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 763	}
 764	if(c) {
 765		if(c->mon != selmon)
 766			selmon = c->mon;
 767		if(c->isurgent)
 768			clearurgent(c);
 769		detachstack(c);
 770		attachstack(c);
 771		grabbuttons(c, True);
 772		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 773		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 774	}
 775	else
 776		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 777	selmon->sel = c;
 778	drawbars();
 779}
 780
 781void
 782focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 783	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 784
 785	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 786		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 787}
 788
 789#ifdef XINERAMA
 790void
 791focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 792	unsigned int i;
 793	Monitor *m; 
 794
 795	for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
 796		if(i == arg->ui) {
 797			if(m->stack)
 798				focus(m->stack);
 799			else {
 800				selmon = m;
 801				focus(NULL);
 802			}
 803			drawbars();
 804			break;
 805		}
 806}
 807#endif /* XINERAMA */
 808
 809void
 810focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 811	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 812
 813	if(!selmon->sel)
 814		return;
 815	if(arg->i > 0) {
 816		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 817		if(!c)
 818			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 819	}
 820	else {
 821		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 822			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 823				c = i;
 824		if(!c)
 825			for(; i; i = i->next)
 826				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 827					c = i;
 828	}
 829	if(c) {
 830		focus(c);
 831		restack(selmon);
 832	}
 833}
 834
 835Client *
 836getclient(Window w) {
 837	Client *c;
 838	Monitor *m;
 839
 840	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 841		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
 842			if(c->win == w)
 843				return c;
 844	return NULL;
 845}
 846
 847unsigned long
 848getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 849	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 850	XColor color;
 851
 852	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 853		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 854	return color.pixel;
 855}
 856
 857long
 858getstate(Window w) {
 859	int format, status;
 860	long result = -1;
 861	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 862	unsigned long n, extra;
 863	Atom real;
 864
 865	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 866			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 867	if(status != Success)
 868		return -1;
 869	if(n != 0)
 870		result = *p;
 871	XFree(p);
 872	return result;
 873}
 874
 875Bool
 876gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 877	char **list = NULL;
 878	int n;
 879	XTextProperty name;
 880
 881	if(!text || size == 0)
 882		return False;
 883	text[0] = '\0';
 884	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 885	if(!name.nitems)
 886		return False;
 887	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 888		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 889	else {
 890		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 891		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 892			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 893			XFreeStringList(list);
 894		}
 895	}
 896	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 897	XFree(name.value);
 898	return True;
 899}
 900
 901void
 902grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 903	updatenumlockmask();
 904	{
 905		unsigned int i, j;
 906		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 907		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 908		if(focused) {
 909			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 910				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 911					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 912						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 913						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 914						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 915						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 916		} else
 917			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 918			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 919	}
 920}
 921
 922void
 923grabkeys(void) {
 924	updatenumlockmask();
 925	{ /* grab keys */
 926		unsigned int i, j;
 927		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 928		KeyCode code;
 929
 930		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 931		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 932			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 933				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 934					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 935						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 936		}
 937	}
 938}
 939
 940void
 941initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 942	char *def, **missing;
 943	int i, n;
 944
 945	missing = NULL;
 946	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 947	if(missing) {
 948		while(n--)
 949			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 950		XFreeStringList(missing);
 951	}
 952	if(dc.font.set) {
 953		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 954		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 955		char **font_names;
 956		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 957		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 958		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 959		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 960			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 961			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 962			xfonts++;
 963		}
 964	}
 965	else {
 966		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 967		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 968			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 969		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 970		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 971	}
 972	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 973}
 974
 975Bool
 976isprotodel(Client *c) {
 977	int i, n;
 978	Atom *protocols;
 979	Bool ret = False;
 980
 981	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 982		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 983			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 984				ret = True;
 985		XFree(protocols);
 986	}
 987	return ret;
 988}
 989
 990void
 991keypress(XEvent *e) {
 992	unsigned int i;
 993	KeySym keysym;
 994	XKeyEvent *ev;
 995
 996	ev = &e->xkey;
 997	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 998	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 999		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1000		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1001		   && keys[i].func)
1002			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1003}
1004
1005void
1006killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1007	XEvent ev;
1008
1009	if(!selmon->sel)
1010		return;
1011	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1012		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1013		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1014		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1015		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1016		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1017		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1018		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1019	}
1020	else
1021		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1022}
1023
1024void
1025manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1026	static Client cz;
1027	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1028	Window trans = None;
1029	XWindowChanges wc;
1030
1031	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1032		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1033	*c = cz;
1034	c->win = w;
1035	c->mon = selmon;
1036
1037	/* geometry */
1038	c->x = wa->x;
1039	c->y = wa->y;
1040	c->w = wa->width;
1041	c->h = wa->height;
1042	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1043	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1044		c->x = sx;
1045		c->y = sy;
1046		c->bw = 0;
1047	}
1048	else {
1049		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
1050			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
1051		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
1052			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
1053		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
1054		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1055		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1056		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
1057		c->bw = borderpx;
1058	}
1059
1060	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1061	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1062	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1063	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1064	updatesizehints(c);
1065	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1066	grabbuttons(c, False);
1067	updatetitle(c);
1068	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1069		t = getclient(trans);
1070	if(t)
1071		c->tags = t->tags;
1072	else
1073		applyrules(c);
1074	if(!c->isfloating)
1075		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1076	if(c->isfloating)
1077		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1078	attach(c);
1079	attachstack(c);
1080	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1081	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1082	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1083	arrange();
1084}
1085
1086void
1087mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1088	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1089
1090	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1091	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1092		grabkeys();
1093}
1094
1095void
1096maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1097	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1098	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1099
1100	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1101		return;
1102	if(wa.override_redirect)
1103		return;
1104	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1105		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1106}
1107
1108void
1109monocle(Monitor *m) {
1110	Client *c;
1111
1112	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1113		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1114}
1115
1116void
1117movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1118	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1119	unsigned int dui;
1120	Client *c;
1121	Window dummy;
1122	XEvent ev;
1123
1124	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1125		return;
1126	restack(selmon);
1127	ocx = c->x;
1128	ocy = c->y;
1129	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1130	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1131		return;
1132	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1133	do {
1134		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1135		switch (ev.type) {
1136		case ConfigureRequest:
1137		case Expose:
1138		case MapRequest:
1139			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1140			break;
1141		case MotionNotify:
1142			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1143			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1144			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1145			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1146				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1147					nx = selmon->wx;
1148				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1149					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1150				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1151					ny = selmon->wy;
1152				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1153					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1154				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1155				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1156					togglefloating(NULL);
1157			}
1158			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1159				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1160			break;
1161		}
1162	}
1163	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1164	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1165}
1166
1167Client *
1168nexttiled(Client *c) {
1169	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1170	return c;
1171}
1172
1173void
1174propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1175	Client *c;
1176	Window trans;
1177	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1178
1179	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1180		updatestatus();
1181	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1182		return; /* ignore */
1183	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1184		switch (ev->atom) {
1185		default: break;
1186		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1187			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1188			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1189				arrange();
1190			break;
1191		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1192			updatesizehints(c);
1193			break;
1194		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1195			updatewmhints(c);
1196			drawbars();
1197			break;
1198		}
1199		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1200			updatetitle(c);
1201			if(c == selmon->sel)
1202				drawbars();
1203		}
1204	}
1205}
1206
1207void
1208quit(const Arg *arg) {
1209	running = False;
1210}
1211
1212void
1213resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1214	XWindowChanges wc;
1215
1216	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1217		c->x = wc.x = x;
1218		c->y = wc.y = y;
1219		c->w = wc.width = w;
1220		c->h = wc.height = h;
1221		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1222		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1223				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1224		configure(c);
1225		XSync(dpy, False);
1226	}
1227}
1228
1229void
1230resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1231	int ocx, ocy;
1232	int nw, nh;
1233	Client *c;
1234	XEvent ev;
1235
1236	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1237		return;
1238	restack(selmon);
1239	ocx = c->x;
1240	ocy = c->y;
1241	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1242	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1243		return;
1244	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1245	do {
1246		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1247		switch(ev.type) {
1248		case ConfigureRequest:
1249		case Expose:
1250		case MapRequest:
1251			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1252			break;
1253		case MotionNotify:
1254			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1255			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1256
1257			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1258			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1259				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1260				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1261					togglefloating(NULL);
1262			}
1263			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1264				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1265			break;
1266		}
1267	}
1268	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1269	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1270	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1271	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1272}
1273
1274void
1275restack(Monitor *m) {
1276	Client *c;
1277	XEvent ev;
1278	XWindowChanges wc;
1279
1280	drawbars();
1281	if(!m->sel)
1282		return;
1283	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1284		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1285	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1286		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1287		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1288		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1289			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1290				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1291				wc.sibling = c->win;
1292			}
1293	}
1294	XSync(dpy, False);
1295	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1296}
1297
1298void
1299run(void) {
1300	XEvent ev;
1301
1302	/* main event loop */
1303	XSync(dpy, False);
1304	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1305		if(handler[ev.type])
1306			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1307	}
1308}
1309
1310void
1311scan(void) {
1312	unsigned int i, num;
1313	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1314	XWindowAttributes wa;
1315
1316	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1317		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1318			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1319			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1320				continue;
1321			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1322				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1323		}
1324		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1325			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1326				continue;
1327			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1328			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1329				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1330		}
1331		if(wins)
1332			XFree(wins);
1333	}
1334}
1335
1336void
1337setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1338	long data[] = {state, None};
1339
1340	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1341			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1342}
1343
1344void
1345setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1346	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1347		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1348	if(arg && arg->v)
1349		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1350	if(selmon->sel)
1351		arrange();
1352	else
1353		drawbars();
1354}
1355
1356/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1357void
1358setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1359	float f;
1360
1361	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1362		return;
1363	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1364	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1365		return;
1366	selmon->mfact = f;
1367	arrange();
1368}
1369
1370void
1371setup(void) {
1372	unsigned int i;
1373	int w;
1374	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1375
1376	/* init screen */
1377	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1378	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1379	initfont(font);
1380	sx = 0;
1381	sy = 0;
1382	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1383	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1384	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1385	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1386	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1387	updategeom();
1388
1389	/* init atoms */
1390	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1391	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1392	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1393	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1394	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1395
1396	/* init cursors */
1397	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1398	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1399	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1400
1401	/* init appearance */
1402	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1403	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1404	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1405	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1406	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1407	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1408	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1409	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1410	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1411	if(!dc.font.set)
1412		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1413
1414	/* init bars */
1415	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1416		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1417		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1418	}
1419	updatebars();
1420	updatestatus();
1421
1422	/* EWMH support per view */
1423	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1424			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1425
1426	/* select for events */
1427	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1428	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1429			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1430			|PropertyChangeMask;
1431	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1432	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1433
1434	grabkeys();
1435}
1436
1437void
1438showhide(Client *c) {
1439	if(!c)
1440		return;
1441	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1442		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1443		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1444			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1445		showhide(c->snext);
1446	}
1447	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1448		showhide(c->snext);
1449		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1450	}
1451}
1452
1453
1454void
1455sigchld(int signal) {
1456	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1457}
1458
1459void
1460spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1461	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1462	if(fork() == 0) {
1463		if(dpy)
1464			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1465		setsid();
1466		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1467		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1468		perror(" failed");
1469		exit(0);
1470	}
1471}
1472
1473void
1474tag(const Arg *arg) {
1475	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1476		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1477		arrange();
1478	}
1479}
1480
1481#ifdef XINERAMA
1482void
1483tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1484	unsigned int i;
1485	Client *c;
1486	Monitor *m;
1487
1488	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1489		return;
1490	for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
1491		if(i == arg->ui) {
1492			detach(c);
1493			detachstack(c);
1494			c->mon = m;
1495			attach(c);
1496			attachstack(c);
1497			selmon->sel = selmon->stack;
1498			m->sel = c;
1499			arrange();
1500			break;
1501		}
1502}
1503#endif /* XINERAMA */
1504
1505int
1506textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1507	XRectangle r;
1508
1509	if(dc.font.set) {
1510		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1511		return r.width;
1512	}
1513	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1514}
1515
1516void
1517tile(Monitor *m) {
1518	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1519	unsigned int i, n;
1520	Client *c;
1521
1522	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1523	if(n == 0)
1524		return;
1525
1526	/* master */
1527	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1528	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1529	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1530
1531	if(--n == 0)
1532		return;
1533
1534	/* tile stack */
1535	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1536	y = m->wy;
1537	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1538	h = m->wh / n;
1539	if(h < bh)
1540		h = m->wh;
1541
1542	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1543		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1544		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1545		if(h != m->wh)
1546			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1547	}
1548}
1549
1550void
1551togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1552	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1553	updatebarpos(selmon);
1554	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1555	arrange();
1556}
1557
1558void
1559togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1560	if(!selmon->sel)
1561		return;
1562	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1563	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1564		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1565	arrange();
1566}
1567
1568void
1569toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1570	unsigned int mask;
1571
1572	if(!selmon->sel)
1573		return;
1574	
1575	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1576	if(mask) {
1577		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1578		arrange();
1579	}
1580}
1581
1582void
1583toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1584	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1585
1586	if(mask) {
1587		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1588		arrange();
1589	}
1590}
1591
1592void
1593unmanage(Client *c) {
1594	XWindowChanges wc;
1595
1596	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1597	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1598	XGrabServer(dpy);
1599	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1600	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1601	detach(c);
1602	detachstack(c);
1603	if(c->mon->sel == c) {
1604		c->mon->sel = c->mon->stack;
1605		focus(NULL);
1606	}
1607	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1608	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1609	free(c);
1610	XSync(dpy, False);
1611	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1612	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1613	arrange();
1614}
1615
1616void
1617unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1618	Client *c;
1619	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1620
1621	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1622		unmanage(c);
1623}
1624
1625void
1626updatebars(void) {
1627	Monitor *m;
1628	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1629
1630	wa.override_redirect = True;
1631	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1632	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1633
1634	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1635		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1636
1637		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1638		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1639		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1640		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1641	}
1642}
1643
1644void
1645updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1646	m->wy = m->my;
1647	m->wh = m->mh;
1648	if(m->showbar) {
1649		m->wh -= bh;
1650		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1651		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1652	}
1653	else
1654		m->by = -bh;
1655}
1656
1657void
1658updategeom(void) {
1659	int i, di, n = 1, x, y;
1660	unsigned int dui;
1661	Client *c;
1662	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1663	Window dummy;
1664
1665#ifdef XINULATOR
1666	n = 2;
1667#elif defined(XINERAMA)
1668	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1669
1670	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1671		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1672#endif
1673	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1674	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1675		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1676		m->next = newmons;
1677		newmons = m;
1678	}
1679
1680	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1681#ifdef XINULATOR
1682	if(1) {
1683		m = newmons;
1684		m->screen_number = 0;
1685		m->wx = sx;
1686		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1687		m->ww = sw;
1688		m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1689		m = newmons->next;
1690		m->screen_number = 1;
1691		m->wx = sx;
1692		m->my = m->wy = sy + sh / 2;
1693		m->ww = sw;
1694		m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1695	}
1696	else
1697#elif defined(XINERAMA)
1698	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1699		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1700			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1701			m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1702			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1703			m->ww = info[i].width;
1704			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1705		}
1706		XFree(info);
1707	}
1708	else
1709#endif
1710	/* default monitor setup */
1711	{
1712		m->screen_number = 0;
1713		m->wx = sx;
1714		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1715		m->ww = sw;
1716		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1717	}
1718
1719	/* bar geometry setup */
1720	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1721		/* TODO: consider removing the following values from config.h */
1722		m->clients = NULL;
1723		m->sel = NULL;
1724		m->stack = NULL;
1725		m->seltags = 0;
1726		m->sellt = 0;
1727		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1728		m->mfact = mfact;
1729		m->showbar = showbar;
1730		m->topbar = topbar;
1731		updatebarpos(m);
1732	}
1733
1734	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1735	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next) {
1736		while(tm->clients) {
1737			c = tm->clients;
1738			tm->clients = c->next;
1739			detachstack(c);
1740			c->mon = newmons;
1741			attach(c);
1742			attachstack(c);
1743		}
1744	}
1745
1746	/* select focused monitor */
1747	selmon = newmons;
1748	if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui)) 
1749		for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next)
1750			if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh)) {
1751				selmon = m;
1752				break;
1753			}
1754
1755	/* final assignment of new monitors */
1756	cleanupmons();
1757	mons = newmons;
1758}
1759
1760void
1761updatenumlockmask(void) {
1762	unsigned int i, j;
1763	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1764
1765	numlockmask = 0;
1766	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1767	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1768		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1769			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1770			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1771				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1772	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1773}
1774
1775void
1776updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1777	long msize;
1778	XSizeHints size;
1779
1780	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1781		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1782		size.flags = PSize;
1783	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1784		c->basew = size.base_width;
1785		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1786	}
1787	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1788		c->basew = size.min_width;
1789		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1790	}
1791	else
1792		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1793	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1794		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1795		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1796	}
1797	else
1798		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1799	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1800		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1801		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1802	}
1803	else
1804		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1805	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1806		c->minw = size.min_width;
1807		c->minh = size.min_height;
1808	}
1809	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1810		c->minw = size.base_width;
1811		c->minh = size.base_height;
1812	}
1813	else
1814		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1815	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1816		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1817		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1818	}
1819	else
1820		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1821	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1822	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1823}
1824
1825void
1826updatetitle(Client *c) {
1827	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1828		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1829}
1830
1831void
1832updatestatus() {
1833	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1834		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1835	drawbar(selmon);
1836}
1837
1838void
1839updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1840	XWMHints *wmh;
1841
1842	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1843		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1844			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1845			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1846		}
1847		else
1848			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1849
1850		XFree(wmh);
1851	}
1852}
1853
1854void
1855view(const Arg *arg) {
1856	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1857		return;
1858	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1859	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1860		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1861	arrange();
1862}
1863
1864/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1865 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1866 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1867int
1868xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1869	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1870	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1871	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1872	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1873	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1874	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1875	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1876	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1877	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1878		return 0;
1879	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1880			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1881	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1882}
1883
1884int
1885xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1886	return 0;
1887}
1888
1889/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1890 * is already running. */
1891int
1892xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1893	otherwm = True;
1894	return -1;
1895}
1896
1897void
1898zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1899	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1900
1901	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1902		return;
1903	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1904		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1905			return;
1906	detach(c);
1907	attach(c);
1908	focus(c);
1909	arrange();
1910}
1911
1912int
1913main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1914	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1915		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1916	else if(argc != 1)
1917		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1918
1919	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1920		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1921
1922	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1923		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1924
1925	checkotherwm();
1926	setup();
1927	scan();
1928	run();
1929	cleanup();
1930
1931	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1932	return 0;
1933}