1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define MAX(a, b)	((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  45#define MIN(a, b)	((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  46#define BUTTONMASK	(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  47#define CLEANMASK(mask)	(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  48#define LENGTH(x)	(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAXTAGLEN	16
  50#define MOUSEMASK	(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  51
  52/* enums */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int fx, fy, fw, fh;
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags;
  67	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101	Bool isfloating;
 102} Layout;
 103
 104typedef struct {
 105	const char *class;
 106	const char *instance;
 107	const char *title;
 108	const char *tag;
 109	Bool isfloating;
 110} Rule;
 111
 112/* function declarations */
 113void applyrules(Client *c);
 114void arrange(void);
 115void attach(Client *c);
 116void attachstack(Client *c);
 117void ban(Client *c);
 118void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 119void checkotherwm(void);
 120void cleanup(void);
 121void configure(Client *c);
 122void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 123void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 124unsigned int counttiled(void);
 125void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 126void detach(Client *c);
 127void detachstack(Client *c);
 128void drawbar(void);
 129void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 130void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 131void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 132void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 133void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 134void expose(XEvent *e);
 135void focus(Client *c);
 136void focusin(XEvent *e);
 137void focusnext(const char *arg);
 138void focusprev(const char *arg);
 139Client *getclient(Window w);
 140unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 141long getstate(Window w);
 142Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 143void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 144void grabkeys(void);
 145unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 146void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 147Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 148Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 149Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 150Bool isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp);
 151void keypress(XEvent *e);
 152void killclient(const char *arg);
 153void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 154void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 155void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 156void monocle(void);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const char *arg);
 161void reapply(const char *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setlayout(const char *arg);
 169void setmfact(const char *arg);
 170void setup(void);
 171void spawn(const char *arg);
 172void tag(const char *arg);
 173unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 174unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 175void tileh(void);
 176void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 177Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 178void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 179void tilev(void);
 180void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 181void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 182void toggletag(const char *arg);
 183void toggleview(const char *arg);
 184void unban(Client *c);
 185void unmanage(Client *c);
 186void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 187void updatebar(void);
 188void updategeom(void);
 189void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 190void updatetitle(Client *c);
 191void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 192void view(const char *arg);
 193void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 194int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 196int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 197void zoom(const char *arg);
 198
 199/* variables */
 200char stext[256];
 201int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 202int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 203int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 204int seltags = 0;
 205double mfact;
 206unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 207void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 208	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 209	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 210	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 211	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 212	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 213	[Expose] = expose,
 214	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 215	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 216	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 217	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 218	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 219	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 220};
 221Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 222Bool otherwm, readin;
 223Bool running = True;
 224Bool *tagset[2];
 225Client *clients = NULL;
 226Client *sel = NULL;
 227Client *stack = NULL;
 228Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 229Display *dpy;
 230DC dc = {0};
 231Layout layouts[];
 232Layout *lt = layouts;
 233Window root, barwin;
 234
 235/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 236#include "config.h"
 237#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 238
 239/* function implementations */
 240
 241void
 242applyrules(Client *c) {
 243	unsigned int i, j;
 244	Bool matched = False;
 245	Rule *r;
 246	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 247
 248	/* rule matching */
 249	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 250	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 251		r = &rules[i];
 252		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 253		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 254		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 255			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 256			if(r->tag) {
 257				if(r->tag[0] == '*' && r->tag[1] == 0)
 258					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 259						c->tags[j] = True;
 260				else
 261					c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 262				matched = True;
 263			}
 264		}
 265	}
 266	if(ch.res_class)
 267		XFree(ch.res_class);
 268	if(ch.res_name)
 269		XFree(ch.res_name);
 270	if(!matched)
 271		memcpy(c->tags, tagset[seltags], TAGSZ);
 272}
 273
 274void
 275arrange(void) {
 276	Client *c;
 277
 278	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 279		if(isvisible(c, NULL)) {
 280			unban(c);
 281			if(lt->isfloating || c->isfloating)
 282				resize(c, c->fx, c->fy, c->fw, c->fh, True);
 283		}
 284		else
 285			ban(c);
 286
 287	focus(NULL);
 288	if(lt->arrange)
 289		lt->arrange();
 290	restack();
 291}
 292
 293void
 294attach(Client *c) {
 295	if(clients)
 296		clients->prev = c;
 297	c->next = clients;
 298	clients = c;
 299}
 300
 301void
 302attachstack(Client *c) {
 303	c->snext = stack;
 304	stack = c;
 305}
 306
 307void
 308ban(Client *c) {
 309	if(c->isbanned)
 310		return;
 311	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 312	c->isbanned = True;
 313}
 314
 315void
 316buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 317	unsigned int i, x;
 318	Client *c;
 319	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 320
 321	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 322		x = 0;
 323		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 324			x += textw(tags[i]);
 325			if(ev->x < x) {
 326				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 327					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 328						tag(tags[i]);
 329					else
 330						view(tags[i]);
 331				}
 332				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 333					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 334						toggletag(tags[i]);
 335					else
 336						toggleview(tags[i]);
 337				}
 338				return;
 339			}
 340		}
 341		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 342			setlayout(NULL);
 343	}
 344	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 345		focus(c);
 346		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 347			return;
 348		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 349			restack();
 350			movemouse(c);
 351		}
 352		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 353			if(!lt->isfloating && c->isfloating)
 354				togglefloating(NULL);
 355			else
 356				zoom(NULL);
 357		}
 358		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 359			restack();
 360			resizemouse(c);
 361		}
 362	}
 363}
 364
 365void
 366checkotherwm(void) {
 367	otherwm = False;
 368	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 369
 370	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 371	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 372	XSync(dpy, False);
 373	if(otherwm)
 374		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 375	XSync(dpy, False);
 376	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 377	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 378	XSync(dpy, False);
 379}
 380
 381void
 382cleanup(void) {
 383	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 384	while(stack) {
 385		unban(stack);
 386		unmanage(stack);
 387	}
 388	if(dc.font.set)
 389		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 390	else
 391		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 392	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 393	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 394	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 395	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 396	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 397	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 398	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 399	XSync(dpy, False);
 400	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 401}
 402
 403void
 404configure(Client *c) {
 405	XConfigureEvent ce;
 406
 407	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 408	ce.display = dpy;
 409	ce.event = c->win;
 410	ce.window = c->win;
 411	ce.x = c->x;
 412	ce.y = c->y;
 413	ce.width = c->w;
 414	ce.height = c->h;
 415	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 416	ce.above = None;
 417	ce.override_redirect = False;
 418	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 419}
 420
 421void
 422configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 423	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 424
 425	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 426		sw = ev->width;
 427		sh = ev->height;
 428		updategeom();
 429		updatebar();
 430		arrange();
 431	}
 432}
 433
 434void
 435configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 436	Client *c;
 437	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 438	XWindowChanges wc;
 439
 440	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 441		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 442			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 443		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 444			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 445				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 446			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 447				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 448			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 449				c->w = ev->width;
 450			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 451				c->h = ev->height;
 452			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 453				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 454			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 455				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 456			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 457			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 458				configure(c);
 459			if(isvisible(c, NULL))
 460				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 461		}
 462		else
 463			configure(c);
 464	}
 465	else {
 466		wc.x = ev->x;
 467		wc.y = ev->y;
 468		wc.width = ev->width;
 469		wc.height = ev->height;
 470		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 471		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 472		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 473		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 474	}
 475	XSync(dpy, False);
 476}
 477
 478unsigned int
 479counttiled(void) {
 480	unsigned int n;
 481	Client *c;
 482
 483	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 484	return n;
 485}
 486
 487void
 488destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 489	Client *c;
 490	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 491
 492	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 493		unmanage(c);
 494}
 495
 496void
 497detach(Client *c) {
 498	if(c->prev)
 499		c->prev->next = c->next;
 500	if(c->next)
 501		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 502	if(c == clients)
 503		clients = c->next;
 504	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 505}
 506
 507void
 508detachstack(Client *c) {
 509	Client **tc;
 510
 511	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 512	*tc = c->snext;
 513}
 514
 515void
 516drawbar(void) {
 517	int i, x;
 518	Client *c;
 519
 520	dc.x = 0;
 521	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 522	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 523		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 524		if(tagset[seltags][i]) {
 525			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 526			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 527		}
 528		else {
 529			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 530			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 531		}
 532		dc.x += dc.w;
 533	}
 534	if(blw > 0) {
 535		dc.w = blw;
 536		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 537		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 538	}
 539	else
 540		x = dc.x;
 541	dc.w = textw(stext);
 542	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 543	if(dc.x < x) {
 544		dc.x = x;
 545		dc.w = bw - x;
 546	}
 547	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 548	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 549		dc.x = x;
 550		if(c) {
 551			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 552			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 553		}
 554		else
 555			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 556	}
 557	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 558	XSync(dpy, False);
 559}
 560
 561void
 562drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 563	int x;
 564	XGCValues gcv;
 565	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 566
 567	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 568	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 569	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 570	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 571	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 572	if(filled) {
 573		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 574		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 575	}
 576	else if(empty) {
 577		r.width = r.height = x;
 578		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 579	}
 580}
 581
 582void
 583drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 584	int x, y, w, h;
 585	unsigned int len, olen;
 586	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 587	char buf[256];
 588
 589	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 590	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 591	if(!text)
 592		return;
 593	olen = strlen(text);
 594	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 595	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 596	w = 0;
 597	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 598	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 599	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 600	/* shorten text if necessary */
 601	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 602	if(!len)
 603		return;
 604	if(len < olen) {
 605		if(len > 1)
 606			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 607		if(len > 2)
 608			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 609		if(len > 3)
 610			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 611	}
 612	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 613	if(dc.font.set)
 614		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 615	else
 616		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 617}
 618
 619void *
 620emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 621	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 622
 623	if(!res)
 624		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 625	return res;
 626}
 627
 628void
 629enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 630	Client *c;
 631	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 632
 633	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 634		return;
 635	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 636		focus(c);
 637	else
 638		focus(NULL);
 639}
 640
 641void
 642eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 643	va_list ap;
 644
 645	va_start(ap, errstr);
 646	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 647	va_end(ap);
 648	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 649}
 650
 651void
 652expose(XEvent *e) {
 653	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 654
 655	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 656		drawbar();
 657}
 658
 659void
 660focus(Client *c) {
 661	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c, NULL)))
 662		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 663	if(sel && sel != c) {
 664		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 665		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 666	}
 667	if(c) {
 668		detachstack(c);
 669		attachstack(c);
 670		grabbuttons(c, True);
 671	}
 672	sel = c;
 673	if(c) {
 674		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 675		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 676	}
 677	else
 678		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 679	drawbar();
 680}
 681
 682void
 683focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 684	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 685
 686	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 687		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 688}
 689
 690void
 691focusnext(const char *arg) {
 692	Client *c;
 693
 694	if(!sel)
 695		return;
 696	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 697	if(!c)
 698		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 699	if(c) {
 700		focus(c);
 701		restack();
 702	}
 703}
 704
 705void
 706focusprev(const char *arg) {
 707	Client *c;
 708
 709	if(!sel)
 710		return;
 711	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 712	if(!c) {
 713		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 714		for(; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 715	}
 716	if(c) {
 717		focus(c);
 718		restack();
 719	}
 720}
 721
 722Client *
 723getclient(Window w) {
 724	Client *c;
 725
 726	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 727	return c;
 728}
 729
 730unsigned long
 731getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 732	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 733	XColor color;
 734
 735	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 736		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 737	return color.pixel;
 738}
 739
 740long
 741getstate(Window w) {
 742	int format, status;
 743	long result = -1;
 744	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 745	unsigned long n, extra;
 746	Atom real;
 747
 748	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 749			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 750	if(status != Success)
 751		return -1;
 752	if(n != 0)
 753		result = *p;
 754	XFree(p);
 755	return result;
 756}
 757
 758Bool
 759gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 760	char **list = NULL;
 761	int n;
 762	XTextProperty name;
 763
 764	if(!text || size == 0)
 765		return False;
 766	text[0] = '\0';
 767	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 768	if(!name.nitems)
 769		return False;
 770	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 771		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 772	else {
 773		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 774		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 775			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 776			XFreeStringList(list);
 777		}
 778	}
 779	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 780	XFree(name.value);
 781	return True;
 782}
 783
 784void
 785grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 786	int i, j;
 787	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 788	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 789				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 790
 791	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 792	if(focused)
 793		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 794			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 795				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 796					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 797	else
 798		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 799			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 800}
 801
 802void
 803grabkeys(void) {
 804	unsigned int i, j;
 805	KeyCode code;
 806	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 807
 808	/* init modifier map */
 809	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 810	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 811		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 812			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 813				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 814		}
 815	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 816
 817	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 818	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 819		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 820		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 822		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 824		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 826		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 827				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 828	}
 829}
 830
 831unsigned int
 832idxoftag(const char *t) {
 833	unsigned int i;
 834
 835	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 836	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 837}
 838
 839void
 840initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 841	char *def, **missing;
 842	int i, n;
 843
 844	missing = NULL;
 845	if(dc.font.set)
 846		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 847	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 848	if(missing) {
 849		while(n--)
 850			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 851		XFreeStringList(missing);
 852	}
 853	if(dc.font.set) {
 854		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 855		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 856		char **font_names;
 857		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 858		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 859		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 860		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 861			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 862			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 863			xfonts++;
 864		}
 865	}
 866	else {
 867		if(dc.font.xfont)
 868			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 869		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 870		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 871		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 872			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 873		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 874		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 875	}
 876	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 877}
 878
 879Bool
 880isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 881	Client *c;
 882
 883	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 884		if(c->tags[t])
 885			return True;
 886	return False;
 887}
 888
 889Bool
 890isprotodel(Client *c) {
 891	int i, n;
 892	Atom *protocols;
 893	Bool ret = False;
 894
 895	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 896		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 897			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 898				ret = True;
 899		XFree(protocols);
 900	}
 901	return ret;
 902}
 903
 904Bool
 905isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 906	Client *c;
 907
 908	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 909		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 910			return True;
 911	return False;
 912}
 913
 914Bool
 915isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp) {
 916	unsigned int i;
 917
 918	if(!cmp)
 919		cmp = tagset[seltags];
 920	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 921		if(c->tags[i] && cmp[i])
 922			return True;
 923	return False;
 924}
 925
 926void
 927keypress(XEvent *e) {
 928	unsigned int i;
 929	KeySym keysym;
 930	XKeyEvent *ev;
 931
 932	ev = &e->xkey;
 933	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 934	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 935		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 936		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 937		{
 938			if(keys[i].func)
 939				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 940		}
 941}
 942
 943void
 944killclient(const char *arg) {
 945	XEvent ev;
 946
 947	if(!sel)
 948		return;
 949	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 950		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 951		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 952		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 953		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 954		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 955		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 956		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 957	}
 958	else
 959		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 960}
 961
 962void
 963manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 964	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 965	Status rettrans;
 966	Window trans;
 967	XWindowChanges wc;
 968
 969	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 970	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 971	c->win = w;
 972
 973	/* geometry */
 974	c->x = wa->x;
 975	c->y = wa->y;
 976	c->w = c->fw = wa->width;
 977	c->h = c->fh = wa->height;
 978	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 979	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 980		c->x = sx;
 981		c->y = sy;
 982		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 983	}
 984	else {
 985		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
 986			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 987		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
 988			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 989		c->x = MAX(c->x, wx);
 990		c->y = MAX(c->y, wy);
 991		c->bw = BORDERPX;
 992	}
 993	c->fx = c->x;
 994	c->fy = c->y;
 995
 996	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 997	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 998	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 999	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1000	updatesizehints(c);
1001	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1002	grabbuttons(c, False);
1003	updatetitle(c);
1004	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1005		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1006	if(t)
1007		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1008	else
1009		applyrules(c);
1010	if(!c->isfloating)
1011		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1012	attach(c);
1013	attachstack(c);
1014	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1015	ban(c);
1016	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1017	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1018	arrange();
1019}
1020
1021void
1022mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1023	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1024
1025	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1026	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1027		grabkeys();
1028}
1029
1030void
1031maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1032	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1033	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1034
1035	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1036		return;
1037	if(wa.override_redirect)
1038		return;
1039	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1040		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1041}
1042
1043void
1044monocle(void) {
1045	Client *c;
1046
1047	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1048		if((lt->isfloating || !c->isfloating) && isvisible(c, NULL))
1049			resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1050}
1051
1052void
1053movemouse(Client *c) {
1054	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1055	unsigned int dui;
1056	Window dummy;
1057	XEvent ev;
1058
1059	ocx = nx = c->x;
1060	ocy = ny = c->y;
1061	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1062	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1063		return;
1064	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1065	for(;;) {
1066		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1067		switch (ev.type) {
1068		case ButtonRelease:
1069			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1070			return;
1071		case ConfigureRequest:
1072		case Expose:
1073		case MapRequest:
1074			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1075			break;
1076		case MotionNotify:
1077			XSync(dpy, False);
1078			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1079			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1080			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1081				nx = wx;
1082			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1083				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1084			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1085				ny = wy;
1086			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1087				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1088			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1089				togglefloating(NULL);
1090			if(lt->isfloating || c->isfloating) {
1091				c->fx = nx;
1092				c->fy = ny;
1093				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1094			}
1095			break;
1096		}
1097	}
1098}
1099
1100Client *
1101nexttiled(Client *c) {
1102	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c, NULL)); c = c->next);
1103	return c;
1104}
1105
1106void
1107propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1108	Client *c;
1109	Window trans;
1110	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1111
1112	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1113		return; /* ignore */
1114	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1115		switch (ev->atom) {
1116		default: break;
1117		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1118			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1119			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1120				arrange();
1121			break;
1122		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1123			updatesizehints(c);
1124			break;
1125		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1126			updatewmhints(c);
1127			drawbar();
1128			break;
1129		}
1130		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1131			updatetitle(c);
1132			if(c == sel)
1133				drawbar();
1134		}
1135	}
1136}
1137
1138void
1139quit(const char *arg) {
1140	readin = running = False;
1141}
1142
1143void
1144reapply(const char *arg) {
1145	Client *c;
1146
1147	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1148		memset(c->tags, 0, TAGSZ);
1149		applyrules(c);
1150	}
1151	arrange();
1152}
1153
1154void
1155resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1156	XWindowChanges wc;
1157
1158	if(sizehints) {
1159		/* set minimum possible */
1160		w = MAX(1, w);
1161		h = MAX(1, h);
1162
1163		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1164		w -= c->basew;
1165		h -= c->baseh;
1166
1167		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1168		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1169		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1170			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1171				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1172			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1173				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1174		}
1175
1176		/* adjust for increment value */
1177		if(c->incw)
1178			w -= w % c->incw;
1179		if(c->inch)
1180			h -= h % c->inch;
1181
1182		/* restore base dimensions */
1183		w += c->basew;
1184		h += c->baseh;
1185
1186		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1187		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1188		
1189		if (c->maxw)
1190			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1191
1192		if (c->maxh)
1193			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1194	}
1195	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1196		return;
1197	if(x > sx + sw)
1198		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1199	if(y > sy + sh)
1200		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1201	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1202		x = sx;
1203	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1204		y = sy;
1205	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1206		c->x = wc.x = x;
1207		c->y = wc.y = y;
1208		c->w = wc.width = w;
1209		c->h = wc.height = h;
1210		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1211		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1212				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1213		configure(c);
1214		XSync(dpy, False);
1215	}
1216}
1217
1218void
1219resizemouse(Client *c) {
1220	int ocx, ocy;
1221	int nw, nh;
1222	XEvent ev;
1223
1224	ocx = c->x;
1225	ocy = c->y;
1226	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1227	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1228		return;
1229	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1230	for(;;) {
1231		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1232		switch(ev.type) {
1233		case ButtonRelease:
1234			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1235					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1236			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1237			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1238			return;
1239		case ConfigureRequest:
1240		case Expose:
1241		case MapRequest:
1242			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1243			break;
1244		case MotionNotify:
1245			XSync(dpy, False);
1246			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1247			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1248			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP)) {
1249				c->fx = c->x;
1250				c->fy = c->y;
1251				togglefloating(NULL);
1252			}
1253			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating) {
1254				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1255				c->fw = nw;
1256				c->fh = nh;
1257			}
1258			break;
1259		}
1260	}
1261}
1262
1263void
1264restack(void) {
1265	Client *c;
1266	XEvent ev;
1267	XWindowChanges wc;
1268
1269	drawbar();
1270	if(!sel)
1271		return;
1272	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1273		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1274	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1275		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1276		wc.sibling = barwin;
1277		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1278			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c, NULL)) {
1279				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1280				wc.sibling = c->win;
1281			}
1282	}
1283	XSync(dpy, False);
1284	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1285}
1286
1287void
1288run(void) {
1289	char *p;
1290	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1291	fd_set rd;
1292	int r, xfd;
1293	unsigned int len, offset;
1294	XEvent ev;
1295
1296	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1297	XSync(dpy, False);
1298	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1299	readin = True;
1300	offset = 0;
1301	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1302	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1303	while(running) {
1304		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1305		if(readin)
1306			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1307		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1308		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1309			if(errno == EINTR)
1310				continue;
1311			eprint("select failed\n");
1312		}
1313		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1314			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1315			case -1:
1316				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1317				readin = False;
1318				break;
1319			case 0:
1320				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1321				readin = False;
1322				break;
1323			default:
1324				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1325					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1326						*p = '\0';
1327						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1328						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1329						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1330						offset = r;
1331						if(r)
1332							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1333						break;
1334					}
1335				break;
1336			}
1337			drawbar();
1338		}
1339		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1340			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1341			if(handler[ev.type])
1342				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1343		}
1344	}
1345}
1346
1347void
1348scan(void) {
1349	unsigned int i, num;
1350	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1351	XWindowAttributes wa;
1352
1353	wins = NULL;
1354	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1355		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1356			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1357			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1358				continue;
1359			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1360				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1361		}
1362		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1363			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1364				continue;
1365			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1366			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1367				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1368		}
1369	}
1370	if(wins)
1371		XFree(wins);
1372}
1373
1374void
1375setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1376	long data[] = {state, None};
1377
1378	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1379			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1380}
1381
1382void
1383setlayout(const char *arg) {
1384	unsigned int i;
1385
1386	if(!arg) {
1387		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1388			lt = &layouts[0];
1389	}
1390	else {
1391		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1392			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1393				break;
1394		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1395			return;
1396		lt = &layouts[i];
1397	}
1398	if(sel)
1399		arrange();
1400	else
1401		drawbar();
1402}
1403
1404void
1405setmfact(const char *arg) {
1406	double d;
1407
1408	if(lt->isfloating)
1409		return;
1410	if(!arg)
1411		mfact = MFACT;
1412	else {
1413		d = strtod(arg, NULL);
1414		if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+')
1415			d += mfact;
1416		if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1417			return;
1418		mfact = d;
1419	}
1420	updategeom();
1421	arrange();
1422}
1423
1424void
1425setup(void) {
1426	unsigned int i, w;
1427	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1428
1429	/* init screen */
1430	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1431	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1432	initfont(FONT);
1433	sx = 0;
1434	sy = 0;
1435	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1436	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1437	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1438	mfact = MFACT;
1439	updategeom();
1440
1441	/* init atoms */
1442	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1443	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1444	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1445	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1446	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1447	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1448
1449	/* init cursors */
1450	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1451	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1452	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1453
1454	/* init appearance */
1455	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1456	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1457	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1458	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1459	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1460	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1461	initfont(FONT);
1462	dc.h = bh;
1463	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1464	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1465	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1466	if(!dc.font.set)
1467		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1468
1469	/* init tags */
1470	tagset[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1471	tagset[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1472	tagset[0][0] = tagset[1][0] = True;
1473
1474	/* init bar */
1475	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1476		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1477		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1478	}
1479
1480	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1481	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1482	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1483
1484	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1485			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1486			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1487	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1488	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1489	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1490	drawbar();
1491
1492	/* EWMH support per view */
1493	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1494			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1495
1496	/* select for events */
1497	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1498			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1499	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1500	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1501
1502
1503	/* grab keys */
1504	grabkeys();
1505}
1506
1507void
1508spawn(const char *arg) {
1509	static char *shell = NULL;
1510
1511	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1512		shell = "/bin/sh";
1513	if(!arg)
1514		return;
1515	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1516	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1517	if(fork() == 0) {
1518		if(fork() == 0) {
1519			if(dpy)
1520				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1521			setsid();
1522			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1523			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1524			perror(" failed");
1525		}
1526		exit(0);
1527	}
1528	wait(0);
1529}
1530
1531void
1532tag(const char *arg) {
1533	unsigned int i;
1534
1535	if(!sel)
1536		return;
1537	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1538		sel->tags[i] = (arg == NULL);
1539	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1540	arrange();
1541}
1542
1543unsigned int
1544textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1545	XRectangle r;
1546
1547	if(dc.font.set) {
1548		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1549		return r.width;
1550	}
1551	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1552}
1553
1554unsigned int
1555textw(const char *text) {
1556	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1557}
1558
1559void
1560tileh(void) {
1561	int x, w;
1562	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1563	Client *c;
1564
1565	if(n == 0)
1566		return;
1567	c = tilemaster(n);
1568	if(--n == 0)
1569		return;
1570
1571	x = tx;
1572	w = tw / n;
1573	if(w < bh)
1574		w = tw;
1575
1576	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1577		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1578			tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1579		else
1580			tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1581		if(w != tw)
1582			x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1583	}
1584}
1585
1586Client *
1587tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1588	Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1589
1590	if(n == 1)
1591		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1592	else
1593		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1594	return c;
1595}
1596
1597void
1598tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1599	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1600	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1601		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1602		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1603}
1604
1605void
1606tilev(void) {
1607	int y, h;
1608	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1609	Client *c;
1610
1611	if(n == 0)
1612		return;
1613	c = tilemaster(n);
1614	if(--n == 0)
1615		return;
1616
1617	y = ty;
1618	h = th / n;
1619	if(h < bh)
1620		h = th;
1621
1622	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1623		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1624			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1625		else
1626			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1627		if(h != th)
1628			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1629	}
1630}
1631
1632void
1633togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1634	if(!sel)
1635		return;
1636	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1637	if(sel->isfloating)
1638		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1639	arrange();
1640}
1641
1642void
1643toggletag(const char *arg) {
1644	unsigned int i, j;
1645
1646	if(!sel)
1647		return;
1648	i = idxoftag(arg);
1649	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1650	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1651	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1652		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1653	arrange();
1654}
1655
1656void
1657toggleview(const char *arg) {
1658	unsigned int i, j;
1659
1660	i = idxoftag(arg);
1661	tagset[seltags][i] = !tagset[seltags][i];
1662	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !tagset[seltags][j]; j++);
1663	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1664		tagset[seltags][i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1665	arrange();
1666}
1667
1668void
1669unban(Client *c) {
1670	if(!c->isbanned)
1671		return;
1672	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1673	c->isbanned = False;
1674}
1675
1676void
1677unmanage(Client *c) {
1678	XWindowChanges wc;
1679
1680	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1681	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1682	XGrabServer(dpy);
1683	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1684	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1685	detach(c);
1686	detachstack(c);
1687	if(sel == c)
1688		focus(NULL);
1689	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1690	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1691	free(c->tags);
1692	free(c);
1693	XSync(dpy, False);
1694	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1695	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1696	arrange();
1697}
1698
1699void
1700unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1701	Client *c;
1702	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1703
1704	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1705		unmanage(c);
1706}
1707
1708void
1709updatebar(void) {
1710	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1711		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1712	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1713	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1714}
1715
1716void
1717updategeom(void) {
1718
1719	/* bar geometry */
1720	bx = 0;
1721	by = 0;
1722	bw = sw;
1723
1724	/* window area geometry */
1725	wx = sx;
1726	wy = sy + bh;
1727	ww = sw;
1728	wh = sh - bh;
1729
1730	/* master area geometry */
1731	mx = wx;
1732	my = wy;
1733	mw = mfact * ww;
1734	mh = wh;
1735
1736	/* tile area geometry */
1737	tx = mx + mw;
1738	ty = wy;
1739	tw = ww - mw;
1740	th = wh;
1741}
1742
1743void
1744updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1745	long msize;
1746	XSizeHints size;
1747
1748	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1749		size.flags = PSize;
1750	c->flags = size.flags;
1751	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1752		c->basew = size.base_width;
1753		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1754	}
1755	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1756		c->basew = size.min_width;
1757		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1758	}
1759	else
1760		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1761	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1762		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1763		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1764	}
1765	else
1766		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1767	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1768		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1769		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1770	}
1771	else
1772		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1773	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1774		c->minw = size.min_width;
1775		c->minh = size.min_height;
1776	}
1777	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1778		c->minw = size.base_width;
1779		c->minh = size.base_height;
1780	}
1781	else
1782		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1783	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1784		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1785		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1786		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1787		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1788	}
1789	else
1790		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1791	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1792			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1793}
1794
1795void
1796updatetitle(Client *c) {
1797	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1798		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1799}
1800
1801void
1802updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1803	XWMHints *wmh;
1804
1805	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1806		if(c == sel)
1807			sel->isurgent = False;
1808		else
1809			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1810		XFree(wmh);
1811	}
1812}
1813
1814void
1815view(const char *arg) {
1816	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1817	memset(tagset[seltags], (NULL == arg), TAGSZ);
1818	tagset[seltags][idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1819	arrange();
1820}
1821
1822void
1823viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1824	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1825	arrange();
1826}
1827
1828/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1829 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1830 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1831int
1832xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1833	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1834	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1835	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1836	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1837	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1838	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1839	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1840	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1841	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1842		return 0;
1843	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1844			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1845	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1846}
1847
1848int
1849xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1850	return 0;
1851}
1852
1853/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1854 * is already running. */
1855int
1856xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1857	otherwm = True;
1858	return -1;
1859}
1860
1861void
1862zoom(const char *arg) {
1863	Client *c = sel;
1864
1865	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1866		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1867			return;
1868	if(!lt->isfloating && !sel->isfloating) {
1869		detach(c);
1870		attach(c);
1871		focus(c);
1872	}
1873	arrange();
1874}
1875
1876int
1877main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1878	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1879		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1880	else if(argc != 1)
1881		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1882
1883	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1884	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1885		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1886
1887	checkotherwm();
1888	setup();
1889	scan();
1890	run();
1891	cleanup();
1892
1893	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1894	return 0;
1895}