1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  48#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  50#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  51#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  52#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  54#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  55#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66typedef union {
  67	int i;
  68	unsigned int ui;
  69	float f;
  70	void *v;
  71} Arg;
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	unsigned int click;
  75	unsigned int mask;
  76	unsigned int button;
  77	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78	const Arg arg;
  79} Button;
  80
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Window win;
  93};
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	int x, y, w, h;
  97	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  98	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  99	Drawable drawable;
 100	GC gc;
 101	struct {
 102		int ascent;
 103		int descent;
 104		int height;
 105		XFontSet set;
 106		XFontStruct *xfont;
 107	} font;
 108} DC; /* draw context */
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	unsigned int mod;
 112	KeySym keysym;
 113	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 114	const Arg arg;
 115} Key;
 116
 117typedef struct {
 118	const char *symbol;
 119	void (*arrange)(void);
 120} Layout;
 121
 122typedef struct {
 123	const char *class;
 124	const char *instance;
 125	const char *title;
 126	unsigned int tags;
 127	Bool isfloating;
 128} Rule;
 129
 130/* function declarations */
 131static void applyrules(Client *c);
 132static void arrange(void);
 133static void attach(Client *c);
 134static void attachstack(Client *c);
 135static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 136static void checkotherwm(void);
 137static void cleanup(void);
 138static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 139static void configure(Client *c);
 140static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 141static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 142static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 143static void detach(Client *c);
 144static void detachstack(Client *c);
 145static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 146static void drawbar(void);
 147static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 148static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 149static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 150static void expose(XEvent *e);
 151static void focus(Client *c);
 152static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 153static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 154static Client *getclient(Window w);
 155static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 156static long getstate(Window w);
 157static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 158static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 159static void grabkeys(void);
 160static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 161static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 162static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 163static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 164static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 165static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 166static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 167static void monocle(void);
 168static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 169static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 170static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 171static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 172static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 173static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 174static void restack(void);
 175static void run(void);
 176static void scan(void);
 177static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 178static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 179static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 180static void setup(void);
 181static void showhide(Client *c);
 182static void sigchld(int signal);
 183static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 184static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 185static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 186static void tile(void);
 187static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 188static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 189static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 190static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 191static void unmanage(Client *c);
 192static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 193static void updatebar(void);
 194static void updategeom(void);
 195static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 196static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 197static void updatestatus(void);
 198static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 199static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 200static void view(const Arg *arg);
 201static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 202static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 205
 206/* variables */
 207static char stext[256];
 208static int screen;
 209static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 210static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 211static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 212static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 213static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 214static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 215static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 216	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 217	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 218	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 219	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 220	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 221	[Expose] = expose,
 222	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 223	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 224	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 225	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 226	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 227	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 228};
 229static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 230static Bool otherwm;
 231static Bool running = True;
 232static Client *clients = NULL;
 233static Client *sel = NULL;
 234static Client *stack = NULL;
 235static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 236static Display *dpy;
 237static DC dc;
 238static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 239static Window root, barwin;
 240/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 241#include "config.h"
 242
 243/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 244struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 245
 246/* function implementations */
 247void
 248applyrules(Client *c) {
 249	unsigned int i;
 250	Rule *r;
 251	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 252
 253	/* rule matching */
 254	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 255		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 256			r = &rules[i];
 257			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 258			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 259			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 260				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 261				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 262			}
 263		}
 264		if(ch.res_class)
 265			XFree(ch.res_class);
 266		if(ch.res_name)
 267			XFree(ch.res_name);
 268	}
 269	if(!c->tags)
 270		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 271}
 272
 273void
 274arrange(void) {
 275	showhide(stack);
 276	focus(NULL);
 277	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 278		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 279	restack();
 280}
 281
 282void
 283attach(Client *c) {
 284	c->next = clients;
 285	clients = c;
 286}
 287
 288void
 289attachstack(Client *c) {
 290	c->snext = stack;
 291	stack = c;
 292}
 293
 294void
 295buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 296	unsigned int i, x, click;
 297	Arg arg = {0};
 298	Client *c;
 299	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 300
 301	click = ClkRootWin;
 302	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 303		i = x = 0;
 304		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 305		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 306			click = ClkTagBar;
 307			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 308		}
 309		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 310			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 311		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 312			click = ClkStatusText;
 313		else
 314			click = ClkWinTitle;
 315	}
 316	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 317		focus(c);
 318		click = ClkClientWin;
 319	}
 320
 321	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 322		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 323		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 324			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 325}
 326
 327void
 328checkotherwm(void) {
 329	otherwm = False;
 330	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 331
 332	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 333	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 334	XSync(dpy, False);
 335	if(otherwm)
 336		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 337	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 338	XSync(dpy, False);
 339}
 340
 341void
 342cleanup(void) {
 343	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 344	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 345
 346	view(&a);
 347	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 348	while(stack)
 349		unmanage(stack);
 350	if(dc.font.set)
 351		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 352	else
 353		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 354	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 355	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 356	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 357	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 358	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 359	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 360	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 361	XSync(dpy, False);
 362	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 363}
 364
 365void
 366clearurgent(Client *c) {
 367	XWMHints *wmh;
 368
 369	c->isurgent = False;
 370	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 371		return;
 372	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 373	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 374	XFree(wmh);
 375}
 376
 377void
 378configure(Client *c) {
 379	XConfigureEvent ce;
 380
 381	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 382	ce.display = dpy;
 383	ce.event = c->win;
 384	ce.window = c->win;
 385	ce.x = c->x;
 386	ce.y = c->y;
 387	ce.width = c->w;
 388	ce.height = c->h;
 389	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 390	ce.above = None;
 391	ce.override_redirect = False;
 392	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 393}
 394
 395void
 396configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 397	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 398
 399	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 400		sw = ev->width;
 401		sh = ev->height;
 402		updategeom();
 403		updatebar();
 404		arrange();
 405	}
 406}
 407
 408void
 409configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 410	Client *c;
 411	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 412	XWindowChanges wc;
 413
 414	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 415		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 416			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 417		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 418			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 419				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 420			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 421				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 422			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 423				c->w = ev->width;
 424			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 425				c->h = ev->height;
 426			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 427				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 428			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 429				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 430			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 431				configure(c);
 432			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 433				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 434		}
 435		else
 436			configure(c);
 437	}
 438	else {
 439		wc.x = ev->x;
 440		wc.y = ev->y;
 441		wc.width = ev->width;
 442		wc.height = ev->height;
 443		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 444		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 445		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 446		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 447	}
 448	XSync(dpy, False);
 449}
 450
 451void
 452destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 453	Client *c;
 454	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 455
 456	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 457		unmanage(c);
 458}
 459
 460void
 461detach(Client *c) {
 462	Client **tc;
 463
 464	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 465	*tc = c->next;
 466}
 467
 468void
 469detachstack(Client *c) {
 470	Client **tc;
 471
 472	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 473	*tc = c->snext;
 474}
 475
 476void
 477die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 478	va_list ap;
 479
 480	va_start(ap, errstr);
 481	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 482	va_end(ap);
 483	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 484}
 485
 486void
 487drawbar(void) {
 488	int x;
 489	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 490	unsigned long *col;
 491	Client *c;
 492
 493	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 494		occ |= c->tags;
 495		if(c->isurgent)
 496			urg |= c->tags;
 497	}
 498
 499	dc.x = 0;
 500	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 501		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 502		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 503		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 504		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 505		dc.x += dc.w;
 506	}
 507	if(blw > 0) {
 508		dc.w = blw;
 509		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 510		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 511	}
 512	else
 513		x = dc.x;
 514	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 515	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 516	if(dc.x < x) {
 517		dc.x = x;
 518		dc.w = ww - x;
 519	}
 520	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 521	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 522		dc.x = x;
 523		if(sel) {
 524			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 525			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 526		}
 527		else
 528			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 529	}
 530	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 531	XSync(dpy, False);
 532}
 533
 534void
 535drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 536	int x;
 537	XGCValues gcv;
 538	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 539
 540	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 541	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 542	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 543	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 544	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 545	if(filled) {
 546		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 547		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 548	}
 549	else if(empty) {
 550		r.width = r.height = x;
 551		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 552	}
 553}
 554
 555void
 556drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 557	char buf[256];
 558	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 559	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 560
 561	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 562	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 563	if(!text)
 564		return;
 565	olen = strlen(text);
 566	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 567	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 568	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 569	/* shorten text if necessary */
 570	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 571	if(!len)
 572		return;
 573	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 574	if(len < olen)
 575		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 576	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 577	if(dc.font.set)
 578		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 579	else
 580		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 581}
 582
 583void
 584enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 585	Client *c;
 586	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 587
 588	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 589		return;
 590	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 591		focus(c);
 592	else
 593		focus(NULL);
 594}
 595
 596void
 597expose(XEvent *e) {
 598	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 599
 600	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 601		drawbar();
 602}
 603
 604void
 605focus(Client *c) {
 606	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 607		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 608	if(sel && sel != c) {
 609		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 610		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 611	}
 612	if(c) {
 613		if(c->isurgent)
 614			clearurgent(c);
 615		detachstack(c);
 616		attachstack(c);
 617		grabbuttons(c, True);
 618		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 619		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 620	}
 621	else
 622		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 623	sel = c;
 624	drawbar();
 625}
 626
 627void
 628focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 629	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 630
 631	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 632		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 633}
 634
 635void
 636focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 637	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 638
 639	if(!sel)
 640		return;
 641	if (arg->i > 0) {
 642		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 643		if(!c)
 644			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 645	}
 646	else {
 647		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 648			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 649				c = i;
 650		if(!c)
 651			for(; i; i = i->next)
 652				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 653					c = i;
 654	}
 655	if(c) {
 656		focus(c);
 657		restack();
 658	}
 659}
 660
 661Client *
 662getclient(Window w) {
 663	Client *c;
 664
 665	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 666	return c;
 667}
 668
 669unsigned long
 670getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 671	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 672	XColor color;
 673
 674	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 675		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 676	return color.pixel;
 677}
 678
 679long
 680getstate(Window w) {
 681	int format, status;
 682	long result = -1;
 683	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 684	unsigned long n, extra;
 685	Atom real;
 686
 687	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 688			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 689	if(status != Success)
 690		return -1;
 691	if(n != 0)
 692		result = *p;
 693	XFree(p);
 694	return result;
 695}
 696
 697Bool
 698gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 699	char **list = NULL;
 700	int n;
 701	XTextProperty name;
 702
 703	if(!text || size == 0)
 704		return False;
 705	text[0] = '\0';
 706	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 707	if(!name.nitems)
 708		return False;
 709	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 710		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 711	else {
 712		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 713		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 714			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 715			XFreeStringList(list);
 716		}
 717	}
 718	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 719	XFree(name.value);
 720	return True;
 721}
 722
 723void
 724grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 725	updatenumlockmask();
 726	{
 727		unsigned int i, j;
 728		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 729		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 730		if(focused) {
 731			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 732				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 733					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 734						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 735		} else
 736			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 737			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 738	}
 739}
 740
 741void
 742grabkeys(void) {
 743	updatenumlockmask();
 744	{ /* grab keys */
 745		unsigned int i, j;
 746		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 747		KeyCode code;
 748
 749		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 750		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 751			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 752				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 753					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 754						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 755		}
 756	}
 757}
 758
 759void
 760initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 761	char *def, **missing;
 762	int i, n;
 763
 764	missing = NULL;
 765	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 766	if(missing) {
 767		while(n--)
 768			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 769		XFreeStringList(missing);
 770	}
 771	if(dc.font.set) {
 772		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 773		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 774		char **font_names;
 775		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 776		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 777		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 778		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 779			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 780			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 781			xfonts++;
 782		}
 783	}
 784	else {
 785		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 786		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 787			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 788		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 789		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 790	}
 791	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 792}
 793
 794Bool
 795isprotodel(Client *c) {
 796	int i, n;
 797	Atom *protocols;
 798	Bool ret = False;
 799
 800	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 801		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 802			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 803				ret = True;
 804		XFree(protocols);
 805	}
 806	return ret;
 807}
 808
 809void
 810keypress(XEvent *e) {
 811	unsigned int i;
 812	KeySym keysym;
 813	XKeyEvent *ev;
 814
 815	ev = &e->xkey;
 816	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 817	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 818		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 819		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 820		   && keys[i].func)
 821			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 822}
 823
 824void
 825killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 826	XEvent ev;
 827
 828	if(!sel)
 829		return;
 830	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 831		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 832		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 833		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 834		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 835		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 836		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 837		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 838	}
 839	else
 840		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 841}
 842
 843void
 844manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 845	static Client cz;
 846	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 847	Window trans = None;
 848	XWindowChanges wc;
 849
 850	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 851		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 852	*c = cz;
 853	c->win = w;
 854
 855	/* geometry */
 856	c->x = wa->x;
 857	c->y = wa->y;
 858	c->w = wa->width;
 859	c->h = wa->height;
 860	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 861	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 862		c->x = sx;
 863		c->y = sy;
 864		c->bw = 0;
 865	}
 866	else {
 867		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 868			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 869		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 870			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 871		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 872		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 873		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 874		c->bw = borderpx;
 875	}
 876
 877	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 878	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 879	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 880	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 881	updatesizehints(c);
 882	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 883	grabbuttons(c, False);
 884	updatetitle(c);
 885	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 886		t = getclient(trans);
 887	if(t)
 888		c->tags = t->tags;
 889	else
 890		applyrules(c);
 891	if(!c->isfloating)
 892		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 893	if(c->isfloating)
 894		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 895	attach(c);
 896	attachstack(c);
 897	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 898	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 899	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 900	arrange();
 901}
 902
 903void
 904mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 905	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 906
 907	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 908	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 909		grabkeys();
 910}
 911
 912void
 913maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 914	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 915	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 916
 917	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 918		return;
 919	if(wa.override_redirect)
 920		return;
 921	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 922		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 923}
 924
 925void
 926monocle(void) {
 927	Client *c;
 928
 929	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 930		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 931}
 932
 933void
 934movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 935	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 936	unsigned int dui;
 937	Client *c;
 938	Window dummy;
 939	XEvent ev;
 940
 941	if(!(c = sel))
 942		return;
 943	restack();
 944	ocx = c->x;
 945	ocy = c->y;
 946	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 947	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 948		return;
 949	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
 950	if(usegrab)
 951		XGrabServer(dpy);
 952	do {
 953		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 954		switch (ev.type) {
 955		case ConfigureRequest:
 956		case Expose:
 957		case MapRequest:
 958			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 959			break;
 960		case MotionNotify:
 961			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
 962			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
 963			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
 964			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
 965				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
 966					nx = wx;
 967				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
 968					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
 969				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
 970					ny = wy;
 971				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
 972					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
 973				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
 974					togglefloating(NULL);
 975			}
 976			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 977				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
 978			break;
 979		}
 980	}
 981	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
 982	if(usegrab)
 983		XUngrabServer(dpy);
 984	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 985}
 986
 987Client *
 988nexttiled(Client *c) {
 989	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
 990	return c;
 991}
 992
 993void
 994propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
 995	Client *c;
 996	Window trans;
 997	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
 998
 999	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom = XA_WM_NAME))
1000		updatestatus();
1001	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1002		return; /* ignore */
1003	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1004		switch (ev->atom) {
1005		default: break;
1006		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1007			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1008			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1009				arrange();
1010			break;
1011		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1012			updatesizehints(c);
1013			break;
1014		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1015			updatewmhints(c);
1016			drawbar();
1017			break;
1018		}
1019		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1020			updatetitle(c);
1021			if(c == sel)
1022				drawbar();
1023		}
1024	}
1025}
1026
1027void
1028quit(const Arg *arg) {
1029	running = False;
1030}
1031
1032void
1033resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1034	XWindowChanges wc;
1035
1036	if(sizehints) {
1037		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
1038		Bool baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
1039
1040		/* set minimum possible */
1041		w = MAX(1, w);
1042		h = MAX(1, h);
1043
1044		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1045			w -= c->basew;
1046			h -= c->baseh;
1047		}
1048
1049		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1050		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1051			if(c->maxa < (float)w / h)
1052				w = h * c->maxa;
1053			else if(c->mina < (float)h / w)
1054				h = w * c->mina;
1055		}
1056
1057		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
1058			w -= c->basew;
1059			h -= c->baseh;
1060		}
1061
1062		/* adjust for increment value */
1063		if(c->incw)
1064			w -= w % c->incw;
1065		if(c->inch)
1066			h -= h % c->inch;
1067
1068		/* restore base dimensions */
1069		w += c->basew;
1070		h += c->baseh;
1071
1072		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1073		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1074
1075		if(c->maxw)
1076			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1077
1078		if(c->maxh)
1079			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1080	}
1081	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1082		return;
1083	if(x > sx + sw)
1084		x = sw - WIDTH(c);
1085	if(y > sy + sh)
1086		y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
1087	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1088		x = sx;
1089	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1090		y = sy;
1091	if(h < bh)
1092		h = bh;
1093	if(w < bh)
1094		w = bh;
1095	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1096		c->x = wc.x = x;
1097		c->y = wc.y = y;
1098		c->w = wc.width = w;
1099		c->h = wc.height = h;
1100		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1101		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1102				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1103		configure(c);
1104		XSync(dpy, False);
1105	}
1106}
1107
1108void
1109resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1110	int ocx, ocy;
1111	int nw, nh;
1112	Client *c;
1113	XEvent ev;
1114
1115	if(!(c = sel))
1116		return;
1117	restack();
1118	ocx = c->x;
1119	ocy = c->y;
1120	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1121	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1122		return;
1123	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1124	if(usegrab)
1125		XGrabServer(dpy);
1126	do {
1127		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1128		switch(ev.type) {
1129		case ConfigureRequest:
1130		case Expose:
1131		case MapRequest:
1132			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1133			break;
1134		case MotionNotify:
1135			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1136			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1137
1138			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1139			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1140				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1141				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1142					togglefloating(NULL);
1143			}
1144			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1145				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1146			break;
1147		}
1148	}
1149	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1150	if(usegrab)
1151		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1152	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1153	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1154	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1155}
1156
1157void
1158restack(void) {
1159	Client *c;
1160	XEvent ev;
1161	XWindowChanges wc;
1162
1163	drawbar();
1164	if(!sel)
1165		return;
1166	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1167		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1168	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1169		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1170		wc.sibling = barwin;
1171		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1172			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1173				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1174				wc.sibling = c->win;
1175			}
1176	}
1177	XSync(dpy, False);
1178	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1179}
1180
1181void
1182run(void) {
1183	XEvent ev;
1184
1185	/* main event loop */
1186	XSync(dpy, False);
1187	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1188		if(handler[ev.type])
1189			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1190	}
1191}
1192
1193void
1194scan(void) {
1195	unsigned int i, num;
1196	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1197	XWindowAttributes wa;
1198
1199	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1200		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1201			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1202			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1203				continue;
1204			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1205				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1206		}
1207		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1208			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1209				continue;
1210			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1211			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1212				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1213		}
1214		if(wins)
1215			XFree(wins);
1216	}
1217}
1218
1219void
1220setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1221	long data[] = {state, None};
1222
1223	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1224			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1225}
1226
1227void
1228setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1229	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1230		sellt ^= 1;
1231	if(arg && arg->v)
1232		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1233	if(sel)
1234		arrange();
1235	else
1236		drawbar();
1237}
1238
1239/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1240void
1241setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1242	float f;
1243
1244	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1245		return;
1246	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1247	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1248		return;
1249	mfact = f;
1250	arrange();
1251}
1252
1253void
1254setup(void) {
1255	unsigned int i;
1256	int w;
1257	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1258
1259	/* init screen */
1260	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1261	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1262	initfont(font);
1263	sx = 0;
1264	sy = 0;
1265	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1266	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1267	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1268	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1269	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1270	updategeom();
1271
1272	/* init atoms */
1273	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1274	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1275	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1276	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1277	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1278
1279	/* init cursors */
1280	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1281	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1282	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1283
1284	/* init appearance */
1285	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1286	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1287	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1288	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1289	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1290	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1291	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1292	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1293	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1294	if(!dc.font.set)
1295		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1296
1297	/* init bar */
1298	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1299		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1300		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1301	}
1302
1303	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1304	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1305	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1306
1307	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1308			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1309			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1310	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1311	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1312	updatestatus();
1313
1314	/* EWMH support per view */
1315	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1316			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1317
1318	/* select for events */
1319	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1320			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1321			|PropertyChangeMask;
1322	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1323	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1324
1325	grabkeys();
1326}
1327
1328void
1329showhide(Client *c) {
1330	if(!c)
1331		return;
1332	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1333		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1334		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1335			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1336		showhide(c->snext);
1337	}
1338	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1339		showhide(c->snext);
1340		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1341	}
1342}
1343
1344
1345void
1346sigchld(int signal) {
1347	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1348}
1349
1350void
1351spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1352	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1353	if(fork() == 0) {
1354		if(dpy)
1355			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1356		setsid();
1357		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1358		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1359		perror(" failed");
1360		exit(0);
1361	}
1362}
1363
1364void
1365tag(const Arg *arg) {
1366	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1367		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1368		arrange();
1369	}
1370}
1371
1372int
1373textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1374	XRectangle r;
1375
1376	if(dc.font.set) {
1377		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1378		return r.width;
1379	}
1380	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1381}
1382
1383void
1384tile(void) {
1385	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1386	unsigned int i, n;
1387	Client *c;
1388
1389	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1390	if(n == 0)
1391		return;
1392
1393	/* master */
1394	c = nexttiled(clients);
1395	mw = mfact * ww;
1396	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1397
1398	if(--n == 0)
1399		return;
1400
1401	/* tile stack */
1402	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1403	y = wy;
1404	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1405	h = wh / n;
1406	if(h < bh)
1407		h = wh;
1408
1409	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1410		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1411		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), resizehints);
1412		if(h != wh)
1413			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1414	}
1415}
1416
1417void
1418togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1419	showbar = !showbar;
1420	updategeom();
1421	updatebar();
1422	arrange();
1423}
1424
1425void
1426togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1427	if(!sel)
1428		return;
1429	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1430	if(sel->isfloating)
1431		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1432	arrange();
1433}
1434
1435void
1436toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1437	unsigned int mask;
1438
1439	if (!sel)
1440		return;
1441	
1442	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1443	if(sel && mask) {
1444		sel->tags = mask;
1445		arrange();
1446	}
1447}
1448
1449void
1450toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1451	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1452
1453	if(mask) {
1454		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1455		arrange();
1456	}
1457}
1458
1459void
1460unmanage(Client *c) {
1461	XWindowChanges wc;
1462
1463	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1464	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1465	XGrabServer(dpy);
1466	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1467	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1468	detach(c);
1469	detachstack(c);
1470	if(sel == c)
1471		focus(NULL);
1472	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1473	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1474	free(c);
1475	XSync(dpy, False);
1476	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1477	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1478	arrange();
1479}
1480
1481void
1482unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1483	Client *c;
1484	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1485
1486	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1487		unmanage(c);
1488}
1489
1490void
1491updatebar(void) {
1492	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1493		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1494	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1495	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1496}
1497
1498void
1499updategeom(void) {
1500#ifdef XINERAMA
1501	int n, i = 0;
1502	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1503
1504	/* window area geometry */
1505	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1506		if(n > 1) {
1507			int di, x, y;
1508			unsigned int dui;
1509			Window dummy;
1510			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1511				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1512					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1513						break;
1514		}
1515		wx = info[i].x_org;
1516		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1517		ww = info[i].width;
1518		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1519		XFree(info);
1520	}
1521	else
1522#endif
1523	{
1524		wx = sx;
1525		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1526		ww = sw;
1527		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1528	}
1529
1530	/* bar position */
1531	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1532}
1533
1534void
1535updatenumlockmask(void) {
1536	unsigned int i, j;
1537	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1538
1539	numlockmask = 0;
1540	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1541	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1542		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1543			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1544				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1545	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1546}
1547
1548void
1549updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1550	long msize;
1551	XSizeHints size;
1552
1553	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1554		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1555		size.flags = PSize; 
1556	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1557		c->basew = size.base_width;
1558		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1559	}
1560	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1561		c->basew = size.min_width;
1562		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1563	}
1564	else
1565		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1566	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1567		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1568		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1569	}
1570	else
1571		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1572	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1573		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1574		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1575	}
1576	else
1577		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1578	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1579		c->minw = size.min_width;
1580		c->minh = size.min_height;
1581	}
1582	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1583		c->minw = size.base_width;
1584		c->minh = size.base_height;
1585	}
1586	else
1587		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1588	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1589		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1590		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1591	}
1592	else
1593		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1594	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1595	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1596}
1597
1598void
1599updatetitle(Client *c) {
1600	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1601		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1602}
1603
1604void
1605updatestatus() {
1606	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1607		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1608	drawbar();
1609}
1610
1611void
1612updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1613	XWMHints *wmh;
1614
1615	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1616		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1617			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1618			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1619		}
1620		else
1621			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1622
1623		XFree(wmh);
1624	}
1625}
1626
1627void
1628view(const Arg *arg) {
1629	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1630		return;
1631	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1632	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1633		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1634	arrange();
1635}
1636
1637/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1638 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1639 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1640int
1641xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1642	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1643	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1644	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1645	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1646	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1647	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1648	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1649	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1650	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1651		return 0;
1652	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1653			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1654	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1655}
1656
1657int
1658xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1659	return 0;
1660}
1661
1662/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1663 * is already running. */
1664int
1665xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1666	otherwm = True;
1667	return -1;
1668}
1669
1670void
1671zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1672	Client *c = sel;
1673
1674	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1675		return;
1676	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1677		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1678			return;
1679	detach(c);
1680	attach(c);
1681	focus(c);
1682	arrange();
1683}
1684
1685int
1686main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1687	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1688		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1689	else if(argc != 1)
1690		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1691
1692	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1693		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1694
1695	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1696		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1697
1698	checkotherwm();
1699	setup();
1700	scan();
1701	run();
1702	cleanup();
1703
1704	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1705	return 0;
1706}