1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define MAX(a, b)	((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  45#define MIN(a, b)	((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  46#define BUTTONMASK	(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  47#define CLEANMASK(mask)	(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  48#define LENGTH(x)	(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAXTAGLEN	16
  50#define MOUSEMASK	(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  51
  52/* enums */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int fx, fy, fw, fh;
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags;
  67	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101	Bool isfloating;
 102} Layout;
 103
 104typedef struct {
 105	const char *class;
 106	const char *instance;
 107	const char *title;
 108	const char *tag;
 109	Bool isfloating;
 110} Rule;
 111
 112/* function declarations */
 113void applyrules(Client *c);
 114void arrange(void);
 115void attach(Client *c);
 116void attachstack(Client *c);
 117void ban(Client *c);
 118void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 119void checkotherwm(void);
 120void cleanup(void);
 121void configure(Client *c);
 122void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 123void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 124unsigned int counttiled(void);
 125void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 126void detach(Client *c);
 127void detachstack(Client *c);
 128void drawbar(void);
 129void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 130void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 131void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 132void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 133void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 134void expose(XEvent *e);
 135void focus(Client *c);
 136void focusin(XEvent *e);
 137void focusnext(const char *arg);
 138void focusprev(const char *arg);
 139Client *getclient(Window w);
 140unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 141long getstate(Window w);
 142Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 143void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 144void grabkeys(void);
 145unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 146void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 147Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 148Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 149Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 150Bool isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp);
 151void keypress(XEvent *e);
 152void killclient(const char *arg);
 153void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 154void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 155void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 156void monocle(void);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const char *arg);
 161void reapply(const char *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setlayout(const char *arg);
 169void setmfact(const char *arg);
 170void setup(void);
 171void spawn(const char *arg);
 172void tag(const char *arg);
 173unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 174unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 175void tileh(void);
 176void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 177Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 178void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 179void tilev(void);
 180void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 181void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 182void toggletag(const char *arg);
 183void toggleview(const char *arg);
 184void unban(Client *c);
 185void unmanage(Client *c);
 186void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 187void updatebar(void);
 188void updategeom(void);
 189void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 190void updatetitle(Client *c);
 191void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 192void view(const char *arg);
 193void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 194int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 196int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 197void zoom(const char *arg);
 198
 199/* variables */
 200char stext[256];
 201int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 202int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 203int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 204int seltags = 0;
 205double mfact;
 206unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 207void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 208	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 209	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 210	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 211	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 212	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 213	[Expose] = expose,
 214	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 215	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 216	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 217	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 218	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 219	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 220};
 221Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 222Bool otherwm, readin;
 223Bool running = True;
 224Bool *tagset[2];
 225Client *clients = NULL;
 226Client *sel = NULL;
 227Client *stack = NULL;
 228Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 229Display *dpy;
 230DC dc = {0};
 231Layout layouts[];
 232Layout *lt = layouts;
 233Window root, barwin;
 234
 235/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 236#include "config.h"
 237#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 238
 239/* function implementations */
 240
 241void
 242applyrules(Client *c) {
 243	unsigned int i;
 244	Bool matched = False;
 245	Rule *r;
 246	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 247
 248	/* rule matching */
 249	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 250	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 251		r = &rules[i];
 252		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 253		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 254		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 255			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 256			if(r->tag) {
 257				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 258				matched = True;
 259			}
 260		}
 261	}
 262	if(ch.res_class)
 263		XFree(ch.res_class);
 264	if(ch.res_name)
 265		XFree(ch.res_name);
 266	if(!matched)
 267		memcpy(c->tags, tagset[seltags], TAGSZ);
 268}
 269
 270void
 271arrange(void) {
 272	Client *c;
 273
 274	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 275		if(isvisible(c, NULL)) {
 276			unban(c);
 277			if(lt->isfloating || c->isfloating)
 278				resize(c, c->fx, c->fy, c->fw, c->fh, True);
 279		}
 280		else
 281			ban(c);
 282
 283	focus(NULL);
 284	if(lt->arrange)
 285		lt->arrange();
 286	restack();
 287}
 288
 289void
 290attach(Client *c) {
 291	if(clients)
 292		clients->prev = c;
 293	c->next = clients;
 294	clients = c;
 295}
 296
 297void
 298attachstack(Client *c) {
 299	c->snext = stack;
 300	stack = c;
 301}
 302
 303void
 304ban(Client *c) {
 305	if(c->isbanned)
 306		return;
 307	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 308	c->isbanned = True;
 309}
 310
 311void
 312buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 313	unsigned int i, x;
 314	Client *c;
 315	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 316
 317	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 318		x = 0;
 319		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 320			x += textw(tags[i]);
 321			if(ev->x < x) {
 322				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 323					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 324						tag(tags[i]);
 325					else
 326						view(tags[i]);
 327				}
 328				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 329					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 330						toggletag(tags[i]);
 331					else
 332						toggleview(tags[i]);
 333				}
 334				return;
 335			}
 336		}
 337		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 338			setlayout(NULL);
 339	}
 340	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 341		focus(c);
 342		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 343			return;
 344		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 345			restack();
 346			movemouse(c);
 347		}
 348		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 349			if(!lt->isfloating && c->isfloating)
 350				togglefloating(NULL);
 351			else
 352				zoom(NULL);
 353		}
 354		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 355			restack();
 356			resizemouse(c);
 357		}
 358	}
 359}
 360
 361void
 362checkotherwm(void) {
 363	otherwm = False;
 364	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 365
 366	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 367	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 368	XSync(dpy, False);
 369	if(otherwm)
 370		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 371	XSync(dpy, False);
 372	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 373	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 374	XSync(dpy, False);
 375}
 376
 377void
 378cleanup(void) {
 379	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 380	while(stack) {
 381		unban(stack);
 382		unmanage(stack);
 383	}
 384	if(dc.font.set)
 385		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 386	else
 387		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 388	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 389	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 390	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 391	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 392	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 393	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 394	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 395	XSync(dpy, False);
 396	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 397}
 398
 399void
 400configure(Client *c) {
 401	XConfigureEvent ce;
 402
 403	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 404	ce.display = dpy;
 405	ce.event = c->win;
 406	ce.window = c->win;
 407	ce.x = c->x;
 408	ce.y = c->y;
 409	ce.width = c->w;
 410	ce.height = c->h;
 411	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 412	ce.above = None;
 413	ce.override_redirect = False;
 414	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 415}
 416
 417void
 418configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 419	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 420
 421	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 422		sw = ev->width;
 423		sh = ev->height;
 424		updategeom();
 425		updatebar();
 426		arrange();
 427	}
 428}
 429
 430void
 431configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 432	Client *c;
 433	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 434	XWindowChanges wc;
 435
 436	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 437		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 438			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 439		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 440			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 441				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 442			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 443				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 444			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 445				c->w = ev->width;
 446			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 447				c->h = ev->height;
 448			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 449				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 450			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 451				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 452			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 453			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 454				configure(c);
 455			if(isvisible(c, NULL))
 456				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 457		}
 458		else
 459			configure(c);
 460	}
 461	else {
 462		wc.x = ev->x;
 463		wc.y = ev->y;
 464		wc.width = ev->width;
 465		wc.height = ev->height;
 466		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 467		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 468		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 469		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 470	}
 471	XSync(dpy, False);
 472}
 473
 474unsigned int
 475counttiled(void) {
 476	unsigned int n;
 477	Client *c;
 478
 479	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 480	return n;
 481}
 482
 483void
 484destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 485	Client *c;
 486	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 487
 488	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 489		unmanage(c);
 490}
 491
 492void
 493detach(Client *c) {
 494	if(c->prev)
 495		c->prev->next = c->next;
 496	if(c->next)
 497		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 498	if(c == clients)
 499		clients = c->next;
 500	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 501}
 502
 503void
 504detachstack(Client *c) {
 505	Client **tc;
 506
 507	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 508	*tc = c->snext;
 509}
 510
 511void
 512drawbar(void) {
 513	int i, x;
 514	Client *c;
 515
 516	dc.x = 0;
 517	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 518	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 519		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 520		if(tagset[seltags][i]) {
 521			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 522			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 523		}
 524		else {
 525			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 526			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 527		}
 528		dc.x += dc.w;
 529	}
 530	if(blw > 0) {
 531		dc.w = blw;
 532		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 533		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 534	}
 535	else
 536		x = dc.x;
 537	dc.w = textw(stext);
 538	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 539	if(dc.x < x) {
 540		dc.x = x;
 541		dc.w = bw - x;
 542	}
 543	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 544	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 545		dc.x = x;
 546		if(c) {
 547			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 548			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 549		}
 550		else
 551			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 552	}
 553	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 554	XSync(dpy, False);
 555}
 556
 557void
 558drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 559	int x;
 560	XGCValues gcv;
 561	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 562
 563	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 564	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 565	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 566	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 567	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 568	if(filled) {
 569		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 570		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 571	}
 572	else if(empty) {
 573		r.width = r.height = x;
 574		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 575	}
 576}
 577
 578void
 579drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 580	int x, y, w, h;
 581	unsigned int len, olen;
 582	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 583	char buf[256];
 584
 585	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 586	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 587	if(!text)
 588		return;
 589	olen = strlen(text);
 590	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 591	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 592	w = 0;
 593	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 594	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 595	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 596	/* shorten text if necessary */
 597	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 598	if (!len)
 599		return;
 600	if(len < olen) {
 601		if(len > 1)
 602			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 603		if(len > 2)
 604			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 605		if(len > 3)
 606			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 607	}
 608	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 609	if(dc.font.set)
 610		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 611	else
 612		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 613}
 614
 615void *
 616emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 617	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 618
 619	if(!res)
 620		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 621	return res;
 622}
 623
 624void
 625enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 626	Client *c;
 627	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 628
 629	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 630		return;
 631	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 632		focus(c);
 633	else
 634		focus(NULL);
 635}
 636
 637void
 638eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 639	va_list ap;
 640
 641	va_start(ap, errstr);
 642	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 643	va_end(ap);
 644	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 645}
 646
 647void
 648expose(XEvent *e) {
 649	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 650
 651	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 652		drawbar();
 653}
 654
 655void
 656focus(Client *c) {
 657	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c, NULL)))
 658		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 659	if(sel && sel != c) {
 660		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 661		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 662	}
 663	if(c) {
 664		detachstack(c);
 665		attachstack(c);
 666		grabbuttons(c, True);
 667	}
 668	sel = c;
 669	if(c) {
 670		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 671		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 672	}
 673	else
 674		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 675	drawbar();
 676}
 677
 678void
 679focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 680	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 681
 682	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 683		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 684}
 685
 686void
 687focusnext(const char *arg) {
 688	Client *c;
 689
 690	if(!sel)
 691		return;
 692	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 693	if(!c)
 694		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 695	if(c) {
 696		focus(c);
 697		restack();
 698	}
 699}
 700
 701void
 702focusprev(const char *arg) {
 703	Client *c;
 704
 705	if(!sel)
 706		return;
 707	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 708	if(!c) {
 709		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 710		for(; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 711	}
 712	if(c) {
 713		focus(c);
 714		restack();
 715	}
 716}
 717
 718Client *
 719getclient(Window w) {
 720	Client *c;
 721
 722	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 723	return c;
 724}
 725
 726unsigned long
 727getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 728	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 729	XColor color;
 730
 731	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 732		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 733	return color.pixel;
 734}
 735
 736long
 737getstate(Window w) {
 738	int format, status;
 739	long result = -1;
 740	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 741	unsigned long n, extra;
 742	Atom real;
 743
 744	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 745			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 746	if(status != Success)
 747		return -1;
 748	if(n != 0)
 749		result = *p;
 750	XFree(p);
 751	return result;
 752}
 753
 754Bool
 755gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 756	char **list = NULL;
 757	int n;
 758	XTextProperty name;
 759
 760	if(!text || size == 0)
 761		return False;
 762	text[0] = '\0';
 763	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 764	if(!name.nitems)
 765		return False;
 766	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 767		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 768	else {
 769		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 770		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 771			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 772			XFreeStringList(list);
 773		}
 774	}
 775	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 776	XFree(name.value);
 777	return True;
 778}
 779
 780void
 781grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 782	int i, j;
 783	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 784	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 785	                             MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 786
 787	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 788	if(focused)
 789		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 790			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 791				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 792				            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 793	else
 794		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 795		            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 796}
 797
 798void
 799grabkeys(void)  {
 800	unsigned int i, j;
 801	KeyCode code;
 802	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 803
 804	/* init modifier map */
 805	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 806	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 807		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 808			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 809				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 810		}
 811	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 812
 813	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 814	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 815		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 816		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 817				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 818		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 819				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 820		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 822		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 824	}
 825}
 826
 827unsigned int
 828idxoftag(const char *t) {
 829	unsigned int i;
 830
 831	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 832	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 833}
 834
 835void
 836initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 837	char *def, **missing;
 838	int i, n;
 839
 840	missing = NULL;
 841	if(dc.font.set)
 842		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 843	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 844	if(missing) {
 845		while(n--)
 846			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 847		XFreeStringList(missing);
 848	}
 849	if(dc.font.set) {
 850		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 851		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 852		char **font_names;
 853		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 854		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 855		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 856		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 857			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 858			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 859			xfonts++;
 860		}
 861	}
 862	else {
 863		if(dc.font.xfont)
 864			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 865		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 866		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 867		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 868			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 869		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 870		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 871	}
 872	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 873}
 874
 875Bool
 876isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 877	Client *c;
 878
 879	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 880		if(c->tags[t])
 881			return True;
 882	return False;
 883}
 884
 885Bool
 886isprotodel(Client *c) {
 887	int i, n;
 888	Atom *protocols;
 889	Bool ret = False;
 890
 891	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 892		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 893			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 894				ret = True;
 895		XFree(protocols);
 896	}
 897	return ret;
 898}
 899
 900Bool
 901isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 902	Client *c;
 903
 904	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 905		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 906			return True;
 907	return False;
 908}
 909
 910Bool
 911isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp) {
 912	unsigned int i;
 913
 914	if(!cmp)
 915		cmp = tagset[seltags];
 916	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 917		if(c->tags[i] && cmp[i])
 918			return True;
 919	return False;
 920}
 921
 922void
 923keypress(XEvent *e) {
 924	unsigned int i;
 925	KeySym keysym;
 926	XKeyEvent *ev;
 927
 928	ev = &e->xkey;
 929	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 930	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 931		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 932		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 933		{
 934			if(keys[i].func)
 935				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 936		}
 937}
 938
 939void
 940killclient(const char *arg) {
 941	XEvent ev;
 942
 943	if(!sel)
 944		return;
 945	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 946		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 947		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 948		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 949		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 950		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 951		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 952		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 953	}
 954	else
 955		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 956}
 957
 958void
 959manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 960	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 961	Status rettrans;
 962	Window trans;
 963	XWindowChanges wc;
 964
 965	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 966	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 967	c->win = w;
 968
 969	/* geometry */
 970	c->x = wa->x;
 971	c->y = wa->y;
 972	c->w = c->fw = wa->width;
 973	c->h = c->fh = wa->height;
 974	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 975	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 976		c->x = sx;
 977		c->y = sy;
 978		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 979	}
 980	else {
 981		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
 982			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 983		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
 984			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 985		c->x = MAX(c->x, wx);
 986		c->y = MAX(c->y, wy);
 987		c->bw = BORDERPX;
 988	}
 989	c->fx = c->x;
 990	c->fy = c->y;
 991
 992	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 993	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 994	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 995	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 996	updatesizehints(c);
 997	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 998	grabbuttons(c, False);
 999	updatetitle(c);
1000	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1001		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1002	if(t)
1003		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1004	else
1005		applyrules(c);
1006	if(!c->isfloating)
1007		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1008	attach(c);
1009	attachstack(c);
1010	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1011	ban(c);
1012	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1013	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1014	arrange();
1015}
1016
1017void
1018mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1019	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1020
1021	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1022	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1023		grabkeys();
1024}
1025
1026void
1027maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1028	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1029	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1030
1031	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1032		return;
1033	if(wa.override_redirect)
1034		return;
1035	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1036		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1037}
1038
1039void
1040monocle(void) {
1041	Client *c;
1042
1043	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1044		if((lt->isfloating || !c->isfloating) &&  isvisible(c, NULL))
1045			resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1046}
1047
1048void
1049movemouse(Client *c) {
1050	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1051	unsigned int dui;
1052	Window dummy;
1053	XEvent ev;
1054
1055	ocx = nx = c->x;
1056	ocy = ny = c->y;
1057	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1058			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1059		return;
1060	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1061	for(;;) {
1062		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1063		switch (ev.type) {
1064		case ButtonRelease:
1065			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1066			return;
1067		case ConfigureRequest:
1068		case Expose:
1069		case MapRequest:
1070			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1071			break;
1072		case MotionNotify:
1073			XSync(dpy, False);
1074			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1075			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1076			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1077				nx = wx;
1078			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1079				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1080			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1081				ny = wy;
1082			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1083				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1084			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1085				togglefloating(NULL);
1086			if(lt->isfloating || c->isfloating) {
1087				c->fx = nx;
1088				c->fy = ny;
1089				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1090			}
1091			break;
1092		}
1093	}
1094}
1095
1096Client *
1097nexttiled(Client *c) {
1098	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c, NULL)); c = c->next);
1099	return c;
1100}
1101
1102void
1103propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1104	Client *c;
1105	Window trans;
1106	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1107
1108	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1109		return; /* ignore */
1110	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1111		switch (ev->atom) {
1112		default: break;
1113		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1114			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1115			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1116				arrange();
1117			break;
1118		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1119			updatesizehints(c);
1120			break;
1121		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1122			updatewmhints(c);
1123			drawbar();
1124			break;
1125		}
1126		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1127			updatetitle(c);
1128			if(c == sel)
1129				drawbar();
1130		}
1131	}
1132}
1133
1134void
1135quit(const char *arg) {
1136	readin = running = False;
1137}
1138
1139void
1140reapply(const char *arg) {
1141	Client *c;
1142
1143	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1144		memset(c->tags, 0, TAGSZ);
1145		applyrules(c);
1146	}
1147	arrange();
1148}
1149
1150void
1151resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1152	XWindowChanges wc;
1153
1154	if(sizehints) {
1155		/* set minimum possible */
1156		w = MAX(1, w);
1157		h = MAX(1, h);
1158
1159		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1160		w -= c->basew;
1161		h -= c->baseh;
1162
1163		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1164		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1165		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0)
1166		{
1167			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1168				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1169			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1170				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1171		}
1172
1173		/* adjust for increment value */
1174		if(c->incw)
1175			w -= w % c->incw;
1176		if(c->inch)
1177			h -= h % c->inch;
1178
1179		/* restore base dimensions */
1180		w += c->basew;
1181		h += c->baseh;
1182
1183		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1184		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1185		
1186		if (c->maxw)
1187			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1188
1189		if (c->maxh)
1190			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1191	}
1192	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1193		return;
1194	if(x > sx + sw)
1195		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1196	if(y > sy + sh)
1197		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1198	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1199		x = sx;
1200	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1201		y = sy;
1202	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1203		c->x = wc.x = x;
1204		c->y = wc.y = y;
1205		c->w = wc.width = w;
1206		c->h = wc.height = h;
1207		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1208		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1209				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1210		configure(c);
1211		XSync(dpy, False);
1212	}
1213}
1214
1215void
1216resizemouse(Client *c) {
1217	int ocx, ocy;
1218	int nw, nh;
1219	XEvent ev;
1220
1221	ocx = c->x;
1222	ocy = c->y;
1223	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1224			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1225		return;
1226	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1227	for(;;) {
1228		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1229		switch(ev.type) {
1230		case ButtonRelease:
1231			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1232					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1233			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1234			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1235			return;
1236		case ConfigureRequest:
1237		case Expose:
1238		case MapRequest:
1239			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1240			break;
1241		case MotionNotify:
1242			XSync(dpy, False);
1243			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1244			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1245			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP)) {
1246				c->fx = c->x;
1247				c->fy = c->y;
1248				togglefloating(NULL);
1249			}
1250			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating) {
1251				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1252				c->fw = nw;
1253				c->fh = nh;
1254			}
1255			break;
1256		}
1257	}
1258}
1259
1260void
1261restack(void) {
1262	Client *c;
1263	XEvent ev;
1264	XWindowChanges wc;
1265
1266	drawbar();
1267	if(!sel)
1268		return;
1269	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1270		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1271	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1272		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1273		wc.sibling = barwin;
1274		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1275			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c, NULL)) {
1276				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1277				wc.sibling = c->win;
1278			}
1279	}
1280	XSync(dpy, False);
1281	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1282}
1283
1284void
1285run(void) {
1286	char *p;
1287	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1288	fd_set rd;
1289	int r, xfd;
1290	unsigned int len, offset;
1291	XEvent ev;
1292
1293	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1294	XSync(dpy, False);
1295	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1296	readin = True;
1297	offset = 0;
1298	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1299	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1300	while(running) {
1301		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1302		if(readin)
1303			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1304		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1305		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1306			if(errno == EINTR)
1307				continue;
1308			eprint("select failed\n");
1309		}
1310		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1311			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1312			case -1:
1313				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1314				readin = False;
1315				break;
1316			case 0:
1317				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1318				readin = False;
1319				break;
1320			default:
1321				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1322					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1323						*p = '\0';
1324						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1325						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1326						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1327						offset = r;
1328						if(r)
1329							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1330						break;
1331					}
1332				break;
1333			}
1334			drawbar();
1335		}
1336		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1337			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1338			if(handler[ev.type])
1339				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1340		}
1341	}
1342}
1343
1344void
1345scan(void) {
1346	unsigned int i, num;
1347	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1348	XWindowAttributes wa;
1349
1350	wins = NULL;
1351	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1352		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1353			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1354					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1355				continue;
1356			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1357				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1358		}
1359		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1360			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1361				continue;
1362			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1363					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1364				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1365		}
1366	}
1367	if(wins)
1368		XFree(wins);
1369}
1370
1371void
1372setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1373	long data[] = {state, None};
1374
1375	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1376			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1377}
1378
1379void
1380setlayout(const char *arg) {
1381	unsigned int i;
1382
1383	if(!arg) {
1384		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1385			lt = &layouts[0];
1386	}
1387	else {
1388		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1389			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1390				break;
1391		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1392			return;
1393		lt = &layouts[i];
1394	}
1395	if(sel)
1396		arrange();
1397	else
1398		drawbar();
1399}
1400
1401void
1402setmfact(const char *arg) {
1403	double d;
1404
1405	if(lt->isfloating)
1406		return;
1407	if(!arg)
1408		mfact = MFACT;
1409	else {
1410		d = strtod(arg, NULL);
1411		if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+')
1412			d += mfact;
1413		if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1414			return;
1415		mfact = d;
1416	}
1417	updategeom();
1418	arrange();
1419}
1420
1421void
1422setup(void) {
1423	unsigned int i, w;
1424	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1425
1426	/* init screen */
1427	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1428	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1429	initfont(FONT);
1430	sx = 0;
1431	sy = 0;
1432	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1433	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1434	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1435	mfact = MFACT;
1436	updategeom();
1437
1438	/* init atoms */
1439	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1440	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1441	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1442	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1443	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1444	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1445
1446	/* init cursors */
1447	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1448	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1449	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1450
1451	/* init appearance */
1452	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1453	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1454	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1455	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1456	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1457	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1458	initfont(FONT);
1459	dc.h = bh;
1460	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1461	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1462	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1463	if(!dc.font.set)
1464		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1465
1466	/* init tags */
1467	tagset[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1468	tagset[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1469	tagset[0][0] = tagset[1][0] = True;
1470
1471	/* init bar */
1472	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1473		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1474		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1475	}
1476
1477	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1478	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1479	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1480
1481	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1482				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1483				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1484	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1485	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1486	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1487	drawbar();
1488
1489	/* EWMH support per view */
1490	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1491			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1492
1493	/* select for events */
1494	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1495			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1496	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1497	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1498
1499
1500	/* grab keys */
1501	grabkeys();
1502}
1503
1504void
1505spawn(const char *arg) {
1506	static char *shell = NULL;
1507
1508	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1509		shell = "/bin/sh";
1510	if(!arg)
1511		return;
1512	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1513	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1514	if(fork() == 0) {
1515		if(fork() == 0) {
1516			if(dpy)
1517				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1518			setsid();
1519			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1520			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1521			perror(" failed");
1522		}
1523		exit(0);
1524	}
1525	wait(0);
1526}
1527
1528void
1529tag(const char *arg) {
1530	unsigned int i;
1531
1532	if(!sel)
1533		return;
1534	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1535		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1536	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1537	arrange();
1538}
1539
1540unsigned int
1541textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1542	XRectangle r;
1543
1544	if(dc.font.set) {
1545		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1546		return r.width;
1547	}
1548	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1549}
1550
1551unsigned int
1552textw(const char *text) {
1553	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1554}
1555
1556void
1557tileh(void) {
1558	int x, w;
1559	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1560	Client *c;
1561
1562	if(n == 0)
1563		return;
1564	c = tilemaster(n);
1565	if(--n == 0)
1566		return;
1567
1568	x = tx;
1569	w = tw / n;
1570	if(w < bh)
1571		w = tw;
1572
1573	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1574		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1575			tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1576		else
1577			tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1578		if(w != tw)
1579			x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1580	}
1581}
1582
1583Client *
1584tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1585	Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1586
1587	if(n == 1)
1588		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1589	else
1590		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1591	return c;
1592}
1593
1594void
1595tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1596	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1597	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1598		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1599		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1600}
1601
1602void
1603tilev(void) {
1604	int y, h;
1605	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1606	Client *c;
1607
1608	if(n == 0)
1609		return;
1610	c = tilemaster(n);
1611	if(--n == 0)
1612		return;
1613
1614	y = ty;
1615	h = th / n;
1616	if(h < bh)
1617		h = th;
1618
1619	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1620		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1621			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1622		else
1623			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1624		if(h != th)
1625			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1626	}
1627}
1628
1629void
1630togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1631	if(!sel)
1632		return;
1633	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1634	if(sel->isfloating)
1635		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1636	arrange();
1637}
1638
1639void
1640toggletag(const char *arg) {
1641	unsigned int i, j;
1642
1643	if(!sel)
1644		return;
1645	i = idxoftag(arg);
1646	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1647	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1648	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1649		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1650	arrange();
1651}
1652
1653void
1654toggleview(const char *arg) {
1655	unsigned int i, j;
1656
1657	i = idxoftag(arg);
1658	tagset[seltags][i] = !tagset[seltags][i];
1659	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !tagset[seltags][j]; j++);
1660	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1661		tagset[seltags][i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1662	arrange();
1663}
1664
1665void
1666unban(Client *c) {
1667	if(!c->isbanned)
1668		return;
1669	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1670	c->isbanned = False;
1671}
1672
1673void
1674unmanage(Client *c) {
1675	XWindowChanges wc;
1676
1677	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1678	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1679	XGrabServer(dpy);
1680	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1681	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1682	detach(c);
1683	detachstack(c);
1684	if(sel == c)
1685		focus(NULL);
1686	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1687	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1688	free(c->tags);
1689	free(c);
1690	XSync(dpy, False);
1691	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1692	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1693	arrange();
1694}
1695
1696void
1697unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1698	Client *c;
1699	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1700
1701	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1702		unmanage(c);
1703}
1704
1705void
1706updatebar(void) {
1707
1708	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1709		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1710	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1711	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1712}
1713
1714void
1715updategeom(void) {
1716
1717	/* bar geometry */
1718	bx = 0;
1719	by = 0;
1720	bw = sw;
1721
1722	/* window area geometry */
1723	wx = sx;
1724	wy = sy + bh;
1725	ww = sw;
1726	wh = sh - bh;
1727
1728	/* master area geometry */
1729	mx = wx;
1730	my = wy;
1731	mw = mfact * ww;
1732	mh = wh;
1733
1734	/* tile area geometry */
1735	tx = mx + mw;
1736	ty = wy;
1737	tw = ww - mw;
1738	th = wh;
1739}
1740
1741void
1742updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1743	long msize;
1744	XSizeHints size;
1745
1746	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1747		size.flags = PSize;
1748	c->flags = size.flags;
1749	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1750		c->basew = size.base_width;
1751		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1752	}
1753	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1754		c->basew = size.min_width;
1755		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1756	}
1757	else
1758		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1759	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1760		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1761		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1762	}
1763	else
1764		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1765	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1766		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1767		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1768	}
1769	else
1770		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1771	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1772		c->minw = size.min_width;
1773		c->minh = size.min_height;
1774	}
1775	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1776		c->minw = size.base_width;
1777		c->minh = size.base_height;
1778	}
1779	else
1780		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1781	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1782		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1783		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1784		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1785		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1786	}
1787	else
1788		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1789	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1790			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1791}
1792
1793void
1794updatetitle(Client *c) {
1795	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1796		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1797}
1798
1799void
1800updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1801	XWMHints *wmh;
1802
1803	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1804		if(c == sel)
1805			sel->isurgent = False;
1806		else
1807			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1808		XFree(wmh);
1809	}
1810}
1811
1812void
1813view(const char *arg) {
1814	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1815	memset(tagset[seltags], (NULL == arg), TAGSZ);
1816	tagset[seltags][idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1817	arrange();
1818}
1819
1820void
1821viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1822	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1823	arrange();
1824}
1825
1826/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1827 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1828 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1829int
1830xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1831	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1832	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1833	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1834	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1835	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1836	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1837	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1838	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1839	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1840		return 0;
1841	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1842		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1843	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1844}
1845
1846int
1847xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1848	return 0;
1849}
1850
1851/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1852 * is already running. */
1853int
1854xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1855	otherwm = True;
1856	return -1;
1857}
1858
1859void
1860zoom(const char *arg) {
1861	Client *c = sel;
1862
1863	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1864		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1865			return;
1866	if(!lt->isfloating && !sel->isfloating) {
1867		detach(c);
1868		attach(c);
1869		focus(c);
1870	}
1871	arrange();
1872}
1873
1874int
1875main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1876	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1877		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1878	else if(argc != 1)
1879		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1880
1881	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1882	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1883		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1884
1885	checkotherwm();
1886	setup();
1887	scan();
1888	run();
1889	cleanup();
1890
1891	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1892	return 0;
1893}