1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56#define VISIBLE(x)      ((x)->tags & tagset[seltags])
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63
  64/* typedefs */
  65typedef unsigned int uint;
  66typedef unsigned long ulong;
  67typedef struct Client Client;
  68struct Client {
  69	char name[256];
  70	int x, y, w, h;
  71	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  72	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  73	long flags;
  74	int bw, oldbw;
  75	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, ismax, isurgent;
  76	uint tags;
  77	Client *next;
  78	Client *prev;
  79	Client *snext;
  80	Window win;
  81};
  82
  83typedef struct {
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	ulong norm[ColLast];
  86	ulong sel[ColLast];
  87	Drawable drawable;
  88	GC gc;
  89	struct {
  90		int ascent;
  91		int descent;
  92		int height;
  93		XFontSet set;
  94		XFontStruct *xfont;
  95	} font;
  96} DC; /* draw context */
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	uint mod;
 100	KeySym keysym;
 101	void (*func)(const void *arg);
 102	const void *arg;
 103} Key;
 104
 105typedef struct {
 106	const char *symbol;
 107	void (*arrange)(void);
 108} Layout;
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	const char *class;
 112	const char *instance;
 113	const char *title;
 114	uint tags;
 115	Bool isfloating;
 116} Rule;
 117
 118/* function declarations */
 119void applyrules(Client *c);
 120void arrange(void);
 121void attach(Client *c);
 122void attachstack(Client *c);
 123void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 124void checkotherwm(void);
 125void cleanup(void);
 126void configure(Client *c);
 127void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 128void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 129void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 130void detach(Client *c);
 131void detachstack(Client *c);
 132void drawbar(void);
 133void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 134void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 135void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 136void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 137void expose(XEvent *e);
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusin(XEvent *e);
 140void focusnext(const void *arg);
 141void focusprev(const void *arg);
 142Client *getclient(Window w);
 143ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 144long getstate(Window w);
 145Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 146void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 147void grabkeys(void);
 148void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 149Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isurgent(uint t);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const void *arg);
 154void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 155void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 156void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const void *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setmfact(const void *arg);
 168void setup(void);
 169void spawn(const void *arg);
 170void tag(const void *arg);
 171uint textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 172void tile(void);
 173void togglebar(const void *arg);
 174void togglefloating(const void *arg);
 175void togglelayout(const void *arg);
 176void togglemax(const void *arg);
 177void toggletag(const void *arg);
 178void toggleview(const void *arg);
 179void unmanage(Client *c);
 180void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 181void updatebar(void);
 182void updategeom(void);
 183void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 184void updatetitle(Client *c);
 185void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 186void view(const void *arg);
 187void viewprevtag(const void *arg);
 188int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191void zoom(const void *arg);
 192
 193/* variables */
 194char stext[256];
 195int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 196int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 197uint seltags = 0;
 198int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 199uint numlockmask = 0;
 200void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 201	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 202	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 203	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 204	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 205	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 206	[Expose] = expose,
 207	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 208	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 209	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 210	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 211	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 212	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 213};
 214Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 215Bool ismax = False;
 216Bool otherwm, readin;
 217Bool running = True;
 218uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 219Client *clients = NULL;
 220Client *sel = NULL;
 221Client *stack = NULL;
 222Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 223Display *dpy;
 224DC dc = {0};
 225Layout layouts[];
 226Layout *lt = layouts;
 227Window root, barwin;
 228
 229/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 230#include "config.h"
 231
 232/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 233struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 234
 235/* function implementations */
 236void
 237applyrules(Client *c) {
 238	uint i;
 239	Rule *r;
 240	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 241
 242	/* rule matching */
 243	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 244	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 245		r = &rules[i];
 246		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 247		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 248		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 249			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 250			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 251		}
 252	}
 253	if(ch.res_class)
 254		XFree(ch.res_class);
 255	if(ch.res_name)
 256		XFree(ch.res_name);
 257	if(!c->tags)
 258		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 259}
 260
 261void
 262arrange(void) {
 263	Client *c;
 264
 265	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 266		if(VISIBLE(c)) {
 267			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 268				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 269		}
 270		else if(!c->isbanned) {
 271			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 272			c->isbanned = True;
 273		}
 274
 275	focus(NULL);
 276	if(lt->arrange && !ismax)
 277		lt->arrange();
 278	restack();
 279}
 280
 281void
 282attach(Client *c) {
 283	if(clients)
 284		clients->prev = c;
 285	c->next = clients;
 286	clients = c;
 287}
 288
 289void
 290attachstack(Client *c) {
 291	c->snext = stack;
 292	stack = c;
 293}
 294
 295void
 296buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 297	uint i, x, mask;
 298	Client *c;
 299	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 300
 301	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 302		x = 0;
 303		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 304			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 305			if(ev->x < x) {
 306				mask = 1 << i;
 307				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 308					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 309						tag(&mask);
 310					else
 311						view(&mask);
 312				}
 313				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 314					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 315						toggletag(&mask);
 316					else
 317						toggleview(&mask);
 318				}
 319				return;
 320			}
 321		}
 322		if(ev->x < x + blw) {
 323			if(ev->button == Button1) 
 324				togglelayout(NULL);
 325			else if(ev->button == Button3) 
 326				togglemax(NULL);
 327		}
 328	}
 329	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 330		focus(c);
 331		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY || ismax)
 332			return;
 333		if(ev->button == Button1)
 334			movemouse(c);
 335		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 336			togglefloating(NULL);
 337		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed)
 338			resizemouse(c);
 339	}
 340}
 341
 342void
 343checkotherwm(void) {
 344	otherwm = False;
 345	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 346
 347	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 348	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 349	XSync(dpy, False);
 350	if(otherwm)
 351		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 352	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 353	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 354	XSync(dpy, False);
 355}
 356
 357void
 358cleanup(void) {
 359	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 360	view(NULL);
 361	while(stack)
 362		unmanage(stack);
 363	if(dc.font.set)
 364		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 365	else
 366		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 367	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 368	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 369	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 370	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 371	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 372	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 373	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 374	XSync(dpy, False);
 375	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 376}
 377
 378void
 379configure(Client *c) {
 380	XConfigureEvent ce;
 381
 382	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 383	ce.display = dpy;
 384	ce.event = c->win;
 385	ce.window = c->win;
 386	ce.x = c->x;
 387	ce.y = c->y;
 388	ce.width = c->w;
 389	ce.height = c->h;
 390	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 391	ce.above = None;
 392	ce.override_redirect = False;
 393	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 394}
 395
 396void
 397configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 398	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 399
 400	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 401		sw = ev->width;
 402		sh = ev->height;
 403		updategeom();
 404		updatebar();
 405		arrange();
 406	}
 407}
 408
 409void
 410configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 411	Client *c;
 412	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 413	XWindowChanges wc;
 414
 415	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 416		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 417			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 418		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 419			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 420				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 421			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 422				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 423			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 424				c->w = ev->width;
 425			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 426				c->h = ev->height;
 427			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 428				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 429			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 430				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 431			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 432			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 433				configure(c);
 434			if(VISIBLE(c))
 435				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 436		}
 437		else
 438			configure(c);
 439	}
 440	else {
 441		wc.x = ev->x;
 442		wc.y = ev->y;
 443		wc.width = ev->width;
 444		wc.height = ev->height;
 445		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 446		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 447		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 448		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 449	}
 450	XSync(dpy, False);
 451}
 452
 453void
 454destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 455	Client *c;
 456	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 457
 458	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 459		unmanage(c);
 460}
 461
 462void
 463detach(Client *c) {
 464	if(c->prev)
 465		c->prev->next = c->next;
 466	if(c->next)
 467		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 468	if(c == clients)
 469		clients = c->next;
 470	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 471}
 472
 473void
 474detachstack(Client *c) {
 475	Client **tc;
 476
 477	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 478	*tc = c->snext;
 479}
 480
 481void
 482drawbar(void) {
 483	int i, x;
 484	Client *c;
 485
 486	dc.x = 0;
 487	for(c = stack; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 488	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 489		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 490		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 491			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 492			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 493		}
 494		else {
 495			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 496			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 497		}
 498		dc.x += dc.w;
 499	}
 500	if(blw > 0) {
 501		dc.w = blw;
 502		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, ismax);
 503		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 504	}
 505	else
 506		x = dc.x;
 507	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 508	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 509	if(dc.x < x) {
 510		dc.x = x;
 511		dc.w = ww - x;
 512	}
 513	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 514	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 515		dc.x = x;
 516		if(c) {
 517			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 518			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 519		}
 520		else
 521			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 522	}
 523	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 524	XSync(dpy, False);
 525}
 526
 527void
 528drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 529	int x;
 530	XGCValues gcv;
 531	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 532
 533	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 534	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 535	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 536	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 537	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 538	if(filled) {
 539		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 540		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 541	}
 542	else if(empty) {
 543		r.width = r.height = x;
 544		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 545	}
 546}
 547
 548void
 549drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 550	int x, y, w, h;
 551	uint len, olen;
 552	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 553	char buf[256];
 554
 555	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 556	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 557	if(!text)
 558		return;
 559	olen = strlen(text);
 560	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 561	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 562	w = 0;
 563	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 564	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 565	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 566	/* shorten text if necessary */
 567	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 568	if(!len)
 569		return;
 570	if(len < olen) {
 571		if(len > 1)
 572			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 573		if(len > 2)
 574			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 575		if(len > 3)
 576			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 577	}
 578	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 579	if(dc.font.set)
 580		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 581	else
 582		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 583}
 584
 585void
 586enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 587	Client *c;
 588	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 589
 590	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 591		return;
 592	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 593		focus(c);
 594	else
 595		focus(NULL);
 596}
 597
 598void
 599eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 600	va_list ap;
 601
 602	va_start(ap, errstr);
 603	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 604	va_end(ap);
 605	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 606}
 607
 608void
 609expose(XEvent *e) {
 610	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 611
 612	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 613		drawbar();
 614}
 615
 616void
 617focus(Client *c) {
 618	if(!c || (c && !VISIBLE(c)))
 619		for(c = stack; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 620	if(sel && sel != c) {
 621		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 622		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 623	}
 624	if(c) {
 625		detachstack(c);
 626		attachstack(c);
 627		grabbuttons(c, True);
 628	}
 629	sel = c;
 630	if(c) {
 631		if(ismax) {
 632			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
 633			c->ismax = True;
 634		}
 635		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 636		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 637	}
 638	else
 639		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 640	drawbar();
 641}
 642
 643void
 644focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 645	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 646
 647	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 648		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 649}
 650
 651void
 652focusnext(const void *arg) {
 653	Client *c;
 654
 655	if(!sel)
 656		return;
 657	for(c = sel->next; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 658	if(!c)
 659		for(c = clients; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 660	if(c) {
 661		focus(c);
 662		restack();
 663	}
 664}
 665
 666void
 667focusprev(const void *arg) {
 668	Client *c;
 669
 670	if(!sel)
 671		return;
 672	for(c = sel->prev; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->prev);
 673	if(!c) {
 674		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 675		for(; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->prev);
 676	}
 677	if(c) {
 678		focus(c);
 679		restack();
 680	}
 681}
 682
 683Client *
 684getclient(Window w) {
 685	Client *c;
 686
 687	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 688	return c;
 689}
 690
 691ulong
 692getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 693	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 694	XColor color;
 695
 696	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 697		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 698	return color.pixel;
 699}
 700
 701long
 702getstate(Window w) {
 703	int format, status;
 704	long result = -1;
 705	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 706	ulong n, extra;
 707	Atom real;
 708
 709	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 710			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 711	if(status != Success)
 712		return -1;
 713	if(n != 0)
 714		result = *p;
 715	XFree(p);
 716	return result;
 717}
 718
 719Bool
 720gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 721	char **list = NULL;
 722	int n;
 723	XTextProperty name;
 724
 725	if(!text || size == 0)
 726		return False;
 727	text[0] = '\0';
 728	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 729	if(!name.nitems)
 730		return False;
 731	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 732		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 733	else {
 734		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 735		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 736			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 737			XFreeStringList(list);
 738		}
 739	}
 740	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 741	XFree(name.value);
 742	return True;
 743}
 744
 745void
 746grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 747	int i, j;
 748	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 749	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 750				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 751
 752	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 753	if(focused)
 754		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 755			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 756				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 757					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 758	else
 759		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 760			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 761}
 762
 763void
 764grabkeys(void) {
 765	uint i, j;
 766	KeyCode code;
 767	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 768
 769	/* init modifier map */
 770	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 771	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 772		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 773			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 774				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 775		}
 776	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 777
 778	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 779	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 780		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 781		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 782				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 783		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 784				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 785		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 786				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 787		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 788				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 789	}
 790}
 791
 792void
 793initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 794	char *def, **missing;
 795	int i, n;
 796
 797	missing = NULL;
 798	if(dc.font.set)
 799		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 800	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 801	if(missing) {
 802		while(n--)
 803			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 804		XFreeStringList(missing);
 805	}
 806	if(dc.font.set) {
 807		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 808		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 809		char **font_names;
 810		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 811		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 812		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 813		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 814			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 815			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 816			xfonts++;
 817		}
 818	}
 819	else {
 820		if(dc.font.xfont)
 821			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 822		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 823		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 824		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 825			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 826		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 827		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 828	}
 829	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 830}
 831
 832Bool
 833isoccupied(uint t) {
 834	Client *c;
 835
 836	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 837		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 838			return True;
 839	return False;
 840}
 841
 842Bool
 843isprotodel(Client *c) {
 844	int i, n;
 845	Atom *protocols;
 846	Bool ret = False;
 847
 848	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 849		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 850			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 851				ret = True;
 852		XFree(protocols);
 853	}
 854	return ret;
 855}
 856
 857Bool
 858isurgent(uint t) {
 859	Client *c;
 860
 861	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 862		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 863			return True;
 864	return False;
 865}
 866
 867void
 868keypress(XEvent *e) {
 869	uint i;
 870	KeySym keysym;
 871	XKeyEvent *ev;
 872
 873	ev = &e->xkey;
 874	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 875	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 876		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 877		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 878		   && keys[i].func)
 879			keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 880}
 881
 882void
 883killclient(const void *arg) {
 884	XEvent ev;
 885
 886	if(!sel)
 887		return;
 888	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 889		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 890		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 891		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 892		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 893		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 894		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 895		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 896	}
 897	else
 898		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 899}
 900
 901void
 902manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 903	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 904	Status rettrans;
 905	Window trans;
 906	XWindowChanges wc;
 907
 908	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 909		eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 910	c->win = w;
 911
 912	/* geometry */
 913	c->x = wa->x;
 914	c->y = wa->y;
 915	c->w = wa->width;
 916	c->h = wa->height;
 917	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 918	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 919		c->x = sx;
 920		c->y = sy;
 921		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 922	}
 923	else {
 924		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 925			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 926		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 927			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 928		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 929		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 930		c->bw = borderpx;
 931	}
 932
 933	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 934	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 935	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 936	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 937	updatesizehints(c);
 938	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 939	grabbuttons(c, False);
 940	updatetitle(c);
 941	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 942		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 943	if(t)
 944		c->tags = t->tags;
 945	else
 946		applyrules(c);
 947	if(!c->isfloating)
 948		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 949	attach(c);
 950	attachstack(c);
 951	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 952	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 953	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 954	arrange();
 955}
 956
 957void
 958mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 959	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 960
 961	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 962	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 963		grabkeys();
 964}
 965
 966void
 967maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 968	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 969	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 970
 971	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 972		return;
 973	if(wa.override_redirect)
 974		return;
 975	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 976		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 977}
 978
 979void
 980movemouse(Client *c) {
 981	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 982	uint dui;
 983	Window dummy;
 984	XEvent ev;
 985
 986	restack();
 987	ocx = nx = c->x;
 988	ocy = ny = c->y;
 989	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 990	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 991		return;
 992	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 993	for(;;) {
 994		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 995		switch (ev.type) {
 996		case ButtonRelease:
 997			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 998			return;
 999		case ConfigureRequest:
1000		case Expose:
1001		case MapRequest:
1002			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1003			break;
1004		case MotionNotify:
1005			XSync(dpy, False);
1006			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1007			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1008			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1009			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1010				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1011					nx = wx;
1012				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1013					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1014				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1015					ny = wy;
1016				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1017					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1018				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1019					togglefloating(NULL);
1020			}
1021			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1022				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1023			break;
1024		}
1025	}
1026}
1027
1028Client *
1029nexttiled(Client *c) {
1030	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !VISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1031	return c;
1032}
1033
1034void
1035propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1036	Client *c;
1037	Window trans;
1038	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1039
1040	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1041		return; /* ignore */
1042	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1043		switch (ev->atom) {
1044		default: break;
1045		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1046			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1047			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1048				arrange();
1049			break;
1050		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1051			updatesizehints(c);
1052			break;
1053		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1054			updatewmhints(c);
1055			drawbar();
1056			break;
1057		}
1058		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1059			updatetitle(c);
1060			if(c == sel)
1061				drawbar();
1062		}
1063	}
1064}
1065
1066void
1067quit(const void *arg) {
1068	readin = running = False;
1069}
1070
1071void
1072resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1073	XWindowChanges wc;
1074
1075	if(sizehints) {
1076		/* set minimum possible */
1077		w = MAX(1, w);
1078		h = MAX(1, h);
1079
1080		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1081		w -= c->basew;
1082		h -= c->baseh;
1083
1084		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1085		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1086		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1087			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1088				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1089			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1090				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1091		}
1092
1093		/* adjust for increment value */
1094		if(c->incw)
1095			w -= w % c->incw;
1096		if(c->inch)
1097			h -= h % c->inch;
1098
1099		/* restore base dimensions */
1100		w += c->basew;
1101		h += c->baseh;
1102
1103		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1104		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1105		
1106		if (c->maxw)
1107			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1108
1109		if (c->maxh)
1110			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1111	}
1112	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1113		return;
1114	if(x > sx + sw)
1115		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1116	if(y > sy + sh)
1117		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1118	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1119		x = sx;
1120	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1121		y = sy;
1122	if(h < bh)
1123		h = bh;
1124	if(w < bh)
1125		w = bh;
1126	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h || c->isbanned || c->ismax) {
1127		c->isbanned = c->ismax = False;
1128		c->x = wc.x = x;
1129		c->y = wc.y = y;
1130		c->w = wc.width = w;
1131		c->h = wc.height = h;
1132		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1133		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1134				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1135		configure(c);
1136		XSync(dpy, False);
1137	}
1138}
1139
1140void
1141resizemouse(Client *c) {
1142	int ocx, ocy;
1143	int nw, nh;
1144	XEvent ev;
1145
1146	restack();
1147	ocx = c->x;
1148	ocy = c->y;
1149	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1150	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1151		return;
1152	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1153	for(;;) {
1154		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1155		switch(ev.type) {
1156		case ButtonRelease:
1157			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1158					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1159			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1160			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1161			return;
1162		case ConfigureRequest:
1163		case Expose:
1164		case MapRequest:
1165			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1166			break;
1167		case MotionNotify:
1168			XSync(dpy, False);
1169			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1170			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1171
1172			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1173			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1174				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1175				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1176					togglefloating(NULL);
1177			}
1178			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1179				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1180			break;
1181		}
1182	}
1183}
1184
1185void
1186restack(void) {
1187	Client *c;
1188	XEvent ev;
1189	XWindowChanges wc;
1190
1191	drawbar();
1192	if(!sel)
1193		return;
1194	if(ismax || sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1195		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1196	if(!ismax && lt->arrange) {
1197		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1198		wc.sibling = barwin;
1199		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1200			if(!c->isfloating && VISIBLE(c)) {
1201				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1202				wc.sibling = c->win;
1203			}
1204	}
1205	XSync(dpy, False);
1206	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1207}
1208
1209void
1210run(void) {
1211	char *p;
1212	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1213	fd_set rd;
1214	int r, xfd;
1215	uint len, offset;
1216	XEvent ev;
1217
1218	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1219	XSync(dpy, False);
1220	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1221	readin = True;
1222	offset = 0;
1223	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1224	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1225	while(running) {
1226		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1227		if(readin)
1228			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1229		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1230		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1231			if(errno == EINTR)
1232				continue;
1233			eprint("select failed\n");
1234		}
1235		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1236			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1237			case -1:
1238				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1239				readin = False;
1240				break;
1241			case 0:
1242				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1243				readin = False;
1244				break;
1245			default:
1246				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1247					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1248						*p = '\0';
1249						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1250						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1251						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1252						offset = r;
1253						if(r)
1254							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1255						break;
1256					}
1257				break;
1258			}
1259			drawbar();
1260		}
1261		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1262			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1263			if(handler[ev.type])
1264				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1265		}
1266	}
1267}
1268
1269void
1270scan(void) {
1271	uint i, num;
1272	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1273	XWindowAttributes wa;
1274
1275	wins = NULL;
1276	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1277		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1278			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1279			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1280				continue;
1281			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1282				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1283		}
1284		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1285			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1286				continue;
1287			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1288			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1289				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1290		}
1291	}
1292	if(wins)
1293		XFree(wins);
1294}
1295
1296void
1297setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1298	long data[] = {state, None};
1299
1300	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1301			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1302}
1303
1304/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1305void
1306setmfact(const void *arg) {
1307	double d = *((double*) arg);
1308
1309	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1310		return;
1311	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1312	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1313		return;
1314	mfact = d;
1315	arrange();
1316}
1317
1318void
1319setup(void) {
1320	uint i, w;
1321	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1322
1323	/* init screen */
1324	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1325	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1326	initfont(FONT);
1327	sx = 0;
1328	sy = 0;
1329	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1330	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1331	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1332	updategeom();
1333
1334	/* init atoms */
1335	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1336	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1337	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1338	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1339	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1340	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1341
1342	/* init cursors */
1343	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1344	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1345	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1346
1347	/* init appearance */
1348	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1349	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1350	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1351	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1352	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1353	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1354	initfont(FONT);
1355	dc.h = bh;
1356	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1357	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1358	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1359	if(!dc.font.set)
1360		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1361
1362	/* init bar */
1363	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1364		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1365		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1366	}
1367
1368	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1369	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1370	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1371
1372	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1373			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1374			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1375	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1376	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1377	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1378	drawbar();
1379
1380	/* EWMH support per view */
1381	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1382			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1383
1384	/* select for events */
1385	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1386			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1387	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1388	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1389
1390
1391	/* grab keys */
1392	grabkeys();
1393}
1394
1395void
1396spawn(const void *arg) {
1397	static char *shell = NULL;
1398
1399	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1400		shell = "/bin/sh";
1401	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1402	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1403	if(fork() == 0) {
1404		if(fork() == 0) {
1405			if(dpy)
1406				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1407			setsid();
1408			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1409			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1410			perror(" failed");
1411		}
1412		exit(0);
1413	}
1414	wait(0);
1415}
1416
1417void
1418tag(const void *arg) {
1419	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1420		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1421		arrange();
1422	}
1423}
1424
1425uint
1426textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1427	XRectangle r;
1428
1429	if(dc.font.set) {
1430		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1431		return r.width;
1432	}
1433	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1434}
1435
1436void
1437tile(void) {
1438	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1439	uint i, n;
1440	Client *c;
1441
1442	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1443	if(n == 0)
1444		return;
1445
1446	/* master */
1447	c = nexttiled(clients);
1448	mw = mfact * ww;
1449	resize(c, wx, wy, ((n == 1) ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1450
1451	if(--n == 0)
1452		return;
1453
1454	/* tile stack */
1455	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : ww - mw;
1456	y = wy;
1457	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1458	h = wh / n;
1459	if(h < bh)
1460		h = wh;
1461
1462	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1463		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1464		       ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1465		if(h != wh)
1466			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1467	}
1468}
1469
1470void
1471togglebar(const void *arg) {
1472	showbar = !showbar;
1473	updategeom();
1474	updatebar();
1475	arrange();
1476}
1477
1478void
1479togglefloating(const void *arg) {
1480	if(!sel)
1481		return;
1482	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1483	if(sel->isfloating)
1484		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1485	arrange();
1486}
1487
1488void
1489togglelayout(const void *arg) {
1490	uint i;
1491
1492	if(!arg) {
1493		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1494			lt = &layouts[0];
1495	}
1496	else {
1497		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1498			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1499				break;
1500		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1501			return;
1502		lt = &layouts[i];
1503	}
1504	if(sel)
1505		arrange();
1506	else
1507		drawbar();
1508}
1509
1510void
1511togglemax(const void *arg) {
1512	ismax = !ismax;
1513	arrange();
1514}
1515
1516void
1517toggletag(const void *arg) {
1518	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1519		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1520		arrange();
1521	}
1522}
1523
1524void
1525toggleview(const void *arg) {
1526	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1527		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1528		arrange();
1529	}
1530}
1531
1532void
1533unmanage(Client *c) {
1534	XWindowChanges wc;
1535
1536	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1537	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1538	XGrabServer(dpy);
1539	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1540	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1541	detach(c);
1542	detachstack(c);
1543	if(sel == c)
1544		focus(NULL);
1545	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1546	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1547	free(c);
1548	XSync(dpy, False);
1549	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1550	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1551	arrange();
1552}
1553
1554void
1555unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1556	Client *c;
1557	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1558
1559	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1560		unmanage(c);
1561}
1562
1563void
1564updatebar(void) {
1565	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1566		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1567	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1568	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1569}
1570
1571void
1572updategeom(void) {
1573	int i;
1574#ifdef XINERAMA
1575	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1576
1577	/* window area geometry */
1578	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1579		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1580		wx = info[0].x_org;
1581		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1582		ww = info[0].width;
1583		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1584		XFree(info);
1585	}
1586	else
1587#endif
1588	{
1589		wx = sx;
1590		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1591		ww = sw;
1592		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1593	}
1594
1595	/* bar position */
1596	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1597}
1598
1599void
1600updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1601	long msize;
1602	XSizeHints size;
1603
1604	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1605		size.flags = PSize;
1606	c->flags = size.flags;
1607	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1608		c->basew = size.base_width;
1609		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1610	}
1611	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1612		c->basew = size.min_width;
1613		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1614	}
1615	else
1616		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1617	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1618		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1619		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1620	}
1621	else
1622		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1623	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1624		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1625		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1626	}
1627	else
1628		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1629	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1630		c->minw = size.min_width;
1631		c->minh = size.min_height;
1632	}
1633	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1634		c->minw = size.base_width;
1635		c->minh = size.base_height;
1636	}
1637	else
1638		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1639	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1640		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1641		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1642		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1643		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1644	}
1645	else
1646		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1647	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1648			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1649}
1650
1651void
1652updatetitle(Client *c) {
1653	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1654		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1655}
1656
1657void
1658updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1659	XWMHints *wmh;
1660
1661	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1662		if(c == sel)
1663			sel->isurgent = False;
1664		else
1665			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1666		XFree(wmh);
1667	}
1668}
1669
1670void
1671view(const void *arg) {
1672	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1673		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1674		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1675		arrange();
1676	}
1677}
1678
1679void
1680viewprevtag(const void *arg) {
1681	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1682	arrange();
1683}
1684
1685/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1686 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1687 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1688int
1689xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1690	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1691	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1692	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1693	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1694	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1695	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1696	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1697	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1698	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1699		return 0;
1700	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1701			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1702	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1703}
1704
1705int
1706xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1707	return 0;
1708}
1709
1710/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1711 * is already running. */
1712int
1713xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1714	otherwm = True;
1715	return -1;
1716}
1717
1718void
1719zoom(const void *arg) {
1720	Client *c = sel;
1721
1722	if(!lt->arrange || sel->isfloating)
1723		return;
1724	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1725		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1726			return;
1727	detach(c);
1728	attach(c);
1729	focus(c);
1730	arrange();
1731}
1732
1733int
1734main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1735	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1736		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1737	else if(argc != 1)
1738		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1739
1740	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1741	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1742		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1743
1744	checkotherwm();
1745	setup();
1746	scan();
1747	run();
1748	cleanup();
1749
1750	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1751	return 0;
1752}