all repos — dwm @ 5dd92c765570caa6d96ab125aa655e30cf82eb20

fork of suckless dynamic window manager

dwm.c (view raw)

   1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  48#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  49#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  50#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Monitor *mon;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123struct Monitor {
 124	int screen_number;
 125	float mfact;
 126	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 127	int mx, my, mw, mh;   /* screen size */
 128	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 129	unsigned int seltags;
 130	unsigned int sellt;
 131	unsigned int tagset[2];
 132	Bool showbar;
 133	Bool topbar;
 134	Client *clients;
 135	Client *sel;
 136	Client *stack;
 137	Monitor *next;
 138	Window barwin;
 139};
 140
 141typedef struct {
 142	const char *class;
 143	const char *instance;
 144	const char *title;
 145	unsigned int tags;
 146	Bool isfloating;
 147} Rule;
 148
 149/* function declarations */
 150static void applyrules(Client *c);
 151static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h, Bool interact);
 152static void arrange(void);
 153static void attach(Client *c);
 154static void attachstack(Client *c);
 155static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 156static void checkotherwm(void);
 157static void cleanup(void);
 158static void cleanupmons(void);
 159static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 160static void configure(Client *c);
 161static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 162static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 163static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 164static void detach(Client *c);
 165static void detachstack(Client *c);
 166static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 167static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 168static void drawbars(void);
 169static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 170static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 171static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void expose(XEvent *e);
 173static void focus(Client *c);
 174static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 175static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 176static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 177static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 178static Bool getrootpointer(int *x, int *y);
 179static long getstate(Window w);
 180static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 181static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 182static void grabkeys(void);
 183static Monitor *idxtomon(unsigned int n);
 184static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 185static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 186static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 187static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 188static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 189static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 190static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 191static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 192static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 193static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 194static Monitor *pointertomon(int x, int y);
 195static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 196static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 197static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool interact);
 198static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 199static void restack(Monitor *m);
 200static void run(void);
 201static void scan(void);
 202static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
 203static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 204static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 205static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 206static void setup(void);
 207static void showhide(Client *c);
 208static void sigchld(int signal);
 209static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 210static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 211static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 212static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 213static void tile(Monitor *);
 214static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 215static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 216static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 217static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 218static void unfocus(Client *c);
 219static void unmanage(Client *c);
 220static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 221static void updategeom(void);
 222static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 223static void updatebars(void);
 224static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 225static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 226static void updatestatus(void);
 227static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 228static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 229static void view(const Arg *arg);
 230static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
 231static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
 232static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 233static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 234static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 235static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 236
 237/* variables */
 238static char stext[256];
 239static int screen;
 240static int sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 241static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 242static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 243static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 244static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 245	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 246	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 247	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 248	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 249	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 250	[Expose] = expose,
 251	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 252	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 253	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 254	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 255	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 256	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 257};
 258static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 259static Bool otherwm;
 260static Bool running = True;
 261static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 262static Display *dpy;
 263static DC dc;
 264static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 265static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 266static Window root;
 267/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 268#include "config.h"
 269
 270/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 271struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 272
 273/* function implementations */
 274void
 275applyrules(Client *c) {
 276	unsigned int i;
 277	Rule *r;
 278	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 279
 280	/* rule matching */
 281	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 282	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 283		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 284			r = &rules[i];
 285			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 286			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 287			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 288				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 289				c->tags |= r->tags;
 290			}
 291		}
 292		if(ch.res_class)
 293			XFree(ch.res_class);
 294		if(ch.res_name)
 295			XFree(ch.res_name);
 296	}
 297	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 298}
 299
 300Bool
 301applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h, Bool interact) {
 302	Bool baseismin;
 303	Monitor *m = c->mon;
 304
 305	/* set minimum possible */
 306	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 307	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 308
 309	if(interact) {
 310		if(*x > sw)
 311			*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 312		if(*y > sh)
 313			*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 314		if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < 0)
 315			*x = 0;
 316		if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < 0)
 317			*y = 0;
 318	}
 319	else {
 320		if(*x > m->mx + m->mw)
 321			*x = m->mx + m->mw - WIDTH(c);
 322		if(*y > m->my + m->mh)
 323			*y = m->my + m->mh - HEIGHT(c);
 324		if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < m->mx)
 325			*x = m->mx;
 326		if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < m->my)
 327			*y = m->my;
 328	}
 329	if(*h < bh)
 330		*h = bh;
 331	if(*w < bh)
 332		*w = bh;
 333	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 334		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 335		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 336		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 337			*w -= c->basew;
 338			*h -= c->baseh;
 339		}
 340		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 341		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 342			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 343				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 344			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 345				*h = *w * c->mina;
 346		}
 347		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 348			*w -= c->basew;
 349			*h -= c->baseh;
 350		}
 351		/* adjust for increment value */
 352		if(c->incw)
 353			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 354		if(c->inch)
 355			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 356		/* restore base dimensions */
 357		*w += c->basew;
 358		*h += c->baseh;
 359		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 360		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 361		if(c->maxw)
 362			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 363		if(c->maxh)
 364			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 365	}
 366	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 367}
 368
 369void
 370arrange(void) {
 371	Monitor *m;
 372
 373	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 374	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 375		showhide(m->stack);
 376	focus(NULL);
 377	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 378		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 379			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 380		restack(m);
 381	}
 382}
 383
 384void
 385attach(Client *c) {
 386	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 387	c->mon->clients = c;
 388}
 389
 390void
 391attachstack(Client *c) {
 392	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 393	c->mon->stack = c;
 394}
 395
 396void
 397buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 398	unsigned int i, x, click;
 399	Arg arg = {0};
 400	Client *c;
 401	Monitor *m;
 402	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 403
 404	click = ClkRootWin;
 405	/* focus monitor if necessary */
 406	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 407		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 408		selmon = m;
 409		focus(NULL);
 410	}
 411	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 412		i = 0;
 413		x = selmon->btx;
 414		do
 415			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 416		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 417		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 418			click = ClkTagBar;
 419			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 420		}
 421		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 422			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 423		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 424			click = ClkStatusText;
 425		else
 426			click = ClkWinTitle;
 427	}
 428	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 429		focus(c);
 430		click = ClkClientWin;
 431	}
 432	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 433		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 434		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 435			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 436}
 437
 438void
 439checkotherwm(void) {
 440	otherwm = False;
 441	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 442	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 443	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 444	XSync(dpy, False);
 445	if(otherwm)
 446		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 447	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 448	XSync(dpy, False);
 449}
 450
 451void
 452cleanup(void) {
 453	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 454	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 455	Monitor *m;
 456
 457	view(&a);
 458	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 459	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 460		while(m->stack)
 461			unmanage(m->stack);
 462	if(dc.font.set)
 463		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 464	else
 465		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 466	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 467	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 468	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 469	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 470	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 471	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 472	cleanupmons();
 473	XSync(dpy, False);
 474	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 475}
 476
 477void
 478cleanupmons(void) {
 479	Monitor *m;
 480
 481	while(mons) {
 482		m = mons->next;
 483		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 484		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 485		free(mons);
 486		mons = m;
 487	}
 488}
 489
 490void
 491clearurgent(Client *c) {
 492	XWMHints *wmh;
 493
 494	c->isurgent = False;
 495	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 496		return;
 497	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 498	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 499	XFree(wmh);
 500}
 501
 502void
 503configure(Client *c) {
 504	XConfigureEvent ce;
 505
 506	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 507	ce.display = dpy;
 508	ce.event = c->win;
 509	ce.window = c->win;
 510	ce.x = c->x;
 511	ce.y = c->y;
 512	ce.width = c->w;
 513	ce.height = c->h;
 514	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 515	ce.above = None;
 516	ce.override_redirect = False;
 517	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 518}
 519
 520void
 521configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 522	Monitor *m;
 523	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 524
 525	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 526		sw = ev->width;
 527		sh = ev->height;
 528		updategeom();
 529		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 530			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 531		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 532		updatebars();
 533		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 534			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 535		arrange();
 536	}
 537}
 538
 539void
 540configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 541	Client *c;
 542	Monitor *m;
 543	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 544	XWindowChanges wc;
 545
 546	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 547		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 548			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 549		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 550			m = c->mon;
 551			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 552				c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
 553			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 554				c->y = m->my + ev->y;
 555			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 556				c->w = ev->width;
 557			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 558				c->h = ev->height;
 559			if((c->x - m->mx + c->w) > m->mw && c->isfloating)
 560				c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 561			if((c->y - m->my + c->h) > m->mh && c->isfloating)
 562				c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 563			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 564				configure(c);
 565			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 566				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 567		}
 568		else
 569			configure(c);
 570	}
 571	else {
 572		wc.x = ev->x;
 573		wc.y = ev->y;
 574		wc.width = ev->width;
 575		wc.height = ev->height;
 576		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 577		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 578		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 579		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 580	}
 581	XSync(dpy, False);
 582}
 583
 584void
 585destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 586	Client *c;
 587	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 588
 589	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 590		unmanage(c);
 591}
 592
 593void
 594detach(Client *c) {
 595	Client **tc;
 596
 597	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 598	*tc = c->next;
 599}
 600
 601void
 602detachstack(Client *c) {
 603	Client **tc, *t;
 604
 605	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 606	*tc = c->snext;
 607
 608	if(c == c->mon->sel) {
 609		for(t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
 610		c->mon->sel = t;
 611	}
 612}
 613
 614void
 615die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 616	va_list ap;
 617
 618	va_start(ap, errstr);
 619	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 620	va_end(ap);
 621	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 622}
 623
 624void
 625drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 626	int x;
 627	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 628	unsigned long *col;
 629	Client *c;
 630
 631	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 632		occ |= c->tags;
 633		if(c->isurgent)
 634			urg |= c->tags;
 635	}
 636	dc.x = 0;
 637	if(mons->next) { /* more than a single monitor */
 638		dc.w = TEXTW(monsyms[m->screen_number]);
 639		drawtext(monsyms[m->screen_number], selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, False);
 640		dc.x += dc.w;
 641	}
 642	m->btx = dc.x;
 643	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 644		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 645		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 646		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 647		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 648		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 649		dc.x += dc.w;
 650	}
 651	if(blw > 0) {
 652		dc.w = blw;
 653		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 654		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 655	}
 656	else
 657		x = dc.x;
 658	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 659		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 660		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 661		if(dc.x < x) {
 662			dc.x = x;
 663			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 664		}
 665		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 666	}
 667	else
 668		dc.x = m->ww;
 669	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 670		dc.x = x;
 671		if(m->sel) {
 672			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 673			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 674			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 675		}
 676		else
 677			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 678	}
 679	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 680	XSync(dpy, False);
 681}
 682
 683void
 684drawbars(void) {
 685	Monitor *m;
 686
 687	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 688		drawbar(m);
 689}
 690
 691void
 692drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 693	int x;
 694	XGCValues gcv;
 695	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 696
 697	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 698	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 699	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 700	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 701	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 702	if(filled) {
 703		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 704		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 705	}
 706	else if(empty) {
 707		r.width = r.height = x;
 708		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 709	}
 710}
 711
 712void
 713drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 714	char buf[256];
 715	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 716	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 717
 718	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 719	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 720	if(!text)
 721		return;
 722	olen = strlen(text);
 723	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 724	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 725	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 726	/* shorten text if necessary */
 727	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 728	if(!len)
 729		return;
 730	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 731	if(len < olen)
 732		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 733	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 734	if(dc.font.set)
 735		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 736	else
 737		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 738}
 739
 740void
 741enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 742	Client *c;
 743	Monitor *m;
 744	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 745
 746	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 747		return;
 748	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 749		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 750		selmon = m;
 751	}
 752	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 753		focus(c);
 754	else
 755		focus(NULL);
 756}
 757
 758void
 759expose(XEvent *e) {
 760	Monitor *m;
 761	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 762
 763	if(ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window)))
 764		drawbar(m);
 765}
 766
 767void
 768focus(Client *c) {
 769	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 770		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 771	if(selmon->sel)
 772		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 773	if(c) {
 774		if(c->mon != selmon)
 775			selmon = c->mon;
 776		if(c->isurgent)
 777			clearurgent(c);
 778		detachstack(c);
 779		attachstack(c);
 780		grabbuttons(c, True);
 781		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 782		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 783	}
 784	else
 785		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 786	selmon->sel = c;
 787	drawbars();
 788}
 789
 790void
 791focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 792	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 793
 794	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 795		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 796}
 797
 798void
 799focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 800	Monitor *m;
 801
 802	if(!(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)) || m == selmon)
 803		return;
 804	unfocus(selmon->sel);
 805	selmon = m;
 806	focus(NULL);
 807}
 808
 809void
 810focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 811	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 812
 813	if(!selmon->sel)
 814		return;
 815	if(arg->i > 0) {
 816		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 817		if(!c)
 818			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 819	}
 820	else {
 821		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 822			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 823				c = i;
 824		if(!c)
 825			for(; i; i = i->next)
 826				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 827					c = i;
 828	}
 829	if(c) {
 830		focus(c);
 831		restack(selmon);
 832	}
 833}
 834
 835unsigned long
 836getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 837	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 838	XColor color;
 839
 840	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 841		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 842	return color.pixel;
 843}
 844
 845Bool
 846getrootpointer(int *x, int *y) {
 847	int di;
 848	unsigned int dui;
 849	Window dummy;
 850
 851	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
 852}
 853
 854long
 855getstate(Window w) {
 856	int format, status;
 857	long result = -1;
 858	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 859	unsigned long n, extra;
 860	Atom real;
 861
 862	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 863			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 864	if(status != Success)
 865		return -1;
 866	if(n != 0)
 867		result = *p;
 868	XFree(p);
 869	return result;
 870}
 871
 872Bool
 873gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 874	char **list = NULL;
 875	int n;
 876	XTextProperty name;
 877
 878	if(!text || size == 0)
 879		return False;
 880	text[0] = '\0';
 881	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 882	if(!name.nitems)
 883		return False;
 884	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 885		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 886	else {
 887		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 888		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 889			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 890			XFreeStringList(list);
 891		}
 892	}
 893	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 894	XFree(name.value);
 895	return True;
 896}
 897
 898void
 899grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 900	updatenumlockmask();
 901	{
 902		unsigned int i, j;
 903		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 904		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 905		if(focused) {
 906			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 907				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 908					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 909						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 910						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 911						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 912						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 913		} else
 914			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 915			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 916	}
 917}
 918
 919void
 920grabkeys(void) {
 921	updatenumlockmask();
 922	{
 923		unsigned int i, j;
 924		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 925		KeyCode code;
 926
 927		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 928		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 929			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 930				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 931					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 932						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 933		}
 934	}
 935}
 936
 937Monitor *
 938idxtomon(unsigned int n) {
 939	unsigned int i;
 940	Monitor *m;
 941
 942	for(m = mons, i = 0; m && i != n; m = m->next, i++);
 943	return m;
 944}
 945
 946void
 947initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 948	char *def, **missing;
 949	int i, n;
 950
 951	missing = NULL;
 952	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 953	if(missing) {
 954		while(n--)
 955			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 956		XFreeStringList(missing);
 957	}
 958	if(dc.font.set) {
 959		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 960		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 961		char **font_names;
 962		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 963		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 964		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 965		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 966			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 967			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 968			xfonts++;
 969		}
 970	}
 971	else {
 972		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 973		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 974			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 975		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 976		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 977	}
 978	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 979}
 980
 981Bool
 982isprotodel(Client *c) {
 983	int i, n;
 984	Atom *protocols;
 985	Bool ret = False;
 986
 987	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 988		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 989			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 990				ret = True;
 991		XFree(protocols);
 992	}
 993	return ret;
 994}
 995
 996void
 997keypress(XEvent *e) {
 998	unsigned int i;
 999	KeySym keysym;
1000	XKeyEvent *ev;
1001
1002	ev = &e->xkey;
1003	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1004	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1005		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1006		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1007		   && keys[i].func)
1008			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1009}
1010
1011void
1012killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1013	XEvent ev;
1014
1015	if(!selmon->sel)
1016		return;
1017	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1018		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1019		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1020		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1021		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1022		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1023		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1024		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1025	}
1026	else
1027		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1028}
1029
1030void
1031manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1032	static Client cz;
1033	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1034	Window trans = None;
1035	XWindowChanges wc;
1036
1037	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1038		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1039	*c = cz;
1040	c->win = w;
1041	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1042		t = wintoclient(trans);
1043	if(t) {
1044		c->mon = t->mon;
1045		c->tags = t->tags;
1046	}
1047	else {
1048		c->mon = selmon;
1049		applyrules(c);
1050	}
1051	/* geometry */
1052	c->x = wa->x + c->mon->wx;
1053	c->y = wa->y + c->mon->wy;
1054	c->w = wa->width;
1055	c->h = wa->height;
1056	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1057	if(c->w == c->mon->mw && c->h == c->mon->mh) {
1058		c->x = c->mon->mx;
1059		c->y = c->mon->my;
1060		c->bw = 0;
1061	}
1062	else {
1063		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw)
1064			c->x = c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c);
1065		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->my + c->mon->mh)
1066			c->y = c->mon->my + c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c);
1067		c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
1068		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1069		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1070		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : c->mon->my);
1071		c->bw = borderpx;
1072	}
1073	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1074	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1075	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1076	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1077	updatesizehints(c);
1078	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1079	grabbuttons(c, False);
1080	updatetitle(c);
1081	if(!c->isfloating)
1082		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1083	if(c->isfloating)
1084		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1085	attach(c);
1086	attachstack(c);
1087	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1088	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1089	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1090	arrange();
1091}
1092
1093void
1094mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1095	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1096
1097	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1098	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1099		grabkeys();
1100}
1101
1102void
1103maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1104	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1105	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1106
1107	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1108		return;
1109	if(wa.override_redirect)
1110		return;
1111	if(!wintoclient(ev->window))
1112		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1113}
1114
1115void
1116monocle(Monitor *m) {
1117	Client *c;
1118
1119	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1120		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw, False);
1121}
1122
1123void
1124movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1125	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
1126	Client *c;
1127	Monitor *m;
1128	XEvent ev;
1129
1130	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1131		return;
1132	restack(selmon);
1133	ocx = c->x;
1134	ocy = c->y;
1135	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1136	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1137		return;
1138	if(!getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1139		return;
1140	do {
1141		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1142		switch (ev.type) {
1143		case ConfigureRequest:
1144		case Expose:
1145		case MapRequest:
1146			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1147			break;
1148		case MotionNotify:
1149			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1150			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1151			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1152			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1153				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1154					nx = selmon->wx;
1155				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1156					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1157				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1158					ny = selmon->wy;
1159				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1160					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1161				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1162				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1163					togglefloating(NULL);
1164			}
1165			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1166				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, True);
1167			break;
1168		}
1169	}
1170	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1171	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1172	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1173		sendmon(c, m);
1174		selmon = m;
1175		focus(NULL);
1176	}
1177}
1178
1179Client *
1180nexttiled(Client *c) {
1181	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1182	return c;
1183}
1184
1185Monitor *
1186pointertomon(int x, int y) {
1187	Monitor *m;
1188
1189	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1190		if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh))
1191			return m;
1192	return selmon;
1193}
1194
1195void
1196propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1197	Client *c;
1198	Window trans;
1199	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1200
1201	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1202		updatestatus();
1203	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1204		return; /* ignore */
1205	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
1206		switch (ev->atom) {
1207		default: break;
1208		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1209			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1210			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans) != NULL)))
1211				arrange();
1212			break;
1213		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1214			updatesizehints(c);
1215			break;
1216		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1217			updatewmhints(c);
1218			drawbars();
1219			break;
1220		}
1221		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1222			updatetitle(c);
1223			if(c == selmon->sel)
1224				drawbars();
1225		}
1226	}
1227}
1228
1229void
1230quit(const Arg *arg) {
1231	running = False;
1232}
1233
1234void
1235resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool interact) {
1236	XWindowChanges wc;
1237
1238	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h, interact)) {
1239		c->x = wc.x = x;
1240		c->y = wc.y = y;
1241		c->w = wc.width = w;
1242		c->h = wc.height = h;
1243		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1244		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1245		configure(c);
1246		XSync(dpy, False);
1247	}
1248}
1249
1250void
1251resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1252	int ocx, ocy;
1253	int nw, nh;
1254	Client *c;
1255	Monitor *m;
1256	XEvent ev;
1257
1258	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1259		return;
1260	restack(selmon);
1261	ocx = c->x;
1262	ocy = c->y;
1263	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1264	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1265		return;
1266	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1267	do {
1268		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1269		switch(ev.type) {
1270		case ConfigureRequest:
1271		case Expose:
1272		case MapRequest:
1273			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1274			break;
1275		case MotionNotify:
1276			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1277			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1278			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1279			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1280				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1281				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1282					togglefloating(NULL);
1283			}
1284			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1285				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1286			break;
1287		}
1288	}
1289	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1290	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1291	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1292	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1293	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1294		sendmon(c, m);
1295		selmon = m;
1296		focus(NULL);
1297	}
1298}
1299
1300void
1301restack(Monitor *m) {
1302	Client *c;
1303	XEvent ev;
1304	XWindowChanges wc;
1305
1306	drawbars();
1307	if(!m->sel)
1308		return;
1309	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1310		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1311	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1312		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1313		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1314		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1315			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1316				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1317				wc.sibling = c->win;
1318			}
1319	}
1320	XSync(dpy, False);
1321	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1322}
1323
1324void
1325run(void) {
1326	XEvent ev;
1327
1328	/* main event loop */
1329	XSync(dpy, False);
1330	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1331		if(handler[ev.type])
1332			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1333	}
1334}
1335
1336void
1337scan(void) {
1338	unsigned int i, num;
1339	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1340	XWindowAttributes wa;
1341
1342	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1343		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1344			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1345			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1346				continue;
1347			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1348				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1349		}
1350		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1351			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1352				continue;
1353			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1354			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1355				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1356		}
1357		if(wins)
1358			XFree(wins);
1359	}
1360}
1361
1362void
1363sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
1364	if(c->mon == m)
1365		return;
1366	unfocus(c);
1367	detach(c);
1368	detachstack(c);
1369	c->mon = m;
1370	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1371	attach(c);
1372	attachstack(c);
1373	focus(NULL);
1374	arrange();
1375}
1376
1377void
1378setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1379	long data[] = {state, None};
1380
1381	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1382			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1383}
1384
1385void
1386setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1387	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1388		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1389	if(arg && arg->v)
1390		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1391	if(selmon->sel)
1392		arrange();
1393	else
1394		drawbars();
1395}
1396
1397/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1398void
1399setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1400	float f;
1401
1402	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1403		return;
1404	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1405	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1406		return;
1407	selmon->mfact = f;
1408	arrange();
1409}
1410
1411void
1412setup(void) {
1413	unsigned int i;
1414	int w;
1415	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1416
1417	/* init screen */
1418	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1419	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1420	initfont(font);
1421	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1422	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1423	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1424	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1425	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1426	updategeom();
1427	/* init atoms */
1428	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1429	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1430	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1431	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1432	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1433	/* init cursors */
1434	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1435	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1436	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1437	/* init appearance */
1438	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1439	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1440	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1441	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1442	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1443	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1444	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1445	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1446	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1447	if(!dc.font.set)
1448		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1449	/* init bars */
1450	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1451		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1452		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1453	}
1454	updatebars();
1455	updatestatus();
1456	/* EWMH support per view */
1457	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1458			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1459	/* select for events */
1460	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1461	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1462			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1463			|PropertyChangeMask;
1464	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1465	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1466	grabkeys();
1467}
1468
1469void
1470showhide(Client *c) {
1471	if(!c)
1472		return;
1473	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1474		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1475		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1476			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, False);
1477		showhide(c->snext);
1478	}
1479	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1480		showhide(c->snext);
1481		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1482	}
1483}
1484
1485
1486void
1487sigchld(int signal) {
1488	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1489}
1490
1491void
1492spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1493	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1494	if(fork() == 0) {
1495		if(dpy)
1496			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1497		setsid();
1498		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1499		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1500		perror(" failed");
1501		exit(0);
1502	}
1503}
1504
1505void
1506tag(const Arg *arg) {
1507	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1508		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1509		arrange();
1510	}
1511}
1512
1513void
1514tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1515	Monitor *m;
1516
1517	if(!selmon->sel || !(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)))
1518		return;
1519	sendmon(selmon->sel, m);
1520}
1521
1522int
1523textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1524	XRectangle r;
1525
1526	if(dc.font.set) {
1527		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1528		return r.width;
1529	}
1530	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1531}
1532
1533void
1534tile(Monitor *m) {
1535	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1536	unsigned int i, n;
1537	Client *c;
1538
1539	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1540	if(n == 0)
1541		return;
1542	/* master */
1543	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1544	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1545	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw, False);
1546	if(--n == 0)
1547		return;
1548	/* tile stack */
1549	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1550	y = m->wy;
1551	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1552	h = m->wh / n;
1553	if(h < bh)
1554		h = m->wh;
1555	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1556		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1557		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), False);
1558		if(h != m->wh)
1559			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1560	}
1561}
1562
1563void
1564togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1565	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1566	updatebarpos(selmon);
1567	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1568	arrange();
1569}
1570
1571void
1572togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1573	if(!selmon->sel)
1574		return;
1575	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1576	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1577		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y,
1578		       selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h, False);
1579	arrange();
1580}
1581
1582void
1583toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1584	unsigned int mask;
1585
1586	if(!selmon->sel)
1587		return;
1588	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1589	if(mask) {
1590		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1591		arrange();
1592	}
1593}
1594
1595void
1596toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1597	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1598
1599	if(mask) {
1600		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1601		arrange();
1602	}
1603}
1604
1605void
1606unfocus(Client *c) {
1607	if(!c)
1608		return;
1609	grabbuttons(c, False);
1610	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1611	XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1612}
1613
1614void
1615unmanage(Client *c) {
1616	XWindowChanges wc;
1617
1618	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1619	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1620	XGrabServer(dpy);
1621	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1622	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1623	detach(c);
1624	detachstack(c);
1625	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1626	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1627	free(c);
1628	XSync(dpy, False);
1629	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1630	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1631	focus(NULL);
1632	arrange();
1633}
1634
1635void
1636unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1637	Client *c;
1638	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1639
1640	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
1641		unmanage(c);
1642}
1643
1644void
1645updatebars(void) {
1646	Monitor *m;
1647	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1648
1649	wa.override_redirect = True;
1650	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1651	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1652	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1653		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1654		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1655		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1656		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1657		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1658	}
1659}
1660
1661void
1662updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1663	m->wy = m->my;
1664	m->wh = m->mh;
1665	if(m->showbar) {
1666		m->wh -= bh;
1667		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1668		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1669	}
1670	else
1671		m->by = -bh;
1672}
1673
1674void
1675updategeom(void) {
1676	int i, n = 1;
1677	Client *c;
1678	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1679
1680#ifdef XINERAMA
1681	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1682
1683	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1684		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1685#endif /* XINERAMA */
1686	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1687	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1688		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1689		m->next = newmons;
1690		newmons = m;
1691	}
1692	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1693#ifdef XINERAMA
1694	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1695		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1696			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1697			m->mx = m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1698			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1699			m->mw = m->ww = info[i].width;
1700			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1701		}
1702		XFree(info);
1703	}
1704	else
1705#endif /* XINERAMA */
1706	/* default monitor setup */
1707	{
1708		m->screen_number = 0;
1709		m->mx = m->wx = 0;
1710		m->my = m->wy = 0;
1711		m->mw = m->ww = sw;
1712		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1713	}
1714	/* bar geometry setup */
1715	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1716		m->sel = m->stack = m->clients = NULL;
1717		m->seltags = 0;
1718		m->sellt = 0;
1719		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1720		m->mfact = mfact;
1721		m->showbar = SHOWBAR;
1722		m->topbar = TOPBAR;
1723		updatebarpos(m);
1724	}
1725	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1726	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1727		while(tm->clients) {
1728			c = tm->clients;
1729			tm->clients = c->next;
1730			detachstack(c);
1731			c->mon = newmons;
1732			attach(c);
1733			attachstack(c);
1734		}
1735	/* select focused monitor */
1736	cleanupmons();
1737	selmon = mons = newmons;
1738	selmon = wintomon(root);
1739}
1740
1741void
1742updatenumlockmask(void) {
1743	unsigned int i, j;
1744	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1745
1746	numlockmask = 0;
1747	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1748	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1749		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1750			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1751			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1752				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1753	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1754}
1755
1756void
1757updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1758	long msize;
1759	XSizeHints size;
1760
1761	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1762		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1763		size.flags = PSize;
1764	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1765		c->basew = size.base_width;
1766		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1767	}
1768	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1769		c->basew = size.min_width;
1770		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1771	}
1772	else
1773		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1774	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1775		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1776		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1777	}
1778	else
1779		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1780	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1781		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1782		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1783	}
1784	else
1785		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1786	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1787		c->minw = size.min_width;
1788		c->minh = size.min_height;
1789	}
1790	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1791		c->minw = size.base_width;
1792		c->minh = size.base_height;
1793	}
1794	else
1795		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1796	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1797		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1798		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1799	}
1800	else
1801		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1802	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1803	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1804}
1805
1806void
1807updatetitle(Client *c) {
1808	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1809		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1810}
1811
1812void
1813updatestatus(void) {
1814	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1815		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1816	drawbar(selmon);
1817}
1818
1819void
1820updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1821	XWMHints *wmh;
1822
1823	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1824		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1825			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1826			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1827		}
1828		else
1829			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1830		XFree(wmh);
1831	}
1832}
1833
1834void
1835view(const Arg *arg) {
1836	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1837		return;
1838	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1839	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1840		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1841	arrange();
1842}
1843
1844Client *
1845wintoclient(Window w) {
1846	Client *c;
1847	Monitor *m;
1848
1849	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1850		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
1851			if(c->win == w)
1852				return c;
1853	return NULL;
1854}
1855
1856Monitor *
1857wintomon(Window w) {
1858	int x, y;
1859	Client *c;
1860	Monitor *m;
1861
1862	if(w == root && getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1863		return pointertomon(x, y);
1864	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1865		if(w == m->barwin)
1866			return m;
1867	if((c = wintoclient(w)))
1868		return c->mon;
1869	return selmon;
1870}
1871
1872/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1873 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1874 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1875int
1876xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1877	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1878	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1879	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1880	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1881	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1882	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1883	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1884	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1885	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1886		return 0;
1887	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1888			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1889	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1890}
1891
1892int
1893xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1894	return 0;
1895}
1896
1897/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1898 * is already running. */
1899int
1900xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1901	otherwm = True;
1902	return -1;
1903}
1904
1905void
1906zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1907	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1908
1909	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1910	|| lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle
1911	|| (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1912		return;
1913	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1914		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1915			return;
1916	detach(c);
1917	attach(c);
1918	focus(c);
1919	arrange();
1920}
1921
1922int
1923main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1924	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1925		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1926	else if(argc != 1)
1927		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1928	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1929		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1930	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1931		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1932	checkotherwm();
1933	setup();
1934	scan();
1935	run();
1936	cleanup();
1937	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1938	return 0;
1939}