1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20 * client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkLtSymbol = -1, ClkStatusText = -2, ClkWinTitle = -3,
  63       ClkClientWin = -4, ClkRootWin = -5, ClkLast = -6};/* clicks */
  64
  65/* typedefs */
  66typedef unsigned int uint;
  67typedef unsigned long ulong;
  68
  69typedef union {
  70	int i;
  71	uint ui;
  72	float f;
  73	void *v;
  74} Arg;
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	uint click;
  78	uint mask;
  79	uint button;
  80	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  81	const Arg arg;
  82} Button;
  83
  84typedef struct Client Client;
  85struct Client {
  86	char name[256];
  87	int x, y, w, h;
  88	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  89	float mina, maxa;
  90	int bw, oldbw;
  91	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, ismoved, isurgent;
  92	uint tags;
  93	Client *next;
  94	Client *snext;
  95	Window win;
  96};
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	int x, y, w, h;
 100	ulong norm[ColLast];
 101	ulong sel[ColLast];
 102	Drawable drawable;
 103	GC gc;
 104	struct {
 105		int ascent;
 106		int descent;
 107		int height;
 108		XFontSet set;
 109		XFontStruct *xfont;
 110	} font;
 111} DC; /* draw context */
 112
 113typedef struct {
 114	uint mod;
 115	KeySym keysym;
 116	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 117	const Arg arg;
 118} Key;
 119
 120typedef struct {
 121	const char *symbol;
 122	void (*arrange)(void);
 123} Layout;
 124
 125typedef struct {
 126	const char *class;
 127	const char *instance;
 128	const char *title;
 129	uint tags;
 130	Bool isfloating;
 131} Rule;
 132
 133/* function declarations */
 134static void applyrules(Client *c);
 135static void arrange(void);
 136static void attach(Client *c);
 137static void attachstack(Client *c);
 138static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 139static void checkotherwm(void);
 140static void cleanup(void);
 141static void configure(Client *c);
 142static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 143static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 144static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 145static void detach(Client *c);
 146static void detachstack(Client *c);
 147static void drawbar(void);
 148static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 149static void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 150static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 151static void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 152static void expose(XEvent *e);
 153static void focus(Client *c);
 154static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 155static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 156static Client *getclient(Window w);
 157static ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 158static long getstate(Window w);
 159static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 160static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 161static void grabkeys(void);
 162static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 163static Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 164static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 165static Bool isurgent(uint t);
 166static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 167static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 168static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 169static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 170static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 171static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 172static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 173static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 174static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 175static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 176static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 177static void restack(void);
 178static void run(void);
 179static void scan(void);
 180static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 181static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 182static void setup(void);
 183static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 184static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 185static int textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 186static void tile(void);
 187static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 188static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 189static void togglelayout(const Arg *arg);
 190static void togglemax(const Arg *arg);
 191static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 192static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 193static void unmanage(Client *c);
 194static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 195static void updatebar(void);
 196static void updategeom(void);
 197static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 198static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 199static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 200static void view(const Arg *arg);
 201static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 202static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 205
 206/* variables */
 207static char stext[256];
 208static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 209static int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 210static uint seltags = 0;
 211static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 212static uint numlockmask = 0;
 213static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 214	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 215	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 216	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 217	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 218	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 219	[Expose] = expose,
 220	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 221	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 222	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 223	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 224	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 225	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 226};
 227static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 228static Bool ismax = False;
 229static Bool otherwm, readin;
 230static Bool running = True;
 231static uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 232static Client *clients = NULL;
 233static Client *sel = NULL;
 234static Client *stack = NULL;
 235static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 236static Display *dpy;
 237static DC dc = {0};
 238static Layout *lt = NULL;
 239static Window root, barwin;
 240/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 241#include "config.h"
 242
 243/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 244struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 245
 246/* function implementations */
 247void
 248applyrules(Client *c) {
 249	uint i;
 250	Rule *r;
 251	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 252
 253	/* rule matching */
 254	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 255	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 256		r = &rules[i];
 257		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 258		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 259		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 260			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 261			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 262		}
 263	}
 264	if(ch.res_class)
 265		XFree(ch.res_class);
 266	if(ch.res_name)
 267		XFree(ch.res_name);
 268	if(!c->tags)
 269		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 270}
 271
 272void
 273arrange(void) {
 274	Client *c;
 275
 276	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 277		if(c->tags & tagset[seltags]) { /* is visible */
 278			if(ismax && !c->isfixed) {
 279				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
 280				c->ismoved = True;
 281			}
 282			else if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 283				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 284			c->isbanned = False;
 285		}
 286		else if(!c->isbanned) {
 287			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 288			c->isbanned = c->ismoved = True;
 289		}
 290
 291	focus(NULL);
 292	if(lt->arrange && !ismax)
 293		lt->arrange();
 294	restack();
 295}
 296
 297void
 298attach(Client *c) {
 299	c->next = clients;
 300	clients = c;
 301}
 302
 303void
 304attachstack(Client *c) {
 305	c->snext = stack;
 306	stack = c;
 307}
 308
 309void
 310buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 311	uint i, x, click;
 312	Client *c;
 313	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 314
 315	click = ClkRootWin;
 316	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 317		x = 0;
 318		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags) && ev->x >= x; i++) {
 319			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 320			if(i < LENGTH(tags) || ev->x <= x)
 321				click = i - 1;
 322			else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 323				click = ClkLtSymbol;
 324			else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 325				click = ClkStatusText;
 326			else
 327				click = ClkWinTitle;
 328		}
 329	}
 330	else if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 331		click = ClkClientWin;
 332
 333	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 334		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 335			buttons[i].func(&buttons[i].arg);
 336}
 337
 338void
 339checkotherwm(void) {
 340	otherwm = False;
 341	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 342
 343	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 344	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 345	XSync(dpy, False);
 346	if(otherwm)
 347		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 348	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 349	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 350	XSync(dpy, False);
 351}
 352
 353void
 354cleanup(void) {
 355	Arg a = {.i = ~0};
 356	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 357
 358	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 359	view(&a);
 360	lt = &foo;
 361	while(stack)
 362		unmanage(stack);
 363	if(dc.font.set)
 364		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 365	else
 366		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 367	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 368	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 369	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 370	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 371	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 372	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 373	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 374	XSync(dpy, False);
 375	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 376}
 377
 378void
 379configure(Client *c) {
 380	XConfigureEvent ce;
 381
 382	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 383	ce.display = dpy;
 384	ce.event = c->win;
 385	ce.window = c->win;
 386	ce.x = c->x;
 387	ce.y = c->y;
 388	ce.width = c->w;
 389	ce.height = c->h;
 390	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 391	ce.above = None;
 392	ce.override_redirect = False;
 393	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 394}
 395
 396void
 397configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 398	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 399
 400	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 401		sw = ev->width;
 402		sh = ev->height;
 403		updategeom();
 404		updatebar();
 405		arrange();
 406	}
 407}
 408
 409void
 410configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 411	Client *c;
 412	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 413	XWindowChanges wc;
 414
 415	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 416		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 417			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 418		if(ismax && !c->isbanned && !c->isfixed)
 419			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh + 2 * c->bw);
 420		else if(c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 421			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 422				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 423			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 424				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 425			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 426				c->w = ev->width;
 427			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 428				c->h = ev->height;
 429			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 430				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 431			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 432				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 433			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 434			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 435				configure(c);
 436			if(!c->isbanned)
 437				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 438		}
 439		else
 440			configure(c);
 441	}
 442	else {
 443		wc.x = ev->x;
 444		wc.y = ev->y;
 445		wc.width = ev->width;
 446		wc.height = ev->height;
 447		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 448		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 449		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 450		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 451	}
 452	XSync(dpy, False);
 453}
 454
 455void
 456destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 457	Client *c;
 458	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 459
 460	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 461		unmanage(c);
 462}
 463
 464void
 465detach(Client *c) {
 466	Client *i;
 467
 468	if (c != clients) {
 469		for(i = clients; i->next != c; i = i->next);
 470		i->next = c->next;
 471	}
 472	else {
 473		clients = c->next;
 474	}
 475	c->next =  NULL;
 476}
 477
 478void
 479detachstack(Client *c) {
 480	Client **tc;
 481
 482	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 483	*tc = c->snext;
 484}
 485
 486void
 487drawbar(void) {
 488	int i, x;
 489	Client *c;
 490
 491	dc.x = 0;
 492	for(c = stack; c && c->isbanned; c = c->snext);
 493	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 494		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 495		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 496			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 497			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 498		}
 499		else {
 500			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 501			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 502		}
 503		dc.x += dc.w;
 504	}
 505	if(blw > 0) {
 506		dc.w = blw;
 507		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, ismax);
 508		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 509	}
 510	else
 511		x = dc.x;
 512	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 513	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 514	if(dc.x < x) {
 515		dc.x = x;
 516		dc.w = ww - x;
 517	}
 518	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 519	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 520		dc.x = x;
 521		if(c) {
 522			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 523			drawsquare(c->isfixed, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 524		}
 525		else
 526			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 527	}
 528	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 529	XSync(dpy, False);
 530}
 531
 532void
 533drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 534	int x;
 535	XGCValues gcv;
 536	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 537
 538	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 539	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 540	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 541	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 542	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 543	if(filled) {
 544		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 545		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 546	}
 547	else if(empty) {
 548		r.width = r.height = x;
 549		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 550	}
 551}
 552
 553void
 554drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 555	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 556	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 557	char buf[256];
 558
 559	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 560	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 561	if(!text)
 562		return;
 563	olen = strlen(text);
 564	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 565	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 566	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 567	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 568	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 569	/* shorten text if necessary */
 570	for(; len && (i = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 571	if(!len)
 572		return;
 573	if(len < olen)
 574		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 575	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 576	if(dc.font.set)
 577		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 578	else
 579		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 580}
 581
 582void
 583enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 584	Client *c;
 585	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 586
 587	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 588		return;
 589	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 590		focus(c);
 591	else
 592		focus(NULL);
 593}
 594
 595void
 596eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 597	va_list ap;
 598
 599	va_start(ap, errstr);
 600	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 601	va_end(ap);
 602	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 603}
 604
 605void
 606expose(XEvent *e) {
 607	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 608
 609	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 610		drawbar();
 611}
 612
 613void
 614focus(Client *c) {
 615	if(!c || c->isbanned)
 616		for(c = stack; c && c->isbanned; c = c->snext);
 617	if(sel && sel != c) {
 618		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 619		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 620	}
 621	if(c) {
 622		detachstack(c);
 623		attachstack(c);
 624		grabbuttons(c, True);
 625		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 626		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 627	}
 628	else
 629		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 630	sel = c;
 631	drawbar();
 632}
 633
 634void
 635focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 636	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 637
 638	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 639		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 640}
 641
 642void
 643focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 644	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 645
 646	if(!sel)
 647		return;
 648	if (arg->i > 0) {
 649		for(c = sel->next; c && c->isbanned; c = c->next);
 650		if(!c)
 651			for(c = clients; c && c->isbanned; c = c->next);
 652	}
 653	else {
 654		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 655			if (!i->isbanned)
 656				c = i;
 657		if(!c)
 658			for(; i; i = i->next)
 659				if (!i->isbanned)
 660					c = i;
 661	}
 662	if(c) {
 663		focus(c);
 664		restack();
 665	}
 666}
 667
 668Client *
 669getclient(Window w) {
 670	Client *c;
 671
 672	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 673	return c;
 674}
 675
 676ulong
 677getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 678	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 679	XColor color;
 680
 681	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 682		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 683	return color.pixel;
 684}
 685
 686long
 687getstate(Window w) {
 688	int format, status;
 689	long result = -1;
 690	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 691	ulong n, extra;
 692	Atom real;
 693
 694	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 695			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 696	if(status != Success)
 697		return -1;
 698	if(n != 0)
 699		result = *p;
 700	XFree(p);
 701	return result;
 702}
 703
 704Bool
 705gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 706	char **list = NULL;
 707	int n;
 708	XTextProperty name;
 709
 710	if(!text || size == 0)
 711		return False;
 712	text[0] = '\0';
 713	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 714	if(!name.nitems)
 715		return False;
 716	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 717		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 718	else {
 719		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 720		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 721			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 722			XFreeStringList(list);
 723		}
 724	}
 725	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 726	XFree(name.value);
 727	return True;
 728}
 729
 730void
 731grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 732	int i, j;
 733	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 734	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask };
 735
 736	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 737	if(focused)
 738		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 739			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 740				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 741					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 742	else
 743		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 744			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 745}
 746
 747void
 748grabkeys(void) {
 749	uint i, j;
 750	KeyCode code;
 751	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 752
 753	/* init modifier map */
 754	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 755	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 756		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 757			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 758				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 759		}
 760	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 761
 762	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 763	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 764		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 765		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 766				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 767		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 768				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 769		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 770				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 771		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 772				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 773	}
 774}
 775
 776void
 777initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 778	char *def, **missing;
 779	int i, n;
 780
 781	missing = NULL;
 782	if(dc.font.set)
 783		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 784	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 785	if(missing) {
 786		while(n--)
 787			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 788		XFreeStringList(missing);
 789	}
 790	if(dc.font.set) {
 791		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 792		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 793		char **font_names;
 794		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 795		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 796		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 797		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 798			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 799			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 800			xfonts++;
 801		}
 802	}
 803	else {
 804		if(dc.font.xfont)
 805			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 806		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 807		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 808		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 809			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 810		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 811		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 812	}
 813	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 814}
 815
 816Bool
 817isoccupied(uint t) {
 818	Client *c;
 819
 820	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 821		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 822			return True;
 823	return False;
 824}
 825
 826Bool
 827isprotodel(Client *c) {
 828	int i, n;
 829	Atom *protocols;
 830	Bool ret = False;
 831
 832	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 833		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 834			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 835				ret = True;
 836		XFree(protocols);
 837	}
 838	return ret;
 839}
 840
 841Bool
 842isurgent(uint t) {
 843	Client *c;
 844
 845	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 846		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 847			return True;
 848	return False;
 849}
 850
 851void
 852keypress(XEvent *e) {
 853	uint i;
 854	KeySym keysym;
 855	XKeyEvent *ev;
 856
 857	ev = &e->xkey;
 858	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 859	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 860		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 861		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 862		   && keys[i].func)
 863			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 864}
 865
 866void
 867killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 868	XEvent ev;
 869
 870	if(!sel)
 871		return;
 872	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 873		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 874		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 875		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 876		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 877		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 878		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 879		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 880	}
 881	else
 882		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 883}
 884
 885void
 886manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 887	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 888	Status rettrans;
 889	Window trans;
 890	XWindowChanges wc;
 891
 892	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 893		eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 894	c->win = w;
 895
 896	/* geometry */
 897	c->x = wa->x;
 898	c->y = wa->y;
 899	c->w = wa->width;
 900	c->h = wa->height;
 901	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 902	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 903		c->x = sx;
 904		c->y = sy;
 905		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 906	}
 907	else {
 908		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 909			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 910		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 911			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 912		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 913		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 914		c->bw = borderpx;
 915	}
 916
 917	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 918	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 919	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 920	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 921	updatesizehints(c);
 922	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 923	grabbuttons(c, False);
 924	updatetitle(c);
 925	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 926		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 927	if(t)
 928		c->tags = t->tags;
 929	else
 930		applyrules(c);
 931	if(!c->isfloating)
 932		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 933	if(c->isfloating)
 934		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 935	attach(c);
 936	attachstack(c);
 937	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 938	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 939	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 940	arrange();
 941}
 942
 943void
 944mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 945	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 946
 947	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 948	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 949		grabkeys();
 950}
 951
 952void
 953maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 954	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 955	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 956
 957	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 958		return;
 959	if(wa.override_redirect)
 960		return;
 961	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 962		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 963}
 964
 965void
 966movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 967	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 968	uint dui;
 969	Client *c;
 970	Window dummy;
 971	XEvent ev;
 972
 973	if(!(c = sel))
 974		return;
 975	restack();
 976	ocx = nx = c->x;
 977	ocy = ny = c->y;
 978	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 979	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 980		return;
 981	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 982	if(x1 < c->x || x1 > c->x + c->w || y1 < c->y || y1 > c->y + c->h) {
 983		XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 984		x1 = c->x + 1;
 985		y1 = c->y + 1;
 986	}
 987	for(;;) {
 988		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 989		switch (ev.type) {
 990		case ButtonRelease:
 991			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 992			return;
 993		case ConfigureRequest:
 994		case Expose:
 995		case MapRequest:
 996			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 997			break;
 998		case MotionNotify:
 999			XSync(dpy, False);
1000			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1001			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1002			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1003			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1004				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1005					nx = wx;
1006				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1007					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1008				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1009					ny = wy;
1010				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1011					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1012				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1013					togglefloating(NULL);
1014			}
1015			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1016				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1017			break;
1018		}
1019	}
1020}
1021
1022Client *
1023nexttiled(Client *c) {
1024	for(; c && (c->isfloating || c->isbanned); c = c->next);
1025	return c;
1026}
1027
1028void
1029propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1030	Client *c;
1031	Window trans;
1032	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1033
1034	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1035		return; /* ignore */
1036	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1037		switch (ev->atom) {
1038		default: break;
1039		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1040			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1041			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1042				arrange();
1043			break;
1044		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1045			updatesizehints(c);
1046			break;
1047		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1048			updatewmhints(c);
1049			drawbar();
1050			break;
1051		}
1052		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1053			updatetitle(c);
1054			if(c == sel)
1055				drawbar();
1056		}
1057	}
1058}
1059
1060void
1061quit(const Arg *arg) {
1062	readin = running = False;
1063}
1064
1065void
1066resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1067	XWindowChanges wc;
1068
1069	if(sizehints) {
1070		/* set minimum possible */
1071		w = MAX(1, w);
1072		h = MAX(1, h);
1073
1074		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1075		w -= c->basew;
1076		h -= c->baseh;
1077
1078		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1079		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1080			if(c->maxa < (float) w/h)
1081				w = h * c->maxa;
1082			else if(c->mina > (float) h/w)
1083				h = w * c->mina;
1084		}
1085
1086		/* adjust for increment value */
1087		if(c->incw)
1088			w -= w % c->incw;
1089		if(c->inch)
1090			h -= h % c->inch;
1091
1092		/* restore base dimensions */
1093		w += c->basew;
1094		h += c->baseh;
1095
1096		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1097		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1098		
1099		if (c->maxw)
1100			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1101
1102		if (c->maxh)
1103			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1104	}
1105	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1106		return;
1107	if(x > sx + sw)
1108		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1109	if(y > sy + sh)
1110		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1111	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1112		x = sx;
1113	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1114		y = sy;
1115	if(h < bh)
1116		h = bh;
1117	if(w < bh)
1118		w = bh;
1119	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h || c->ismoved) {
1120		c->ismoved = False;
1121		c->x = wc.x = x;
1122		c->y = wc.y = y;
1123		c->w = wc.width = w;
1124		c->h = wc.height = h;
1125		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1126		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1127				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1128		configure(c);
1129		XSync(dpy, False);
1130	}
1131}
1132
1133void
1134resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1135	int ocx, ocy;
1136	int nw, nh;
1137	Client *c;
1138	XEvent ev;
1139
1140	if(!(c = sel))
1141		return;
1142	restack();
1143	ocx = c->x;
1144	ocy = c->y;
1145	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1146	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1147		return;
1148	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1149	for(;;) {
1150		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1151		switch(ev.type) {
1152		case ButtonRelease:
1153			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1154					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1155			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1156			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1157			return;
1158		case ConfigureRequest:
1159		case Expose:
1160		case MapRequest:
1161			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1162			break;
1163		case MotionNotify:
1164			XSync(dpy, False);
1165			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1166			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1167
1168			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1169			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1170				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1171				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1172					togglefloating(NULL);
1173			}
1174			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1175				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1176			break;
1177		}
1178	}
1179}
1180
1181void
1182restack(void) {
1183	Client *c;
1184	XEvent ev;
1185	XWindowChanges wc;
1186
1187	drawbar();
1188	if(!sel)
1189		return;
1190	if(ismax || sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1191		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1192	if(!ismax && lt->arrange) {
1193		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1194		wc.sibling = barwin;
1195		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1196			if(!c->isfloating && !c->isbanned) {
1197				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1198				wc.sibling = c->win;
1199			}
1200	}
1201	XSync(dpy, False);
1202	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1203}
1204
1205void
1206run(void) {
1207	char *p;
1208	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1209	fd_set rd;
1210	int r, xfd;
1211	uint len, offset;
1212	XEvent ev;
1213
1214	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1215	XSync(dpy, False);
1216	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1217	readin = True;
1218	offset = 0;
1219	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1220	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1221	while(running) {
1222		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1223		if(readin)
1224			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1225		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1226		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1227			if(errno == EINTR)
1228				continue;
1229			eprint("select failed\n");
1230		}
1231		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1232			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1233			case -1:
1234				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1235				readin = False;
1236				break;
1237			case 0:
1238				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1239				readin = False;
1240				break;
1241			default:
1242				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1243					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1244						*p = '\0';
1245						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1246						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1247						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1248						offset = r;
1249						if(r)
1250							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1251						break;
1252					}
1253				break;
1254			}
1255			drawbar();
1256		}
1257		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1258			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1259			if(handler[ev.type])
1260				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1261		}
1262	}
1263}
1264
1265void
1266scan(void) {
1267	uint i, num;
1268	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1269	XWindowAttributes wa;
1270
1271	wins = NULL;
1272	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1273		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1274			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1275			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1276				continue;
1277			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1278				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1279		}
1280		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1281			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1282				continue;
1283			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1284			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1285				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1286		}
1287	}
1288	if(wins)
1289		XFree(wins);
1290}
1291
1292void
1293setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1294	long data[] = {state, None};
1295
1296	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1297			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1298}
1299
1300/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1301void
1302setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1303	float f;
1304
1305	if(!arg || !lt->arrange)
1306		return;
1307	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1308	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1309		return;
1310	mfact = f;
1311	arrange();
1312}
1313
1314void
1315setup(void) {
1316	uint i;
1317	int w;
1318	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1319
1320	/* init screen */
1321	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1322	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1323	initfont(FONT);
1324	sx = 0;
1325	sy = 0;
1326	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1327	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1328	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1329	lt = layouts;
1330	updategeom();
1331
1332	/* init atoms */
1333	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1334	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1335	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1336	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1337	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1338	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1339
1340	/* init cursors */
1341	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1342	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1343	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1344
1345	/* init appearance */
1346	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1347	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1348	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1349	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1350	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1351	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1352	initfont(FONT);
1353	dc.h = bh;
1354	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1355	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1356	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1357	if(!dc.font.set)
1358		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1359
1360	/* init bar */
1361	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1362		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1363		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1364	}
1365
1366	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1367	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1368	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1369
1370	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1371			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1372			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1373	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1374	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1375	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1376	drawbar();
1377
1378	/* EWMH support per view */
1379	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1380			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1381
1382	/* select for events */
1383	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1384			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1385	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1386	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1387
1388
1389	/* grab keys */
1390	grabkeys();
1391}
1392
1393void
1394spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1395	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1396	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1397	if(fork() == 0) {
1398		if(fork() == 0) {
1399			if(dpy)
1400				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1401			setsid();
1402			execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1403			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1404			perror(" failed");
1405		}
1406		exit(0);
1407	}
1408	wait(0);
1409}
1410
1411void
1412tag(const Arg *arg) {
1413	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1414		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1415		arrange();
1416	}
1417}
1418
1419int
1420textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1421	XRectangle r;
1422
1423	if(dc.font.set) {
1424		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1425		return r.width;
1426	}
1427	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1428}
1429
1430void
1431tile(void) {
1432	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1433	uint i, n;
1434	Client *c;
1435
1436	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1437	if(n == 0)
1438		return;
1439
1440	/* master */
1441	c = nexttiled(clients);
1442	mw = mfact * ww;
1443	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1444
1445	if(--n == 0)
1446		return;
1447
1448	/* tile stack */
1449	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1450	y = wy;
1451	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1452	h = wh / n;
1453	if(h < bh)
1454		h = wh;
1455
1456	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1457		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1458		       ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1459		if(h != wh)
1460			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1461	}
1462}
1463
1464void
1465togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1466	showbar = !showbar;
1467	updategeom();
1468	updatebar();
1469	arrange();
1470}
1471
1472void
1473togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1474	if(!sel)
1475		return;
1476	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1477	if(sel->isfloating)
1478		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1479	arrange();
1480}
1481
1482void
1483togglelayout(const Arg *arg) {
1484	if(arg && arg->v)
1485		lt = (Layout *)arg->v;
1486	else if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1487		lt = &layouts[0];
1488	if(sel)
1489		arrange();
1490	else
1491		drawbar();
1492}
1493
1494void
1495togglemax(const Arg *arg) {
1496	ismax = !ismax;
1497	arrange();
1498}
1499
1500void
1501toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1502	if(sel && (sel->tags ^= (arg->ui & TAGMASK)))
1503		arrange();
1504}
1505
1506void
1507toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1508	if((tagset[seltags] ^= (arg->ui & TAGMASK)))
1509		arrange();
1510}
1511
1512void
1513unmanage(Client *c) {
1514	XWindowChanges wc;
1515
1516	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1517	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1518	XGrabServer(dpy);
1519	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1520	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1521	detach(c);
1522	detachstack(c);
1523	if(sel == c)
1524		focus(NULL);
1525	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1526	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1527	free(c);
1528	XSync(dpy, False);
1529	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1530	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1531	arrange();
1532}
1533
1534void
1535unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1536	Client *c;
1537	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1538
1539	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1540		unmanage(c);
1541}
1542
1543void
1544updatebar(void) {
1545	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1546		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1547	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1548	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1549}
1550
1551void
1552updategeom(void) {
1553#ifdef XINERAMA
1554	int i;
1555	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1556
1557	/* window area geometry */
1558	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1559		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1560		wx = info[xidx].x_org;
1561		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[xidx].y_org + bh : info[xidx].y_org;
1562		ww = info[xidx].width;
1563		wh = showbar ? info[xidx].height - bh : info[xidx].height;
1564		XFree(info);
1565	}
1566	else
1567#endif
1568	{
1569		wx = sx;
1570		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1571		ww = sw;
1572		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1573	}
1574
1575	/* bar position */
1576	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1577}
1578
1579void
1580updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1581	long msize;
1582	XSizeHints size;
1583
1584	XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize);
1585	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1586		c->basew = size.base_width;
1587		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1588	}
1589	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1590		c->basew = size.min_width;
1591		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1592	}
1593	else
1594		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1595	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1596		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1597		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1598	}
1599	else
1600		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1601	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1602		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1603		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1604	}
1605	else
1606		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1607	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1608		c->minw = size.min_width;
1609		c->minh = size.min_height;
1610	}
1611	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1612		c->minw = size.base_width;
1613		c->minh = size.base_height;
1614	}
1615	else
1616		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1617	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1618		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1619		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1620	}
1621	else
1622		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1623	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1624			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1625}
1626
1627void
1628updatetitle(Client *c) {
1629	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1630		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1631}
1632
1633void
1634updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1635	XWMHints *wmh;
1636
1637	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1638		if(c == sel)
1639			sel->isurgent = False;
1640		else
1641			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1642		XFree(wmh);
1643	}
1644}
1645
1646void
1647view(const Arg *arg) {
1648	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1649	if(arg && (arg->ui & TAGMASK) && (arg->ui & TAGMASK) != tagset[seltags ^ 1])
1650		tagset[seltags] = arg->i & TAGMASK;
1651	arrange();
1652}
1653
1654/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1655 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1656 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1657int
1658xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1659	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1660	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1661	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1662	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1663	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1664	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1665	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1666	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1667	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1668		return 0;
1669	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1670			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1671	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1672}
1673
1674int
1675xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1676	return 0;
1677}
1678
1679/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1680 * is already running. */
1681int
1682xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1683	otherwm = True;
1684	return -1;
1685}
1686
1687void
1688zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1689	Client *c = sel;
1690
1691	if(ismax || !lt->arrange || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1692		return;
1693	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1694		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1695			return;
1696	detach(c);
1697	attach(c);
1698	focus(c);
1699	arrange();
1700}
1701
1702int
1703main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1704	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1705		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1706	else if(argc != 1)
1707		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1708
1709	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1710	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1711		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1712
1713	checkotherwm();
1714	setup();
1715	scan();
1716	run();
1717	cleanup();
1718
1719	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1720	return 0;
1721}