1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  48#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  50#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  51#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  52#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  54#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  55#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66typedef union {
  67	int i;
  68	unsigned int ui;
  69	float f;
  70	void *v;
  71} Arg;
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	unsigned int click;
  75	unsigned int mask;
  76	unsigned int button;
  77	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78	const Arg arg;
  79} Button;
  80
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Window win;
  93};
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	int x, y, w, h;
  97	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  98	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  99	Drawable drawable;
 100	GC gc;
 101	struct {
 102		int ascent;
 103		int descent;
 104		int height;
 105		XFontSet set;
 106		XFontStruct *xfont;
 107	} font;
 108} DC; /* draw context */
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	unsigned int mod;
 112	KeySym keysym;
 113	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 114	const Arg arg;
 115} Key;
 116
 117typedef struct {
 118	const char *symbol;
 119	void (*arrange)(void);
 120} Layout;
 121
 122typedef struct {
 123	const char *class;
 124	const char *instance;
 125	const char *title;
 126	unsigned int tags;
 127	Bool isfloating;
 128} Rule;
 129
 130/* function declarations */
 131static void applyrules(Client *c);
 132static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 133static void arrange(void);
 134static void attach(Client *c);
 135static void attachstack(Client *c);
 136static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 137static void checkotherwm(void);
 138static void cleanup(void);
 139static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 140static void configure(Client *c);
 141static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 142static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 143static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 144static void detach(Client *c);
 145static void detachstack(Client *c);
 146static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 147static void drawbar(void);
 148static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 149static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 150static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 151static void expose(XEvent *e);
 152static void focus(Client *c);
 153static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 154static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 155static Client *getclient(Window w);
 156static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 157static long getstate(Window w);
 158static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 159static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 160static void grabkeys(void);
 161static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 162static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 163static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 164static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 165static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 166static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 167static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 168static void monocle(void);
 169static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 170static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 171static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 173static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 174static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 175static void restack(void);
 176static void run(void);
 177static void scan(void);
 178static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 179static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 180static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 181static void setup(void);
 182static void showhide(Client *c, unsigned int ntiled);
 183static void sigchld(int signal);
 184static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 185static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 186static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 187static void tile(void);
 188static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 189static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 190static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 191static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 192static void unmanage(Client *c);
 193static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void updatebar(void);
 195static void updategeom(void);
 196static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 197static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 198static void updatestatus(void);
 199static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 200static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 201static void view(const Arg *arg);
 202static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 206
 207/* variables */
 208static char stext[256];
 209static int screen;
 210static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 211static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 212static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 213static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 214static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 215static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 216static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 217	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 218	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 219	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 220	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 221	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 222	[Expose] = expose,
 223	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 224	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 225	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 226	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 227	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 228	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 229};
 230static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 231static Bool otherwm;
 232static Bool running = True;
 233static Client *clients = NULL;
 234static Client *sel = NULL;
 235static Client *stack = NULL;
 236static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 237static Display *dpy;
 238static DC dc;
 239static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 240static Window root, barwin;
 241/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 242#include "config.h"
 243
 244/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 245struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 246
 247/* function implementations */
 248void
 249applyrules(Client *c) {
 250	unsigned int i;
 251	Rule *r;
 252	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 253
 254	/* rule matching */
 255	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 256	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 257		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 258			r = &rules[i];
 259			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 260			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 261			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 262				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 263				c->tags |= r->tags; 
 264			}
 265		}
 266		if(ch.res_class)
 267			XFree(ch.res_class);
 268		if(ch.res_name)
 269			XFree(ch.res_name);
 270	}
 271	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : tagset[seltags];
 272}
 273
 274Bool
 275applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 276	Bool baseismin;
 277
 278	/* set minimum possible */
 279	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 280	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 281
 282	if(*x > sx + sw)
 283		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 284	if(*y > sy + sh)
 285		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 286	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 287		*x = sx;
 288	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 289		*y = sy;
 290	if(*h < bh)
 291		*h = bh;
 292	if(*w < bh)
 293		*w = bh;
 294
 295	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 296		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 297		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 298
 299		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 300			*w -= c->basew;
 301			*h -= c->baseh;
 302		}
 303
 304		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 305		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 306			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 307				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 308			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 309				*h = *w * c->mina;
 310		}
 311
 312		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 313			*w -= c->basew;
 314			*h -= c->baseh;
 315		}
 316
 317		/* adjust for increment value */
 318		if(c->incw)
 319			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 320		if(c->inch)
 321			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 322
 323		/* restore base dimensions */
 324		*w += c->basew;
 325		*h += c->baseh;
 326
 327		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 328		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 329
 330		if(c->maxw)
 331			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 332
 333		if(c->maxh)
 334			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 335	}
 336	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 337}
 338
 339void
 340arrange(void) {
 341	unsigned int nt;
 342	Client *c;
 343
 344	for(nt = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), nt++);
 345	showhide(stack, nt);
 346	focus(NULL);
 347	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 348		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 349	restack();
 350}
 351
 352void
 353attach(Client *c) {
 354	c->next = clients;
 355	clients = c;
 356}
 357
 358void
 359attachstack(Client *c) {
 360	c->snext = stack;
 361	stack = c;
 362}
 363
 364void
 365buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 366	unsigned int i, x, click;
 367	Arg arg = {0};
 368	Client *c;
 369	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 370
 371	click = ClkRootWin;
 372	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 373		i = x = 0;
 374		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 375		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 376			click = ClkTagBar;
 377			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 378		}
 379		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 380			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 381		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 382			click = ClkStatusText;
 383		else
 384			click = ClkWinTitle;
 385	}
 386	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 387		focus(c);
 388		click = ClkClientWin;
 389	}
 390
 391	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 392		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 393		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 394			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 395}
 396
 397void
 398checkotherwm(void) {
 399	otherwm = False;
 400	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 401
 402	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 403	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 404	XSync(dpy, False);
 405	if(otherwm)
 406		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 407	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 408	XSync(dpy, False);
 409}
 410
 411void
 412cleanup(void) {
 413	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 414	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 415
 416	view(&a);
 417	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 418	while(stack)
 419		unmanage(stack);
 420	if(dc.font.set)
 421		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 422	else
 423		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 424	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 425	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 426	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 427	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 428	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 429	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 430	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 431	XSync(dpy, False);
 432	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 433}
 434
 435void
 436clearurgent(Client *c) {
 437	XWMHints *wmh;
 438
 439	c->isurgent = False;
 440	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 441		return;
 442	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 443	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 444	XFree(wmh);
 445}
 446
 447void
 448configure(Client *c) {
 449	XConfigureEvent ce;
 450
 451	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 452	ce.display = dpy;
 453	ce.event = c->win;
 454	ce.window = c->win;
 455	ce.x = c->x;
 456	ce.y = c->y;
 457	ce.width = c->w;
 458	ce.height = c->h;
 459	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 460	ce.above = None;
 461	ce.override_redirect = False;
 462	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 463}
 464
 465void
 466configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 467	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 468
 469	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 470		sw = ev->width;
 471		sh = ev->height;
 472		updategeom();
 473		updatebar();
 474		arrange();
 475	}
 476}
 477
 478void
 479configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 480	Client *c;
 481	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 482	XWindowChanges wc;
 483
 484	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 485		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 486			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 487		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 488			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 489				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 490			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 491				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 492			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 493				c->w = ev->width;
 494			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 495				c->h = ev->height;
 496			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 497				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 498			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 499				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 500			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 501				configure(c);
 502			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 503				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 504		}
 505		else
 506			configure(c);
 507	}
 508	else {
 509		wc.x = ev->x;
 510		wc.y = ev->y;
 511		wc.width = ev->width;
 512		wc.height = ev->height;
 513		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 514		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 515		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 516		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 517	}
 518	XSync(dpy, False);
 519}
 520
 521void
 522destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 523	Client *c;
 524	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 525
 526	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 527		unmanage(c);
 528}
 529
 530void
 531detach(Client *c) {
 532	Client **tc;
 533
 534	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 535	*tc = c->next;
 536}
 537
 538void
 539detachstack(Client *c) {
 540	Client **tc;
 541
 542	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 543	*tc = c->snext;
 544}
 545
 546void
 547die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 548	va_list ap;
 549
 550	va_start(ap, errstr);
 551	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 552	va_end(ap);
 553	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 554}
 555
 556void
 557drawbar(void) {
 558	int x;
 559	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 560	unsigned long *col;
 561	Client *c;
 562
 563	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 564		occ |= c->tags;
 565		if(c->isurgent)
 566			urg |= c->tags;
 567	}
 568
 569	dc.x = 0;
 570	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 571		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 572		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 573		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 574		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 575		dc.x += dc.w;
 576	}
 577	if(blw > 0) {
 578		dc.w = blw;
 579		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 580		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 581	}
 582	else
 583		x = dc.x;
 584	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 585	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 586	if(dc.x < x) {
 587		dc.x = x;
 588		dc.w = ww - x;
 589	}
 590	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 591	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 592		dc.x = x;
 593		if(sel) {
 594			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 595			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 596		}
 597		else
 598			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 599	}
 600	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 601	XSync(dpy, False);
 602}
 603
 604void
 605drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 606	int x;
 607	XGCValues gcv;
 608	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 609
 610	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 611	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 612	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 613	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 614	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 615	if(filled) {
 616		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 617		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 618	}
 619	else if(empty) {
 620		r.width = r.height = x;
 621		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 622	}
 623}
 624
 625void
 626drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 627	char buf[256];
 628	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 629	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 630
 631	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 632	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 633	if(!text)
 634		return;
 635	olen = strlen(text);
 636	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 637	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 638	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 639	/* shorten text if necessary */
 640	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 641	if(!len)
 642		return;
 643	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 644	if(len < olen)
 645		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 646	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 647	if(dc.font.set)
 648		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 649	else
 650		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 651}
 652
 653void
 654enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 655	Client *c;
 656	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 657
 658	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 659		return;
 660	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 661		focus(c);
 662	else
 663		focus(NULL);
 664}
 665
 666void
 667expose(XEvent *e) {
 668	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 669
 670	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 671		drawbar();
 672}
 673
 674void
 675focus(Client *c) {
 676	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 677		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 678	if(sel && sel != c) {
 679		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 680		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 681	}
 682	if(c) {
 683		if(c->isurgent)
 684			clearurgent(c);
 685		detachstack(c);
 686		attachstack(c);
 687		grabbuttons(c, True);
 688		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 689		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 690	}
 691	else
 692		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 693	sel = c;
 694	drawbar();
 695}
 696
 697void
 698focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 699	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 700
 701	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 702		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 703}
 704
 705void
 706focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 707	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 708
 709	if(!sel)
 710		return;
 711	if (arg->i > 0) {
 712		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 713		if(!c)
 714			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 715	}
 716	else {
 717		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 718			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 719				c = i;
 720		if(!c)
 721			for(; i; i = i->next)
 722				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 723					c = i;
 724	}
 725	if(c) {
 726		focus(c);
 727		restack();
 728	}
 729}
 730
 731Client *
 732getclient(Window w) {
 733	Client *c;
 734
 735	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 736	return c;
 737}
 738
 739unsigned long
 740getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 741	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 742	XColor color;
 743
 744	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 745		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 746	return color.pixel;
 747}
 748
 749long
 750getstate(Window w) {
 751	int format, status;
 752	long result = -1;
 753	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 754	unsigned long n, extra;
 755	Atom real;
 756
 757	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 758			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 759	if(status != Success)
 760		return -1;
 761	if(n != 0)
 762		result = *p;
 763	XFree(p);
 764	return result;
 765}
 766
 767Bool
 768gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 769	char **list = NULL;
 770	int n;
 771	XTextProperty name;
 772
 773	if(!text || size == 0)
 774		return False;
 775	text[0] = '\0';
 776	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 777	if(!name.nitems)
 778		return False;
 779	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 780		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 781	else {
 782		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 783		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 784			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 785			XFreeStringList(list);
 786		}
 787	}
 788	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 789	XFree(name.value);
 790	return True;
 791}
 792
 793void
 794grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 795	updatenumlockmask();
 796	{
 797		unsigned int i, j;
 798		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 799		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 800		if(focused) {
 801			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 802				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 803					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 804						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 805		} else
 806			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 807			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808	}
 809}
 810
 811void
 812grabkeys(void) {
 813	updatenumlockmask();
 814	{ /* grab keys */
 815		unsigned int i, j;
 816		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 817		KeyCode code;
 818
 819		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 820		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 821			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 822				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 823					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 824						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 825		}
 826	}
 827}
 828
 829void
 830initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 831	char *def, **missing;
 832	int i, n;
 833
 834	missing = NULL;
 835	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 836	if(missing) {
 837		while(n--)
 838			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 839		XFreeStringList(missing);
 840	}
 841	if(dc.font.set) {
 842		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 843		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 844		char **font_names;
 845		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 846		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 847		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 848		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 849			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 850			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 851			xfonts++;
 852		}
 853	}
 854	else {
 855		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 856		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 857			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 858		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 859		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 860	}
 861	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 862}
 863
 864Bool
 865isprotodel(Client *c) {
 866	int i, n;
 867	Atom *protocols;
 868	Bool ret = False;
 869
 870	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 871		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 872			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 873				ret = True;
 874		XFree(protocols);
 875	}
 876	return ret;
 877}
 878
 879void
 880keypress(XEvent *e) {
 881	unsigned int i;
 882	KeySym keysym;
 883	XKeyEvent *ev;
 884
 885	ev = &e->xkey;
 886	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 887	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 888		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 889		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 890		   && keys[i].func)
 891			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 892}
 893
 894void
 895killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 896	XEvent ev;
 897
 898	if(!sel)
 899		return;
 900	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 901		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 902		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 903		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 904		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 905		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 906		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 907		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 908	}
 909	else
 910		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 911}
 912
 913void
 914manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 915	static Client cz;
 916	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 917	Window trans = None;
 918	XWindowChanges wc;
 919
 920	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 921		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 922	*c = cz;
 923	c->win = w;
 924
 925	/* geometry */
 926	c->x = wa->x;
 927	c->y = wa->y;
 928	c->w = wa->width;
 929	c->h = wa->height;
 930	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 931	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 932		c->x = sx;
 933		c->y = sy;
 934		c->bw = 0;
 935	}
 936	else {
 937		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 938			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 939		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 940			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 941		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 942		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 943		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 944		c->bw = borderpx;
 945	}
 946
 947	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 948	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 949	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 950	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 951	updatesizehints(c);
 952	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 953	grabbuttons(c, False);
 954	updatetitle(c);
 955	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 956		t = getclient(trans);
 957	if(t)
 958		c->tags = t->tags;
 959	else
 960		applyrules(c);
 961	if(!c->isfloating)
 962		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 963	if(c->isfloating)
 964		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 965	attach(c);
 966	attachstack(c);
 967	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 968	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 969	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 970	arrange();
 971}
 972
 973void
 974mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 975	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 976
 977	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 978	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 979		grabkeys();
 980}
 981
 982void
 983maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 984	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 985	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 986
 987	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 988		return;
 989	if(wa.override_redirect)
 990		return;
 991	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 992		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 993}
 994
 995void
 996monocle(void) {
 997	Client *c;
 998
 999	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1000		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1001	}
1002}
1003
1004void
1005movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1006	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1007	unsigned int dui;
1008	Client *c;
1009	Window dummy;
1010	XEvent ev;
1011
1012	if(!(c = sel))
1013		return;
1014	restack();
1015	ocx = c->x;
1016	ocy = c->y;
1017	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1018	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1019		return;
1020	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1021	do {
1022		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1023		switch (ev.type) {
1024		case ConfigureRequest:
1025		case Expose:
1026		case MapRequest:
1027			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1028			break;
1029		case MotionNotify:
1030			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1031			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1032			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1033			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1034				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1035					nx = wx;
1036				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1037					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
1038				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1039					ny = wy;
1040				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1041					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
1042				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1043					togglefloating(NULL);
1044			}
1045			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1046				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1047			break;
1048		}
1049	}
1050	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1051	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1052}
1053
1054Client *
1055nexttiled(Client *c) {
1056	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1057	return c;
1058}
1059
1060void
1061propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1062	Client *c;
1063	Window trans;
1064	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1065
1066	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1067		updatestatus();
1068	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1069		return; /* ignore */
1070	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1071		switch (ev->atom) {
1072		default: break;
1073		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1074			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1075			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1076				arrange();
1077			break;
1078		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1079			updatesizehints(c);
1080			break;
1081		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1082			updatewmhints(c);
1083			drawbar();
1084			break;
1085		}
1086		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1087			updatetitle(c);
1088			if(c == sel)
1089				drawbar();
1090		}
1091	}
1092}
1093
1094void
1095quit(const Arg *arg) {
1096	running = False;
1097}
1098
1099void
1100resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1101	XWindowChanges wc;
1102
1103	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1104		c->x = wc.x = x;
1105		c->y = wc.y = y;
1106		c->w = wc.width = w;
1107		c->h = wc.height = h;
1108		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1109		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1110				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1111		configure(c);
1112		XSync(dpy, False);
1113	}
1114}
1115
1116void
1117resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1118	int ocx, ocy;
1119	int nw, nh;
1120	Client *c;
1121	XEvent ev;
1122
1123	if(!(c = sel))
1124		return;
1125	restack();
1126	ocx = c->x;
1127	ocy = c->y;
1128	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1129	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1130		return;
1131	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1132	do {
1133		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1134		switch(ev.type) {
1135		case ConfigureRequest:
1136		case Expose:
1137		case MapRequest:
1138			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1139			break;
1140		case MotionNotify:
1141			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1142			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1143
1144			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1145			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1146				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1147				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1148					togglefloating(NULL);
1149			}
1150			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1151				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1152			break;
1153		}
1154	}
1155	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1156	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1157	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1158	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1159}
1160
1161void
1162restack(void) {
1163	Client *c;
1164	XEvent ev;
1165	XWindowChanges wc;
1166
1167	drawbar();
1168	if(!sel)
1169		return;
1170	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1171		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1172	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1173		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1174		wc.sibling = barwin;
1175		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1176			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1177				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1178				wc.sibling = c->win;
1179			}
1180	}
1181	XSync(dpy, False);
1182	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1183}
1184
1185void
1186run(void) {
1187	XEvent ev;
1188
1189	/* main event loop */
1190	XSync(dpy, False);
1191	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1192		if(handler[ev.type])
1193			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1194	}
1195}
1196
1197void
1198scan(void) {
1199	unsigned int i, num;
1200	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1201	XWindowAttributes wa;
1202
1203	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1204		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1205			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1206			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1207				continue;
1208			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1209				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1210		}
1211		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1212			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1213				continue;
1214			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1215			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1216				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1217		}
1218		if(wins)
1219			XFree(wins);
1220	}
1221}
1222
1223void
1224setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1225	long data[] = {state, None};
1226
1227	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1228			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1229}
1230
1231void
1232setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1233	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1234		sellt ^= 1;
1235	if(arg && arg->v)
1236		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1237	if(sel)
1238		arrange();
1239	else
1240		drawbar();
1241}
1242
1243/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1244void
1245setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1246	float f;
1247
1248	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1249		return;
1250	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1251	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1252		return;
1253	mfact = f;
1254	arrange();
1255}
1256
1257void
1258setup(void) {
1259	unsigned int i;
1260	int w;
1261	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1262
1263	/* init screen */
1264	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1265	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1266	initfont(font);
1267	sx = 0;
1268	sy = 0;
1269	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1270	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1271	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1272	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1273	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1274	updategeom();
1275
1276	/* init atoms */
1277	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1278	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1279	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1280	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1281	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1282
1283	/* init cursors */
1284	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1285	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1286	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1287
1288	/* init appearance */
1289	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1290	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1291	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1292	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1293	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1294	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1295	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1296	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1297	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1298	if(!dc.font.set)
1299		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1300
1301	/* init bar */
1302	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1303		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1304		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1305	}
1306
1307	wa.override_redirect = True;
1308	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1309	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1310
1311	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1312			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1313			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1314	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1315	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1316	updatestatus();
1317
1318	/* EWMH support per view */
1319	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1320			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1321
1322	/* select for events */
1323	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1324			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1325			|PropertyChangeMask;
1326	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1327	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1328
1329	grabkeys();
1330}
1331
1332void
1333showhide(Client *c, unsigned int ntiled) {
1334	if(!c)
1335		return;
1336	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1337		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1338		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1339			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1340		showhide(c->snext, ntiled);
1341	}
1342	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1343		showhide(c->snext, ntiled);
1344		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1345	}
1346}
1347
1348
1349void
1350sigchld(int signal) {
1351	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1352}
1353
1354void
1355spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1356	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1357	if(fork() == 0) {
1358		if(dpy)
1359			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1360		setsid();
1361		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1362		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1363		perror(" failed");
1364		exit(0);
1365	}
1366}
1367
1368void
1369tag(const Arg *arg) {
1370	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1371		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1372		arrange();
1373	}
1374}
1375
1376int
1377textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1378	XRectangle r;
1379
1380	if(dc.font.set) {
1381		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1382		return r.width;
1383	}
1384	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1385}
1386
1387void
1388tile(void) {
1389	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1390	unsigned int i, n;
1391	Client *c;
1392
1393	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1394	if(n == 0)
1395		return;
1396
1397	/* master */
1398	c = nexttiled(clients);
1399	mw = mfact * ww;
1400	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1401
1402	if(--n == 0)
1403		return;
1404
1405	/* tile stack */
1406	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1407	y = wy;
1408	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1409	h = wh / n;
1410	if(h < bh)
1411		h = wh;
1412
1413	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1414		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1415		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1416		if(h != wh)
1417			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1418	}
1419}
1420
1421void
1422togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1423	showbar = !showbar;
1424	updategeom();
1425	updatebar();
1426	arrange();
1427}
1428
1429void
1430togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1431	if(!sel)
1432		return;
1433	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1434	if(sel->isfloating)
1435		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h);
1436	arrange();
1437}
1438
1439void
1440toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1441	unsigned int mask;
1442
1443	if (!sel)
1444		return;
1445	
1446	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1447	if(mask) {
1448		sel->tags = mask;
1449		arrange();
1450	}
1451}
1452
1453void
1454toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1455	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1456
1457	if(mask) {
1458		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1459		arrange();
1460	}
1461}
1462
1463void
1464unmanage(Client *c) {
1465	XWindowChanges wc;
1466
1467	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1468	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1469	XGrabServer(dpy);
1470	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1471	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1472	detach(c);
1473	detachstack(c);
1474	if(sel == c)
1475		focus(NULL);
1476	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1477	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1478	free(c);
1479	XSync(dpy, False);
1480	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1481	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1482	arrange();
1483}
1484
1485void
1486unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1487	Client *c;
1488	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1489
1490	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1491		unmanage(c);
1492}
1493
1494void
1495updatebar(void) {
1496	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1497		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1498	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1499	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1500}
1501
1502void
1503updategeom(void) {
1504#ifdef XINERAMA
1505	int n, i = 0;
1506	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1507
1508	/* window area geometry */
1509	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1510		if(n > 1) {
1511			int di, x, y;
1512			unsigned int dui;
1513			Window dummy;
1514			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1515				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1516					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1517						break;
1518		}
1519		wx = info[i].x_org;
1520		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1521		ww = info[i].width;
1522		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1523		XFree(info);
1524	}
1525	else
1526#endif
1527	{
1528		wx = sx;
1529		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1530		ww = sw;
1531		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1532	}
1533
1534	/* bar position */
1535	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1536}
1537
1538void
1539updatenumlockmask(void) {
1540	unsigned int i, j;
1541	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1542
1543	numlockmask = 0;
1544	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1545	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1546		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1547			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1548				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1549	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1550}
1551
1552void
1553updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1554	long msize;
1555	XSizeHints size;
1556
1557	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1558		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1559		size.flags = PSize; 
1560	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1561		c->basew = size.base_width;
1562		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1563	}
1564	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1565		c->basew = size.min_width;
1566		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1567	}
1568	else
1569		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1570	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1571		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1572		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1573	}
1574	else
1575		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1576	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1577		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1578		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1579	}
1580	else
1581		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1582	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1583		c->minw = size.min_width;
1584		c->minh = size.min_height;
1585	}
1586	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1587		c->minw = size.base_width;
1588		c->minh = size.base_height;
1589	}
1590	else
1591		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1592	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1593		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1594		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1595	}
1596	else
1597		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1598	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1599	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1600}
1601
1602void
1603updatetitle(Client *c) {
1604	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1605		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1606}
1607
1608void
1609updatestatus() {
1610	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1611		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1612	drawbar();
1613}
1614
1615void
1616updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1617	XWMHints *wmh;
1618
1619	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1620		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1621			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1622			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1623		}
1624		else
1625			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1626
1627		XFree(wmh);
1628	}
1629}
1630
1631void
1632view(const Arg *arg) {
1633	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1634		return;
1635	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1636	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1637		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1638	arrange();
1639}
1640
1641/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1642 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1643 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1644int
1645xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1646	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1647	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1648	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1649	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1650	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1651	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1652	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1653	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1654	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1655		return 0;
1656	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1657			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1658	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1659}
1660
1661int
1662xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1663	return 0;
1664}
1665
1666/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1667 * is already running. */
1668int
1669xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1670	otherwm = True;
1671	return -1;
1672}
1673
1674void
1675zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1676	Client *c = sel;
1677
1678	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1679		return;
1680	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1681		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1682			return;
1683	detach(c);
1684	attach(c);
1685	focus(c);
1686	arrange();
1687}
1688
1689int
1690main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1691	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1692		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1693	else if(argc != 1)
1694		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1695
1696	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1697		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1698
1699	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1700		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1701
1702	checkotherwm();
1703	setup();
1704	scan();
1705	run();
1706	cleanup();
1707
1708	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1709	return 0;
1710}