1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20 * client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  48#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  49#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  50#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  51#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  53#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  54#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  55#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  56#define NOBORDER(x)             ((x) - 2 * c->bw)
  57#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  58#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  59
  60/* enums */
  61enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  62enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  63enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  64enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  65enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  66       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  67
  68typedef union {
  69	int i;
  70	unsigned int ui;
  71	float f;
  72	void *v;
  73} Arg;
  74
  75typedef struct {
  76	unsigned int click;
  77	unsigned int mask;
  78	unsigned int button;
  79	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  80	const Arg arg;
  81} Button;
  82
  83typedef struct Client Client;
  84struct Client {
  85	char name[256];
  86	float mina, maxa;
  87	int x, y, w, h;
  88	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  89	int bw, oldbw;
  90	unsigned int tags;
  91	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  92	Client *next;
  93	Client *snext;
  94	Window win;
  95};
  96
  97typedef struct {
  98	int x, y, w, h;
  99	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 100	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 101	Drawable drawable;
 102	GC gc;
 103	struct {
 104		int ascent;
 105		int descent;
 106		int height;
 107		XFontSet set;
 108		XFontStruct *xfont;
 109	} font;
 110} DC; /* draw context */
 111
 112typedef struct {
 113	unsigned int mod;
 114	KeySym keysym;
 115	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 116	const Arg arg;
 117} Key;
 118
 119typedef struct {
 120	const char *symbol;
 121	void (*arrange)(void);
 122} Layout;
 123
 124typedef struct {
 125	const char *class;
 126	const char *instance;
 127	const char *title;
 128	unsigned int tags;
 129	Bool isfloating;
 130} Rule;
 131
 132/* function declarations */
 133static void applyrules(Client *c);
 134static void arrange(void);
 135static void attach(Client *c);
 136static void attachstack(Client *c);
 137static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 138static void checkotherwm(void);
 139static void cleanup(void);
 140static void clearurgent(void);
 141static void configure(Client *c);
 142static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 143static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 144static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 145static void detach(Client *c);
 146static void detachstack(Client *c);
 147static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 148static void drawbar(void);
 149static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 150static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 151static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 152static void expose(XEvent *e);
 153static void focus(Client *c);
 154static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 155static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 156static Client *getclient(Window w);
 157static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 158static long getstate(Window w);
 159static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 160static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 161static void grabkeys(void);
 162static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 163static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 164static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 165static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 166static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 167static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 168static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 169static void monocle(void);
 170static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 171static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 172static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 173static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 174static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 175static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 176static void restack(void);
 177static void run(void);
 178static void scan(void);
 179static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 180static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 181static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 182static void setup(void);
 183static void showhide(Client *c);
 184static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 185static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 186static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 187static void tile(void);
 188static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 189static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 190static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 191static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 192static void unmanage(Client *c);
 193static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void updatebar(void);
 195static void updategeom(void);
 196static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 197static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 198static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 199static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 200static void view(const Arg *arg);
 201static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 202static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 205
 206/* variables */
 207static char stext[256];
 208static int screen;
 209static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 210static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 211static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 212static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 213static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 214static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 215static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 216	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 217	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 218	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 219	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 220	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 221	[Expose] = expose,
 222	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 223	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 224	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 225	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 226	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 227	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 228};
 229static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 230static Bool otherwm;
 231static Bool running = True;
 232static Client *clients = NULL;
 233static Client *sel = NULL;
 234static Client *stack = NULL;
 235static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 236static Display *dpy;
 237static DC dc;
 238static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 239static Window root, barwin;
 240/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 241#include "config.h"
 242
 243/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 244struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 245
 246/* function implementations */
 247void
 248applyrules(Client *c) {
 249	unsigned int i;
 250	Rule *r;
 251	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 252
 253	/* rule matching */
 254	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 255		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 256			r = &rules[i];
 257			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 258			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 259			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 260				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 261				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 262			}
 263		}
 264		if(ch.res_class)
 265			XFree(ch.res_class);
 266		if(ch.res_name)
 267			XFree(ch.res_name);
 268	}
 269	if(!c->tags)
 270		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 271}
 272
 273void
 274arrange(void) {
 275	showhide(stack);
 276	focus(NULL);
 277	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 278		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 279	restack();
 280}
 281
 282void
 283attach(Client *c) {
 284	c->next = clients;
 285	clients = c;
 286}
 287
 288void
 289attachstack(Client *c) {
 290	c->snext = stack;
 291	stack = c;
 292}
 293
 294void
 295buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 296	unsigned int i, x, click;
 297	Arg arg = {0};
 298	Client *c;
 299	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 300
 301	click = ClkRootWin;
 302	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 303		i = x = 0;
 304		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 305		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 306			click = ClkTagBar;
 307			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 308		}
 309		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 310			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 311		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 312			click = ClkStatusText;
 313		else
 314			click = ClkWinTitle;
 315	}
 316	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 317		focus(c);
 318		click = ClkClientWin;
 319	}
 320
 321	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 322		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 323		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 324			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 325}
 326
 327void
 328checkotherwm(void) {
 329	otherwm = False;
 330	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 331
 332	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 333	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 334	XSync(dpy, False);
 335	if(otherwm)
 336		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 337	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 338	XSync(dpy, False);
 339}
 340
 341void
 342cleanup(void) {
 343	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 344	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 345
 346	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 347	view(&a);
 348	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 349	while(stack)
 350		unmanage(stack);
 351	if(dc.font.set)
 352		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 353	else
 354		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 355	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 356	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 357	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 358	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 359	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 360	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 361	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 362	XSync(dpy, False);
 363	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 364}
 365
 366void
 367clearurgent(void) {
 368	XWMHints *wmh;
 369	Client *c;
 370
 371	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 372		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && c->isurgent) {
 373			c->isurgent = False;
 374			if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 375				continue;
 376
 377			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 378			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 379			XFree(wmh);
 380		}
 381}
 382
 383void
 384configure(Client *c) {
 385	XConfigureEvent ce;
 386
 387	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 388	ce.display = dpy;
 389	ce.event = c->win;
 390	ce.window = c->win;
 391	ce.x = c->x;
 392	ce.y = c->y;
 393	ce.width = c->w;
 394	ce.height = c->h;
 395	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 396	ce.above = None;
 397	ce.override_redirect = False;
 398	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 399}
 400
 401void
 402configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 403	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 404
 405	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 406		sw = ev->width;
 407		sh = ev->height;
 408		updategeom();
 409		updatebar();
 410		arrange();
 411	}
 412}
 413
 414void
 415configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 416	Client *c;
 417	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 418	XWindowChanges wc;
 419
 420	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 421		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 422			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 423		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 424			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 425				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 426			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 427				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 428			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 429				c->w = ev->width;
 430			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 431				c->h = ev->height;
 432			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 433				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 434			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 435				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 436			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 437				configure(c);
 438			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 439				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 440		}
 441		else
 442			configure(c);
 443	}
 444	else {
 445		wc.x = ev->x;
 446		wc.y = ev->y;
 447		wc.width = ev->width;
 448		wc.height = ev->height;
 449		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 450		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 451		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 452		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 453	}
 454	XSync(dpy, False);
 455}
 456
 457void
 458destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 459	Client *c;
 460	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 461
 462	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 463		unmanage(c);
 464}
 465
 466void
 467detach(Client *c) {
 468	Client **tc;
 469
 470	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 471	*tc = c->next;
 472}
 473
 474void
 475detachstack(Client *c) {
 476	Client **tc;
 477
 478	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 479	*tc = c->snext;
 480}
 481
 482void
 483die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 484	va_list ap;
 485
 486	va_start(ap, errstr);
 487	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 488	va_end(ap);
 489	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 490}
 491
 492void
 493drawbar(void) {
 494	int x;
 495	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 496	unsigned long *col;
 497	Client *c;
 498
 499	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 500		occ |= c->tags;
 501		if(c->isurgent)
 502			urg |= c->tags;
 503	}
 504
 505	dc.x = 0;
 506	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 507		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 508		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 509		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 510		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 511		dc.x += dc.w;
 512	}
 513	if(blw > 0) {
 514		dc.w = blw;
 515		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 516		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 517	}
 518	else
 519		x = dc.x;
 520	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 521	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 522	if(dc.x < x) {
 523		dc.x = x;
 524		dc.w = ww - x;
 525	}
 526	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 527	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 528		dc.x = x;
 529		if(sel) {
 530			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 531			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 532		}
 533		else
 534			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 535	}
 536	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 537	XSync(dpy, False);
 538}
 539
 540void
 541drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 542	int x;
 543	XGCValues gcv;
 544	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 545
 546	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 547	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 548	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 549	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 550	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 551	if(filled) {
 552		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 553		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 554	}
 555	else if(empty) {
 556		r.width = r.height = x;
 557		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 558	}
 559}
 560
 561void
 562drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 563	char buf[256];
 564	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 565	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 566
 567	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 568	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 569	if(!text)
 570		return;
 571	olen = strlen(text);
 572	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 573	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 574	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 575	/* shorten text if necessary */
 576	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 577	if(!len)
 578		return;
 579	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 580	if(len < olen)
 581		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 582	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 583	if(dc.font.set)
 584		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 585	else
 586		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 587}
 588
 589void
 590enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 591	Client *c;
 592	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 593
 594	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 595		return;
 596	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 597		focus(c);
 598	else
 599		focus(NULL);
 600}
 601
 602void
 603expose(XEvent *e) {
 604	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 605
 606	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 607		drawbar();
 608}
 609
 610void
 611focus(Client *c) {
 612	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 613		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 614	if(sel && sel != c) {
 615		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 616		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 617	}
 618	if(c) {
 619		detachstack(c);
 620		attachstack(c);
 621		grabbuttons(c, True);
 622		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 623		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 624	}
 625	else
 626		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 627	sel = c;
 628	drawbar();
 629}
 630
 631void
 632focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 633	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 634
 635	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 636		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 637}
 638
 639void
 640focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 641	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 642
 643	if(!sel)
 644		return;
 645	if (arg->i > 0) {
 646		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 647		if(!c)
 648			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 649	}
 650	else {
 651		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 652			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 653				c = i;
 654		if(!c)
 655			for(; i; i = i->next)
 656				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 657					c = i;
 658	}
 659	if(c) {
 660		focus(c);
 661		restack();
 662	}
 663}
 664
 665Client *
 666getclient(Window w) {
 667	Client *c;
 668
 669	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 670	return c;
 671}
 672
 673unsigned long
 674getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 675	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 676	XColor color;
 677
 678	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 679		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 680	return color.pixel;
 681}
 682
 683long
 684getstate(Window w) {
 685	int format, status;
 686	long result = -1;
 687	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 688	unsigned long n, extra;
 689	Atom real;
 690
 691	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 692			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 693	if(status != Success)
 694		return -1;
 695	if(n != 0)
 696		result = *p;
 697	XFree(p);
 698	return result;
 699}
 700
 701Bool
 702gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 703	char **list = NULL;
 704	int n;
 705	XTextProperty name;
 706
 707	if(!text || size == 0)
 708		return False;
 709	text[0] = '\0';
 710	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 711	if(!name.nitems)
 712		return False;
 713	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 714		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 715	else {
 716		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 717		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 718			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 719			XFreeStringList(list);
 720		}
 721	}
 722	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 723	XFree(name.value);
 724	return True;
 725}
 726
 727void
 728grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 729	updatenumlockmask();
 730	{
 731		unsigned int i, j;
 732		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 733		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 734		if(focused) {
 735			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 736				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 737					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 738						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 739		} else
 740			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 741			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 742	}
 743}
 744
 745void
 746grabkeys(void) {
 747	updatenumlockmask();
 748	{ /* grab keys */
 749		unsigned int i, j;
 750		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 751		KeyCode code;
 752
 753		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 754		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 755			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 756				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 757					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 758						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 759		}
 760	}
 761}
 762
 763void
 764initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 765	char *def, **missing;
 766	int i, n;
 767
 768	missing = NULL;
 769	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 770	if(missing) {
 771		while(n--)
 772			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 773		XFreeStringList(missing);
 774	}
 775	if(dc.font.set) {
 776		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 777		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 778		char **font_names;
 779		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 780		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 781		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 782		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 783			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 784			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 785			xfonts++;
 786		}
 787	}
 788	else {
 789		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 790		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 791			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 792		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 793		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 794	}
 795	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 796}
 797
 798Bool
 799isprotodel(Client *c) {
 800	int i, n;
 801	Atom *protocols;
 802	Bool ret = False;
 803
 804	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 805		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 806			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 807				ret = True;
 808		XFree(protocols);
 809	}
 810	return ret;
 811}
 812
 813void
 814keypress(XEvent *e) {
 815	unsigned int i;
 816	KeySym keysym;
 817	XKeyEvent *ev;
 818
 819	ev = &e->xkey;
 820	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 821	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 822		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 823		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 824		   && keys[i].func)
 825			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 826}
 827
 828void
 829killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 830	XEvent ev;
 831
 832	if(!sel)
 833		return;
 834	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 835		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 836		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 837		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 838		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 839		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 840		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 841		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 842	}
 843	else
 844		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 845}
 846
 847void
 848manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 849	static Client cz;
 850	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 851	Window trans = None;
 852	XWindowChanges wc;
 853
 854	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 855		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 856	*c = cz;
 857	c->win = w;
 858
 859	/* geometry */
 860	c->x = wa->x;
 861	c->y = wa->y;
 862	c->w = wa->width;
 863	c->h = wa->height;
 864	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 865	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 866		c->x = sx;
 867		c->y = sy;
 868		c->bw = 0;
 869	}
 870	else {
 871		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 872			c->x = sx + sw - NOBORDER(c->w);
 873		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 874			c->y = sy + sh - NOBORDER(c->h);
 875		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 876		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 877		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 878		c->bw = borderpx;
 879	}
 880
 881	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 882	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 883	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 884	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 885	updatesizehints(c);
 886	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 887	grabbuttons(c, False);
 888	updatetitle(c);
 889	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 890		t = getclient(trans);
 891	if(t)
 892		c->tags = t->tags;
 893	else
 894		applyrules(c);
 895	if(!c->isfloating)
 896		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 897	if(c->isfloating)
 898		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 899	attach(c);
 900	attachstack(c);
 901	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 902	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 903	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 904	arrange();
 905}
 906
 907void
 908mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 909	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 910
 911	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 912	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 913		grabkeys();
 914}
 915
 916void
 917maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 918	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 919	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 920
 921	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 922		return;
 923	if(wa.override_redirect)
 924		return;
 925	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 926		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 927}
 928
 929void
 930monocle(void) {
 931	Client *c;
 932
 933	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 934		resize(c, wx, wy, NOBORDER(ww), NOBORDER(wh), resizehints);
 935}
 936
 937void
 938movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 939	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 940	unsigned int dui;
 941	Client *c;
 942	Window dummy;
 943	XEvent ev;
 944
 945	if(!(c = sel))
 946		return;
 947	restack();
 948	ocx = c->x;
 949	ocy = c->y;
 950	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 951	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 952		return;
 953	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
 954	do {
 955		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 956		switch (ev.type) {
 957		case ConfigureRequest:
 958		case Expose:
 959		case MapRequest:
 960			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 961			break;
 962		case MotionNotify:
 963			XSync(dpy, False);
 964			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
 965			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
 966			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
 967			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
 968				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
 969					nx = wx;
 970				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
 971					nx = wx + ww - NOBORDER(c->w);
 972				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
 973					ny = wy;
 974				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
 975					ny = wy + wh - NOBORDER(c->h);
 976				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
 977					togglefloating(NULL);
 978			}
 979			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 980				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
 981			break;
 982		}
 983	}
 984	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
 985	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 986}
 987
 988Client *
 989nexttiled(Client *c) {
 990	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
 991	return c;
 992}
 993
 994void
 995propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
 996	Client *c;
 997	Window trans;
 998	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
 999
1000	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1001		return; /* ignore */
1002	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1003		switch (ev->atom) {
1004		default: break;
1005		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1006			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1007			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1008				arrange();
1009			break;
1010		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1011			updatesizehints(c);
1012			break;
1013		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1014			updatewmhints(c);
1015			drawbar();
1016			break;
1017		}
1018		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1019			updatetitle(c);
1020			if(c == sel)
1021				drawbar();
1022		}
1023	}
1024}
1025
1026void
1027quit(const Arg *arg) {
1028	readin = running = False;
1029}
1030
1031void
1032resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1033	XWindowChanges wc;
1034
1035	if(sizehints) {
1036		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
1037		Bool baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
1038
1039		/* set minimum possible */
1040		w = MAX(1, w);
1041		h = MAX(1, h);
1042
1043		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1044			w -= c->basew;
1045			h -= c->baseh;
1046		}
1047
1048		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1049		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1050			if(c->maxa < (float)w / h)
1051				w = h * c->maxa;
1052			else if(c->mina < (float)h / w)
1053				h = w * c->mina;
1054		}
1055
1056		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
1057			w -= c->basew;
1058			h -= c->baseh;
1059		}
1060
1061		/* adjust for increment value */
1062		if(c->incw)
1063			w -= w % c->incw;
1064		if(c->inch)
1065			h -= h % c->inch;
1066
1067		/* restore base dimensions */
1068		w += c->basew;
1069		h += c->baseh;
1070
1071		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1072		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1073
1074		if(c->maxw)
1075			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1076
1077		if(c->maxh)
1078			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1079	}
1080	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1081		return;
1082	if(x > sx + sw)
1083		x = sw - NOBORDER(w);
1084	if(y > sy + sh)
1085		y = sh - NOBORDER(h);
1086	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1087		x = sx;
1088	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1089		y = sy;
1090	if(h < bh)
1091		h = bh;
1092	if(w < bh)
1093		w = bh;
1094	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1095		c->x = wc.x = x;
1096		c->y = wc.y = y;
1097		c->w = wc.width = w;
1098		c->h = wc.height = h;
1099		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1100		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1101				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1102		configure(c);
1103		XSync(dpy, False);
1104	}
1105}
1106
1107void
1108resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1109	int ocx, ocy;
1110	int nw, nh;
1111	Client *c;
1112	XEvent ev;
1113
1114	if(!(c = sel))
1115		return;
1116	restack();
1117	ocx = c->x;
1118	ocy = c->y;
1119	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1120	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1121		return;
1122	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1123	do {
1124		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1125		switch(ev.type) {
1126		case ConfigureRequest:
1127		case Expose:
1128		case MapRequest:
1129			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1130			break;
1131		case MotionNotify:
1132			XSync(dpy, False);
1133			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - NOBORDER(ocx) + 1, 1);
1134			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - NOBORDER(ocy) + 1, 1);
1135
1136			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1137			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1138				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1139				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1140					togglefloating(NULL);
1141			}
1142			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1143				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1144			break;
1145		}
1146	}
1147	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1148	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1149	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1150	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1151}
1152
1153void
1154restack(void) {
1155	Client *c;
1156	XEvent ev;
1157	XWindowChanges wc;
1158
1159	drawbar();
1160	if(!sel)
1161		return;
1162	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1163		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1164	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1165		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1166		wc.sibling = barwin;
1167		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1168			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1169				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1170				wc.sibling = c->win;
1171			}
1172	}
1173	XSync(dpy, False);
1174	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1175}
1176
1177void
1178run(void) {
1179	char *p;
1180	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1181	fd_set rd;
1182	int r, xfd;
1183	unsigned int len, offset;
1184	XEvent ev;
1185
1186	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1187	XSync(dpy, False);
1188	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1189	offset = 0;
1190	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1191	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1192	while(running) {
1193		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1194		if(readin)
1195			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1196		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1197		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1198			if(errno == EINTR)
1199				continue;
1200			die("select failed\n");
1201		}
1202		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1203			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1204			case -1:
1205				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1206				readin = False;
1207				break;
1208			case 0:
1209				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1210				readin = False;
1211				break;
1212			default:
1213				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1214					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1215						*p = '\0';
1216						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1217						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1218						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1219						offset = r;
1220						if(r)
1221							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1222						break;
1223					}
1224				break;
1225			}
1226			drawbar();
1227		}
1228		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1229			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1230			if(handler[ev.type])
1231				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1232		}
1233	}
1234}
1235
1236void
1237scan(void) {
1238	unsigned int i, num;
1239	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1240	XWindowAttributes wa;
1241
1242	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1243		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1244			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1245			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1246				continue;
1247			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1248				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1249		}
1250		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1251			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1252				continue;
1253			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1254			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1255				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1256		}
1257		if(wins)
1258			XFree(wins);
1259	}
1260}
1261
1262void
1263setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1264	long data[] = {state, None};
1265
1266	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1267			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1268}
1269
1270void
1271setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1272	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1273		sellt ^= 1;
1274	if(arg && arg->v)
1275		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1276	if(sel)
1277		arrange();
1278	else
1279		drawbar();
1280}
1281
1282/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1283void
1284setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1285	float f;
1286
1287	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1288		return;
1289	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1290	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1291		return;
1292	mfact = f;
1293	arrange();
1294}
1295
1296void
1297setup(void) {
1298	unsigned int i;
1299	int w;
1300	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1301
1302	/* init screen */
1303	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1304	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1305	initfont(font);
1306	sx = 0;
1307	sy = 0;
1308	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1309	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1310	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1311	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1312	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1313	updategeom();
1314
1315	/* init atoms */
1316	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1317	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1318	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1319	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1320	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1321
1322	/* init cursors */
1323	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1324	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1325	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1326
1327	/* init appearance */
1328	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1329	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1330	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1331	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1332	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1333	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1334	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1335	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1336	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1337	if(!dc.font.set)
1338		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1339
1340	/* init bar */
1341	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1342		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1343		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1344	}
1345
1346	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1347	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1348	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1349
1350	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1351			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1352			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1353	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1354	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1355	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1356	drawbar();
1357
1358	/* EWMH support per view */
1359	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1360			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1361
1362	/* select for events */
1363	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1364			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1365	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1366	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1367
1368	grabkeys();
1369}
1370
1371void
1372showhide(Client *c) {
1373	if(!c)
1374		return;
1375	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1376		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1377		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1378			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1379		showhide(c->snext);
1380	}
1381	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1382		showhide(c->snext);
1383		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1384	}
1385}
1386
1387void
1388spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1389	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1390	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1391	if(fork() == 0) {
1392		if(fork() == 0) {
1393			if(dpy)
1394				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1395			setsid();
1396			execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1397			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1398			perror(" failed");
1399		}
1400		exit(0);
1401	}
1402	wait(0);
1403}
1404
1405void
1406tag(const Arg *arg) {
1407	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1408		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1409		arrange();
1410	}
1411}
1412
1413int
1414textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1415	XRectangle r;
1416
1417	if(dc.font.set) {
1418		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1419		return r.width;
1420	}
1421	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1422}
1423
1424void
1425tile(void) {
1426	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1427	unsigned int i, n;
1428	Client *c;
1429
1430	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1431	if(n == 0)
1432		return;
1433
1434	/* master */
1435	c = nexttiled(clients);
1436	mw = mfact * ww;
1437	resize(c, wx, wy, NOBORDER(n == 1 ? ww : mw), NOBORDER(wh), resizehints);
1438
1439	if(--n == 0)
1440		return;
1441
1442	/* tile stack */
1443	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1444	y = wy;
1445	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1446	h = wh / n;
1447	if(h < bh)
1448		h = wh;
1449
1450	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1451		resize(c, x, y, NOBORDER(w), /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1452		       ? NOBORDER(wy + wh) - y : h), resizehints);
1453		if(h != wh)
1454			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1455	}
1456}
1457
1458void
1459togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1460	showbar = !showbar;
1461	updategeom();
1462	updatebar();
1463	arrange();
1464}
1465
1466void
1467togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1468	if(!sel)
1469		return;
1470	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1471	if(sel->isfloating)
1472		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1473	arrange();
1474}
1475
1476void
1477toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1478	unsigned int mask;
1479
1480	if (!sel)
1481		return;
1482	
1483	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1484	if(sel && mask) {
1485		sel->tags = mask;
1486		arrange();
1487	}
1488}
1489
1490void
1491toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1492	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1493
1494	if(mask) {
1495		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1496		clearurgent();
1497		arrange();
1498	}
1499}
1500
1501void
1502unmanage(Client *c) {
1503	XWindowChanges wc;
1504
1505	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1506	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1507	XGrabServer(dpy);
1508	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1509	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1510	detach(c);
1511	detachstack(c);
1512	if(sel == c)
1513		focus(NULL);
1514	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1515	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1516	free(c);
1517	XSync(dpy, False);
1518	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1519	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1520	arrange();
1521}
1522
1523void
1524unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1525	Client *c;
1526	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1527
1528	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1529		unmanage(c);
1530}
1531
1532void
1533updatebar(void) {
1534	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1535		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1536	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1537	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1538}
1539
1540void
1541updategeom(void) {
1542#ifdef XINERAMA
1543	int n, i = 0;
1544	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1545
1546	/* window area geometry */
1547	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1548		if(n > 1) {
1549			int di, x, y;
1550			unsigned int dui;
1551			Window dummy;
1552			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1553				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1554					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1555						break;
1556		}
1557		wx = info[i].x_org;
1558		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1559		ww = info[i].width;
1560		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1561		XFree(info);
1562	}
1563	else
1564#endif
1565	{
1566		wx = sx;
1567		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1568		ww = sw;
1569		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1570	}
1571
1572	/* bar position */
1573	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1574}
1575
1576void
1577updatenumlockmask(void) {
1578	unsigned int i, j;
1579	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1580
1581	numlockmask = 0;
1582	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1583	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1584		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1585			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1586				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1587	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1588}
1589
1590void
1591updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1592	long msize;
1593	XSizeHints size;
1594
1595	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1596		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1597		size.flags = PSize; 
1598	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1599		c->basew = size.base_width;
1600		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1601	}
1602	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1603		c->basew = size.min_width;
1604		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1605	}
1606	else
1607		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1608	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1609		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1610		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1611	}
1612	else
1613		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1614	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1615		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1616		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1617	}
1618	else
1619		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1620	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1621		c->minw = size.min_width;
1622		c->minh = size.min_height;
1623	}
1624	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1625		c->minw = size.base_width;
1626		c->minh = size.base_height;
1627	}
1628	else
1629		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1630	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1631		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1632		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1633	}
1634	else
1635		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1636	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1637	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1638}
1639
1640void
1641updatetitle(Client *c) {
1642	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1643		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1644}
1645
1646void
1647updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1648	XWMHints *wmh;
1649
1650	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1651		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1652			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1653			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1654		}
1655		else
1656			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1657
1658		XFree(wmh);
1659	}
1660}
1661
1662void
1663view(const Arg *arg) {
1664	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1665		return;
1666	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1667	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1668		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1669	clearurgent();
1670	arrange();
1671}
1672
1673/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1674 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1675 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1676int
1677xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1678	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1679	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1680	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1681	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1682	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1683	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1684	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1685	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1686	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1687		return 0;
1688	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1689			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1690	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1691}
1692
1693int
1694xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1695	return 0;
1696}
1697
1698/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1699 * is already running. */
1700int
1701xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1702	otherwm = True;
1703	return -1;
1704}
1705
1706void
1707zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1708	Client *c = sel;
1709
1710	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1711		return;
1712	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1713		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1714			return;
1715	detach(c);
1716	attach(c);
1717	focus(c);
1718	arrange();
1719}
1720
1721int
1722main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1723	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1724		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1725	else if(argc != 1)
1726		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1727
1728	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1729		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1730
1731	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1732		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1733
1734	checkotherwm();
1735	setup();
1736	scan();
1737	run();
1738	cleanup();
1739
1740	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1741	return 0;
1742}