1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20 * client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  48#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  49#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  50#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  51#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  53#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  54#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  55#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  56#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  57#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  58#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  59#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  60
  61/* enums */
  62enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  63enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  64enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  65enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  66enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  67       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  68
  69typedef union {
  70	int i;
  71	unsigned int ui;
  72	float f;
  73	void *v;
  74} Arg;
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	unsigned int click;
  78	unsigned int mask;
  79	unsigned int button;
  80	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  81	const Arg arg;
  82} Button;
  83
  84typedef struct Client Client;
  85struct Client {
  86	char name[256];
  87	float mina, maxa;
  88	int x, y, w, h;
  89	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  90	int bw, oldbw;
  91	unsigned int tags;
  92	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  93	Client *next;
  94	Client *snext;
  95	Window win;
  96};
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	int x, y, w, h;
 100	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 101	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 102	Drawable drawable;
 103	GC gc;
 104	struct {
 105		int ascent;
 106		int descent;
 107		int height;
 108		XFontSet set;
 109		XFontStruct *xfont;
 110	} font;
 111} DC; /* draw context */
 112
 113typedef struct {
 114	unsigned int mod;
 115	KeySym keysym;
 116	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 117	const Arg arg;
 118} Key;
 119
 120typedef struct {
 121	const char *symbol;
 122	void (*arrange)(void);
 123} Layout;
 124
 125typedef struct {
 126	const char *class;
 127	const char *instance;
 128	const char *title;
 129	unsigned int tags;
 130	Bool isfloating;
 131} Rule;
 132
 133/* function declarations */
 134static void applyrules(Client *c);
 135static void arrange(void);
 136static void attach(Client *c);
 137static void attachstack(Client *c);
 138static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 139static void checkotherwm(void);
 140static void cleanup(void);
 141static void clearurgent(void);
 142static void configure(Client *c);
 143static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 144static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 145static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 146static void detach(Client *c);
 147static void detachstack(Client *c);
 148static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 149static void drawbar(void);
 150static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 151static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 152static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 153static void expose(XEvent *e);
 154static void focus(Client *c);
 155static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 156static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 157static Client *getclient(Window w);
 158static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 159static long getstate(Window w);
 160static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 161static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 162static void grabkeys(void);
 163static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 164static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 165static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 166static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 167static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 168static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 169static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 170static void monocle(void);
 171static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 172static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 173static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 174static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 175static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 176static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 177static void restack(void);
 178static void run(void);
 179static void scan(void);
 180static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 181static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 182static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 183static void setup(void);
 184static void showhide(Client *c);
 185static void sigchld(int signal);
 186static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 187static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 188static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 189static void tile(void);
 190static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 191static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 192static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 193static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 194static void unmanage(Client *c);
 195static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 196static void updatebar(void);
 197static void updategeom(void);
 198static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 199static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 200static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 201static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 202static void view(const Arg *arg);
 203static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 206static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 207
 208/* variables */
 209static char stext[256];
 210static int screen;
 211static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 212static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 213static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 214static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 215static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 216static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 217static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 218	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 219	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 220	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 221	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 222	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 223	[Expose] = expose,
 224	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 225	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 226	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 227	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 228	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 229	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 230};
 231static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 232static Bool otherwm;
 233static Bool running = True;
 234static Client *clients = NULL;
 235static Client *sel = NULL;
 236static Client *stack = NULL;
 237static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 238static Display *dpy;
 239static DC dc;
 240static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 241static Window root, barwin;
 242/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 243#include "config.h"
 244
 245/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 246struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 247
 248/* function implementations */
 249void
 250applyrules(Client *c) {
 251	unsigned int i;
 252	Rule *r;
 253	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 254
 255	/* rule matching */
 256	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 257		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 258			r = &rules[i];
 259			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 260			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 261			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 262				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 263				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 264			}
 265		}
 266		if(ch.res_class)
 267			XFree(ch.res_class);
 268		if(ch.res_name)
 269			XFree(ch.res_name);
 270	}
 271	if(!c->tags)
 272		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 273}
 274
 275void
 276arrange(void) {
 277	showhide(stack);
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 280		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 281	restack();
 282}
 283
 284void
 285attach(Client *c) {
 286	c->next = clients;
 287	clients = c;
 288}
 289
 290void
 291attachstack(Client *c) {
 292	c->snext = stack;
 293	stack = c;
 294}
 295
 296void
 297buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 298	unsigned int i, x, click;
 299	Arg arg = {0};
 300	Client *c;
 301	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 302
 303	click = ClkRootWin;
 304	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 305		i = x = 0;
 306		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 307		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 308			click = ClkTagBar;
 309			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 310		}
 311		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 312			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 313		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 314			click = ClkStatusText;
 315		else
 316			click = ClkWinTitle;
 317	}
 318	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 319		focus(c);
 320		click = ClkClientWin;
 321	}
 322
 323	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 324		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 325		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 326			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 327}
 328
 329void
 330checkotherwm(void) {
 331	otherwm = False;
 332	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 333
 334	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 335	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 336	XSync(dpy, False);
 337	if(otherwm)
 338		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 339	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 340	XSync(dpy, False);
 341}
 342
 343void
 344cleanup(void) {
 345	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 346	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 347
 348	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 349	view(&a);
 350	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 351	while(stack)
 352		unmanage(stack);
 353	if(dc.font.set)
 354		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 355	else
 356		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 357	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 358	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 359	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 360	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 361	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 362	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 363	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 364	XSync(dpy, False);
 365	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 366}
 367
 368void
 369clearurgent(void) {
 370	XWMHints *wmh;
 371	Client *c;
 372
 373	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 374		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && c->isurgent) {
 375			c->isurgent = False;
 376			if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 377				continue;
 378
 379			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 380			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 381			XFree(wmh);
 382		}
 383}
 384
 385void
 386configure(Client *c) {
 387	XConfigureEvent ce;
 388
 389	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 390	ce.display = dpy;
 391	ce.event = c->win;
 392	ce.window = c->win;
 393	ce.x = c->x;
 394	ce.y = c->y;
 395	ce.width = c->w;
 396	ce.height = c->h;
 397	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 398	ce.above = None;
 399	ce.override_redirect = False;
 400	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 401}
 402
 403void
 404configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 405	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 406
 407	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 408		sw = ev->width;
 409		sh = ev->height;
 410		updategeom();
 411		updatebar();
 412		arrange();
 413	}
 414}
 415
 416void
 417configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 418	Client *c;
 419	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 420	XWindowChanges wc;
 421
 422	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 423		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 424			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 425		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 426			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 427				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 428			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 429				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 430			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 431				c->w = ev->width;
 432			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 433				c->h = ev->height;
 434			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 435				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 436			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 437				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 438			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 439				configure(c);
 440			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 441				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 442		}
 443		else
 444			configure(c);
 445	}
 446	else {
 447		wc.x = ev->x;
 448		wc.y = ev->y;
 449		wc.width = ev->width;
 450		wc.height = ev->height;
 451		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 452		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 453		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 454		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 455	}
 456	XSync(dpy, False);
 457}
 458
 459void
 460destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 461	Client *c;
 462	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 463
 464	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 465		unmanage(c);
 466}
 467
 468void
 469detach(Client *c) {
 470	Client **tc;
 471
 472	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 473	*tc = c->next;
 474}
 475
 476void
 477detachstack(Client *c) {
 478	Client **tc;
 479
 480	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 481	*tc = c->snext;
 482}
 483
 484void
 485die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 486	va_list ap;
 487
 488	va_start(ap, errstr);
 489	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 490	va_end(ap);
 491	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 492}
 493
 494void
 495drawbar(void) {
 496	int x;
 497	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 498	unsigned long *col;
 499	Client *c;
 500
 501	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 502		occ |= c->tags;
 503		if(c->isurgent)
 504			urg |= c->tags;
 505	}
 506
 507	dc.x = 0;
 508	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 509		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 510		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 511		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 512		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 513		dc.x += dc.w;
 514	}
 515	if(blw > 0) {
 516		dc.w = blw;
 517		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 518		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 519	}
 520	else
 521		x = dc.x;
 522	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 523	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 524	if(dc.x < x) {
 525		dc.x = x;
 526		dc.w = ww - x;
 527	}
 528	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 529	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 530		dc.x = x;
 531		if(sel) {
 532			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 533			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 534		}
 535		else
 536			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 537	}
 538	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 539	XSync(dpy, False);
 540}
 541
 542void
 543drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 544	int x;
 545	XGCValues gcv;
 546	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 547
 548	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 549	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 550	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 551	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 552	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 553	if(filled) {
 554		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 555		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 556	}
 557	else if(empty) {
 558		r.width = r.height = x;
 559		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 560	}
 561}
 562
 563void
 564drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 565	char buf[256];
 566	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 567	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 568
 569	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 570	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 571	if(!text)
 572		return;
 573	olen = strlen(text);
 574	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 575	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 576	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 577	/* shorten text if necessary */
 578	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 579	if(!len)
 580		return;
 581	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 582	if(len < olen)
 583		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 584	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 585	if(dc.font.set)
 586		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 587	else
 588		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 589}
 590
 591void
 592enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 593	Client *c;
 594	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 595
 596	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 597		return;
 598	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 599		focus(c);
 600	else
 601		focus(NULL);
 602}
 603
 604void
 605expose(XEvent *e) {
 606	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 607
 608	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 609		drawbar();
 610}
 611
 612void
 613focus(Client *c) {
 614	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 615		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 616	if(sel && sel != c) {
 617		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 618		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 619	}
 620	if(c) {
 621		detachstack(c);
 622		attachstack(c);
 623		grabbuttons(c, True);
 624		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 625		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 626	}
 627	else
 628		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 629	sel = c;
 630	drawbar();
 631}
 632
 633void
 634focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 635	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 636
 637	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 638		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 639}
 640
 641void
 642focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 643	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 644
 645	if(!sel)
 646		return;
 647	if (arg->i > 0) {
 648		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 649		if(!c)
 650			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 651	}
 652	else {
 653		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 654			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 655				c = i;
 656		if(!c)
 657			for(; i; i = i->next)
 658				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 659					c = i;
 660	}
 661	if(c) {
 662		focus(c);
 663		restack();
 664	}
 665}
 666
 667Client *
 668getclient(Window w) {
 669	Client *c;
 670
 671	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 672	return c;
 673}
 674
 675unsigned long
 676getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 677	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 678	XColor color;
 679
 680	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 681		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 682	return color.pixel;
 683}
 684
 685long
 686getstate(Window w) {
 687	int format, status;
 688	long result = -1;
 689	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 690	unsigned long n, extra;
 691	Atom real;
 692
 693	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 694			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 695	if(status != Success)
 696		return -1;
 697	if(n != 0)
 698		result = *p;
 699	XFree(p);
 700	return result;
 701}
 702
 703Bool
 704gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 705	char **list = NULL;
 706	int n;
 707	XTextProperty name;
 708
 709	if(!text || size == 0)
 710		return False;
 711	text[0] = '\0';
 712	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 713	if(!name.nitems)
 714		return False;
 715	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 716		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 717	else {
 718		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 719		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 720			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 721			XFreeStringList(list);
 722		}
 723	}
 724	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 725	XFree(name.value);
 726	return True;
 727}
 728
 729void
 730grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 731	updatenumlockmask();
 732	{
 733		unsigned int i, j;
 734		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 735		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 736		if(focused) {
 737			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 738				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 739					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 740						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 741		} else
 742			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 743			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 744	}
 745}
 746
 747void
 748grabkeys(void) {
 749	updatenumlockmask();
 750	{ /* grab keys */
 751		unsigned int i, j;
 752		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 753		KeyCode code;
 754
 755		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 756		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 757			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 758				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 759					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 760						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 761		}
 762	}
 763}
 764
 765void
 766initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 767	char *def, **missing;
 768	int i, n;
 769
 770	missing = NULL;
 771	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 772	if(missing) {
 773		while(n--)
 774			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 775		XFreeStringList(missing);
 776	}
 777	if(dc.font.set) {
 778		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 779		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 780		char **font_names;
 781		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 782		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 783		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 784		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 785			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 786			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 787			xfonts++;
 788		}
 789	}
 790	else {
 791		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 792		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 793			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 794		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 795		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 796	}
 797	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 798}
 799
 800Bool
 801isprotodel(Client *c) {
 802	int i, n;
 803	Atom *protocols;
 804	Bool ret = False;
 805
 806	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 807		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 808			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 809				ret = True;
 810		XFree(protocols);
 811	}
 812	return ret;
 813}
 814
 815void
 816keypress(XEvent *e) {
 817	unsigned int i;
 818	KeySym keysym;
 819	XKeyEvent *ev;
 820
 821	ev = &e->xkey;
 822	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 823	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 824		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 825		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 826		   && keys[i].func)
 827			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 828}
 829
 830void
 831killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 832	XEvent ev;
 833
 834	if(!sel)
 835		return;
 836	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 837		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 838		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 839		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 840		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 841		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 842		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 843		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 844	}
 845	else
 846		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 847}
 848
 849void
 850manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 851	static Client cz;
 852	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 853	Window trans = None;
 854	XWindowChanges wc;
 855
 856	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 857		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 858	*c = cz;
 859	c->win = w;
 860
 861	/* geometry */
 862	c->x = wa->x;
 863	c->y = wa->y;
 864	c->w = wa->width;
 865	c->h = wa->height;
 866	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 867	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 868		c->x = sx;
 869		c->y = sy;
 870		c->bw = 0;
 871	}
 872	else {
 873		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 874			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 875		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 876			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 877		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 878		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 879		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 880		c->bw = borderpx;
 881	}
 882
 883	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 884	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 885	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 886	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 887	updatesizehints(c);
 888	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 889	grabbuttons(c, False);
 890	updatetitle(c);
 891	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 892		t = getclient(trans);
 893	if(t)
 894		c->tags = t->tags;
 895	else
 896		applyrules(c);
 897	if(!c->isfloating)
 898		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 899	if(c->isfloating)
 900		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 901	attach(c);
 902	attachstack(c);
 903	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 904	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 905	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 906	arrange();
 907}
 908
 909void
 910mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 911	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 912
 913	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 914	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 915		grabkeys();
 916}
 917
 918void
 919maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 920	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 921	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 922
 923	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 924		return;
 925	if(wa.override_redirect)
 926		return;
 927	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 928		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 929}
 930
 931void
 932monocle(void) {
 933	Client *c;
 934
 935	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 936		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 937}
 938
 939void
 940movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 941	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 942	unsigned int dui;
 943	Client *c;
 944	Window dummy;
 945	XEvent ev;
 946
 947	if(!(c = sel))
 948		return;
 949	restack();
 950	ocx = c->x;
 951	ocy = c->y;
 952	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 953	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 954		return;
 955	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
 956	if(usegrab)
 957		XGrabServer(dpy);
 958	do {
 959		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 960		switch (ev.type) {
 961		case ConfigureRequest:
 962		case Expose:
 963		case MapRequest:
 964			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 965			break;
 966		case MotionNotify:
 967			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
 968			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
 969			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
 970			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
 971				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
 972					nx = wx;
 973				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
 974					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
 975				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
 976					ny = wy;
 977				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
 978					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
 979				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
 980					togglefloating(NULL);
 981			}
 982			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 983				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
 984			break;
 985		}
 986	}
 987	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
 988	if(usegrab)
 989		XUngrabServer(dpy);
 990	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 991}
 992
 993Client *
 994nexttiled(Client *c) {
 995	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
 996	return c;
 997}
 998
 999void
1000propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1001	Client *c;
1002	Window trans;
1003	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1004
1005	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1006		return; /* ignore */
1007	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1008		switch (ev->atom) {
1009		default: break;
1010		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1011			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1012			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1013				arrange();
1014			break;
1015		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1016			updatesizehints(c);
1017			break;
1018		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1019			updatewmhints(c);
1020			drawbar();
1021			break;
1022		}
1023		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1024			updatetitle(c);
1025			if(c == sel)
1026				drawbar();
1027		}
1028	}
1029}
1030
1031void
1032quit(const Arg *arg) {
1033	readin = running = False;
1034}
1035
1036void
1037resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1038	XWindowChanges wc;
1039
1040	if(sizehints) {
1041		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
1042		Bool baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
1043
1044		/* set minimum possible */
1045		w = MAX(1, w);
1046		h = MAX(1, h);
1047
1048		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1049			w -= c->basew;
1050			h -= c->baseh;
1051		}
1052
1053		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1054		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1055			if(c->maxa < (float)w / h)
1056				w = h * c->maxa;
1057			else if(c->mina < (float)h / w)
1058				h = w * c->mina;
1059		}
1060
1061		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
1062			w -= c->basew;
1063			h -= c->baseh;
1064		}
1065
1066		/* adjust for increment value */
1067		if(c->incw)
1068			w -= w % c->incw;
1069		if(c->inch)
1070			h -= h % c->inch;
1071
1072		/* restore base dimensions */
1073		w += c->basew;
1074		h += c->baseh;
1075
1076		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1077		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1078
1079		if(c->maxw)
1080			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1081
1082		if(c->maxh)
1083			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1084	}
1085	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1086		return;
1087	if(x > sx + sw)
1088		x = sw - WIDTH(c);
1089	if(y > sy + sh)
1090		y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
1091	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1092		x = sx;
1093	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1094		y = sy;
1095	if(h < bh)
1096		h = bh;
1097	if(w < bh)
1098		w = bh;
1099	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1100		c->x = wc.x = x;
1101		c->y = wc.y = y;
1102		c->w = wc.width = w;
1103		c->h = wc.height = h;
1104		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1105		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1106				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1107		configure(c);
1108		XSync(dpy, False);
1109	}
1110}
1111
1112void
1113resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1114	int ocx, ocy;
1115	int nw, nh;
1116	Client *c;
1117	XEvent ev;
1118
1119	if(!(c = sel))
1120		return;
1121	restack();
1122	ocx = c->x;
1123	ocy = c->y;
1124	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1125	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1126		return;
1127	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1128	if(usegrab)
1129		XGrabServer(dpy);
1130	do {
1131		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1132		switch(ev.type) {
1133		case ConfigureRequest:
1134		case Expose:
1135		case MapRequest:
1136			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1137			break;
1138		case MotionNotify:
1139			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1140			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1141
1142			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1143			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1144				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1145				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1146					togglefloating(NULL);
1147			}
1148			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1149				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1150			break;
1151		}
1152	}
1153	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1154	if(usegrab)
1155		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1156	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1157	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1158	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1159}
1160
1161void
1162restack(void) {
1163	Client *c;
1164	XEvent ev;
1165	XWindowChanges wc;
1166
1167	drawbar();
1168	if(!sel)
1169		return;
1170	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1171		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1172	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1173		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1174		wc.sibling = barwin;
1175		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1176			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1177				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1178				wc.sibling = c->win;
1179			}
1180	}
1181	XSync(dpy, False);
1182	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1183}
1184
1185void
1186run(void) {
1187	char *p;
1188	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1189	fd_set rd;
1190	int r, xfd;
1191	unsigned int len, offset;
1192	XEvent ev;
1193
1194	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1195	XSync(dpy, False);
1196	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1197	offset = 0;
1198	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1199	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1200	while(running) {
1201		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1202		if(readin)
1203			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1204		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1205		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1206			if(errno == EINTR)
1207				continue;
1208			die("select failed\n");
1209		}
1210		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1211			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1212			case -1:
1213				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1214				readin = False;
1215				break;
1216			case 0:
1217				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1218				readin = False;
1219				break;
1220			default:
1221				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1222					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1223						*p = '\0';
1224						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1225						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1226						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1227						offset = r;
1228						if(r)
1229							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1230						break;
1231					}
1232				break;
1233			}
1234			drawbar();
1235		}
1236		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1237			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1238			if(handler[ev.type])
1239				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1240		}
1241	}
1242}
1243
1244void
1245scan(void) {
1246	unsigned int i, num;
1247	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1248	XWindowAttributes wa;
1249
1250	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1251		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1252			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1253			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1254				continue;
1255			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1256				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1257		}
1258		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1259			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1260				continue;
1261			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1262			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1263				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1264		}
1265		if(wins)
1266			XFree(wins);
1267	}
1268}
1269
1270void
1271setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1272	long data[] = {state, None};
1273
1274	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1275			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1276}
1277
1278void
1279setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1280	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1281		sellt ^= 1;
1282	if(arg && arg->v)
1283		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1284	if(sel)
1285		arrange();
1286	else
1287		drawbar();
1288}
1289
1290/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1291void
1292setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1293	float f;
1294
1295	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1296		return;
1297	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1298	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1299		return;
1300	mfact = f;
1301	arrange();
1302}
1303
1304void
1305setup(void) {
1306	unsigned int i;
1307	int w;
1308	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1309
1310	/* init screen */
1311	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1312	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1313	initfont(font);
1314	sx = 0;
1315	sy = 0;
1316	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1317	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1318	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1319	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1320	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1321	updategeom();
1322
1323	/* init atoms */
1324	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1325	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1326	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1327	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1328	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1329
1330	/* init cursors */
1331	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1332	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1333	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1334
1335	/* init appearance */
1336	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1337	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1338	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1339	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1340	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1341	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1342	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1343	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1344	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1345	if(!dc.font.set)
1346		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1347
1348	/* init bar */
1349	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1350		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1351		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1352	}
1353
1354	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1355	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1356	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1357
1358	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1359			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1360			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1361	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1362	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1363	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1364	drawbar();
1365
1366	/* EWMH support per view */
1367	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1368			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1369
1370	/* select for events */
1371	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1372			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1373	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1374	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1375
1376	grabkeys();
1377}
1378
1379void
1380showhide(Client *c) {
1381	if(!c)
1382		return;
1383	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1384		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1385		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1386			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1387		showhide(c->snext);
1388	}
1389	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1390		showhide(c->snext);
1391		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1392	}
1393}
1394
1395
1396void
1397sigchld(int signal) {
1398	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1399}
1400
1401void
1402spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1403	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1404	if(fork() == 0) {
1405		if(dpy)
1406			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1407		setsid();
1408		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1409		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1410		perror(" failed");
1411		exit(0);
1412	}
1413}
1414
1415void
1416tag(const Arg *arg) {
1417	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1418		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1419		arrange();
1420	}
1421}
1422
1423int
1424textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1425	XRectangle r;
1426
1427	if(dc.font.set) {
1428		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1429		return r.width;
1430	}
1431	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1432}
1433
1434void
1435tile(void) {
1436	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1437	unsigned int i, n;
1438	Client *c;
1439
1440	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1441	if(n == 0)
1442		return;
1443
1444	/* master */
1445	c = nexttiled(clients);
1446	mw = mfact * ww;
1447	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1448
1449	if(--n == 0)
1450		return;
1451
1452	/* tile stack */
1453	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1454	y = wy;
1455	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1456	h = wh / n;
1457	if(h < bh)
1458		h = wh;
1459
1460	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1461		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1462		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), resizehints);
1463		if(h != wh)
1464			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1465	}
1466}
1467
1468void
1469togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1470	showbar = !showbar;
1471	updategeom();
1472	updatebar();
1473	arrange();
1474}
1475
1476void
1477togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1478	if(!sel)
1479		return;
1480	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1481	if(sel->isfloating)
1482		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1483	arrange();
1484}
1485
1486void
1487toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1488	unsigned int mask;
1489
1490	if (!sel)
1491		return;
1492	
1493	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1494	if(sel && mask) {
1495		sel->tags = mask;
1496		arrange();
1497	}
1498}
1499
1500void
1501toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1502	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1503
1504	if(mask) {
1505		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1506		clearurgent();
1507		arrange();
1508	}
1509}
1510
1511void
1512unmanage(Client *c) {
1513	XWindowChanges wc;
1514
1515	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1516	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1517	XGrabServer(dpy);
1518	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1519	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1520	detach(c);
1521	detachstack(c);
1522	if(sel == c)
1523		focus(NULL);
1524	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1525	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1526	free(c);
1527	XSync(dpy, False);
1528	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1529	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1530	arrange();
1531}
1532
1533void
1534unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1535	Client *c;
1536	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1537
1538	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1539		unmanage(c);
1540}
1541
1542void
1543updatebar(void) {
1544	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1545		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1546	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1547	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1548}
1549
1550void
1551updategeom(void) {
1552#ifdef XINERAMA
1553	int n, i = 0;
1554	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1555
1556	/* window area geometry */
1557	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1558		if(n > 1) {
1559			int di, x, y;
1560			unsigned int dui;
1561			Window dummy;
1562			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1563				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1564					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1565						break;
1566		}
1567		wx = info[i].x_org;
1568		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1569		ww = info[i].width;
1570		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1571		XFree(info);
1572	}
1573	else
1574#endif
1575	{
1576		wx = sx;
1577		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1578		ww = sw;
1579		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1580	}
1581
1582	/* bar position */
1583	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1584}
1585
1586void
1587updatenumlockmask(void) {
1588	unsigned int i, j;
1589	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1590
1591	numlockmask = 0;
1592	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1593	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1594		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1595			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1596				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1597	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1598}
1599
1600void
1601updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1602	long msize;
1603	XSizeHints size;
1604
1605	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1606		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1607		size.flags = PSize; 
1608	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1609		c->basew = size.base_width;
1610		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1611	}
1612	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1613		c->basew = size.min_width;
1614		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1615	}
1616	else
1617		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1618	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1619		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1620		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1621	}
1622	else
1623		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1624	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1625		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1626		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1627	}
1628	else
1629		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1630	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1631		c->minw = size.min_width;
1632		c->minh = size.min_height;
1633	}
1634	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1635		c->minw = size.base_width;
1636		c->minh = size.base_height;
1637	}
1638	else
1639		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1640	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1641		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1642		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1643	}
1644	else
1645		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1646	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1647	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1648}
1649
1650void
1651updatetitle(Client *c) {
1652	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1653		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1654}
1655
1656void
1657updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1658	XWMHints *wmh;
1659
1660	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1661		if(ISVISIBLE(c) && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1662			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1663			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1664		}
1665		else
1666			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1667
1668		XFree(wmh);
1669	}
1670}
1671
1672void
1673view(const Arg *arg) {
1674	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1675		return;
1676	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1677	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1678		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1679	clearurgent();
1680	arrange();
1681}
1682
1683/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1684 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1685 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1686int
1687xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1688	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1689	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1690	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1691	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1692	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1693	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1694	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1695	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1696	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1697		return 0;
1698	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1699			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1700	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1701}
1702
1703int
1704xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1705	return 0;
1706}
1707
1708/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1709 * is already running. */
1710int
1711xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1712	otherwm = True;
1713	return -1;
1714}
1715
1716void
1717zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1718	Client *c = sel;
1719
1720	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1721		return;
1722	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1723		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1724			return;
1725	detach(c);
1726	attach(c);
1727	focus(c);
1728	arrange();
1729}
1730
1731int
1732main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1733	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1734		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1735	else if(argc != 1)
1736		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1737
1738	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1739		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1740
1741	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1742		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1743
1744	checkotherwm();
1745	setup();
1746	scan();
1747	run();
1748	cleanup();
1749
1750	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1751	return 0;
1752}