1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  45#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  46#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  47#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  48#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  50#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  51
  52/* enums */
  53enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff, BarLast };               /* bar appearance */
  54enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  55enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  56enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  57enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  58
  59/* typedefs */
  60typedef struct Client Client;
  61struct Client {
  62	char name[256];
  63	int x, y, w, h;
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags;
  67	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101	void (*updategeom)(void);
 102} Layout;
 103
 104typedef struct {
 105	const char *class;
 106	const char *instance;
 107	const char *title;
 108	const char *tag;
 109	Bool isfloating;
 110} Rule;
 111
 112/* function declarations */
 113void applyrules(Client *c);
 114void arrange(void);
 115void attach(Client *c);
 116void attachstack(Client *c);
 117void ban(Client *c);
 118void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 119void checkotherwm(void);
 120void cleanup(void);
 121void configure(Client *c);
 122void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 123void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 124void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 125void detach(Client *c);
 126void detachstack(Client *c);
 127void drawbar(void);
 128void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 129void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 130void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 131void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 132void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 133void expose(XEvent *e);
 134void focus(Client *c);
 135void focusin(XEvent *e);
 136void focusnext(const char *arg);
 137void focusprev(const char *arg);
 138Client *getclient(Window w);
 139unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 140long getstate(Window w);
 141Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 142void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 143void grabkeys(void);
 144unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 145void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 146Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 147Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 148Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 149Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 150void keypress(XEvent *e);
 151void killclient(const char *arg);
 152void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 153void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 154void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 155void movemouse(Client *c);
 156Client *nextunfloating(Client *c);
 157void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 158void quit(const char *arg);
 159void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 160void resizemouse(Client *c);
 161void restack(void);
 162void run(void);
 163void scan(void);
 164void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 165void setup(void);
 166void spawn(const char *arg);
 167void tag(const char *arg);
 168unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 169unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 170void togglebar(const char *arg);
 171void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 172void togglelayout(const char *arg);
 173void toggletag(const char *arg);
 174void toggleview(const char *arg);
 175void unban(Client *c);
 176void unmanage(Client *c);
 177void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 178void updatebar(void);
 179void updategeom(void);
 180void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 181void updatetitle(Client *c);
 182void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 183void view(const char *arg);
 184void viewprevtag(const char *arg);
 185int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 186int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 187int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 188void zoom(const char *arg);
 189
 190/* variables */
 191char stext[256];
 192int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 193int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 194int seltags = 0;
 195int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 196unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 197void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 198	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 199	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 200	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 201	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 202	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 203	[Expose] = expose,
 204	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 205	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 206	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 207	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 208	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 209	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 210};
 211Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 212Bool otherwm, readin;
 213Bool running = True;
 214Bool *tagset[2];
 215Client *clients = NULL;
 216Client *sel = NULL;
 217Client *stack = NULL;
 218Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 219Display *dpy;
 220DC dc = {0};
 221Layout layouts[];
 222Layout *lt = layouts;
 223Window root, barwin;
 224
 225/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 226#include "config.h"
 227#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 228
 229/* function implementations */
 230
 231void
 232applyrules(Client *c) {
 233	unsigned int i;
 234	Bool matched = False;
 235	Rule *r;
 236	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 237
 238	/* rule matching */
 239	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 240	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 241		r = &rules[i];
 242		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 243		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 244		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 245			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 246			if(r->tag) {
 247				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 248				matched = True;
 249			}
 250		}
 251	}
 252	if(ch.res_class)
 253		XFree(ch.res_class);
 254	if(ch.res_name)
 255		XFree(ch.res_name);
 256	if(!matched)
 257		memcpy(c->tags, tagset[seltags], TAGSZ);
 258}
 259
 260void
 261arrange(void) {
 262	Client *c;
 263
 264	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 265		if(isvisible(c)) {
 266			unban(c);
 267			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 268				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 269		}
 270		else
 271			ban(c);
 272
 273	focus(NULL);
 274	if(lt->arrange)
 275		lt->arrange();
 276	restack();
 277}
 278
 279void
 280attach(Client *c) {
 281	if(clients)
 282		clients->prev = c;
 283	c->next = clients;
 284	clients = c;
 285}
 286
 287void
 288attachstack(Client *c) {
 289	c->snext = stack;
 290	stack = c;
 291}
 292
 293void
 294ban(Client *c) {
 295	if(c->isbanned)
 296		return;
 297	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 298	c->isbanned = True;
 299}
 300
 301void
 302buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 303	unsigned int i, x;
 304	Client *c;
 305	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 306
 307	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 308		x = 0;
 309		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 310			x += textw(tags[i]);
 311			if(ev->x < x) {
 312				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 313					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 314						tag(tags[i]);
 315					else
 316						view(tags[i]);
 317				}
 318				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 319					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 320						toggletag(tags[i]);
 321					else
 322						toggleview(tags[i]);
 323				}
 324				return;
 325			}
 326		}
 327		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 328			togglelayout(NULL);
 329	}
 330	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 331		focus(c);
 332		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 333			return;
 334		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 335			restack();
 336			movemouse(c);
 337		}
 338		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 339			if(lt->arrange && c->isfloating)
 340				togglefloating(NULL);
 341		}
 342		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 343			restack();
 344			resizemouse(c);
 345		}
 346	}
 347}
 348
 349void
 350checkotherwm(void) {
 351	otherwm = False;
 352	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 353
 354	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 355	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 356	XSync(dpy, False);
 357	if(otherwm)
 358		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 359	XSync(dpy, False);
 360	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 361	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 362	XSync(dpy, False);
 363}
 364
 365void
 366cleanup(void) {
 367	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 368	while(stack) {
 369		unban(stack);
 370		unmanage(stack);
 371	}
 372	if(dc.font.set)
 373		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 374	else
 375		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 376	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 377	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 378	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 379	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 380	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 381	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 382	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 383	XSync(dpy, False);
 384	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 385}
 386
 387void
 388configure(Client *c) {
 389	XConfigureEvent ce;
 390
 391	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 392	ce.display = dpy;
 393	ce.event = c->win;
 394	ce.window = c->win;
 395	ce.x = c->x;
 396	ce.y = c->y;
 397	ce.width = c->w;
 398	ce.height = c->h;
 399	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 400	ce.above = None;
 401	ce.override_redirect = False;
 402	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 403}
 404
 405void
 406configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 407	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 408
 409	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 410		sw = ev->width;
 411		sh = ev->height;
 412		updategeom();
 413		updatebar();
 414		arrange();
 415	}
 416}
 417
 418void
 419configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 420	Client *c;
 421	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 422	XWindowChanges wc;
 423
 424	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 425		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 426			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 427		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 428			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 429				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 430			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 431				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 432			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 433				c->w = ev->width;
 434			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 435				c->h = ev->height;
 436			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 437				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 438			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 439				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 440			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 441			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 442				configure(c);
 443			if(isvisible(c))
 444				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 445		}
 446		else
 447			configure(c);
 448	}
 449	else {
 450		wc.x = ev->x;
 451		wc.y = ev->y;
 452		wc.width = ev->width;
 453		wc.height = ev->height;
 454		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 455		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 456		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 457		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 458	}
 459	XSync(dpy, False);
 460}
 461
 462void
 463destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 464	Client *c;
 465	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 466
 467	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 468		unmanage(c);
 469}
 470
 471void
 472detach(Client *c) {
 473	if(c->prev)
 474		c->prev->next = c->next;
 475	if(c->next)
 476		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 477	if(c == clients)
 478		clients = c->next;
 479	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 480}
 481
 482void
 483detachstack(Client *c) {
 484	Client **tc;
 485
 486	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 487	*tc = c->snext;
 488}
 489
 490void
 491drawbar(void) {
 492	int i, x;
 493	Client *c;
 494
 495	dc.x = 0;
 496	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 497	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 498		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 499		if(tagset[seltags][i]) {
 500			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 501			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 502		}
 503		else {
 504			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 505			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 506		}
 507		dc.x += dc.w;
 508	}
 509	if(blw > 0) {
 510		dc.w = blw;
 511		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 512		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 513	}
 514	else
 515		x = dc.x;
 516	dc.w = textw(stext);
 517	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 518	if(dc.x < x) {
 519		dc.x = x;
 520		dc.w = bw - x;
 521	}
 522	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 523	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 524		dc.x = x;
 525		if(c) {
 526			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 527			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 528		}
 529		else
 530			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 531	}
 532	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 533	XSync(dpy, False);
 534}
 535
 536void
 537drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 538	int x;
 539	XGCValues gcv;
 540	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 541
 542	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 543	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 544	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 545	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 546	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 547	if(filled) {
 548		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 549		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 550	}
 551	else if(empty) {
 552		r.width = r.height = x;
 553		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 554	}
 555}
 556
 557void
 558drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 559	int x, y, w, h;
 560	unsigned int len, olen;
 561	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 562	char buf[256];
 563
 564	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 565	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 566	if(!text)
 567		return;
 568	olen = strlen(text);
 569	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 570	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 571	w = 0;
 572	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 573	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 574	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 575	/* shorten text if necessary */
 576	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 577	if(!len)
 578		return;
 579	if(len < olen) {
 580		if(len > 1)
 581			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 582		if(len > 2)
 583			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 584		if(len > 3)
 585			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 586	}
 587	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 588	if(dc.font.set)
 589		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 590	else
 591		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 592}
 593
 594void *
 595emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 596	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 597
 598	if(!res)
 599		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 600	return res;
 601}
 602
 603void
 604enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 605	Client *c;
 606	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 607
 608	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 609		return;
 610	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 611		focus(c);
 612	else
 613		focus(NULL);
 614}
 615
 616void
 617eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 618	va_list ap;
 619
 620	va_start(ap, errstr);
 621	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 622	va_end(ap);
 623	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 624}
 625
 626void
 627expose(XEvent *e) {
 628	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 629
 630	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 631		drawbar();
 632}
 633
 634void
 635focus(Client *c) {
 636	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 637		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 638	if(sel && sel != c) {
 639		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 640		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 641	}
 642	if(c) {
 643		detachstack(c);
 644		attachstack(c);
 645		grabbuttons(c, True);
 646	}
 647	sel = c;
 648	if(c) {
 649		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 650		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 651	}
 652	else
 653		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 654	drawbar();
 655}
 656
 657void
 658focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 659	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 660
 661	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 662		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 663}
 664
 665void
 666focusnext(const char *arg) {
 667	Client *c;
 668
 669	if(!sel)
 670		return;
 671	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 672	if(!c)
 673		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 674	if(c) {
 675		focus(c);
 676		restack();
 677	}
 678}
 679
 680void
 681focusprev(const char *arg) {
 682	Client *c;
 683
 684	if(!sel)
 685		return;
 686	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 687	if(!c) {
 688		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 689		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 690	}
 691	if(c) {
 692		focus(c);
 693		restack();
 694	}
 695}
 696
 697Client *
 698getclient(Window w) {
 699	Client *c;
 700
 701	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 702	return c;
 703}
 704
 705unsigned long
 706getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 707	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 708	XColor color;
 709
 710	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 711		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 712	return color.pixel;
 713}
 714
 715long
 716getstate(Window w) {
 717	int format, status;
 718	long result = -1;
 719	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 720	unsigned long n, extra;
 721	Atom real;
 722
 723	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 724			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 725	if(status != Success)
 726		return -1;
 727	if(n != 0)
 728		result = *p;
 729	XFree(p);
 730	return result;
 731}
 732
 733Bool
 734gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 735	char **list = NULL;
 736	int n;
 737	XTextProperty name;
 738
 739	if(!text || size == 0)
 740		return False;
 741	text[0] = '\0';
 742	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 743	if(!name.nitems)
 744		return False;
 745	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 746		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 747	else {
 748		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 749		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 750			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 751			XFreeStringList(list);
 752		}
 753	}
 754	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 755	XFree(name.value);
 756	return True;
 757}
 758
 759void
 760grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 761	int i, j;
 762	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 763	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 764				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 765
 766	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 767	if(focused)
 768		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 769			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 770				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 771					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 772	else
 773		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 774			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 775}
 776
 777void
 778grabkeys(void) {
 779	unsigned int i, j;
 780	KeyCode code;
 781	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 782
 783	/* init modifier map */
 784	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 785	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 786		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 787			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 788				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 789		}
 790	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 791
 792	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 793	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 794		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 795		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 796				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 797		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 798				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 799		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 800				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 801		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 802				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 803	}
 804}
 805
 806unsigned int
 807idxoftag(const char *t) {
 808	unsigned int i;
 809
 810	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 811	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 812}
 813
 814void
 815initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 816	char *def, **missing;
 817	int i, n;
 818
 819	missing = NULL;
 820	if(dc.font.set)
 821		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 822	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 823	if(missing) {
 824		while(n--)
 825			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 826		XFreeStringList(missing);
 827	}
 828	if(dc.font.set) {
 829		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 830		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 831		char **font_names;
 832		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 833		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 834		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 835		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 836			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 837			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 838			xfonts++;
 839		}
 840	}
 841	else {
 842		if(dc.font.xfont)
 843			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 844		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 845		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 846		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 847			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 848		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 849		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 850	}
 851	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 852}
 853
 854Bool
 855isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 856	Client *c;
 857
 858	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 859		if(c->tags[t])
 860			return True;
 861	return False;
 862}
 863
 864Bool
 865isprotodel(Client *c) {
 866	int i, n;
 867	Atom *protocols;
 868	Bool ret = False;
 869
 870	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 871		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 872			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 873				ret = True;
 874		XFree(protocols);
 875	}
 876	return ret;
 877}
 878
 879Bool
 880isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 881	Client *c;
 882
 883	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 884		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 885			return True;
 886	return False;
 887}
 888
 889Bool
 890isvisible(Client *c) {
 891	unsigned int i;
 892
 893	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 894		if(c->tags[i] && tagset[seltags][i])
 895			return True;
 896	return False;
 897}
 898
 899void
 900keypress(XEvent *e) {
 901	unsigned int i;
 902	KeySym keysym;
 903	XKeyEvent *ev;
 904
 905	ev = &e->xkey;
 906	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 907	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 908		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 909		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 910		{
 911			if(keys[i].func)
 912				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 913		}
 914}
 915
 916void
 917killclient(const char *arg) {
 918	XEvent ev;
 919
 920	if(!sel)
 921		return;
 922	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 923		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 924		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 925		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 926		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 927		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 928		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 929		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 930	}
 931	else
 932		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 933}
 934
 935void
 936manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 937	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 938	Status rettrans;
 939	Window trans;
 940	XWindowChanges wc;
 941
 942	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 943	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 944	c->win = w;
 945
 946	/* geometry */
 947	c->x = wa->x;
 948	c->y = wa->y;
 949	c->w = wa->width;
 950	c->h = wa->height;
 951	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 952	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 953		c->x = sx;
 954		c->y = sy;
 955		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 956	}
 957	else {
 958		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
 959			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 960		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
 961			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 962		c->x = MAX(c->x, wx);
 963		c->y = MAX(c->y, wy);
 964		c->bw = borderpx;
 965	}
 966
 967	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 968	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 969	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 970	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 971	updatesizehints(c);
 972	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 973	grabbuttons(c, False);
 974	updatetitle(c);
 975	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 976		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 977	if(t)
 978		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
 979	else
 980		applyrules(c);
 981	if(!c->isfloating)
 982		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 983	attach(c);
 984	attachstack(c);
 985	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 986	ban(c);
 987	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 988	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 989	arrange();
 990}
 991
 992void
 993mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 994	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 995
 996	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 997	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 998		grabkeys();
 999}
1000
1001void
1002maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1003	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1004	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1005
1006	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1007		return;
1008	if(wa.override_redirect)
1009		return;
1010	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1011		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1012}
1013
1014void
1015movemouse(Client *c) {
1016	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1017	unsigned int dui;
1018	Window dummy;
1019	XEvent ev;
1020
1021	ocx = nx = c->x;
1022	ocy = ny = c->y;
1023	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1024	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1025		return;
1026	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1027	for(;;) {
1028		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1029		switch (ev.type) {
1030		case ButtonRelease:
1031			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1032			return;
1033		case ConfigureRequest:
1034		case Expose:
1035		case MapRequest:
1036			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1037			break;
1038		case MotionNotify:
1039			XSync(dpy, False);
1040			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1041			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1042			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1043			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1044				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1045					nx = wx;
1046				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1047					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1048				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1049					ny = wy;
1050				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1051					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1052				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1053					togglefloating(NULL);
1054			}
1055			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1056				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1057			break;
1058		}
1059	}
1060}
1061
1062Client *
1063nextunfloating(Client *c) {
1064	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1065	return c;
1066}
1067
1068void
1069propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1070	Client *c;
1071	Window trans;
1072	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1073
1074	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1075		return; /* ignore */
1076	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1077		switch (ev->atom) {
1078		default: break;
1079		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1080			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1081			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1082				arrange();
1083			break;
1084		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1085			updatesizehints(c);
1086			break;
1087		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1088			updatewmhints(c);
1089			drawbar();
1090			break;
1091		}
1092		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1093			updatetitle(c);
1094			if(c == sel)
1095				drawbar();
1096		}
1097	}
1098}
1099
1100void
1101quit(const char *arg) {
1102	readin = running = False;
1103}
1104
1105void
1106resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1107	XWindowChanges wc;
1108
1109	if(sizehints) {
1110		/* set minimum possible */
1111		w = MAX(1, w);
1112		h = MAX(1, h);
1113
1114		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1115		w -= c->basew;
1116		h -= c->baseh;
1117
1118		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1119		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1120		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1121			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1122				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1123			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1124				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1125		}
1126
1127		/* adjust for increment value */
1128		if(c->incw)
1129			w -= w % c->incw;
1130		if(c->inch)
1131			h -= h % c->inch;
1132
1133		/* restore base dimensions */
1134		w += c->basew;
1135		h += c->baseh;
1136
1137		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1138		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1139		
1140		if (c->maxw)
1141			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1142
1143		if (c->maxh)
1144			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1145	}
1146	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1147		return;
1148	if(x > sx + sw)
1149		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1150	if(y > sy + sh)
1151		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1152	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1153		x = sx;
1154	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1155		y = sy;
1156	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1157		c->x = wc.x = x;
1158		c->y = wc.y = y;
1159		c->w = wc.width = w;
1160		c->h = wc.height = h;
1161		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1162		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1163				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1164		configure(c);
1165		XSync(dpy, False);
1166	}
1167}
1168
1169void
1170resizemouse(Client *c) {
1171	int ocx, ocy;
1172	int nw, nh;
1173	XEvent ev;
1174
1175	ocx = c->x;
1176	ocy = c->y;
1177	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1178	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1179		return;
1180	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1181	for(;;) {
1182		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1183		switch(ev.type) {
1184		case ButtonRelease:
1185			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1186					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1187			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1188			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1189			return;
1190		case ConfigureRequest:
1191		case Expose:
1192		case MapRequest:
1193			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1194			break;
1195		case MotionNotify:
1196			XSync(dpy, False);
1197			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1198			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1199
1200			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1201			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1202				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1203				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1204					togglefloating(NULL);
1205			}
1206			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1207				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1208			break;
1209		}
1210	}
1211}
1212
1213void
1214restack(void) {
1215	Client *c;
1216	XEvent ev;
1217	XWindowChanges wc;
1218
1219	drawbar();
1220	if(!sel)
1221		return;
1222	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1223		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1224	if(lt->arrange) {
1225		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1226		wc.sibling = barwin;
1227		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1228			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c)) {
1229				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1230				wc.sibling = c->win;
1231			}
1232	}
1233	XSync(dpy, False);
1234	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1235}
1236
1237void
1238run(void) {
1239	char *p;
1240	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1241	fd_set rd;
1242	int r, xfd;
1243	unsigned int len, offset;
1244	XEvent ev;
1245
1246	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1247	XSync(dpy, False);
1248	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1249	readin = True;
1250	offset = 0;
1251	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1252	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1253	while(running) {
1254		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1255		if(readin)
1256			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1257		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1258		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1259			if(errno == EINTR)
1260				continue;
1261			eprint("select failed\n");
1262		}
1263		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1264			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1265			case -1:
1266				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1267				readin = False;
1268				break;
1269			case 0:
1270				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1271				readin = False;
1272				break;
1273			default:
1274				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1275					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1276						*p = '\0';
1277						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1278						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1279						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1280						offset = r;
1281						if(r)
1282							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1283						break;
1284					}
1285				break;
1286			}
1287			drawbar();
1288		}
1289		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1290			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1291			if(handler[ev.type])
1292				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1293		}
1294	}
1295}
1296
1297void
1298scan(void) {
1299	unsigned int i, num;
1300	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1301	XWindowAttributes wa;
1302
1303	wins = NULL;
1304	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1305		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1306			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1307			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1308				continue;
1309			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1310				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1311		}
1312		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1313			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1314				continue;
1315			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1316			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1317				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1318		}
1319	}
1320	if(wins)
1321		XFree(wins);
1322}
1323
1324void
1325setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1326	long data[] = {state, None};
1327
1328	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1329			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1330}
1331
1332void
1333setup(void) {
1334	unsigned int i, w;
1335	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1336
1337	/* init screen */
1338	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1339	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1340	initfont(FONT);
1341	sx = 0;
1342	sy = 0;
1343	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1344	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1345	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1346	updategeom();
1347
1348	/* init atoms */
1349	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1350	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1351	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1352	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1353	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1354	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1355
1356	/* init cursors */
1357	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1358	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1359	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1360
1361	/* init appearance */
1362	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1363	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1364	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1365	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1366	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1367	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1368	initfont(FONT);
1369	dc.h = bh;
1370	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1371	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1372	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1373	if(!dc.font.set)
1374		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1375
1376	/* init tags */
1377	tagset[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1378	tagset[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1379	tagset[0][0] = tagset[1][0] = True;
1380
1381	/* init bar */
1382	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1383		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1384		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1385	}
1386
1387	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1388	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1389	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1390
1391	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1392			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1393			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1394	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1395	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1396	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1397	drawbar();
1398
1399	/* EWMH support per view */
1400	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1401			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1402
1403	/* select for events */
1404	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1405			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1406	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1407	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1408
1409
1410	/* grab keys */
1411	grabkeys();
1412}
1413
1414void
1415spawn(const char *arg) {
1416	static char *shell = NULL;
1417
1418	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1419		shell = "/bin/sh";
1420	if(!arg)
1421		return;
1422	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1423	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1424	if(fork() == 0) {
1425		if(fork() == 0) {
1426			if(dpy)
1427				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1428			setsid();
1429			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1430			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1431			perror(" failed");
1432		}
1433		exit(0);
1434	}
1435	wait(0);
1436}
1437
1438void
1439tag(const char *arg) {
1440	unsigned int i;
1441
1442	if(!sel)
1443		return;
1444	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1445		sel->tags[i] = (arg == NULL);
1446	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1447	arrange();
1448}
1449
1450unsigned int
1451textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1452	XRectangle r;
1453
1454	if(dc.font.set) {
1455		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1456		return r.width;
1457	}
1458	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1459}
1460
1461unsigned int
1462textw(const char *text) {
1463	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1464}
1465
1466void
1467togglebar(const char *arg) {
1468	showbar = !showbar;
1469	updategeom();
1470	updatebar();
1471	arrange();
1472}
1473
1474void
1475togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1476	if(!sel)
1477		return;
1478	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1479	if(sel->isfloating)
1480		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1481	arrange();
1482}
1483
1484void
1485togglelayout(const char *arg) {
1486	unsigned int i;
1487
1488	if(!arg) {
1489		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1490			lt = &layouts[0];
1491	}
1492	else {
1493		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1494			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1495				break;
1496		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1497			return;
1498		lt = &layouts[i];
1499	}
1500	if(sel)
1501		arrange();
1502	else
1503		drawbar();
1504}
1505
1506void
1507toggletag(const char *arg) {
1508	unsigned int i, j;
1509
1510	if(!sel)
1511		return;
1512	i = idxoftag(arg);
1513	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1514	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1515	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1516		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1517	arrange();
1518}
1519
1520void
1521toggleview(const char *arg) {
1522	unsigned int i, j;
1523
1524	i = idxoftag(arg);
1525	tagset[seltags][i] = !tagset[seltags][i];
1526	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !tagset[seltags][j]; j++);
1527	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1528		tagset[seltags][i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1529	arrange();
1530}
1531
1532void
1533unban(Client *c) {
1534	if(!c->isbanned)
1535		return;
1536	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1537	c->isbanned = False;
1538}
1539
1540void
1541unmanage(Client *c) {
1542	XWindowChanges wc;
1543
1544	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1545	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1546	XGrabServer(dpy);
1547	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1548	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1549	detach(c);
1550	detachstack(c);
1551	if(sel == c)
1552		focus(NULL);
1553	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1554	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1555	free(c->tags);
1556	free(c);
1557	XSync(dpy, False);
1558	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1559	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1560	arrange();
1561}
1562
1563void
1564unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1565	Client *c;
1566	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1567
1568	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1569		unmanage(c);
1570}
1571
1572void
1573updatebar(void) {
1574	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1575		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1576	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1577	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1578}
1579
1580void
1581updategeom(void) {
1582	unsigned int i;
1583
1584#ifdef CUSTOMGEOM /* define your own if you are Xinerama user */
1585	CUSTOMGEOM
1586#else
1587	/* bar geometry*/
1588	bx = 0;
1589	by = showbar ? (topbar ? 0 : sh - bh) : -bh;
1590	bw = sw;
1591
1592	/* window area geometry */
1593	wx = sx;
1594	wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1595	ww = sw;
1596	wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1597#endif
1598
1599	/* update layout geometries */
1600	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1601		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1602			layouts[i].updategeom();
1603}
1604
1605void
1606updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1607	long msize;
1608	XSizeHints size;
1609
1610	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1611		size.flags = PSize;
1612	c->flags = size.flags;
1613	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1614		c->basew = size.base_width;
1615		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1616	}
1617	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1618		c->basew = size.min_width;
1619		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1620	}
1621	else
1622		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1623	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1624		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1625		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1626	}
1627	else
1628		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1629	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1630		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1631		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1632	}
1633	else
1634		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1635	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1636		c->minw = size.min_width;
1637		c->minh = size.min_height;
1638	}
1639	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1640		c->minw = size.base_width;
1641		c->minh = size.base_height;
1642	}
1643	else
1644		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1645	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1646		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1647		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1648		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1649		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1650	}
1651	else
1652		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1653	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1654			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1655}
1656
1657void
1658updatetitle(Client *c) {
1659	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1660		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1661}
1662
1663void
1664updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1665	XWMHints *wmh;
1666
1667	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1668		if(c == sel)
1669			sel->isurgent = False;
1670		else
1671			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1672		XFree(wmh);
1673	}
1674}
1675
1676void
1677view(const char *arg) {
1678	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1679	memset(tagset[seltags], (NULL == arg), TAGSZ);
1680	tagset[seltags][idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1681	arrange();
1682}
1683
1684void
1685viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1686	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1687	arrange();
1688}
1689
1690/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1691 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1692 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1693int
1694xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1695	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1696	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1697	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1698	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1699	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1700	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1701	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1702	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1703	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1704		return 0;
1705	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1706			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1707	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1708}
1709
1710int
1711xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1712	return 0;
1713}
1714
1715/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1716 * is already running. */
1717int
1718xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1719	otherwm = True;
1720	return -1;
1721}
1722
1723int
1724main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1725	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1726		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1727	else if(argc != 1)
1728		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1729
1730	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1731	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1732		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1733
1734	checkotherwm();
1735	setup();
1736	scan();
1737	run();
1738	cleanup();
1739
1740	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1741	return 0;
1742}