1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55
  56/* enums */
  57enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  58enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  59enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  60enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  61
  62/* typedefs */
  63typedef unsigned int uint;
  64typedef unsigned long ulong;
  65typedef struct Client Client;
  66struct Client {
  67	char name[256];
  68	int x, y, w, h;
  69	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  70	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  71	long flags;
  72	int bw, oldbw;
  73	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  74	uint tags;
  75	Client *next;
  76	Client *prev;
  77	Client *snext;
  78	Window win;
  79};
  80
  81typedef struct {
  82	int x, y, w, h;
  83	ulong norm[ColLast];
  84	ulong sel[ColLast];
  85	Drawable drawable;
  86	GC gc;
  87	struct {
  88		int ascent;
  89		int descent;
  90		int height;
  91		XFontSet set;
  92		XFontStruct *xfont;
  93	} font;
  94} DC; /* draw context */
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	uint mod;
  98	KeySym keysym;
  99	void (*func)(const void *arg);
 100	const void *arg;
 101} Key;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *symbol;
 105	void (*arrange)(void);
 106	void (*updategeom)(void);
 107} Layout;
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	const char *class;
 111	const char *instance;
 112	const char *title;
 113	uint tags;
 114	Bool isfloating;
 115} Rule;
 116
 117/* function declarations */
 118void applyrules(Client *c);
 119void arrange(void);
 120void attach(Client *c);
 121void attachstack(Client *c);
 122void ban(Client *c);
 123void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 124void checkotherwm(void);
 125void cleanup(void);
 126void configure(Client *c);
 127void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 128void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 129void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 130void detach(Client *c);
 131void detachstack(Client *c);
 132void drawbar(void);
 133void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 134void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 135void *emallocz(uint size);
 136void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 137void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 138void expose(XEvent *e);
 139void focus(Client *c);
 140void focusin(XEvent *e);
 141void focusnext(const void *arg);
 142void focusprev(const void *arg);
 143Client *getclient(Window w);
 144ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 145long getstate(Window w);
 146Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 147void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 148void grabkeys(void);
 149void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 150Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 151Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 152Bool isurgent(uint t);
 153Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 154void keypress(XEvent *e);
 155void killclient(const void *arg);
 156void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 157void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 158void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 159void movemouse(Client *c);
 160Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 161void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 162void quit(const void *arg);
 163void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 164void resizemouse(Client *c);
 165void restack(void);
 166void run(void);
 167void scan(void);
 168void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 169void setmfact(const void *arg);
 170void setup(void);
 171void spawn(const void *arg);
 172void tag(const void *arg);
 173uint textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 174uint textw(const char *text);
 175void tile(void);
 176void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 177void togglebar(const void *arg);
 178void togglefloating(const void *arg);
 179void togglelayout(const void *arg);
 180void toggletag(const void *arg);
 181void toggleview(const void *arg);
 182void unban(Client *c);
 183void unmanage(Client *c);
 184void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 185void updatebar(void);
 186void updategeom(void);
 187void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 188void updatetilegeom(void);
 189void updatetitle(Client *c);
 190void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 191void view(const void *arg);
 192void viewprevtag(const void *arg);
 193int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 196void zoom(const void *arg);
 197
 198/* variables */
 199char stext[256];
 200int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 201int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 202int mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th;
 203uint seltags = 0;
 204int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 205uint numlockmask = 0;
 206void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 207	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 208	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 209	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 210	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 211	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 212	[Expose] = expose,
 213	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 214	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 215	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 216	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 217	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 218	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 219};
 220Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 221Bool otherwm, readin;
 222Bool running = True;
 223uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 224Client *clients = NULL;
 225Client *sel = NULL;
 226Client *stack = NULL;
 227Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 228Display *dpy;
 229DC dc = {0};
 230Layout layouts[];
 231Layout *lt = layouts;
 232Window root, barwin;
 233
 234/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 235#include "config.h"
 236
 237/* check if all tags will fit into a uint bitarray. */
 238static char tags_is_a_sign_that_your_IQ[sizeof(int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1];
 239
 240/* function implementations */
 241
 242void
 243applyrules(Client *c) {
 244	uint i;
 245	Rule *r;
 246	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 247
 248	/* rule matching */
 249	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 250	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 251		r = &rules[i];
 252		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 253		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 254		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 255			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 256			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 257		}
 258	}
 259	if(ch.res_class)
 260		XFree(ch.res_class);
 261	if(ch.res_name)
 262		XFree(ch.res_name);
 263	if(!c->tags)
 264		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 265}
 266
 267void
 268arrange(void) {
 269	Client *c;
 270
 271	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 272		if(isvisible(c)) {
 273			unban(c);
 274			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 275				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 276		}
 277		else
 278			ban(c);
 279
 280	focus(NULL);
 281	if(lt->arrange)
 282		lt->arrange();
 283	restack();
 284}
 285
 286void
 287attach(Client *c) {
 288	if(clients)
 289		clients->prev = c;
 290	c->next = clients;
 291	clients = c;
 292}
 293
 294void
 295attachstack(Client *c) {
 296	c->snext = stack;
 297	stack = c;
 298}
 299
 300void
 301ban(Client *c) {
 302	if(c->isbanned)
 303		return;
 304	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 305	c->isbanned = True;
 306}
 307
 308void
 309buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 310	uint i, x, mask;
 311	Client *c;
 312	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 313
 314	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 315		x = 0;
 316		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 317			x += textw(tags[i]);
 318			if(ev->x < x) {
 319				mask = 1 << i;
 320				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 321					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 322						tag(&mask);
 323					else
 324						view(&mask);
 325				}
 326				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 327					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 328						toggletag(&mask);
 329					else
 330						toggleview(&mask);
 331				}
 332				return;
 333			}
 334		}
 335		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 336			togglelayout(NULL);
 337	}
 338	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 339		focus(c);
 340		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 341			return;
 342		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 343			restack();
 344			movemouse(c);
 345		}
 346		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 347			togglefloating(NULL);
 348		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 349			restack();
 350			resizemouse(c);
 351		}
 352	}
 353}
 354
 355void
 356checkotherwm(void) {
 357	otherwm = False;
 358	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 359
 360	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 361	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 362	XSync(dpy, False);
 363	if(otherwm)
 364		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 365	XSync(dpy, False);
 366	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 367	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 368	XSync(dpy, False);
 369}
 370
 371void
 372cleanup(void) {
 373	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 374	while(stack) {
 375		unban(stack);
 376		unmanage(stack);
 377	}
 378	if(dc.font.set)
 379		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 380	else
 381		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 382	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 383	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 384	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 385	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 386	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 387	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 388	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 389	XSync(dpy, False);
 390	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 391}
 392
 393void
 394configure(Client *c) {
 395	XConfigureEvent ce;
 396
 397	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 398	ce.display = dpy;
 399	ce.event = c->win;
 400	ce.window = c->win;
 401	ce.x = c->x;
 402	ce.y = c->y;
 403	ce.width = c->w;
 404	ce.height = c->h;
 405	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 406	ce.above = None;
 407	ce.override_redirect = False;
 408	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 409}
 410
 411void
 412configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 413	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 414
 415	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 416		sw = ev->width;
 417		sh = ev->height;
 418		updategeom();
 419		updatebar();
 420		arrange();
 421	}
 422}
 423
 424void
 425configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 426	Client *c;
 427	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 428	XWindowChanges wc;
 429
 430	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 431		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 432			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 433		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 434			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 435				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 436			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 437				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 438			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 439				c->w = ev->width;
 440			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 441				c->h = ev->height;
 442			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 443				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 444			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 445				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 446			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 447			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 448				configure(c);
 449			if(isvisible(c))
 450				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 451		}
 452		else
 453			configure(c);
 454	}
 455	else {
 456		wc.x = ev->x;
 457		wc.y = ev->y;
 458		wc.width = ev->width;
 459		wc.height = ev->height;
 460		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 461		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 462		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 463		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 464	}
 465	XSync(dpy, False);
 466}
 467
 468void
 469destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 470	Client *c;
 471	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 472
 473	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 474		unmanage(c);
 475}
 476
 477void
 478detach(Client *c) {
 479	if(c->prev)
 480		c->prev->next = c->next;
 481	if(c->next)
 482		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 483	if(c == clients)
 484		clients = c->next;
 485	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 486}
 487
 488void
 489detachstack(Client *c) {
 490	Client **tc;
 491
 492	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 493	*tc = c->snext;
 494}
 495
 496void
 497drawbar(void) {
 498	int i, x;
 499	Client *c;
 500
 501	dc.x = 0;
 502	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 503	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 504		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 505		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 506			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 507			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 508		}
 509		else {
 510			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 511			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 512		}
 513		dc.x += dc.w;
 514	}
 515	if(blw > 0) {
 516		dc.w = blw;
 517		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 518		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 519	}
 520	else
 521		x = dc.x;
 522	dc.w = textw(stext);
 523	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 524	if(dc.x < x) {
 525		dc.x = x;
 526		dc.w = bw - x;
 527	}
 528	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 529	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 530		dc.x = x;
 531		if(c) {
 532			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 533			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 534		}
 535		else
 536			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 537	}
 538	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 539	XSync(dpy, False);
 540}
 541
 542void
 543drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 544	int x;
 545	XGCValues gcv;
 546	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 547
 548	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 549	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 550	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 551	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 552	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 553	if(filled) {
 554		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 555		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 556	}
 557	else if(empty) {
 558		r.width = r.height = x;
 559		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 560	}
 561}
 562
 563void
 564drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 565	int x, y, w, h;
 566	uint len, olen;
 567	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 568	char buf[256];
 569
 570	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 571	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 572	if(!text)
 573		return;
 574	olen = strlen(text);
 575	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 576	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 577	w = 0;
 578	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 579	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 580	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 581	/* shorten text if necessary */
 582	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 583	if(!len)
 584		return;
 585	if(len < olen) {
 586		if(len > 1)
 587			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 588		if(len > 2)
 589			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 590		if(len > 3)
 591			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 592	}
 593	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 594	if(dc.font.set)
 595		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 596	else
 597		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 598}
 599
 600void *
 601emallocz(uint size) {
 602	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 603
 604	if(!res)
 605		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 606	return res;
 607}
 608
 609void
 610enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 611	Client *c;
 612	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 613
 614	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 615		return;
 616	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 617		focus(c);
 618	else
 619		focus(NULL);
 620}
 621
 622void
 623eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 624	va_list ap;
 625
 626	va_start(ap, errstr);
 627	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 628	va_end(ap);
 629	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 630}
 631
 632void
 633expose(XEvent *e) {
 634	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 635
 636	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 637		drawbar();
 638}
 639
 640void
 641focus(Client *c) {
 642	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 643		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 644	if(sel && sel != c) {
 645		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 646		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 647	}
 648	if(c) {
 649		detachstack(c);
 650		attachstack(c);
 651		grabbuttons(c, True);
 652	}
 653	sel = c;
 654	if(c) {
 655		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 656		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 657	}
 658	else
 659		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 660	drawbar();
 661}
 662
 663void
 664focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 665	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 666
 667	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 668		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 669}
 670
 671void
 672focusnext(const void *arg) {
 673	Client *c;
 674
 675	if(!sel)
 676		return;
 677	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 678	if(!c)
 679		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 680	if(c) {
 681		focus(c);
 682		restack();
 683	}
 684}
 685
 686void
 687focusprev(const void *arg) {
 688	Client *c;
 689
 690	if(!sel)
 691		return;
 692	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 693	if(!c) {
 694		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 695		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 696	}
 697	if(c) {
 698		focus(c);
 699		restack();
 700	}
 701}
 702
 703Client *
 704getclient(Window w) {
 705	Client *c;
 706
 707	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 708	return c;
 709}
 710
 711ulong
 712getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 713	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 714	XColor color;
 715
 716	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 717		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 718	return color.pixel;
 719}
 720
 721long
 722getstate(Window w) {
 723	int format, status;
 724	long result = -1;
 725	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 726	ulong n, extra;
 727	Atom real;
 728
 729	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 730			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 731	if(status != Success)
 732		return -1;
 733	if(n != 0)
 734		result = *p;
 735	XFree(p);
 736	return result;
 737}
 738
 739Bool
 740gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 741	char **list = NULL;
 742	int n;
 743	XTextProperty name;
 744
 745	if(!text || size == 0)
 746		return False;
 747	text[0] = '\0';
 748	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 749	if(!name.nitems)
 750		return False;
 751	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 752		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 753	else {
 754		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 755		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 756			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 757			XFreeStringList(list);
 758		}
 759	}
 760	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 761	XFree(name.value);
 762	return True;
 763}
 764
 765void
 766grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 767	int i, j;
 768	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 769	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 770				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 771
 772	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 773	if(focused)
 774		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 775			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 776				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 777					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 778	else
 779		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 780			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 781}
 782
 783void
 784grabkeys(void) {
 785	uint i, j;
 786	KeyCode code;
 787	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 788
 789	/* init modifier map */
 790	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 791	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 792		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 793			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 794				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 795		}
 796	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 797
 798	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 799	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 800		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 801		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 802				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 803		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 804				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 805		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 806				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 807		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 808				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 809	}
 810}
 811
 812void
 813initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 814	char *def, **missing;
 815	int i, n;
 816
 817	missing = NULL;
 818	if(dc.font.set)
 819		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 820	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 821	if(missing) {
 822		while(n--)
 823			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 824		XFreeStringList(missing);
 825	}
 826	if(dc.font.set) {
 827		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 828		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 829		char **font_names;
 830		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 831		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 832		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 833		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 834			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 835			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 836			xfonts++;
 837		}
 838	}
 839	else {
 840		if(dc.font.xfont)
 841			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 842		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 843		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 844		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 845			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 846		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 847		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 848	}
 849	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 850}
 851
 852Bool
 853isoccupied(uint t) {
 854	Client *c;
 855
 856	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 857		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 858			return True;
 859	return False;
 860}
 861
 862Bool
 863isprotodel(Client *c) {
 864	int i, n;
 865	Atom *protocols;
 866	Bool ret = False;
 867
 868	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 869		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 870			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 871				ret = True;
 872		XFree(protocols);
 873	}
 874	return ret;
 875}
 876
 877Bool
 878isurgent(uint t) {
 879	Client *c;
 880
 881	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 882		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 883			return True;
 884	return False;
 885}
 886
 887Bool
 888isvisible(Client *c) {
 889	return c->tags & tagset[seltags];
 890}
 891
 892void
 893keypress(XEvent *e) {
 894	uint i;
 895	KeySym keysym;
 896	XKeyEvent *ev;
 897
 898	ev = &e->xkey;
 899	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 900	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 901		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 902		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 903		{
 904			if(keys[i].func)
 905				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 906		}
 907}
 908
 909void
 910killclient(const void *arg) {
 911	XEvent ev;
 912
 913	if(!sel)
 914		return;
 915	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 916		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 917		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 918		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 919		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 920		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 921		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 922		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 923	}
 924	else
 925		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 926}
 927
 928void
 929manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 930	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 931	Status rettrans;
 932	Window trans;
 933	XWindowChanges wc;
 934
 935	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 936	c->win = w;
 937
 938	/* geometry */
 939	c->x = wa->x;
 940	c->y = wa->y;
 941	c->w = wa->width;
 942	c->h = wa->height;
 943	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 944	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 945		c->x = sx;
 946		c->y = sy;
 947		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 948	}
 949	else {
 950		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 951			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 952		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 953			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 954		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 955		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 956		c->bw = borderpx;
 957	}
 958
 959	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 960	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 961	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 962	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 963	updatesizehints(c);
 964	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 965	grabbuttons(c, False);
 966	updatetitle(c);
 967	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 968		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 969	if(t)
 970		c->tags = t->tags;
 971	else
 972		applyrules(c);
 973	if(!c->isfloating)
 974		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 975	attach(c);
 976	attachstack(c);
 977	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 978	ban(c);
 979	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 980	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 981	arrange();
 982}
 983
 984void
 985mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 986	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 987
 988	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 989	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 990		grabkeys();
 991}
 992
 993void
 994maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 995	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 996	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 997
 998	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 999		return;
1000	if(wa.override_redirect)
1001		return;
1002	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1003		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1004}
1005
1006void
1007movemouse(Client *c) {
1008	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1009	uint dui;
1010	Window dummy;
1011	XEvent ev;
1012
1013	ocx = nx = c->x;
1014	ocy = ny = c->y;
1015	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1016	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1017		return;
1018	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1019	for(;;) {
1020		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1021		switch (ev.type) {
1022		case ButtonRelease:
1023			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1024			return;
1025		case ConfigureRequest:
1026		case Expose:
1027		case MapRequest:
1028			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1029			break;
1030		case MotionNotify:
1031			XSync(dpy, False);
1032			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1033			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1034			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1035			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1036				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1037					nx = wx;
1038				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1039					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1040				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1041					ny = wy;
1042				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1043					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1044				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1045					togglefloating(NULL);
1046			}
1047			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1048				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1049			break;
1050		}
1051	}
1052}
1053
1054Client *
1055nexttiled(Client *c) {
1056	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1057	return c;
1058}
1059
1060void
1061propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1062	Client *c;
1063	Window trans;
1064	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1065
1066	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1067		return; /* ignore */
1068	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1069		switch (ev->atom) {
1070		default: break;
1071		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1072			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1073			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1074				arrange();
1075			break;
1076		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1077			updatesizehints(c);
1078			break;
1079		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1080			updatewmhints(c);
1081			drawbar();
1082			break;
1083		}
1084		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1085			updatetitle(c);
1086			if(c == sel)
1087				drawbar();
1088		}
1089	}
1090}
1091
1092void
1093quit(const void *arg) {
1094	readin = running = False;
1095}
1096
1097void
1098resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1099	XWindowChanges wc;
1100
1101	if(sizehints) {
1102		/* set minimum possible */
1103		w = MAX(1, w);
1104		h = MAX(1, h);
1105
1106		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1107		w -= c->basew;
1108		h -= c->baseh;
1109
1110		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1111		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1112		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1113			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1114				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1115			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1116				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1117		}
1118
1119		/* adjust for increment value */
1120		if(c->incw)
1121			w -= w % c->incw;
1122		if(c->inch)
1123			h -= h % c->inch;
1124
1125		/* restore base dimensions */
1126		w += c->basew;
1127		h += c->baseh;
1128
1129		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1130		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1131		
1132		if (c->maxw)
1133			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1134
1135		if (c->maxh)
1136			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1137	}
1138	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1139		return;
1140	if(x > sx + sw)
1141		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1142	if(y > sy + sh)
1143		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1144	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1145		x = sx;
1146	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1147		y = sy;
1148	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1149		c->x = wc.x = x;
1150		c->y = wc.y = y;
1151		c->w = wc.width = w;
1152		c->h = wc.height = h;
1153		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1154		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1155				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1156		configure(c);
1157		XSync(dpy, False);
1158	}
1159}
1160
1161void
1162resizemouse(Client *c) {
1163	int ocx, ocy;
1164	int nw, nh;
1165	XEvent ev;
1166
1167	ocx = c->x;
1168	ocy = c->y;
1169	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1170	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1171		return;
1172	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1173	for(;;) {
1174		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1175		switch(ev.type) {
1176		case ButtonRelease:
1177			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1178					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1179			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1180			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1181			return;
1182		case ConfigureRequest:
1183		case Expose:
1184		case MapRequest:
1185			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1186			break;
1187		case MotionNotify:
1188			XSync(dpy, False);
1189			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1190			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1191
1192			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1193			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1194				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1195				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1196					togglefloating(NULL);
1197			}
1198			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1199				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1200			break;
1201		}
1202	}
1203}
1204
1205void
1206restack(void) {
1207	Client *c;
1208	XEvent ev;
1209	XWindowChanges wc;
1210
1211	drawbar();
1212	if(!sel)
1213		return;
1214	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1215		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1216	if(lt->arrange) {
1217		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1218		wc.sibling = barwin;
1219		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1220			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c)) {
1221				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1222				wc.sibling = c->win;
1223			}
1224	}
1225	XSync(dpy, False);
1226	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1227}
1228
1229void
1230run(void) {
1231	char *p;
1232	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1233	fd_set rd;
1234	int r, xfd;
1235	uint len, offset;
1236	XEvent ev;
1237
1238	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1239	XSync(dpy, False);
1240	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1241	readin = True;
1242	offset = 0;
1243	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1244	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1245	while(running) {
1246		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1247		if(readin)
1248			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1249		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1250		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1251			if(errno == EINTR)
1252				continue;
1253			eprint("select failed\n");
1254		}
1255		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1256			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1257			case -1:
1258				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1259				readin = False;
1260				break;
1261			case 0:
1262				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1263				readin = False;
1264				break;
1265			default:
1266				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1267					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1268						*p = '\0';
1269						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1270						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1271						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1272						offset = r;
1273						if(r)
1274							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1275						break;
1276					}
1277				break;
1278			}
1279			drawbar();
1280		}
1281		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1282			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1283			if(handler[ev.type])
1284				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1285		}
1286	}
1287}
1288
1289void
1290scan(void) {
1291	uint i, num;
1292	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1293	XWindowAttributes wa;
1294
1295	wins = NULL;
1296	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1297		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1298			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1299			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1300				continue;
1301			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1302				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1303		}
1304		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1305			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1306				continue;
1307			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1308			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1309				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1310		}
1311	}
1312	if(wins)
1313		XFree(wins);
1314}
1315
1316void
1317setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1318	long data[] = {state, None};
1319
1320	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1321			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1322}
1323
1324/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1325void
1326setmfact(const void *arg) {
1327	double d = *((double*) arg);
1328
1329	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1330		return;
1331	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1332	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1333		return;
1334	mfact = d;
1335	updatetilegeom();
1336	arrange();
1337}
1338
1339void
1340setup(void) {
1341	uint i, w;
1342	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1343
1344	/* init screen */
1345	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1346	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1347	initfont(FONT);
1348	sx = 0;
1349	sy = 0;
1350	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1351	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1352	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1353	updategeom();
1354
1355	/* init atoms */
1356	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1357	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1358	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1359	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1360	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1361	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1362
1363	/* init cursors */
1364	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1365	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1366	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1367
1368	/* init appearance */
1369	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1370	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1371	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1372	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1373	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1374	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1375	initfont(FONT);
1376	dc.h = bh;
1377	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1378	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1379	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1380	if(!dc.font.set)
1381		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1382
1383	/* init bar */
1384	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1385		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1386		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1387	}
1388
1389	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1390	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1391	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1392
1393	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1394			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1395			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1396	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1397	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1398	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1399	drawbar();
1400
1401	/* EWMH support per view */
1402	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1403			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1404
1405	/* select for events */
1406	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1407			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1408	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1409	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1410
1411
1412	/* grab keys */
1413	grabkeys();
1414}
1415
1416void
1417spawn(const void *arg) {
1418	static char *shell = NULL;
1419
1420	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1421		shell = "/bin/sh";
1422	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1423	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1424	if(fork() == 0) {
1425		if(fork() == 0) {
1426			if(dpy)
1427				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1428			setsid();
1429			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1430			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1431			perror(" failed");
1432		}
1433		exit(0);
1434	}
1435	wait(0);
1436}
1437
1438void
1439tag(const void *arg) {
1440	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1441		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1442		arrange();
1443	}
1444}
1445
1446uint
1447textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1448	XRectangle r;
1449
1450	if(dc.font.set) {
1451		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1452		return r.width;
1453	}
1454	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1455}
1456
1457uint
1458textw(const char *text) {
1459	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1460}
1461
1462void
1463tile(void) {
1464	int x, y, h, w;
1465	uint i, n;
1466	Client *c;
1467
1468	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1469	if(n == 0)
1470		return;
1471
1472	/* master */
1473	c = nexttiled(clients);
1474
1475	if(n == 1)
1476		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1477	else
1478		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1479
1480	if(--n == 0)
1481		return;
1482
1483	/* tile stack */
1484	x = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : tw;
1485	y = ty;
1486	w = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : tw;
1487	h = th / n;
1488	if(h < bh)
1489		h = th;
1490
1491	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1492		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1493			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1494		else
1495			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1496		if(h != th)
1497			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1498	}
1499}
1500
1501void
1502tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1503	resize(c, x, y, w, h, resizehints);
1504	if(resizehints && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1505		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1506		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1507}
1508
1509void
1510togglebar(const void *arg) {
1511	showbar = !showbar;
1512	updategeom();
1513	updatebar();
1514	arrange();
1515}
1516
1517void
1518togglefloating(const void *arg) {
1519	if(!sel)
1520		return;
1521	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1522	if(sel->isfloating)
1523		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1524	arrange();
1525}
1526
1527void
1528togglelayout(const void *arg) {
1529	uint i;
1530
1531	if(!arg) {
1532		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1533			lt = &layouts[0];
1534	}
1535	else {
1536		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1537			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1538				break;
1539		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1540			return;
1541		lt = &layouts[i];
1542	}
1543	if(sel)
1544		arrange();
1545	else
1546		drawbar();
1547}
1548
1549void
1550toggletag(const void *arg) {
1551	int i, m = *(int *)arg;
1552	for(i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++)
1553		fputc(m & 1 << i ? '1' : '0', stdout);
1554	puts("");
1555	for(i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++)
1556		fputc(TAGMASK & 1 << i ? '1' : '0', stdout);
1557	puts("aaa");
1558
1559	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1560		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1561		arrange();
1562	}
1563}
1564
1565void
1566toggleview(const void *arg) {
1567	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1568		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1569		arrange();
1570	}
1571}
1572
1573void
1574unban(Client *c) {
1575	if(!c->isbanned)
1576		return;
1577	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1578	c->isbanned = False;
1579}
1580
1581void
1582unmanage(Client *c) {
1583	XWindowChanges wc;
1584
1585	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1586	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1587	XGrabServer(dpy);
1588	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1589	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1590	detach(c);
1591	detachstack(c);
1592	if(sel == c)
1593		focus(NULL);
1594	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1595	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1596	free(c);
1597	XSync(dpy, False);
1598	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1599	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1600	arrange();
1601}
1602
1603void
1604unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1605	Client *c;
1606	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1607
1608	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1609		unmanage(c);
1610}
1611
1612void
1613updatebar(void) {
1614	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1615		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1616	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1617	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1618}
1619
1620void
1621updategeom(void) {
1622	int i;
1623#ifdef XINERAMA
1624	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1625
1626	/* window area geometry */
1627	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1628		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1629		wx = info[0].x_org;
1630		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1631		ww = info[0].width;
1632		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1633		XFree(info);
1634	}
1635	else
1636#endif
1637	{
1638		wx = sx;
1639		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1640		ww = sw;
1641		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1642	}
1643
1644	/* bar geometry */
1645	bx = wx;
1646	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1647	bw = ww;
1648
1649	/* update layout geometries */
1650	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1651		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1652			layouts[i].updategeom();
1653}
1654
1655void
1656updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1657	long msize;
1658	XSizeHints size;
1659
1660	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1661		size.flags = PSize;
1662	c->flags = size.flags;
1663	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1664		c->basew = size.base_width;
1665		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1666	}
1667	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1668		c->basew = size.min_width;
1669		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1670	}
1671	else
1672		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1673	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1674		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1675		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1676	}
1677	else
1678		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1679	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1680		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1681		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1682	}
1683	else
1684		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1685	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1686		c->minw = size.min_width;
1687		c->minh = size.min_height;
1688	}
1689	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1690		c->minw = size.base_width;
1691		c->minh = size.base_height;
1692	}
1693	else
1694		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1695	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1696		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1697		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1698		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1699		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1700	}
1701	else
1702		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1703	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1704			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1705}
1706
1707void
1708updatetilegeom(void) {
1709	/* master area geometry */
1710	mx = wx;
1711	my = wy;
1712	mw = mfact * ww;
1713	mh = wh;
1714
1715	/* tile area geometry */
1716	tx = mx + mw;
1717	ty = wy;
1718	tw = ww - mw;
1719	th = wh;
1720}
1721
1722void
1723updatetitle(Client *c) {
1724	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1725		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1726}
1727
1728void
1729updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1730	XWMHints *wmh;
1731
1732	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1733		if(c == sel)
1734			sel->isurgent = False;
1735		else
1736			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1737		XFree(wmh);
1738	}
1739}
1740
1741void
1742view(const void *arg) {
1743	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1744		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1745		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1746		arrange();
1747	}
1748}
1749
1750void
1751viewprevtag(const void *arg) {
1752	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1753	arrange();
1754}
1755
1756/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1757 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1758 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1759int
1760xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1761	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1762	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1763	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1764	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1765	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1766	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1767	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1768	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1769	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1770		return 0;
1771	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1772			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1773	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1774}
1775
1776int
1777xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1778	return 0;
1779}
1780
1781/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1782 * is already running. */
1783int
1784xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1785	otherwm = True;
1786	return -1;
1787}
1788
1789void
1790zoom(const void *arg) {
1791	Client *c = sel;
1792
1793	if(!lt->arrange || sel->isfloating)
1794		return;
1795	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1796		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1797			return;
1798	detach(c);
1799	attach(c);
1800	focus(c);
1801	arrange();
1802}
1803
1804int
1805main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1806	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1807		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1808	else if(argc != 1)
1809		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1810
1811	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1812	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1813		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1814
1815	checkotherwm();
1816	setup();
1817	scan();
1818	run();
1819	cleanup();
1820
1821	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1822	return 0;
1823}