1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define MAX(a, b)	((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  45#define MIN(a, b)	((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  46#define BUTTONMASK	(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  47#define CLEANMASK(mask)	(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  48#define LENGTH(x)	(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAXTAGLEN	16
  50#define MOUSEMASK	(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  51
  52/* enums */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  64	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  65	long flags;
  66	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  67	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  68	Bool *tags;
  69	Client *next;
  70	Client *prev;
  71	Client *snext;
  72	Window win;
  73};
  74
  75typedef struct {
  76	int x, y, w, h;
  77	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  78	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  79	Drawable drawable;
  80	GC gc;
  81	struct {
  82		int ascent;
  83		int descent;
  84		int height;
  85		XFontSet set;
  86		XFontStruct *xfont;
  87	} font;
  88} DC; /* draw context */
  89
  90typedef struct {
  91	unsigned long mod;
  92	KeySym keysym;
  93	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  94	const char *arg;
  95} Key;
  96
  97typedef struct {
  98	const char *symbol;
  99	void (*arrange)(void);
 100	void (*updategeom)(void);
 101} Layout;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *class;
 105	const char *instance;
 106	const char *title;
 107	const char *tag;
 108	Bool isfloating;
 109} Rule;
 110
 111/* function declarations */
 112void applyrules(Client *c);
 113void arrange(void);
 114void attach(Client *c);
 115void attachstack(Client *c);
 116void ban(Client *c);
 117void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 118void checkotherwm(void);
 119void cleanup(void);
 120void configure(Client *c);
 121void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 122void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 123void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 124void detach(Client *c);
 125void detachstack(Client *c);
 126void drawbar(void);
 127void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 128void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 129void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 130void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 131void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 132void expose(XEvent *e);
 133void focus(Client *c);
 134void focusin(XEvent *e);
 135void focusnext(const char *arg);
 136void focusprev(const char *arg);
 137Client *getclient(Window w);
 138unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 139long getstate(Window w);
 140Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 141void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 142void grabkeys(void);
 143unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 144void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 145Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 146Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 147Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 148Bool isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp);
 149void keypress(XEvent *e);
 150void killclient(const char *arg);
 151void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 152void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 153void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 154void monocle(void);
 155void movemouse(Client *c);
 156Client *nextunfloating(Client *c);
 157void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 158void quit(const char *arg);
 159void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 160void resizemouse(Client *c);
 161void restack(void);
 162void run(void);
 163void scan(void);
 164void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 165void setup(void);
 166void spawn(const char *arg);
 167void tag(const char *arg);
 168unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 169unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 170void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 171void togglelayout(const char *arg);
 172void toggletag(const char *arg);
 173void toggleview(const char *arg);
 174void unban(Client *c);
 175void unmanage(Client *c);
 176void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 177void updatebar(void);
 178void updategeom(void);
 179void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 180void updatetitle(Client *c);
 181void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 182void view(const char *arg);
 183void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 184int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 185int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 186int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 187void zoom(const char *arg);
 188
 189/* variables */
 190char stext[256];
 191int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 192int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 193int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 194int seltags = 0;
 195unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 196void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 197	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 198	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 199	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 200	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 201	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 202	[Expose] = expose,
 203	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 204	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 205	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 206	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 207	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 208	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 209};
 210Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 211Bool otherwm, readin;
 212Bool running = True;
 213Bool *tagset[2];
 214Client *clients = NULL;
 215Client *sel = NULL;
 216Client *stack = NULL;
 217Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 218Display *dpy;
 219DC dc = {0};
 220Layout layouts[];
 221Layout *lt = layouts;
 222Window root, barwin;
 223
 224/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 225#include "config.h"
 226#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 227
 228/* function implementations */
 229
 230void
 231applyrules(Client *c) {
 232	unsigned int i;
 233	Bool matched = False;
 234	Rule *r;
 235	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 236
 237	/* rule matching */
 238	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 239	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 240		r = &rules[i];
 241		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 242		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 243		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 244			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 245			if(r->tag) {
 246				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 247				matched = True;
 248			}
 249		}
 250	}
 251	if(ch.res_class)
 252		XFree(ch.res_class);
 253	if(ch.res_name)
 254		XFree(ch.res_name);
 255	if(!matched)
 256		memcpy(c->tags, tagset[seltags], TAGSZ);
 257}
 258
 259void
 260arrange(void) {
 261	Client *c;
 262
 263	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 264		if(isvisible(c, NULL)) {
 265			unban(c);
 266			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 267				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 268		}
 269		else
 270			ban(c);
 271
 272	focus(NULL);
 273	if(lt->arrange)
 274		lt->arrange();
 275	restack();
 276}
 277
 278void
 279attach(Client *c) {
 280	if(clients)
 281		clients->prev = c;
 282	c->next = clients;
 283	clients = c;
 284}
 285
 286void
 287attachstack(Client *c) {
 288	c->snext = stack;
 289	stack = c;
 290}
 291
 292void
 293ban(Client *c) {
 294	if(c->isbanned)
 295		return;
 296	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 297	c->isbanned = True;
 298}
 299
 300void
 301buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 302	unsigned int i, x;
 303	Client *c;
 304	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 305
 306	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 307		x = 0;
 308		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 309			x += textw(tags[i]);
 310			if(ev->x < x) {
 311				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 312					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 313						tag(tags[i]);
 314					else
 315						view(tags[i]);
 316				}
 317				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 318					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 319						toggletag(tags[i]);
 320					else
 321						toggleview(tags[i]);
 322				}
 323				return;
 324			}
 325		}
 326		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 327			togglelayout(NULL);
 328	}
 329	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 330		focus(c);
 331		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 332			return;
 333		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 334			restack();
 335			movemouse(c);
 336		}
 337		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 338			if(lt->arrange && c->isfloating)
 339				togglefloating(NULL);
 340			else
 341				zoom(NULL);
 342		}
 343		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 344			restack();
 345			resizemouse(c);
 346		}
 347	}
 348}
 349
 350void
 351checkotherwm(void) {
 352	otherwm = False;
 353	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 354
 355	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 356	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 357	XSync(dpy, False);
 358	if(otherwm)
 359		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 360	XSync(dpy, False);
 361	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 362	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 363	XSync(dpy, False);
 364}
 365
 366void
 367cleanup(void) {
 368	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 369	while(stack) {
 370		unban(stack);
 371		unmanage(stack);
 372	}
 373	if(dc.font.set)
 374		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 375	else
 376		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 377	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 378	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 379	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 380	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 381	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 382	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 383	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 384	XSync(dpy, False);
 385	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 386}
 387
 388void
 389configure(Client *c) {
 390	XConfigureEvent ce;
 391
 392	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 393	ce.display = dpy;
 394	ce.event = c->win;
 395	ce.window = c->win;
 396	ce.x = c->x;
 397	ce.y = c->y;
 398	ce.width = c->w;
 399	ce.height = c->h;
 400	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 401	ce.above = None;
 402	ce.override_redirect = False;
 403	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 404}
 405
 406void
 407configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 408	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 409
 410	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 411		sw = ev->width;
 412		sh = ev->height;
 413		updategeom();
 414		updatebar();
 415		arrange();
 416	}
 417}
 418
 419void
 420configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 421	Client *c;
 422	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 423	XWindowChanges wc;
 424
 425	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 426		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 427			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 428		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 429			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 430				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 431			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 432				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 433			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 434				c->w = ev->width;
 435			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 436				c->h = ev->height;
 437			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 438				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 439			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 440				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 441			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 442			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 443				configure(c);
 444			if(isvisible(c, NULL))
 445				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 446		}
 447		else
 448			configure(c);
 449	}
 450	else {
 451		wc.x = ev->x;
 452		wc.y = ev->y;
 453		wc.width = ev->width;
 454		wc.height = ev->height;
 455		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 456		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 457		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 458		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 459	}
 460	XSync(dpy, False);
 461}
 462
 463void
 464destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 465	Client *c;
 466	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 467
 468	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 469		unmanage(c);
 470}
 471
 472void
 473detach(Client *c) {
 474	if(c->prev)
 475		c->prev->next = c->next;
 476	if(c->next)
 477		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 478	if(c == clients)
 479		clients = c->next;
 480	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 481}
 482
 483void
 484detachstack(Client *c) {
 485	Client **tc;
 486
 487	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 488	*tc = c->snext;
 489}
 490
 491void
 492drawbar(void) {
 493	int i, x;
 494	Client *c;
 495
 496	dc.x = 0;
 497	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 498	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 499		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 500		if(tagset[seltags][i]) {
 501			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 502			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 503		}
 504		else {
 505			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 506			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 507		}
 508		dc.x += dc.w;
 509	}
 510	if(blw > 0) {
 511		dc.w = blw;
 512		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 513		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 514	}
 515	else
 516		x = dc.x;
 517	dc.w = textw(stext);
 518	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 519	if(dc.x < x) {
 520		dc.x = x;
 521		dc.w = bw - x;
 522	}
 523	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 524	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 525		dc.x = x;
 526		if(c) {
 527			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 528			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 529		}
 530		else
 531			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 532	}
 533	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 534	XSync(dpy, False);
 535}
 536
 537void
 538drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 539	int x;
 540	XGCValues gcv;
 541	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 542
 543	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 544	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 545	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 546	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 547	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 548	if(filled) {
 549		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 550		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 551	}
 552	else if(empty) {
 553		r.width = r.height = x;
 554		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 555	}
 556}
 557
 558void
 559drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 560	int x, y, w, h;
 561	unsigned int len, olen;
 562	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 563	char buf[256];
 564
 565	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 566	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 567	if(!text)
 568		return;
 569	olen = strlen(text);
 570	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 571	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 572	w = 0;
 573	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 574	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 575	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 576	/* shorten text if necessary */
 577	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 578	if(!len)
 579		return;
 580	if(len < olen) {
 581		if(len > 1)
 582			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 583		if(len > 2)
 584			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 585		if(len > 3)
 586			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 587	}
 588	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 589	if(dc.font.set)
 590		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 591	else
 592		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 593}
 594
 595void *
 596emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 597	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 598
 599	if(!res)
 600		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 601	return res;
 602}
 603
 604void
 605enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 606	Client *c;
 607	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 608
 609	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 610		return;
 611	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 612		focus(c);
 613	else
 614		focus(NULL);
 615}
 616
 617void
 618eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 619	va_list ap;
 620
 621	va_start(ap, errstr);
 622	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 623	va_end(ap);
 624	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 625}
 626
 627void
 628expose(XEvent *e) {
 629	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 630
 631	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 632		drawbar();
 633}
 634
 635void
 636focus(Client *c) {
 637	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c, NULL)))
 638		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c, NULL); c = c->snext);
 639	if(sel && sel != c) {
 640		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 641		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 642	}
 643	if(c) {
 644		detachstack(c);
 645		attachstack(c);
 646		grabbuttons(c, True);
 647	}
 648	sel = c;
 649	if(c) {
 650		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 651		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 652	}
 653	else
 654		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 655	drawbar();
 656}
 657
 658void
 659focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 660	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 661
 662	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 663		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 664}
 665
 666void
 667focusnext(const char *arg) {
 668	Client *c;
 669
 670	if(!sel)
 671		return;
 672	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 673	if(!c)
 674		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->next);
 675	if(c) {
 676		focus(c);
 677		restack();
 678	}
 679}
 680
 681void
 682focusprev(const char *arg) {
 683	Client *c;
 684
 685	if(!sel)
 686		return;
 687	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 688	if(!c) {
 689		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 690		for(; c && !isvisible(c, arg ? sel->tags : NULL); c = c->prev);
 691	}
 692	if(c) {
 693		focus(c);
 694		restack();
 695	}
 696}
 697
 698Client *
 699getclient(Window w) {
 700	Client *c;
 701
 702	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 703	return c;
 704}
 705
 706unsigned long
 707getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 708	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 709	XColor color;
 710
 711	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 712		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 713	return color.pixel;
 714}
 715
 716long
 717getstate(Window w) {
 718	int format, status;
 719	long result = -1;
 720	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 721	unsigned long n, extra;
 722	Atom real;
 723
 724	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 725			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 726	if(status != Success)
 727		return -1;
 728	if(n != 0)
 729		result = *p;
 730	XFree(p);
 731	return result;
 732}
 733
 734Bool
 735gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 736	char **list = NULL;
 737	int n;
 738	XTextProperty name;
 739
 740	if(!text || size == 0)
 741		return False;
 742	text[0] = '\0';
 743	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 744	if(!name.nitems)
 745		return False;
 746	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 747		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 748	else {
 749		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 750		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 751			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 752			XFreeStringList(list);
 753		}
 754	}
 755	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 756	XFree(name.value);
 757	return True;
 758}
 759
 760void
 761grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 762	int i, j;
 763	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 764	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 765				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 766
 767	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 768	if(focused)
 769		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 770			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 771				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 772					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 773	else
 774		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 775			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 776}
 777
 778void
 779grabkeys(void) {
 780	unsigned int i, j;
 781	KeyCode code;
 782	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 783
 784	/* init modifier map */
 785	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 786	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 787		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 788			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 789				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 790		}
 791	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 792
 793	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 794	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 795		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 796		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 797				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 798		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 799				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 800		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 801				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 802		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 804	}
 805}
 806
 807unsigned int
 808idxoftag(const char *t) {
 809	unsigned int i;
 810
 811	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 812	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 813}
 814
 815void
 816initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 817	char *def, **missing;
 818	int i, n;
 819
 820	missing = NULL;
 821	if(dc.font.set)
 822		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 823	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 824	if(missing) {
 825		while(n--)
 826			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 827		XFreeStringList(missing);
 828	}
 829	if(dc.font.set) {
 830		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 831		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 832		char **font_names;
 833		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 834		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 835		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 836		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 837			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 838			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 839			xfonts++;
 840		}
 841	}
 842	else {
 843		if(dc.font.xfont)
 844			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 845		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 846		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 847		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 848			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 849		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 850		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 851	}
 852	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 853}
 854
 855Bool
 856isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 857	Client *c;
 858
 859	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 860		if(c->tags[t])
 861			return True;
 862	return False;
 863}
 864
 865Bool
 866isprotodel(Client *c) {
 867	int i, n;
 868	Atom *protocols;
 869	Bool ret = False;
 870
 871	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 872		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 873			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 874				ret = True;
 875		XFree(protocols);
 876	}
 877	return ret;
 878}
 879
 880Bool
 881isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 882	Client *c;
 883
 884	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 885		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 886			return True;
 887	return False;
 888}
 889
 890Bool
 891isvisible(Client *c, Bool *cmp) {
 892	unsigned int i;
 893
 894	if(!cmp)
 895		cmp = tagset[seltags];
 896	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 897		if(c->tags[i] && cmp[i])
 898			return True;
 899	return False;
 900}
 901
 902void
 903keypress(XEvent *e) {
 904	unsigned int i;
 905	KeySym keysym;
 906	XKeyEvent *ev;
 907
 908	ev = &e->xkey;
 909	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 910	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 911		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 912		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 913		{
 914			if(keys[i].func)
 915				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 916		}
 917}
 918
 919void
 920killclient(const char *arg) {
 921	XEvent ev;
 922
 923	if(!sel)
 924		return;
 925	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 926		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 927		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 928		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 929		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 930		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 931		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 932		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 933	}
 934	else
 935		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 936}
 937
 938void
 939manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 940	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 941	Status rettrans;
 942	Window trans;
 943	XWindowChanges wc;
 944
 945	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 946	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 947	c->win = w;
 948
 949	/* geometry */
 950	c->x = wa->x;
 951	c->y = wa->y;
 952	c->w = wa->width;
 953	c->h = wa->height;
 954	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 955	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 956		c->x = sx;
 957		c->y = sy;
 958		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 959	}
 960	else {
 961		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
 962			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 963		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
 964			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 965		c->x = MAX(c->x, wx);
 966		c->y = MAX(c->y, wy);
 967		c->bw = BORDERPX;
 968	}
 969
 970	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 971	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 972	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 973	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 974	updatesizehints(c);
 975	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 976	grabbuttons(c, False);
 977	updatetitle(c);
 978	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 979		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 980	if(t)
 981		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
 982	else
 983		applyrules(c);
 984	if(!c->isfloating)
 985		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 986	attach(c);
 987	attachstack(c);
 988	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 989	ban(c);
 990	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 991	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 992	arrange();
 993}
 994
 995void
 996mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 997	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 998
 999	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1000	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1001		grabkeys();
1002}
1003
1004void
1005maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1006	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1007	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1008
1009	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1010		return;
1011	if(wa.override_redirect)
1012		return;
1013	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1014		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1015}
1016
1017void
1018monocle(void) {
1019	Client *c;
1020
1021	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1022		if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c, NULL))
1023			resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1024}
1025
1026void
1027movemouse(Client *c) {
1028	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1029	unsigned int dui;
1030	Window dummy;
1031	XEvent ev;
1032
1033	ocx = nx = c->x;
1034	ocy = ny = c->y;
1035	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1036	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1037		return;
1038	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1039	for(;;) {
1040		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1041		switch (ev.type) {
1042		case ButtonRelease:
1043			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1044			return;
1045		case ConfigureRequest:
1046		case Expose:
1047		case MapRequest:
1048			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1049			break;
1050		case MotionNotify:
1051			XSync(dpy, False);
1052			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1053			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1054			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1055				nx = wx;
1056			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1057				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1058			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1059				ny = wy;
1060			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1061				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1062			if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1063				togglefloating(NULL);
1064			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1065				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1066			break;
1067		}
1068	}
1069}
1070
1071Client *
1072nextunfloating(Client *c) {
1073	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c, NULL)); c = c->next);
1074	return c;
1075}
1076
1077void
1078propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1079	Client *c;
1080	Window trans;
1081	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1082
1083	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1084		return; /* ignore */
1085	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1086		switch (ev->atom) {
1087		default: break;
1088		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1089			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1090			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1091				arrange();
1092			break;
1093		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1094			updatesizehints(c);
1095			break;
1096		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1097			updatewmhints(c);
1098			drawbar();
1099			break;
1100		}
1101		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1102			updatetitle(c);
1103			if(c == sel)
1104				drawbar();
1105		}
1106	}
1107}
1108
1109void
1110quit(const char *arg) {
1111	readin = running = False;
1112}
1113
1114void
1115resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1116	XWindowChanges wc;
1117
1118	if(sizehints) {
1119		/* set minimum possible */
1120		w = MAX(1, w);
1121		h = MAX(1, h);
1122
1123		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1124		w -= c->basew;
1125		h -= c->baseh;
1126
1127		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1128		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1129		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1130			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1131				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1132			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1133				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1134		}
1135
1136		/* adjust for increment value */
1137		if(c->incw)
1138			w -= w % c->incw;
1139		if(c->inch)
1140			h -= h % c->inch;
1141
1142		/* restore base dimensions */
1143		w += c->basew;
1144		h += c->baseh;
1145
1146		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1147		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1148		
1149		if (c->maxw)
1150			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1151
1152		if (c->maxh)
1153			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1154	}
1155	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1156		return;
1157	if(x > sx + sw)
1158		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1159	if(y > sy + sh)
1160		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1161	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1162		x = sx;
1163	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1164		y = sy;
1165	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1166		c->x = wc.x = x;
1167		c->y = wc.y = y;
1168		c->w = wc.width = w;
1169		c->h = wc.height = h;
1170		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1171		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1172				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1173		configure(c);
1174		XSync(dpy, False);
1175	}
1176}
1177
1178void
1179resizemouse(Client *c) {
1180	int ocx, ocy;
1181	int nw, nh;
1182	XEvent ev;
1183
1184	ocx = c->x;
1185	ocy = c->y;
1186	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1187	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1188		return;
1189	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1190	for(;;) {
1191		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1192		switch(ev.type) {
1193		case ButtonRelease:
1194			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1195					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1196			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1197			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1198			return;
1199		case ConfigureRequest:
1200		case Expose:
1201		case MapRequest:
1202			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1203			break;
1204		case MotionNotify:
1205			XSync(dpy, False);
1206			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1207			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1208			if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP)) {
1209				togglefloating(NULL);
1210			}
1211			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1212				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1213			break;
1214		}
1215	}
1216}
1217
1218void
1219restack(void) {
1220	Client *c;
1221	XEvent ev;
1222	XWindowChanges wc;
1223
1224	drawbar();
1225	if(!sel)
1226		return;
1227	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1228		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1229	if(lt->arrange) {
1230		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1231		wc.sibling = barwin;
1232		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1233			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c, NULL)) {
1234				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1235				wc.sibling = c->win;
1236			}
1237	}
1238	XSync(dpy, False);
1239	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1240}
1241
1242void
1243run(void) {
1244	char *p;
1245	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1246	fd_set rd;
1247	int r, xfd;
1248	unsigned int len, offset;
1249	XEvent ev;
1250
1251	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1252	XSync(dpy, False);
1253	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1254	readin = True;
1255	offset = 0;
1256	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1257	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1258	while(running) {
1259		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1260		if(readin)
1261			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1262		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1263		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1264			if(errno == EINTR)
1265				continue;
1266			eprint("select failed\n");
1267		}
1268		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1269			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1270			case -1:
1271				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1272				readin = False;
1273				break;
1274			case 0:
1275				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1276				readin = False;
1277				break;
1278			default:
1279				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1280					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1281						*p = '\0';
1282						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1283						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1284						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1285						offset = r;
1286						if(r)
1287							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1288						break;
1289					}
1290				break;
1291			}
1292			drawbar();
1293		}
1294		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1295			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1296			if(handler[ev.type])
1297				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1298		}
1299	}
1300}
1301
1302void
1303scan(void) {
1304	unsigned int i, num;
1305	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1306	XWindowAttributes wa;
1307
1308	wins = NULL;
1309	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1310		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1311			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1312			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1313				continue;
1314			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1315				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1316		}
1317		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1318			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1319				continue;
1320			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1321			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1322				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1323		}
1324	}
1325	if(wins)
1326		XFree(wins);
1327}
1328
1329void
1330setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1331	long data[] = {state, None};
1332
1333	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1334			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1335}
1336
1337void
1338setup(void) {
1339	unsigned int i, w;
1340	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1341
1342	/* init screen */
1343	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1344	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1345	initfont(FONT);
1346	sx = 0;
1347	sy = 0;
1348	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1349	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1350	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1351	updategeom();
1352
1353	/* init atoms */
1354	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1355	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1356	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1357	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1358	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1359	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1360
1361	/* init cursors */
1362	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1363	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1364	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1365
1366	/* init appearance */
1367	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1368	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1369	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1370	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1371	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1372	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1373	initfont(FONT);
1374	dc.h = bh;
1375	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1376	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1377	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1378	if(!dc.font.set)
1379		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1380
1381	/* init tags */
1382	tagset[0] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1383	tagset[1] = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1384	tagset[0][0] = tagset[1][0] = True;
1385
1386	/* init bar */
1387	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1388		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1389		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1390	}
1391
1392	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1393	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1394	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1395
1396	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1397			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1398			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1399	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1400	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1401	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1402	drawbar();
1403
1404	/* EWMH support per view */
1405	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1406			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1407
1408	/* select for events */
1409	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1410			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1411	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1412	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1413
1414
1415	/* grab keys */
1416	grabkeys();
1417}
1418
1419void
1420spawn(const char *arg) {
1421	static char *shell = NULL;
1422
1423	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1424		shell = "/bin/sh";
1425	if(!arg)
1426		return;
1427	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1428	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1429	if(fork() == 0) {
1430		if(fork() == 0) {
1431			if(dpy)
1432				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1433			setsid();
1434			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1435			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1436			perror(" failed");
1437		}
1438		exit(0);
1439	}
1440	wait(0);
1441}
1442
1443void
1444tag(const char *arg) {
1445	unsigned int i;
1446
1447	if(!sel)
1448		return;
1449	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1450		sel->tags[i] = (arg == NULL);
1451	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1452	arrange();
1453}
1454
1455unsigned int
1456textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1457	XRectangle r;
1458
1459	if(dc.font.set) {
1460		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1461		return r.width;
1462	}
1463	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1464}
1465
1466unsigned int
1467textw(const char *text) {
1468	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1469}
1470
1471void
1472togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1473	if(!sel)
1474		return;
1475	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1476	if(sel->isfloating)
1477		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1478	arrange();
1479}
1480
1481void
1482togglelayout(const char *arg) {
1483	unsigned int i;
1484
1485	if(!arg) {
1486		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1487			lt = &layouts[0];
1488	}
1489	else {
1490		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1491			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1492				break;
1493		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1494			return;
1495		lt = &layouts[i];
1496	}
1497	if(sel)
1498		arrange();
1499	else
1500		drawbar();
1501}
1502
1503void
1504toggletag(const char *arg) {
1505	unsigned int i, j;
1506
1507	if(!sel)
1508		return;
1509	i = idxoftag(arg);
1510	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1511	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1512	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1513		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1514	arrange();
1515}
1516
1517void
1518toggleview(const char *arg) {
1519	unsigned int i, j;
1520
1521	i = idxoftag(arg);
1522	tagset[seltags][i] = !tagset[seltags][i];
1523	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !tagset[seltags][j]; j++);
1524	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1525		tagset[seltags][i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1526	arrange();
1527}
1528
1529void
1530unban(Client *c) {
1531	if(!c->isbanned)
1532		return;
1533	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1534	c->isbanned = False;
1535}
1536
1537void
1538unmanage(Client *c) {
1539	XWindowChanges wc;
1540
1541	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1542	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1543	XGrabServer(dpy);
1544	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1545	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1546	detach(c);
1547	detachstack(c);
1548	if(sel == c)
1549		focus(NULL);
1550	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1551	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1552	free(c->tags);
1553	free(c);
1554	XSync(dpy, False);
1555	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1556	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1557	arrange();
1558}
1559
1560void
1561unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1562	Client *c;
1563	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1564
1565	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1566		unmanage(c);
1567}
1568
1569void
1570updatebar(void) {
1571	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1572		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1573	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1574	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1575}
1576
1577void
1578updategeom(void) {
1579	unsigned int i;
1580
1581	/* bar geometry */
1582	bx = 0;
1583	by = 0;
1584	bw = sw;
1585
1586	/* window area geometry */
1587	wx = sx;
1588	wy = sy + bh;
1589	ww = sw;
1590	wh = sh - bh;
1591
1592	/* update layout geometries */
1593	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1594		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1595			layouts[i].updategeom();
1596}
1597
1598void
1599updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1600	long msize;
1601	XSizeHints size;
1602
1603	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1604		size.flags = PSize;
1605	c->flags = size.flags;
1606	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1607		c->basew = size.base_width;
1608		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1609	}
1610	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1611		c->basew = size.min_width;
1612		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1613	}
1614	else
1615		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1616	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1617		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1618		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1619	}
1620	else
1621		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1622	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1623		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1624		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1625	}
1626	else
1627		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1628	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1629		c->minw = size.min_width;
1630		c->minh = size.min_height;
1631	}
1632	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1633		c->minw = size.base_width;
1634		c->minh = size.base_height;
1635	}
1636	else
1637		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1638	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1639		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1640		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1641		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1642		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1643	}
1644	else
1645		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1646	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1647			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1648}
1649
1650void
1651updatetitle(Client *c) {
1652	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1653		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1654}
1655
1656void
1657updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1658	XWMHints *wmh;
1659
1660	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1661		if(c == sel)
1662			sel->isurgent = False;
1663		else
1664			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1665		XFree(wmh);
1666	}
1667}
1668
1669void
1670view(const char *arg) {
1671	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1672	memset(tagset[seltags], (NULL == arg), TAGSZ);
1673	tagset[seltags][idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1674	arrange();
1675}
1676
1677void
1678viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1679	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1680	arrange();
1681}
1682
1683/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1684 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1685 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1686int
1687xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1688	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1689	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1690	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1691	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1692	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1693	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1694	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1695	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1696	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1697		return 0;
1698	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1699			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1700	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1701}
1702
1703int
1704xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1705	return 0;
1706}
1707
1708/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1709 * is already running. */
1710int
1711xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1712	otherwm = True;
1713	return -1;
1714}
1715
1716int
1717main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1718	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1719		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1720	else if(argc != 1)
1721		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1722
1723	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1724	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1725		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1726
1727	checkotherwm();
1728	setup();
1729	scan();
1730	run();
1731	cleanup();
1732
1733	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1734	return 0;
1735}