1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55
  56/* enums */
  57enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  58enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  59enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  60enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  61
  62/* typedefs */
  63typedef struct Client Client;
  64struct Client {
  65	char name[256];
  66	int x, y, w, h;
  67	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  68	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  69	long flags;
  70	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  71	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  72	unsigned int tags;
  73	Client *next;
  74	Client *prev;
  75	Client *snext;
  76	Window win;
  77};
  78
  79typedef struct {
  80	int x, y, w, h;
  81	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  82	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  83	Drawable drawable;
  84	GC gc;
  85	struct {
  86		int ascent;
  87		int descent;
  88		int height;
  89		XFontSet set;
  90		XFontStruct *xfont;
  91	} font;
  92} DC; /* draw context */
  93
  94typedef struct {
  95	unsigned long mod;
  96	KeySym keysym;
  97	void (*func)(void *arg);
  98	void *arg;
  99} Key;
 100
 101typedef struct {
 102	const char *symbol;
 103	void (*arrange)(void);
 104	void (*updategeom)(void);
 105} Layout;
 106
 107typedef struct {
 108	const char *class;
 109	const char *instance;
 110	const char *title;
 111	unsigned int tags;
 112	Bool isfloating;
 113} Rule;
 114
 115/* function declarations */
 116void applyrules(Client *c);
 117void arrange(void);
 118void attach(Client *c);
 119void attachstack(Client *c);
 120void ban(Client *c);
 121void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 122void checkotherwm(void);
 123void cleanup(void);
 124void configure(Client *c);
 125void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 126void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 127void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 128void detach(Client *c);
 129void detachstack(Client *c);
 130void drawbar(void);
 131void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 132void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 133void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 134void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 135void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 136void expose(XEvent *e);
 137void focus(Client *c);
 138void focusin(XEvent *e);
 139void focusnext(void *arg);
 140void focusprev(void *arg);
 141Client *getclient(Window w);
 142unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 143long getstate(Window w);
 144Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 145void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 146void grabkeys(void);
 147void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 148Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 149Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 150Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 151Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(void *arg);
 154void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 155void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 156void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nextunfloating(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(void *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setmfact(void *arg);
 168void setup(void);
 169void spawn(void *arg);
 170void tag(void *arg);
 171unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 172unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 173void tile(void);
 174void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 175void togglebar(void *arg);
 176void togglefloating(void *arg);
 177void togglelayout(void *arg);
 178void toggletag(void *arg);
 179void toggleview(void *arg);
 180void unban(Client *c);
 181void unmanage(Client *c);
 182void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 183void updatebar(void);
 184void updategeom(void);
 185void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 186void updatetilegeom(void);
 187void updatetitle(Client *c);
 188void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 189void view(void *arg);
 190void viewprevtag(void *arg);
 191int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 192int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 193int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194void zoom(void *arg);
 195
 196/* variables */
 197char stext[256];
 198int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 199int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 200int mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th;
 201unsigned int seltags = 0;
 202int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 203unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 204void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 205	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 206	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 207	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 208	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 209	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 210	[Expose] = expose,
 211	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 212	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 213	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 214	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 215	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 216	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 217};
 218Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 219Bool otherwm, readin;
 220Bool running = True;
 221unsigned int tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 222Client *clients = NULL;
 223Client *sel = NULL;
 224Client *stack = NULL;
 225Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 226Display *dpy;
 227DC dc = {0};
 228Layout layouts[];
 229Layout *lt = layouts;
 230Window root, barwin;
 231
 232/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 233#include "config.h"
 234
 235/* check if all tags will fit into a unsigned int bitarray. */
 236static char tags_is_a_sign_that_your_IQ[sizeof(int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1];
 237
 238/* function implementations */
 239
 240void
 241applyrules(Client *c) {
 242	unsigned int i;
 243	Rule *r;
 244	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 245
 246	/* rule matching */
 247	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 248	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 249		r = &rules[i];
 250		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 251		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 252		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 253			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 254			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 255		}
 256	}
 257	if(ch.res_class)
 258		XFree(ch.res_class);
 259	if(ch.res_name)
 260		XFree(ch.res_name);
 261	if(!c->tags)
 262		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 263}
 264
 265void
 266arrange(void) {
 267	Client *c;
 268
 269	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 270		if(isvisible(c)) {
 271			unban(c);
 272			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 273				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 274		}
 275		else
 276			ban(c);
 277
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	if(lt->arrange)
 280		lt->arrange();
 281	restack();
 282}
 283
 284void
 285attach(Client *c) {
 286	if(clients)
 287		clients->prev = c;
 288	c->next = clients;
 289	clients = c;
 290}
 291
 292void
 293attachstack(Client *c) {
 294	c->snext = stack;
 295	stack = c;
 296}
 297
 298void
 299ban(Client *c) {
 300	if(c->isbanned)
 301		return;
 302	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 303	c->isbanned = True;
 304}
 305
 306void
 307buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 308	unsigned int i, x, mask;
 309	Client *c;
 310	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 311
 312	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 313		x = 0;
 314		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 315			x += textw(tags[i]);
 316			if(ev->x < x) {
 317				mask = 1 << i;
 318				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 319					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 320						tag(&mask);
 321					else
 322						view(&mask);
 323				}
 324				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 325					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 326						toggletag(&mask);
 327					else
 328						toggleview(&mask);
 329				}
 330				return;
 331			}
 332		}
 333		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 334			togglelayout(NULL);
 335	}
 336	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 337		focus(c);
 338		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 339			return;
 340		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 341			restack();
 342			movemouse(c);
 343		}
 344		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 345			togglefloating(NULL);
 346		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 347			restack();
 348			resizemouse(c);
 349		}
 350	}
 351}
 352
 353void
 354checkotherwm(void) {
 355	otherwm = False;
 356	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 357
 358	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 359	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 360	XSync(dpy, False);
 361	if(otherwm)
 362		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 363	XSync(dpy, False);
 364	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 365	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 366	XSync(dpy, False);
 367}
 368
 369void
 370cleanup(void) {
 371	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 372	while(stack) {
 373		unban(stack);
 374		unmanage(stack);
 375	}
 376	if(dc.font.set)
 377		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 378	else
 379		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 380	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 381	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 382	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 383	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 384	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 385	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 386	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 387	XSync(dpy, False);
 388	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 389}
 390
 391void
 392configure(Client *c) {
 393	XConfigureEvent ce;
 394
 395	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 396	ce.display = dpy;
 397	ce.event = c->win;
 398	ce.window = c->win;
 399	ce.x = c->x;
 400	ce.y = c->y;
 401	ce.width = c->w;
 402	ce.height = c->h;
 403	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 404	ce.above = None;
 405	ce.override_redirect = False;
 406	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 407}
 408
 409void
 410configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 411	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 412
 413	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 414		sw = ev->width;
 415		sh = ev->height;
 416		updategeom();
 417		updatebar();
 418		arrange();
 419	}
 420}
 421
 422void
 423configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 424	Client *c;
 425	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 426	XWindowChanges wc;
 427
 428	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 429		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 430			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 431		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 432			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 433				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 434			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 435				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 436			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 437				c->w = ev->width;
 438			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 439				c->h = ev->height;
 440			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 441				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 442			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 443				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 444			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 445			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 446				configure(c);
 447			if(isvisible(c))
 448				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 449		}
 450		else
 451			configure(c);
 452	}
 453	else {
 454		wc.x = ev->x;
 455		wc.y = ev->y;
 456		wc.width = ev->width;
 457		wc.height = ev->height;
 458		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 459		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 460		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 461		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 462	}
 463	XSync(dpy, False);
 464}
 465
 466void
 467destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 468	Client *c;
 469	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 470
 471	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 472		unmanage(c);
 473}
 474
 475void
 476detach(Client *c) {
 477	if(c->prev)
 478		c->prev->next = c->next;
 479	if(c->next)
 480		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 481	if(c == clients)
 482		clients = c->next;
 483	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 484}
 485
 486void
 487detachstack(Client *c) {
 488	Client **tc;
 489
 490	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 491	*tc = c->snext;
 492}
 493
 494void
 495drawbar(void) {
 496	int i, x;
 497	Client *c;
 498
 499	dc.x = 0;
 500	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 501	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 502		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 503		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 504			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 505			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 506		}
 507		else {
 508			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 509			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 510		}
 511		dc.x += dc.w;
 512	}
 513	if(blw > 0) {
 514		dc.w = blw;
 515		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 516		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 517	}
 518	else
 519		x = dc.x;
 520	dc.w = textw(stext);
 521	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 522	if(dc.x < x) {
 523		dc.x = x;
 524		dc.w = bw - x;
 525	}
 526	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 527	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 528		dc.x = x;
 529		if(c) {
 530			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 531			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 532		}
 533		else
 534			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 535	}
 536	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 537	XSync(dpy, False);
 538}
 539
 540void
 541drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 542	int x;
 543	XGCValues gcv;
 544	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 545
 546	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 547	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 548	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 549	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 550	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 551	if(filled) {
 552		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 553		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 554	}
 555	else if(empty) {
 556		r.width = r.height = x;
 557		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 558	}
 559}
 560
 561void
 562drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 563	int x, y, w, h;
 564	unsigned int len, olen;
 565	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 566	char buf[256];
 567
 568	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 569	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 570	if(!text)
 571		return;
 572	olen = strlen(text);
 573	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 574	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 575	w = 0;
 576	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 577	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 578	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 579	/* shorten text if necessary */
 580	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 581	if(!len)
 582		return;
 583	if(len < olen) {
 584		if(len > 1)
 585			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 586		if(len > 2)
 587			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 588		if(len > 3)
 589			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 590	}
 591	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 592	if(dc.font.set)
 593		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 594	else
 595		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 596}
 597
 598void *
 599emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 600	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 601
 602	if(!res)
 603		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 604	return res;
 605}
 606
 607void
 608enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 609	Client *c;
 610	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 611
 612	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 613		return;
 614	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 615		focus(c);
 616	else
 617		focus(NULL);
 618}
 619
 620void
 621eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 622	va_list ap;
 623
 624	va_start(ap, errstr);
 625	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 626	va_end(ap);
 627	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 628}
 629
 630void
 631expose(XEvent *e) {
 632	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 633
 634	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 635		drawbar();
 636}
 637
 638void
 639focus(Client *c) {
 640	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 641		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 642	if(sel && sel != c) {
 643		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 644		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 645	}
 646	if(c) {
 647		detachstack(c);
 648		attachstack(c);
 649		grabbuttons(c, True);
 650	}
 651	sel = c;
 652	if(c) {
 653		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 654		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 655	}
 656	else
 657		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 658	drawbar();
 659}
 660
 661void
 662focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 663	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 664
 665	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 666		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 667}
 668
 669void
 670focusnext(void *arg) {
 671	Client *c;
 672
 673	if(!sel)
 674		return;
 675	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 676	if(!c)
 677		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 678	if(c) {
 679		focus(c);
 680		restack();
 681	}
 682}
 683
 684void
 685focusprev(void *arg) {
 686	Client *c;
 687
 688	if(!sel)
 689		return;
 690	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 691	if(!c) {
 692		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 693		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 694	}
 695	if(c) {
 696		focus(c);
 697		restack();
 698	}
 699}
 700
 701Client *
 702getclient(Window w) {
 703	Client *c;
 704
 705	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 706	return c;
 707}
 708
 709unsigned long
 710getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 711	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 712	XColor color;
 713
 714	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 715		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 716	return color.pixel;
 717}
 718
 719long
 720getstate(Window w) {
 721	int format, status;
 722	long result = -1;
 723	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 724	unsigned long n, extra;
 725	Atom real;
 726
 727	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 728			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 729	if(status != Success)
 730		return -1;
 731	if(n != 0)
 732		result = *p;
 733	XFree(p);
 734	return result;
 735}
 736
 737Bool
 738gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 739	char **list = NULL;
 740	int n;
 741	XTextProperty name;
 742
 743	if(!text || size == 0)
 744		return False;
 745	text[0] = '\0';
 746	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 747	if(!name.nitems)
 748		return False;
 749	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 750		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 751	else {
 752		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 753		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 754			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 755			XFreeStringList(list);
 756		}
 757	}
 758	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 759	XFree(name.value);
 760	return True;
 761}
 762
 763void
 764grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 765	int i, j;
 766	unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 767	unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 768				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 769
 770	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 771	if(focused)
 772		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 773			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 774				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 775					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 776	else
 777		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 778			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 779}
 780
 781void
 782grabkeys(void) {
 783	unsigned int i, j;
 784	KeyCode code;
 785	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 786
 787	/* init modifier map */
 788	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 789	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 790		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 791			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 792				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 793		}
 794	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 795
 796	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 797	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 798		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 799		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 800				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 801		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 802				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 803		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 804				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 805		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 806				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 807	}
 808}
 809
 810void
 811initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 812	char *def, **missing;
 813	int i, n;
 814
 815	missing = NULL;
 816	if(dc.font.set)
 817		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 818	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 819	if(missing) {
 820		while(n--)
 821			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 822		XFreeStringList(missing);
 823	}
 824	if(dc.font.set) {
 825		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 826		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 827		char **font_names;
 828		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 829		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 830		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 831		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 832			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 833			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 834			xfonts++;
 835		}
 836	}
 837	else {
 838		if(dc.font.xfont)
 839			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 840		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 841		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 842		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 843			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 844		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 845		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 846	}
 847	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 848}
 849
 850Bool
 851isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 852	Client *c;
 853
 854	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 855		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 856			return True;
 857	return False;
 858}
 859
 860Bool
 861isprotodel(Client *c) {
 862	int i, n;
 863	Atom *protocols;
 864	Bool ret = False;
 865
 866	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 867		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 868			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 869				ret = True;
 870		XFree(protocols);
 871	}
 872	return ret;
 873}
 874
 875Bool
 876isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 877	Client *c;
 878
 879	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 880		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 881			return True;
 882	return False;
 883}
 884
 885Bool
 886isvisible(Client *c) {
 887	return c->tags & tagset[seltags];
 888}
 889
 890void
 891keypress(XEvent *e) {
 892	unsigned int i;
 893	KeySym keysym;
 894	XKeyEvent *ev;
 895
 896	ev = &e->xkey;
 897	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 898	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 899		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 900		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 901		{
 902			if(keys[i].func)
 903				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 904		}
 905}
 906
 907void
 908killclient(void *arg) {
 909	XEvent ev;
 910
 911	if(!sel)
 912		return;
 913	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 914		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 915		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 916		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 917		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 918		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 919		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 920		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 921	}
 922	else
 923		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 924}
 925
 926void
 927manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 928	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 929	Status rettrans;
 930	Window trans;
 931	XWindowChanges wc;
 932
 933	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 934	c->win = w;
 935
 936	/* geometry */
 937	c->x = wa->x;
 938	c->y = wa->y;
 939	c->w = wa->width;
 940	c->h = wa->height;
 941	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 942	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 943		c->x = sx;
 944		c->y = sy;
 945		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 946	}
 947	else {
 948		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 949			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 950		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 951			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 952		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 953		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 954		c->bw = borderpx;
 955	}
 956
 957	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 958	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 959	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 960	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 961	updatesizehints(c);
 962	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 963	grabbuttons(c, False);
 964	updatetitle(c);
 965	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 966		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 967	if(t)
 968		c->tags = t->tags;
 969	else
 970		applyrules(c);
 971	if(!c->isfloating)
 972		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 973	attach(c);
 974	attachstack(c);
 975	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 976	ban(c);
 977	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 978	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 979	arrange();
 980}
 981
 982void
 983mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 984	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 985
 986	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 987	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 988		grabkeys();
 989}
 990
 991void
 992maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 993	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 994	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 995
 996	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 997		return;
 998	if(wa.override_redirect)
 999		return;
1000	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1001		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1002}
1003
1004void
1005movemouse(Client *c) {
1006	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1007	unsigned int dui;
1008	Window dummy;
1009	XEvent ev;
1010
1011	ocx = nx = c->x;
1012	ocy = ny = c->y;
1013	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1014	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1015		return;
1016	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1017	for(;;) {
1018		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1019		switch (ev.type) {
1020		case ButtonRelease:
1021			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1022			return;
1023		case ConfigureRequest:
1024		case Expose:
1025		case MapRequest:
1026			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1027			break;
1028		case MotionNotify:
1029			XSync(dpy, False);
1030			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1031			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1032			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1033			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1034				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1035					nx = wx;
1036				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1037					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1038				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1039					ny = wy;
1040				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1041					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1042				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1043					togglefloating(NULL);
1044			}
1045			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1046				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1047			break;
1048		}
1049	}
1050}
1051
1052Client *
1053nextunfloating(Client *c) {
1054	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1055	return c;
1056}
1057
1058void
1059propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1060	Client *c;
1061	Window trans;
1062	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1063
1064	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1065		return; /* ignore */
1066	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1067		switch (ev->atom) {
1068		default: break;
1069		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1070			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1071			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1072				arrange();
1073			break;
1074		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1075			updatesizehints(c);
1076			break;
1077		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1078			updatewmhints(c);
1079			drawbar();
1080			break;
1081		}
1082		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1083			updatetitle(c);
1084			if(c == sel)
1085				drawbar();
1086		}
1087	}
1088}
1089
1090void
1091quit(void *arg) {
1092	readin = running = False;
1093}
1094
1095void
1096resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1097	XWindowChanges wc;
1098
1099	if(sizehints) {
1100		/* set minimum possible */
1101		w = MAX(1, w);
1102		h = MAX(1, h);
1103
1104		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1105		w -= c->basew;
1106		h -= c->baseh;
1107
1108		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1109		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1110		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1111			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1112				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1113			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1114				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1115		}
1116
1117		/* adjust for increment value */
1118		if(c->incw)
1119			w -= w % c->incw;
1120		if(c->inch)
1121			h -= h % c->inch;
1122
1123		/* restore base dimensions */
1124		w += c->basew;
1125		h += c->baseh;
1126
1127		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1128		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1129		
1130		if (c->maxw)
1131			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1132
1133		if (c->maxh)
1134			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1135	}
1136	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1137		return;
1138	if(x > sx + sw)
1139		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1140	if(y > sy + sh)
1141		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1142	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1143		x = sx;
1144	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1145		y = sy;
1146	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1147		c->x = wc.x = x;
1148		c->y = wc.y = y;
1149		c->w = wc.width = w;
1150		c->h = wc.height = h;
1151		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1152		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1153				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1154		configure(c);
1155		XSync(dpy, False);
1156	}
1157}
1158
1159void
1160resizemouse(Client *c) {
1161	int ocx, ocy;
1162	int nw, nh;
1163	XEvent ev;
1164
1165	ocx = c->x;
1166	ocy = c->y;
1167	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1168	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1169		return;
1170	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1171	for(;;) {
1172		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1173		switch(ev.type) {
1174		case ButtonRelease:
1175			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1176					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1177			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1178			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1179			return;
1180		case ConfigureRequest:
1181		case Expose:
1182		case MapRequest:
1183			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1184			break;
1185		case MotionNotify:
1186			XSync(dpy, False);
1187			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1188			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1189
1190			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1191			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1192				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1193				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1194					togglefloating(NULL);
1195			}
1196			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1197				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1198			break;
1199		}
1200	}
1201}
1202
1203void
1204restack(void) {
1205	Client *c;
1206	XEvent ev;
1207	XWindowChanges wc;
1208
1209	drawbar();
1210	if(!sel)
1211		return;
1212	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1213		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1214	if(lt->arrange) {
1215		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1216		wc.sibling = barwin;
1217		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1218			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c)) {
1219				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1220				wc.sibling = c->win;
1221			}
1222	}
1223	XSync(dpy, False);
1224	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1225}
1226
1227void
1228run(void) {
1229	char *p;
1230	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1231	fd_set rd;
1232	int r, xfd;
1233	unsigned int len, offset;
1234	XEvent ev;
1235
1236	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1237	XSync(dpy, False);
1238	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1239	readin = True;
1240	offset = 0;
1241	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1242	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1243	while(running) {
1244		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1245		if(readin)
1246			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1247		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1248		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1249			if(errno == EINTR)
1250				continue;
1251			eprint("select failed\n");
1252		}
1253		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1254			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1255			case -1:
1256				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1257				readin = False;
1258				break;
1259			case 0:
1260				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1261				readin = False;
1262				break;
1263			default:
1264				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1265					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1266						*p = '\0';
1267						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1268						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1269						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1270						offset = r;
1271						if(r)
1272							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1273						break;
1274					}
1275				break;
1276			}
1277			drawbar();
1278		}
1279		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1280			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1281			if(handler[ev.type])
1282				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1283		}
1284	}
1285}
1286
1287void
1288scan(void) {
1289	unsigned int i, num;
1290	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1291	XWindowAttributes wa;
1292
1293	wins = NULL;
1294	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1295		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1296			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1297			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1298				continue;
1299			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1300				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1301		}
1302		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1303			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1304				continue;
1305			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1306			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1307				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1308		}
1309	}
1310	if(wins)
1311		XFree(wins);
1312}
1313
1314void
1315setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1316	long data[] = {state, None};
1317
1318	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1319			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1320}
1321
1322/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1323void
1324setmfact(void *arg) {
1325	double d = *((double*) arg);
1326
1327	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1328		return;
1329	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1330	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1331		return;
1332	mfact = d;
1333	updatetilegeom();
1334	arrange();
1335}
1336
1337void
1338setup(void) {
1339	unsigned int i, w;
1340	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1341
1342	/* init screen */
1343	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1344	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1345	initfont(FONT);
1346	sx = 0;
1347	sy = 0;
1348	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1349	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1350	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1351	updategeom();
1352
1353	/* init atoms */
1354	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1355	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1356	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1357	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1358	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1359	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1360
1361	/* init cursors */
1362	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1363	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1364	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1365
1366	/* init appearance */
1367	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1368	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1369	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1370	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1371	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1372	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1373	initfont(FONT);
1374	dc.h = bh;
1375	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1376	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1377	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1378	if(!dc.font.set)
1379		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1380
1381	/* init bar */
1382	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1383		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1384		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1385	}
1386
1387	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1388	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1389	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1390
1391	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1392			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1393			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1394	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1395	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1396	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1397	drawbar();
1398
1399	/* EWMH support per view */
1400	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1401			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1402
1403	/* select for events */
1404	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1405			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1406	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1407	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1408
1409
1410	/* grab keys */
1411	grabkeys();
1412}
1413
1414void
1415spawn(void *arg) {
1416	static char *shell = NULL;
1417
1418	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1419		shell = "/bin/sh";
1420	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1421	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1422	if(fork() == 0) {
1423		if(fork() == 0) {
1424			if(dpy)
1425				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1426			setsid();
1427			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1428			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1429			perror(" failed");
1430		}
1431		exit(0);
1432	}
1433	wait(0);
1434}
1435
1436void
1437tag(void *arg) {
1438	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1439		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1440		arrange();
1441	}
1442}
1443
1444unsigned int
1445textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1446	XRectangle r;
1447
1448	if(dc.font.set) {
1449		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1450		return r.width;
1451	}
1452	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1453}
1454
1455unsigned int
1456textw(const char *text) {
1457	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1458}
1459
1460void
1461tile(void) {
1462	int x, y, h, w;
1463	unsigned int i, n;
1464	Client *c;
1465
1466	for(n = 0, c = nextunfloating(clients); c; c = nextunfloating(c->next), n++);
1467	if(n == 0)
1468		return;
1469
1470	/* master */
1471	c = nextunfloating(clients);
1472
1473	if(n == 1)
1474		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1475	else
1476		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1477
1478	if(--n == 0)
1479		return;
1480
1481	/* tile stack */
1482	x = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : tw;
1483	y = ty;
1484	w = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : tw;
1485	h = th / n;
1486	if(h < bh)
1487		h = th;
1488
1489	for(i = 0, c = nextunfloating(c->next); c; c = nextunfloating(c->next), i++) {
1490		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1491			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1492		else
1493			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1494		if(h != th)
1495			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1496	}
1497}
1498
1499void
1500tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1501	resize(c, x, y, w, h, resizehints);
1502	if(resizehints && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1503		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1504		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1505}
1506
1507void
1508togglebar(void *arg) {
1509	showbar = !showbar;
1510	updategeom();
1511	updatebar();
1512	arrange();
1513}
1514
1515void
1516togglefloating(void *arg) {
1517	if(!sel)
1518		return;
1519	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1520	if(sel->isfloating)
1521		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1522	arrange();
1523}
1524
1525void
1526togglelayout(void *arg) {
1527	unsigned int i;
1528
1529	if(!arg) {
1530		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1531			lt = &layouts[0];
1532	}
1533	else {
1534		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1535			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1536				break;
1537		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1538			return;
1539		lt = &layouts[i];
1540	}
1541	if(sel)
1542		arrange();
1543	else
1544		drawbar();
1545}
1546
1547void
1548toggletag(void *arg) {
1549	int i, m = *(int *)arg;
1550	for(i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++)
1551		fputc(m & 1 << i ? '1' : '0', stdout);
1552	puts("");
1553	for(i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++)
1554		fputc(TAGMASK & 1 << i ? '1' : '0', stdout);
1555	puts("aaa");
1556
1557	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1558		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1559		arrange();
1560	}
1561}
1562
1563void
1564toggleview(void *arg) {
1565	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1566		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1567		arrange();
1568	}
1569}
1570
1571void
1572unban(Client *c) {
1573	if(!c->isbanned)
1574		return;
1575	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1576	c->isbanned = False;
1577}
1578
1579void
1580unmanage(Client *c) {
1581	XWindowChanges wc;
1582
1583	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1584	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1585	XGrabServer(dpy);
1586	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1587	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1588	detach(c);
1589	detachstack(c);
1590	if(sel == c)
1591		focus(NULL);
1592	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1593	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1594	free(c);
1595	XSync(dpy, False);
1596	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1597	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1598	arrange();
1599}
1600
1601void
1602unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1603	Client *c;
1604	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1605
1606	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1607		unmanage(c);
1608}
1609
1610void
1611updatebar(void) {
1612	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1613		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1614	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1615	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1616}
1617
1618void
1619updategeom(void) {
1620	int i;
1621#ifdef XINERAMA
1622	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1623
1624	/* window area geometry */
1625	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1626		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1627		wx = info[0].x_org;
1628		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1629		ww = info[0].width;
1630		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1631		XFree(info);
1632	}
1633	else
1634#endif
1635	{
1636		wx = sx;
1637		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1638		ww = sw;
1639		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1640	}
1641
1642	/* bar geometry */
1643	bx = wx;
1644	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1645	bw = ww;
1646
1647	/* update layout geometries */
1648	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1649		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1650			layouts[i].updategeom();
1651}
1652
1653void
1654updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1655	long msize;
1656	XSizeHints size;
1657
1658	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1659		size.flags = PSize;
1660	c->flags = size.flags;
1661	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1662		c->basew = size.base_width;
1663		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1664	}
1665	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1666		c->basew = size.min_width;
1667		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1668	}
1669	else
1670		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1671	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1672		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1673		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1674	}
1675	else
1676		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1677	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1678		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1679		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1680	}
1681	else
1682		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1683	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1684		c->minw = size.min_width;
1685		c->minh = size.min_height;
1686	}
1687	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1688		c->minw = size.base_width;
1689		c->minh = size.base_height;
1690	}
1691	else
1692		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1693	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1694		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1695		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1696		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1697		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1698	}
1699	else
1700		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1701	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1702			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1703}
1704
1705void
1706updatetilegeom(void) {
1707	/* master area geometry */
1708	mx = wx;
1709	my = wy;
1710	mw = mfact * ww;
1711	mh = wh;
1712
1713	/* tile area geometry */
1714	tx = mx + mw;
1715	ty = wy;
1716	tw = ww - mw;
1717	th = wh;
1718}
1719
1720void
1721updatetitle(Client *c) {
1722	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1723		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1724}
1725
1726void
1727updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1728	XWMHints *wmh;
1729
1730	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1731		if(c == sel)
1732			sel->isurgent = False;
1733		else
1734			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1735		XFree(wmh);
1736	}
1737}
1738
1739void
1740view(void *arg) {
1741	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1742		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1743		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1744		arrange();
1745	}
1746}
1747
1748void
1749viewprevtag(void *arg) {
1750	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1751	arrange();
1752}
1753
1754/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1755 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1756 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1757int
1758xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1759	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1760	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1761	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1762	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1763	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1764	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1765	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1766	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1767	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1768		return 0;
1769	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1770			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1771	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1772}
1773
1774int
1775xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1776	return 0;
1777}
1778
1779/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1780 * is already running. */
1781int
1782xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1783	otherwm = True;
1784	return -1;
1785}
1786
1787void
1788zoom(void *arg) {
1789	Client *c = sel;
1790
1791	if(c == nextunfloating(clients))
1792		if(!c || !(c = nextunfloating(c->next)))
1793			return;
1794	if(lt->arrange == tile && !sel->isfloating) {
1795		detach(c);
1796		attach(c);
1797		focus(c);
1798	}
1799	arrange();
1800}
1801
1802int
1803main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1804	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1805		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1806	else if(argc != 1)
1807		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1808
1809	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1810	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1811		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1812
1813	checkotherwm();
1814	setup();
1815	scan();
1816	run();
1817	cleanup();
1818
1819	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1820	return 0;
1821}