1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  48#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49
  50/* enums */
  51enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  52enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  53enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  54enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  55
  56/* typedefs */
  57typedef struct Client Client;
  58struct Client {
  59	char name[256];
  60	int x, y, w, h;
  61	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  62	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  63	long flags;
  64	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  65	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  66	Bool *tags;
  67	Client *next;
  68	Client *prev;
  69	Client *snext;
  70	Window win;
  71};
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	int x, y, w, h;
  75	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  76	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  77	Drawable drawable;
  78	GC gc;
  79	struct {
  80		int ascent;
  81		int descent;
  82		int height;
  83		XFontSet set;
  84		XFontStruct *xfont;
  85	} font;
  86} DC; /* draw context */
  87
  88typedef struct {
  89	unsigned long mod;
  90	KeySym keysym;
  91	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  92	const char *arg;
  93} Key;
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	const char *symbol;
  97	void (*arrange)(void);
  98	Bool isfloating;
  99} Layout; 
 100
 101typedef struct {
 102	const char *class;
 103	const char *instance;
 104	const char *title;
 105	const char *tag;
 106	Bool isfloating;
 107} Rule;
 108
 109/* function declarations */
 110void applyrules(Client *c);
 111void arrange(void);
 112void attach(Client *c);
 113void attachstack(Client *c);
 114void ban(Client *c);
 115void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 116void checkotherwm(void);
 117void cleanup(void);
 118void configure(Client *c);
 119void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 120void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 121unsigned int counttiled(void);
 122void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 123void detach(Client *c);
 124void detachstack(Client *c);
 125void drawbar(void);
 126void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 127void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 128void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 129void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 130void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 131void expose(XEvent *e);
 132void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 133void focus(Client *c);
 134void focusin(XEvent *e);
 135void focusnext(const char *arg);
 136void focusprev(const char *arg);
 137Client *getclient(Window w);
 138unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 139double getdouble(const char *s);
 140long getstate(Window w);
 141Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 142void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 143void grabkeys(void);
 144unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 145void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 146Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 147Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 148Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 149Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 150void keypress(XEvent *e);
 151void killclient(const char *arg);
 152void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 153void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 154void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 155void monocle(void);
 156void movemouse(Client *c);
 157Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 158void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 159void quit(const char *arg);
 160void reapply(const char *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setgeom(const char *arg);
 168void setlayout(const char *arg);
 169void setup(void);
 170void spawn(const char *arg);
 171void tag(const char *arg);
 172unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 173unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 174void tileh(void);
 175void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 176Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 177void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 178void tilev(void);
 179void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 180void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 181void toggletag(const char *arg);
 182void toggleview(const char *arg);
 183void unban(Client *c);
 184void unmanage(Client *c);
 185void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 186void updatebarpos(void);
 187void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 188void updatetitle(Client *c);
 189void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 190void view(const char *arg);
 191void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 192int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 193int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195void zoom(const char *arg);
 196
 197/* variables */
 198char stext[256], buf[256];
 199int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 200int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 201int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 202unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 203void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 204	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 205	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 206	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 207	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 208	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 209	[Expose] = expose,
 210	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 211	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 212	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 213	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 214	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 215	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 216};
 217Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 218Bool otherwm, readin;
 219Bool running = True;
 220Bool *prevtags;
 221Bool *seltags;
 222Client *clients = NULL;
 223Client *sel = NULL;
 224Client *stack = NULL;
 225Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 226Display *dpy;
 227DC dc = {0};
 228Layout *lt = NULL;
 229Window root, barwin;
 230
 231/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 232#include "config.h"
 233#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 234static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 235
 236/* function implementations */
 237
 238void
 239applyrules(Client *c) {
 240	unsigned int i;
 241	Bool matched = False;
 242	Rule *r;
 243	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 244
 245	/* rule matching */
 246	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 247	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 248		r = &rules[i];
 249		if(strstr(c->name, r->title)
 250		|| (ch.res_class && r->class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class))
 251		|| (ch.res_name && r->instance && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))
 252		{
 253			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 254			if(r->tag) {
 255				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 256				matched = True;
 257			}
 258		}
 259	}
 260	if(ch.res_class)
 261		XFree(ch.res_class);
 262	if(ch.res_name)
 263		XFree(ch.res_name);
 264	if(!matched)
 265		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 266}
 267
 268void
 269arrange(void) {
 270	Client *c;
 271
 272	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 273		if(isvisible(c))
 274			unban(c);
 275		else
 276			ban(c);
 277
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	lt->arrange();
 280	restack();
 281}
 282
 283void
 284attach(Client *c) {
 285	if(clients)
 286		clients->prev = c;
 287	c->next = clients;
 288	clients = c;
 289}
 290
 291void
 292attachstack(Client *c) {
 293	c->snext = stack;
 294	stack = c;
 295}
 296
 297void
 298ban(Client *c) {
 299	if(c->isbanned)
 300		return;
 301	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 302	c->isbanned = True;
 303}
 304
 305void
 306buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 307	unsigned int i, x;
 308	Client *c;
 309	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 310
 311	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 312		x = 0;
 313		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 314			x += textw(tags[i]);
 315			if(ev->x < x) {
 316				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 317					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 318						tag(tags[i]);
 319					else
 320						view(tags[i]);
 321				}
 322				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 323					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 324						toggletag(tags[i]);
 325					else
 326						toggleview(tags[i]);
 327				}
 328				return;
 329			}
 330		}
 331	}
 332	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 333		focus(c);
 334		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 335			return;
 336		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 337			restack();
 338			movemouse(c);
 339		}
 340		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 341			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 342				togglefloating(NULL);
 343			else
 344				zoom(NULL);
 345		}
 346		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 347			restack();
 348			resizemouse(c);
 349		}
 350	}
 351}
 352
 353void
 354checkotherwm(void) {
 355	otherwm = False;
 356	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 357
 358	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 359	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 360	XSync(dpy, False);
 361	if(otherwm)
 362		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 363	XSync(dpy, False);
 364	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 365	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 366	XSync(dpy, False);
 367}
 368
 369void
 370cleanup(void) {
 371	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 372	while(stack) {
 373		unban(stack);
 374		unmanage(stack);
 375	}
 376	if(dc.font.set)
 377		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 378	else
 379		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 380	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 381	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 382	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 383	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 384	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 385	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 386	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 387	XSync(dpy, False);
 388	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 389}
 390
 391void
 392configure(Client *c) {
 393	XConfigureEvent ce;
 394
 395	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 396	ce.display = dpy;
 397	ce.event = c->win;
 398	ce.window = c->win;
 399	ce.x = c->x;
 400	ce.y = c->y;
 401	ce.width = c->w;
 402	ce.height = c->h;
 403	ce.border_width = c->border;
 404	ce.above = None;
 405	ce.override_redirect = False;
 406	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 407}
 408
 409void
 410configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 411	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 412
 413	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 414		setgeom(NULL);
 415		updatebarpos();
 416		arrange();
 417	}
 418}
 419
 420void
 421configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 422	Client *c;
 423	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 424	XWindowChanges wc;
 425
 426	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 427		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 428			c->border = ev->border_width;
 429		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 430			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 431				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 432			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 433				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 434			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 435				c->w = ev->width;
 436			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 437				c->h = ev->height;
 438			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 439				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 440			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 441				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 442			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 443			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 444				configure(c);
 445			if(isvisible(c))
 446				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 447		}
 448		else
 449			configure(c);
 450	}
 451	else {
 452		wc.x = ev->x;
 453		wc.y = ev->y;
 454		wc.width = ev->width;
 455		wc.height = ev->height;
 456		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 457		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 458		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 459		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 460	}
 461	XSync(dpy, False);
 462}
 463
 464unsigned int
 465counttiled(void) {
 466	unsigned int n;
 467	Client *c;
 468
 469	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 470	return n;
 471}
 472
 473void
 474destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 475	Client *c;
 476	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 477
 478	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 479		unmanage(c);
 480}
 481
 482void
 483detach(Client *c) {
 484	if(c->prev)
 485		c->prev->next = c->next;
 486	if(c->next)
 487		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 488	if(c == clients)
 489		clients = c->next;
 490	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 491}
 492
 493void
 494detachstack(Client *c) {
 495	Client **tc;
 496
 497	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 498	*tc = c->snext;
 499}
 500
 501void
 502drawbar(void) {
 503	int i, x;
 504	Client *c;
 505
 506	dc.x = 0;
 507	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 508	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 509		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 510		if(seltags[i]) {
 511			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 512			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 513		}
 514		else {
 515			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 516			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 517		}
 518		dc.x += dc.w;
 519	}
 520	dc.w = blw;
 521	drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 522	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 523	dc.w = textw(stext);
 524	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 525	if(dc.x < x) {
 526		dc.x = x;
 527		dc.w = bw - x;
 528	}
 529	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 530	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 531		dc.x = x;
 532		if(c) {
 533			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 534			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 535		}
 536		else
 537			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 538	}
 539	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 540	XSync(dpy, False);
 541}
 542
 543void
 544drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 545	int x;
 546	XGCValues gcv;
 547	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 548
 549	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 550	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 551	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 552	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 553	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 554	if(filled) {
 555		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 556		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 557	}
 558	else if(empty) {
 559		r.width = r.height = x;
 560		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 561	}
 562}
 563
 564void
 565drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 566	int x, y, w, h;
 567	unsigned int len, olen;
 568	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 569
 570	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 571	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 572	if(!text)
 573		return;
 574	w = 0;
 575	olen = len = strlen(text);
 576	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 577		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 578	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 579	buf[len] = 0;
 580	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 581	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 582	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 583	/* shorten text if necessary */
 584	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 585		buf[--len] = 0;
 586	if(len < olen) {
 587		if(len > 1)
 588			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 589		if(len > 2)
 590			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 591		if(len > 3)
 592			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 593	}
 594	if(w > dc.w)
 595		return; /* too long */
 596	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 597	if(dc.font.set)
 598		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 599	else
 600		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 601}
 602
 603void *
 604emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 605	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 606
 607	if(!res)
 608		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 609	return res;
 610}
 611
 612void
 613enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 614	Client *c;
 615	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 616
 617	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 618		return;
 619	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 620		focus(c);
 621	else
 622		focus(NULL);
 623}
 624
 625void
 626eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 627	va_list ap;
 628
 629	va_start(ap, errstr);
 630	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 631	va_end(ap);
 632	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 633}
 634
 635void
 636expose(XEvent *e) {
 637	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 638
 639	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 640		drawbar();
 641}
 642
 643void
 644floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 645	Client *c;
 646
 647	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 648		if(isvisible(c))
 649			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 650}
 651
 652void
 653focus(Client *c) {
 654	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 655		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 656	if(sel && sel != c) {
 657		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 658		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 659	}
 660	if(c) {
 661		detachstack(c);
 662		attachstack(c);
 663		grabbuttons(c, True);
 664	}
 665	sel = c;
 666	if(c) {
 667		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 668		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 669	}
 670	else
 671		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 672	drawbar();
 673}
 674
 675void
 676focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 677	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 678
 679	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 680		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 681}
 682
 683void
 684focusnext(const char *arg) {
 685	Client *c;
 686
 687	if(!sel)
 688		return;
 689	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 690	if(!c)
 691		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 692	if(c) {
 693		focus(c);
 694		restack();
 695	}
 696}
 697
 698void
 699focusprev(const char *arg) {
 700	Client *c;
 701
 702	if(!sel)
 703		return;
 704	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 705	if(!c) {
 706		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 707		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 708	}
 709	if(c) {
 710		focus(c);
 711		restack();
 712	}
 713}
 714
 715Client *
 716getclient(Window w) {
 717	Client *c;
 718
 719	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 720	return c;
 721}
 722
 723unsigned long
 724getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 725	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 726	XColor color;
 727
 728	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 729		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 730	return color.pixel;
 731}
 732
 733long
 734getstate(Window w) {
 735	int format, status;
 736	long result = -1;
 737	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 738	unsigned long n, extra;
 739	Atom real;
 740
 741	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 742			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 743	if(status != Success)
 744		return -1;
 745	if(n != 0)
 746		result = *p;
 747	XFree(p);
 748	return result;
 749}
 750
 751Bool
 752gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 753	char **list = NULL;
 754	int n;
 755	XTextProperty name;
 756
 757	if(!text || size == 0)
 758		return False;
 759	text[0] = '\0';
 760	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 761	if(!name.nitems)
 762		return False;
 763	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 764		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 765	else {
 766		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 767		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 768			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 769			XFreeStringList(list);
 770		}
 771	}
 772	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 773	XFree(name.value);
 774	return True;
 775}
 776
 777void
 778grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 779	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 780
 781	if(focused) {
 782		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 783				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 784		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 785				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 786		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 787				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 788		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 789				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 790
 791		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 792				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 793		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 794				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 795		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 796				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 797		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 798				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 799
 800		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 801				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 802		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 807				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808	}
 809	else
 810		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 811				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 812}
 813
 814void
 815grabkeys(void)  {
 816	unsigned int i, j;
 817	KeyCode code;
 818	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 819
 820	/* init modifier map */
 821	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 822	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 823		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 824			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 825				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 826		}
 827	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 828
 829	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 830	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 831		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 832		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 833				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 834		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 835				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 836		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 837				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 838		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 839				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 840	}
 841}
 842
 843unsigned int
 844idxoftag(const char *t) {
 845	unsigned int i;
 846
 847	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 848	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 849}
 850
 851void
 852initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 853	char *def, **missing;
 854	int i, n;
 855
 856	missing = NULL;
 857	if(dc.font.set)
 858		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 859	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 860	if(missing) {
 861		while(n--)
 862			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 863		XFreeStringList(missing);
 864	}
 865	if(dc.font.set) {
 866		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 867		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 868		char **font_names;
 869		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 870		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 871		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 872		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 873			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 874				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 875			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 876				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 877			xfonts++;
 878		}
 879	}
 880	else {
 881		if(dc.font.xfont)
 882			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 883		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 884		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 885		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 886			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 887		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 888		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 889	}
 890	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 891}
 892
 893Bool
 894isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 895	Client *c;
 896
 897	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 898		if(c->tags[t])
 899			return True;
 900	return False;
 901}
 902
 903Bool
 904isprotodel(Client *c) {
 905	int i, n;
 906	Atom *protocols;
 907	Bool ret = False;
 908
 909	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 910		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 911			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 912				ret = True;
 913		XFree(protocols);
 914	}
 915	return ret;
 916}
 917
 918Bool
 919isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 920	Client *c;
 921
 922	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 923		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 924			return True;
 925	return False;
 926}
 927
 928Bool
 929isvisible(Client *c) {
 930	unsigned int i;
 931
 932	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 933		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 934			return True;
 935	return False;
 936}
 937
 938void
 939keypress(XEvent *e) {
 940	unsigned int i;
 941	KeySym keysym;
 942	XKeyEvent *ev;
 943
 944	ev = &e->xkey;
 945	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 946	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 947		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 948		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 949		{
 950			if(keys[i].func)
 951				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 952		}
 953}
 954
 955void
 956killclient(const char *arg) {
 957	XEvent ev;
 958
 959	if(!sel)
 960		return;
 961	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 962		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 963		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 964		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 965		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 966		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 967		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 968		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 969	}
 970	else
 971		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 972}
 973
 974void
 975manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 976	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 977	Status rettrans;
 978	Window trans;
 979	XWindowChanges wc;
 980
 981	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 982	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 983	c->win = w;
 984
 985	/* geometry */
 986	c->x = wa->x;
 987	c->y = wa->y;
 988	c->w = wa->width;
 989	c->h = wa->height;
 990	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 991	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 992		c->x = sx;
 993		c->y = sy;
 994		c->border = wa->border_width;
 995	}
 996	else {
 997		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wx + ww)
 998			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
 999		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > wy + wh)
1000			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1001		if(c->x < wx)
1002			c->x = wx;
1003		if(c->y < wy)
1004			c->y = wy;
1005		c->border = BORDERPX;
1006	}
1007
1008	wc.border_width = c->border;
1009	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1010	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1011	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1012	updatesizehints(c);
1013	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1014	grabbuttons(c, False);
1015	updatetitle(c);
1016	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1017		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1018	if(t)
1019		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1020	else
1021		applyrules(c);
1022	if(!c->isfloating)
1023		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1024	attach(c);
1025	attachstack(c);
1026	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1027	ban(c);
1028	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1029	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1030	arrange();
1031}
1032
1033void
1034mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1035	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1036
1037	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1038	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1039		grabkeys();
1040}
1041
1042void
1043maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1044	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1045	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1046
1047	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1048		return;
1049	if(wa.override_redirect)
1050		return;
1051	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1052		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1053}
1054
1055void
1056monocle(void) {
1057	Client *c;
1058
1059	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1060		if(isvisible(c))
1061			resize(c, mox, moy, mow, moh, RESIZEHINTS);
1062}
1063
1064void
1065movemouse(Client *c) {
1066	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1067	unsigned int dui;
1068	Window dummy;
1069	XEvent ev;
1070
1071	ocx = nx = c->x;
1072	ocy = ny = c->y;
1073	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1074			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1075		return;
1076	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1077	for(;;) {
1078		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1079		switch (ev.type) {
1080		case ButtonRelease:
1081			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1082			return;
1083		case ConfigureRequest:
1084		case Expose:
1085		case MapRequest:
1086			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1087			break;
1088		case MotionNotify:
1089			XSync(dpy, False);
1090			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1091			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1092			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1093				nx = wx;
1094			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1095				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1096			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1097				ny = wy;
1098			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1099				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1100			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1101				togglefloating(NULL);
1102			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1103				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1104			break;
1105		}
1106	}
1107}
1108
1109Client *
1110nexttiled(Client *c) {
1111	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1112	return c;
1113}
1114
1115void
1116propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1117	Client *c;
1118	Window trans;
1119	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1120
1121	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1122		return; /* ignore */
1123	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1124		switch (ev->atom) {
1125		default: break;
1126		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1127			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1128			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1129				arrange();
1130			break;
1131		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1132			updatesizehints(c);
1133			break;
1134		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1135			updatewmhints(c);
1136			drawbar();
1137			break;
1138		}
1139		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1140			updatetitle(c);
1141			if(c == sel)
1142				drawbar();
1143		}
1144	}
1145}
1146
1147void
1148quit(const char *arg) {
1149	readin = running = False;
1150}
1151
1152void
1153reapply(const char *arg) {
1154	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1155	Client *c;
1156
1157	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1158		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1159		applyrules(c);
1160	}
1161	arrange();
1162}
1163
1164void
1165resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1166	XWindowChanges wc;
1167
1168	if(sizehints) {
1169		/* set minimum possible */
1170		if (w < 1)
1171			w = 1;
1172		if (h < 1)
1173			h = 1;
1174
1175		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1176		w -= c->basew;
1177		h -= c->baseh;
1178
1179		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1180		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1181			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1182				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1183			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1184				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1185		}
1186
1187		/* adjust for increment value */
1188		if(c->incw)
1189			w -= w % c->incw;
1190		if(c->inch)
1191			h -= h % c->inch;
1192
1193		/* restore base dimensions */
1194		w += c->basew;
1195		h += c->baseh;
1196
1197		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1198			w = c->minw;
1199		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1200			h = c->minh;
1201		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1202			w = c->maxw;
1203		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1204			h = c->maxh;
1205	}
1206	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1207		return;
1208	if(x > sx + sw)
1209		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1210	if(y > sy + sh)
1211		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1212	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1213		x = sx;
1214	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1215		y = sy;
1216	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1217		c->x = wc.x = x;
1218		c->y = wc.y = y;
1219		c->w = wc.width = w;
1220		c->h = wc.height = h;
1221		wc.border_width = c->border;
1222		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1223				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1224		configure(c);
1225		XSync(dpy, False);
1226	}
1227}
1228
1229void
1230resizemouse(Client *c) {
1231	int ocx, ocy;
1232	int nw, nh;
1233	XEvent ev;
1234
1235	ocx = c->x;
1236	ocy = c->y;
1237	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1238			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1239		return;
1240	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1241	for(;;) {
1242		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1243		switch(ev.type) {
1244		case ButtonRelease:
1245			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1246					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1247			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1248			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1249			return;
1250		case ConfigureRequest:
1251		case Expose:
1252		case MapRequest:
1253			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1254			break;
1255		case MotionNotify:
1256			XSync(dpy, False);
1257			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1258				nw = 1;
1259			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1260				nh = 1;
1261			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1262				togglefloating(NULL);
1263			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1264				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1265			break;
1266		}
1267	}
1268}
1269
1270void
1271restack(void) {
1272	Client *c;
1273	XEvent ev;
1274	XWindowChanges wc;
1275
1276	drawbar();
1277	if(!sel)
1278		return;
1279	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1280		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1281	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1282		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1283		wc.sibling = barwin;
1284		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1285			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1286			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1287		}
1288		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1289			if(c == sel)
1290				continue;
1291			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1292			wc.sibling = c->win;
1293		}
1294	}
1295	XSync(dpy, False);
1296	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1297}
1298
1299void
1300run(void) {
1301	char *p;
1302	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1303	fd_set rd;
1304	int r, xfd;
1305	unsigned int len, offset;
1306	XEvent ev;
1307
1308	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1309	XSync(dpy, False);
1310	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1311	readin = True;
1312	offset = 0;
1313	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1314	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1315	while(running) {
1316		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1317		if(readin)
1318			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1319		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1320		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1321			if(errno == EINTR)
1322				continue;
1323			eprint("select failed\n");
1324		}
1325		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1326			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1327			case -1:
1328				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1329				readin = False;
1330				break;
1331			case 0:
1332				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1333				readin = False;
1334				break;
1335			default:
1336				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1337					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1338						*p = '\0';
1339						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1340						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1341						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1342						offset = r;
1343						if(r)
1344							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1345						break;
1346					}
1347				break;
1348			}
1349			drawbar();
1350		}
1351		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1352			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1353			if(handler[ev.type])
1354				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1355		}
1356	}
1357}
1358
1359void
1360scan(void) {
1361	unsigned int i, num;
1362	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1363	XWindowAttributes wa;
1364
1365	wins = NULL;
1366	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1367		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1368			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1369					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1370				continue;
1371			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1372				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1373		}
1374		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1375			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1376				continue;
1377			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1378					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1379				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1380		}
1381	}
1382	if(wins)
1383		XFree(wins);
1384}
1385
1386void
1387setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1388	long data[] = {state, None};
1389
1390	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1391			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1392}
1393
1394/**
1395 * Idea:
1396 *
1397 * having a geom syntax as follows, which is interpreted as integer.
1398 *
1399 * [-,+][<0..n>|<W,H,B>]
1400 *
1401 *
1402 * B = bar height, W = DisplayWidth(), H = DisplayHeight()
1403 *
1404 * -/+/* /: is relative to current
1405 *
1406 * Then we would come down with <bx>,<by>,<bw>,<bh>,...
1407 *
1408 * "0 0 W B 0 0 W W N E B,W,B,
1409 *
1410 *
1411 */
1412
1413double
1414getdouble(const char *s) {
1415	char *endp;
1416	double result = 0;
1417
1418	fprintf(stderr, "getdouble '%s'\n", s);
1419	switch(*s) {
1420	default: 
1421		result = strtod(s, &endp);
1422		if(s == endp || *endp != 0)
1423			result = strtol(s, &endp, 0);
1424		break;
1425	case 'B': result = dc.font.height + 2; break;
1426	case 'W': result = sw; break;
1427	case 'H': result = sh; break;
1428	}
1429	fprintf(stderr, "getdouble returns '%f'\n", result);
1430	return result;
1431}
1432
1433void
1434setgeom(const char *arg) {
1435	static const char *lastArg = NULL;
1436	char op, *s, *e, *p;
1437	double val;
1438	int i, *map[] = { &bx,  &by,  &bw,  &bh,
1439	                  &wx,  &wy,  &ww,  &wh,
1440	                  &mx,  &my,  &mw,  &mh,
1441	                  &tx,  &ty,  &tw,  &th,
1442	                  &mox, &moy, &mow, &moh };
1443
1444	if(!arg)
1445		arg = lastArg;
1446	else
1447		lastArg = arg;
1448	if(!lastArg)
1449		return;
1450	strncpy(buf, arg, sizeof buf);
1451	for(i = 0, e = s = buf; e && *e; e++)
1452		if(*e == ' ') {
1453			*e = 0;
1454			fprintf(stderr, "next geom arg='%s'\n", s);
1455			op = 0;
1456			/* check if there is an operator */
1457			for(p = s; *p && *p != '-' && *p != '+' && *p != '*' && *p != ':'; p++);
1458			if(*p) {
1459				op = *p;
1460				*p = 0;
1461			}
1462			val = getdouble(s);
1463			fprintf(stderr, "val1: %d\n", val);
1464			if(p > s) { /* intermediate operand, e.g. H-B */
1465				*(map[i]) = val;
1466				s = ++p;
1467				val = getdouble(s);
1468				fprintf(stderr, "val2: %d\n", val);
1469			}
1470			switch(op) {
1471			default: *(map[i])   = val; break;
1472			case '-': *(map[i]) -= val; break;
1473			case '+': *(map[i]) += val; break;
1474			case '*': *(map[i]) *= val; break;
1475			case ':': if(val != 0) *(map[i]) /= val; break;
1476			}
1477			fprintf(stderr, "map[i]='%d'\n", val);
1478			s = ++e;
1479			i++;
1480		}
1481	updatebarpos();
1482	arrange();
1483}
1484
1485void
1486setlayout(const char *arg) {
1487	static Layout *revert = 0;
1488	unsigned int i;
1489
1490	if(!arg)
1491		return;
1492	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1493		if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1494			break;
1495	if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1496		return;
1497	if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1498		lt = revert;
1499	else {
1500		revert = lt;
1501		lt = &layouts[i];
1502	}
1503	if(sel)
1504		arrange();
1505	else
1506		drawbar();
1507}
1508
1509void
1510setup(void) {
1511	unsigned int i;
1512	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1513
1514	/* init screen */
1515	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1516	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1517	initfont(FONT);
1518
1519	/* apply default dimensions */
1520	sx = 0;
1521	sy = 0;
1522	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1523	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1524	setgeom(GEOMETRY);
1525
1526	/* init atoms */
1527	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1528	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1529	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1530	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1531	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1532	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1533
1534	/* init cursors */
1535	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1536	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1537	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1538
1539	/* init appearance */
1540	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1541	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1542	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1543	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1544	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1545	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1546	initfont(FONT);
1547	dc.h = bh;
1548	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1549	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1550	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1551	if(!dc.font.set)
1552		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1553
1554	/* init tags */
1555	seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1556	prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1557	seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1558
1559	/* init layouts */
1560	lt = &layouts[0];
1561
1562	/* init bar */
1563	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1564		i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1565		if(i > blw)
1566			blw = i;
1567	}
1568
1569	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1570	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1571	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1572
1573	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1574				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1575				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1576	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1577	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1578	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1579	drawbar();
1580
1581	/* EWMH support per view */
1582	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1583			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1584
1585	/* select for events */
1586	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1587			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1588	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1589	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1590
1591
1592	/* grab keys */
1593	grabkeys();
1594}
1595
1596void
1597spawn(const char *arg) {
1598	static char *shell = NULL;
1599
1600	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1601		shell = "/bin/sh";
1602	if(!arg)
1603		return;
1604	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1605	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1606	if(fork() == 0) {
1607		if(fork() == 0) {
1608			if(dpy)
1609				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1610			setsid();
1611			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1612			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1613			perror(" failed");
1614		}
1615		exit(0);
1616	}
1617	wait(0);
1618}
1619
1620void
1621tag(const char *arg) {
1622	unsigned int i;
1623
1624	if(!sel)
1625		return;
1626	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1627		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1628	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1629	arrange();
1630}
1631
1632unsigned int
1633textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1634	XRectangle r;
1635
1636	if(dc.font.set) {
1637		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1638		return r.width;
1639	}
1640	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1641}
1642
1643unsigned int
1644textw(const char *text) {
1645	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1646}
1647
1648void
1649tileh(void) {
1650	int x, w;
1651	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1652	Client *c;
1653
1654	if(n == 0)
1655		return;
1656	c = tilemaster(n);
1657	if(--n == 0)
1658		return;
1659
1660	x = tx;
1661	w = tw / n;
1662	if(w < bh)
1663		w = tw;
1664
1665	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1666		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1667			tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1668		else
1669			tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1670		if(w != tw)
1671			x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border;
1672	}
1673}
1674
1675Client *
1676tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1677	Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1678
1679	if(n == 1)
1680		tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->border, moh - 2 * c->border);
1681	else
1682		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->border, mh - 2 * c->border);
1683	return c;
1684}
1685
1686void
1687tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1688	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1689	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1690		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1691		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1692}
1693
1694void
1695tilev(void) {
1696	int y, h;
1697	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1698	Client *c;
1699
1700	if(n == 0)
1701		return;
1702	c = tilemaster(n);
1703	if(--n == 0)
1704		return;
1705
1706	y = ty;
1707	h = th / n;
1708	if(h < bh)
1709		h = th;
1710
1711	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1712		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1713			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->border);
1714		else
1715			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, h - 2 * c->border);
1716		if(h != th)
1717			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1718	}
1719}
1720
1721void
1722togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1723	if(!sel)
1724		return;
1725	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1726	if(sel->isfloating)
1727		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1728	arrange();
1729}
1730
1731void
1732toggletag(const char *arg) {
1733	unsigned int i, j;
1734
1735	if(!sel)
1736		return;
1737	i = idxoftag(arg);
1738	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1739	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1740	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1741		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1742	arrange();
1743}
1744
1745void
1746toggleview(const char *arg) {
1747	unsigned int i, j;
1748
1749	i = idxoftag(arg);
1750	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1751	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1752	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1753		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1754	arrange();
1755}
1756
1757void
1758unban(Client *c) {
1759	if(!c->isbanned)
1760		return;
1761	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1762	c->isbanned = False;
1763}
1764
1765void
1766unmanage(Client *c) {
1767	XWindowChanges wc;
1768
1769	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1770	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1771	XGrabServer(dpy);
1772	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1773	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1774	detach(c);
1775	detachstack(c);
1776	if(sel == c)
1777		focus(NULL);
1778	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1779	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1780	free(c->tags);
1781	free(c);
1782	XSync(dpy, False);
1783	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1784	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1785	arrange();
1786}
1787
1788void
1789unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1790	Client *c;
1791	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1792
1793	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1794		unmanage(c);
1795}
1796
1797void
1798updatebarpos(void) {
1799
1800	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1801		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1802	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1803	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1804}
1805
1806void
1807updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1808	long msize;
1809	XSizeHints size;
1810
1811	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1812		size.flags = PSize;
1813	c->flags = size.flags;
1814	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1815		c->basew = size.base_width;
1816		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1817	}
1818	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1819		c->basew = size.min_width;
1820		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1821	}
1822	else
1823		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1824	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1825		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1826		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1827	}
1828	else
1829		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1830	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1831		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1832		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1833	}
1834	else
1835		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1836	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1837		c->minw = size.min_width;
1838		c->minh = size.min_height;
1839	}
1840	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1841		c->minw = size.base_width;
1842		c->minh = size.base_height;
1843	}
1844	else
1845		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1846	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1847		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1848		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1849		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1850		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1851	}
1852	else
1853		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1854	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1855			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1856}
1857
1858void
1859updatetitle(Client *c) {
1860	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1861		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1862}
1863
1864void
1865updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1866	XWMHints *wmh;
1867
1868	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1869		if(c == sel)
1870			sel->isurgent = False;
1871		else
1872			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1873		XFree(wmh);
1874	}
1875}
1876
1877
1878void
1879view(const char *arg) {
1880	unsigned int i;
1881
1882	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1883		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1884	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1885
1886	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1887		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1888		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1889		arrange();
1890	}
1891}
1892
1893void
1894viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1895
1896	memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1897	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1898	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1899	arrange();
1900}
1901
1902/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1903 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1904 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1905int
1906xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1907	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1908	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1909	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1910	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1911	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1912	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1913	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1914	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1915		return 0;
1916	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1917		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1918	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1919}
1920
1921int
1922xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1923	return 0;
1924}
1925
1926/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1927 * is already running. */
1928int
1929xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1930	otherwm = True;
1931	return -1;
1932}
1933
1934void
1935zoom(const char *arg) {
1936	Client *c = sel;
1937
1938	if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1939		return;
1940	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1941		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1942			return;
1943	detach(c);
1944	attach(c);
1945	focus(c);
1946	arrange();
1947}
1948
1949int
1950main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1951	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1952		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1953	else if(argc != 1)
1954		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1955
1956	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1957	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1958		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1959
1960	checkotherwm();
1961	setup();
1962	scan();
1963	run();
1964	cleanup();
1965
1966	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1967	return 0;
1968}