1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  48#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49
  50/* enums */
  51enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  52enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  53enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  54enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  55
  56/* typedefs */
  57typedef struct Client Client;
  58struct Client {
  59	char name[256];
  60	int x, y, w, h;
  61	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  62	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  63	long flags;
  64	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  65	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  66	Bool *tags;
  67	Client *next;
  68	Client *prev;
  69	Client *snext;
  70	Window win;
  71};
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	int x, y, w, h;
  75	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  76	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  77	Drawable drawable;
  78	GC gc;
  79	struct {
  80		int ascent;
  81		int descent;
  82		int height;
  83		XFontSet set;
  84		XFontStruct *xfont;
  85	} font;
  86} DC; /* draw context */
  87
  88typedef struct {
  89	unsigned long mod;
  90	KeySym keysym;
  91	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  92	const char *arg;
  93} Key;
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	const char *symbol;
  97	void (*arrange)(void);
  98	Bool isfloating;
  99} Layout;
 100
 101typedef struct {
 102	const char *prop;
 103	const char *tag;
 104	Bool isfloating;
 105} Rule;
 106
 107/* function declarations */
 108void applyrules(Client *c);
 109void arrange(void);
 110void attach(Client *c);
 111void attachstack(Client *c);
 112void ban(Client *c);
 113void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 114void checkotherwm(void);
 115void cleanup(void);
 116void configure(Client *c);
 117void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 118void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 119void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 120void detach(Client *c);
 121void detachstack(Client *c);
 122void drawbar(void);
 123void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 124void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 125void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 126void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 127void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 128void expose(XEvent *e);
 129void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 130void focus(Client *c);
 131void focusin(XEvent *e);
 132void focusnext(const char *arg);
 133void focusprev(const char *arg);
 134Client *getclient(Window w);
 135unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 136long getstate(Window w);
 137Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 138void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 139void grabkeys(void);
 140unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 141void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 142Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 143Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 144Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 145Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 146void keypress(XEvent *e);
 147void killclient(const char *arg);
 148void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 149void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 150void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 151void monocle(void);
 152void movemouse(Client *c);
 153Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 154void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 155void quit(const char *arg);
 156void reapply(const char *arg);
 157void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 158void resizemouse(Client *c);
 159void restack(void);
 160void run(void);
 161void scan(void);
 162void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 163void setdefaultgeoms(void);
 164void setlayout(const char *arg);
 165void setup(void);
 166void spawn(const char *arg);
 167void tag(const char *arg);
 168unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 169unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 170void tileh(void);
 171void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 172unsigned int tilemaster(void);
 173void tilev(void);
 174void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 175void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 176void toggletag(const char *arg);
 177void toggleview(const char *arg);
 178void unban(Client *c);
 179void unmanage(Client *c);
 180void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 181void updatebarpos(void);
 182void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 183void updatetitle(Client *c);
 184void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 185void view(const char *arg);
 186void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 187int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 188int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190void zoom(const char *arg);
 191
 192/* variables */
 193char stext[256], buf[256];
 194int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 195int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 196int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 197unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 198void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 199	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 200	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 201	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 202	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 203	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 204	[Expose] = expose,
 205	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 206	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 207	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 208	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 209	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 210	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 211};
 212Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 213Bool otherwm, readin;
 214Bool running = True;
 215Bool *prevtags;
 216Bool *seltags;
 217Client *clients = NULL;
 218Client *sel = NULL;
 219Client *stack = NULL;
 220Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 221Display *dpy;
 222DC dc = {0};
 223Layout *lt = NULL;
 224Window root, barwin;
 225void (*setgeoms)(void) = setdefaultgeoms;
 226
 227/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 228#include "config.h"
 229#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 230static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 231
 232/* function implementations */
 233
 234void
 235applyrules(Client *c) {
 236	unsigned int i;
 237	Bool matched = False;
 238	Rule *r;
 239	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 240
 241	/* rule matching */
 242	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 243	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 244		r = &rules[i];
 245		if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 246		|| (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 247		|| (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 248		{
 249			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 250			if(r->tag) {
 251				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 252				matched = True;
 253			}
 254		}
 255	}
 256	if(ch.res_class)
 257		XFree(ch.res_class);
 258	if(ch.res_name)
 259		XFree(ch.res_name);
 260	if(!matched)
 261		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 262}
 263
 264void
 265arrange(void) {
 266	Client *c;
 267
 268	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 269		if(isvisible(c))
 270			unban(c);
 271		else
 272			ban(c);
 273
 274	focus(NULL);
 275	lt->arrange();
 276	restack();
 277}
 278
 279void
 280attach(Client *c) {
 281	if(clients)
 282		clients->prev = c;
 283	c->next = clients;
 284	clients = c;
 285}
 286
 287void
 288attachstack(Client *c) {
 289	c->snext = stack;
 290	stack = c;
 291}
 292
 293void
 294ban(Client *c) {
 295	if(c->isbanned)
 296		return;
 297	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 298	c->isbanned = True;
 299}
 300
 301void
 302buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 303	unsigned int i, x;
 304	Client *c;
 305	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 306
 307	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 308		x = 0;
 309		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 310			x += textw(tags[i]);
 311			if(ev->x < x) {
 312				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 313					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 314						tag(tags[i]);
 315					else
 316						view(tags[i]);
 317				}
 318				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 319					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 320						toggletag(tags[i]);
 321					else
 322						toggleview(tags[i]);
 323				}
 324				return;
 325			}
 326		}
 327	}
 328	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 329		focus(c);
 330		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 331			return;
 332		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 333			restack();
 334			movemouse(c);
 335		}
 336		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 337			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 338				togglefloating(NULL);
 339			else
 340				zoom(NULL);
 341		}
 342		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 343			restack();
 344			resizemouse(c);
 345		}
 346	}
 347}
 348
 349void
 350checkotherwm(void) {
 351	otherwm = False;
 352	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 353
 354	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 355	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 356	XSync(dpy, False);
 357	if(otherwm)
 358		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 359	XSync(dpy, False);
 360	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 361	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 362	XSync(dpy, False);
 363}
 364
 365void
 366cleanup(void) {
 367	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 368	while(stack) {
 369		unban(stack);
 370		unmanage(stack);
 371	}
 372	if(dc.font.set)
 373		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 374	else
 375		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 376	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 377	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 378	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 379	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 380	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 381	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 382	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 383	XSync(dpy, False);
 384	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 385}
 386
 387void
 388configure(Client *c) {
 389	XConfigureEvent ce;
 390
 391	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 392	ce.display = dpy;
 393	ce.event = c->win;
 394	ce.window = c->win;
 395	ce.x = c->x;
 396	ce.y = c->y;
 397	ce.width = c->w;
 398	ce.height = c->h;
 399	ce.border_width = c->border;
 400	ce.above = None;
 401	ce.override_redirect = False;
 402	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 403}
 404
 405void
 406configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 407	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 408
 409	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 410		setgeoms();
 411		arrange();
 412	}
 413}
 414
 415void
 416configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 417	Client *c;
 418	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 419	XWindowChanges wc;
 420
 421	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 422		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 423			c->border = ev->border_width;
 424		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 425			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 426				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 427			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 428				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 429			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 430				c->w = ev->width;
 431			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 432				c->h = ev->height;
 433			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 434				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 435			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 436				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 437			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 438			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 439				configure(c);
 440			if(isvisible(c))
 441				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 442		}
 443		else
 444			configure(c);
 445	}
 446	else {
 447		wc.x = ev->x;
 448		wc.y = ev->y;
 449		wc.width = ev->width;
 450		wc.height = ev->height;
 451		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 452		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 453		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 454		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 455	}
 456	XSync(dpy, False);
 457}
 458
 459void
 460destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 461	Client *c;
 462	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 463
 464	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 465		unmanage(c);
 466}
 467
 468void
 469detach(Client *c) {
 470	if(c->prev)
 471		c->prev->next = c->next;
 472	if(c->next)
 473		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 474	if(c == clients)
 475		clients = c->next;
 476	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 477}
 478
 479void
 480detachstack(Client *c) {
 481	Client **tc;
 482
 483	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 484	*tc = c->snext;
 485}
 486
 487void
 488drawbar(void) {
 489	int i, x;
 490	Client *c;
 491
 492	dc.x = 0;
 493	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 494	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 495		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 496		if(seltags[i]) {
 497			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 498			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 499		}
 500		else {
 501			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 502			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 503		}
 504		dc.x += dc.w;
 505	}
 506	dc.w = blw;
 507	drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 508	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 509	dc.w = textw(stext);
 510	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 511	if(dc.x < x) {
 512		dc.x = x;
 513		dc.w = bw - x;
 514	}
 515	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 516	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 517		dc.x = x;
 518		if(c) {
 519			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 520			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 521		}
 522		else
 523			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 524	}
 525	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 526	XSync(dpy, False);
 527}
 528
 529void
 530drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 531	int x;
 532	XGCValues gcv;
 533	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 534
 535	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 536	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 537	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 538	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 539	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 540	if(filled) {
 541		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 542		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 543	}
 544	else if(empty) {
 545		r.width = r.height = x;
 546		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 547	}
 548}
 549
 550void
 551drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 552	int x, y, w, h;
 553	unsigned int len, olen;
 554	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 555
 556	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 557	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 558	if(!text)
 559		return;
 560	w = 0;
 561	olen = len = strlen(text);
 562	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 563		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 564	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 565	buf[len] = 0;
 566	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 567	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 568	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 569	/* shorten text if necessary */
 570	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 571		buf[--len] = 0;
 572	if(len < olen) {
 573		if(len > 1)
 574			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 575		if(len > 2)
 576			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 577		if(len > 3)
 578			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 579	}
 580	if(w > dc.w)
 581		return; /* too long */
 582	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 583	if(dc.font.set)
 584		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 585	else
 586		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 587}
 588
 589void *
 590emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 591	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 592
 593	if(!res)
 594		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 595	return res;
 596}
 597
 598void
 599enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 600	Client *c;
 601	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 602
 603	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 604		return;
 605	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 606		focus(c);
 607	else
 608		focus(NULL);
 609}
 610
 611void
 612eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 613	va_list ap;
 614
 615	va_start(ap, errstr);
 616	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 617	va_end(ap);
 618	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 619}
 620
 621void
 622expose(XEvent *e) {
 623	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 624
 625	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 626		drawbar();
 627}
 628
 629void
 630floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 631	Client *c;
 632
 633	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 634		if(isvisible(c))
 635			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 636}
 637
 638void
 639focus(Client *c) {
 640	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 641		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 642	if(sel && sel != c) {
 643		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 644		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 645	}
 646	if(c) {
 647		detachstack(c);
 648		attachstack(c);
 649		grabbuttons(c, True);
 650	}
 651	sel = c;
 652	if(c) {
 653		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 654		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 655	}
 656	else
 657		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 658	drawbar();
 659}
 660
 661void
 662focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 663	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 664
 665	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 666		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 667}
 668
 669void
 670focusnext(const char *arg) {
 671	Client *c;
 672
 673	if(!sel)
 674		return;
 675	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 676	if(!c)
 677		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 678	if(c) {
 679		focus(c);
 680		restack();
 681	}
 682}
 683
 684void
 685focusprev(const char *arg) {
 686	Client *c;
 687
 688	if(!sel)
 689		return;
 690	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 691	if(!c) {
 692		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 693		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 694	}
 695	if(c) {
 696		focus(c);
 697		restack();
 698	}
 699}
 700
 701Client *
 702getclient(Window w) {
 703	Client *c;
 704
 705	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 706	return c;
 707}
 708
 709unsigned long
 710getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 711	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 712	XColor color;
 713
 714	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 715		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 716	return color.pixel;
 717}
 718
 719long
 720getstate(Window w) {
 721	int format, status;
 722	long result = -1;
 723	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 724	unsigned long n, extra;
 725	Atom real;
 726
 727	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 728			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 729	if(status != Success)
 730		return -1;
 731	if(n != 0)
 732		result = *p;
 733	XFree(p);
 734	return result;
 735}
 736
 737Bool
 738gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 739	char **list = NULL;
 740	int n;
 741	XTextProperty name;
 742
 743	if(!text || size == 0)
 744		return False;
 745	text[0] = '\0';
 746	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 747	if(!name.nitems)
 748		return False;
 749	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 750		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 751	else {
 752		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 753		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 754			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 755			XFreeStringList(list);
 756		}
 757	}
 758	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 759	XFree(name.value);
 760	return True;
 761}
 762
 763void
 764grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 765	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 766
 767	if(focused) {
 768		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 769				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 770		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 771				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 772		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 773				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 774		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 775				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 776
 777		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 778				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 779		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 780				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 781		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 782				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 783		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 784				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 785
 786		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 787				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 788		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 789				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 790		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 791				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 792		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 793				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 794	}
 795	else
 796		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 797				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 798}
 799
 800void
 801grabkeys(void)  {
 802	unsigned int i, j;
 803	KeyCode code;
 804	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 805
 806	/* init modifier map */
 807	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 808	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 809		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 810			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 811				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 812		}
 813	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 814
 815	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 816	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 817		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 818		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 819				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 820		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 822		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 824		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 826	}
 827}
 828
 829unsigned int
 830idxoftag(const char *t) {
 831	unsigned int i;
 832
 833	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 834	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 835}
 836
 837void
 838initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 839	char *def, **missing;
 840	int i, n;
 841
 842	missing = NULL;
 843	if(dc.font.set)
 844		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 845	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 846	if(missing) {
 847		while(n--)
 848			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 849		XFreeStringList(missing);
 850	}
 851	if(dc.font.set) {
 852		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 853		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 854		char **font_names;
 855		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 856		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 857		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 858		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 859			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 860				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 861			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 862				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 863			xfonts++;
 864		}
 865	}
 866	else {
 867		if(dc.font.xfont)
 868			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 869		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 870		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 871		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 872			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 873		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 874		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 875	}
 876	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 877}
 878
 879Bool
 880isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 881	Client *c;
 882
 883	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 884		if(c->tags[t])
 885			return True;
 886	return False;
 887}
 888
 889Bool
 890isprotodel(Client *c) {
 891	int i, n;
 892	Atom *protocols;
 893	Bool ret = False;
 894
 895	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 896		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 897			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 898				ret = True;
 899		XFree(protocols);
 900	}
 901	return ret;
 902}
 903
 904Bool
 905isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 906	Client *c;
 907
 908	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 909		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 910			return True;
 911	return False;
 912}
 913
 914Bool
 915isvisible(Client *c) {
 916	unsigned int i;
 917
 918	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 919		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 920			return True;
 921	return False;
 922}
 923
 924void
 925keypress(XEvent *e) {
 926	unsigned int i;
 927	KeySym keysym;
 928	XKeyEvent *ev;
 929
 930	ev = &e->xkey;
 931	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 932	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 933		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 934		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 935		{
 936			if(keys[i].func)
 937				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 938		}
 939}
 940
 941void
 942killclient(const char *arg) {
 943	XEvent ev;
 944
 945	if(!sel)
 946		return;
 947	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 948		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 949		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 950		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 951		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 952		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 953		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 954		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 955	}
 956	else
 957		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 958}
 959
 960void
 961manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 962	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 963	Status rettrans;
 964	Window trans;
 965	XWindowChanges wc;
 966
 967	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 968	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 969	c->win = w;
 970
 971	/* geometry */
 972	c->x = wa->x;
 973	c->y = wa->y;
 974	c->w = wa->width;
 975	c->h = wa->height;
 976	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 977	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 978		c->x = sx;
 979		c->y = sy;
 980		c->border = wa->border_width;
 981	}
 982	else {
 983		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wx + ww)
 984			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
 985		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > wy + wh)
 986			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
 987		if(c->x < wx)
 988			c->x = wx;
 989		if(c->y < wy)
 990			c->y = wy;
 991		c->border = BORDERPX;
 992	}
 993
 994	wc.border_width = c->border;
 995	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 996	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 997	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 998	updatesizehints(c);
 999	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1000	grabbuttons(c, False);
1001	updatetitle(c);
1002	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1003		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1004	if(t)
1005		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1006	else
1007		applyrules(c);
1008	if(!c->isfloating)
1009		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1010	attach(c);
1011	attachstack(c);
1012	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1013	ban(c);
1014	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1015	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1016	arrange();
1017}
1018
1019void
1020mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1021	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1022
1023	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1024	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1025		grabkeys();
1026}
1027
1028void
1029maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1030	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1031	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1032
1033	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1034		return;
1035	if(wa.override_redirect)
1036		return;
1037	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1038		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1039}
1040
1041void
1042monocle(void) { 
1043	Client *c;
1044
1045	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1046		if(isvisible(c))
1047			resize(c, mox, moy, mow, moh, RESIZEHINTS);
1048}
1049
1050void
1051movemouse(Client *c) {
1052	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1053	unsigned int dui;
1054	Window dummy;
1055	XEvent ev;
1056
1057	ocx = nx = c->x;
1058	ocy = ny = c->y;
1059	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1060			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1061		return;
1062	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1063	for(;;) {
1064		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1065		switch (ev.type) {
1066		case ButtonRelease:
1067			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1068			return;
1069		case ConfigureRequest:
1070		case Expose:
1071		case MapRequest:
1072			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1073			break;
1074		case MotionNotify:
1075			XSync(dpy, False);
1076			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1077			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1078			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1079				nx = wx;
1080			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1081				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1082			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1083				ny = wy;
1084			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1085				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1086			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1087				togglefloating(NULL);
1088			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1089				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1090			break;
1091		}
1092	}
1093}
1094
1095Client *
1096nexttiled(Client *c) {
1097	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1098	return c;
1099}
1100
1101void
1102propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1103	Client *c;
1104	Window trans;
1105	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1106
1107	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1108		return; /* ignore */
1109	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1110		switch (ev->atom) {
1111		default: break;
1112		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1113			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1114			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1115				arrange();
1116			break;
1117		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1118			updatesizehints(c);
1119			break;
1120		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1121			updatewmhints(c);
1122			drawbar();
1123			break;
1124		}
1125		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1126			updatetitle(c);
1127			if(c == sel)
1128				drawbar();
1129		}
1130	}
1131}
1132
1133void
1134quit(const char *arg) {
1135	readin = running = False;
1136}
1137
1138void
1139reapply(const char *arg) {
1140	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1141	Client *c;
1142
1143	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1144		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1145		applyrules(c);
1146	}
1147	arrange();
1148}
1149
1150void
1151resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1152	XWindowChanges wc;
1153
1154	if(sizehints) {
1155		/* set minimum possible */
1156		if (w < 1)
1157			w = 1;
1158		if (h < 1)
1159			h = 1;
1160
1161		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1162		w -= c->basew;
1163		h -= c->baseh;
1164
1165		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1166		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1167			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1168				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1169			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1170				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1171		}
1172
1173		/* adjust for increment value */
1174		if(c->incw)
1175			w -= w % c->incw;
1176		if(c->inch)
1177			h -= h % c->inch;
1178
1179		/* restore base dimensions */
1180		w += c->basew;
1181		h += c->baseh;
1182
1183		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1184			w = c->minw;
1185		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1186			h = c->minh;
1187		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1188			w = c->maxw;
1189		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1190			h = c->maxh;
1191	}
1192	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1193		return;
1194	if(x > sx + sw)
1195		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1196	if(y > sy + sh)
1197		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1198	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1199		x = sx;
1200	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1201		y = sy;
1202	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1203		c->x = wc.x = x;
1204		c->y = wc.y = y;
1205		c->w = wc.width = w;
1206		c->h = wc.height = h;
1207		wc.border_width = c->border;
1208		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1209				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1210		configure(c);
1211		XSync(dpy, False);
1212	}
1213}
1214
1215void
1216resizemouse(Client *c) {
1217	int ocx, ocy;
1218	int nw, nh;
1219	XEvent ev;
1220
1221	ocx = c->x;
1222	ocy = c->y;
1223	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1224			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1225		return;
1226	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1227	for(;;) {
1228		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1229		switch(ev.type) {
1230		case ButtonRelease:
1231			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1232					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1233			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1234			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1235			return;
1236		case ConfigureRequest:
1237		case Expose:
1238		case MapRequest:
1239			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1240			break;
1241		case MotionNotify:
1242			XSync(dpy, False);
1243			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1244				nw = 1;
1245			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1246				nh = 1;
1247			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1248				togglefloating(NULL);
1249			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1250				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1251			break;
1252		}
1253	}
1254}
1255
1256void
1257restack(void) {
1258	Client *c;
1259	XEvent ev;
1260	XWindowChanges wc;
1261
1262	drawbar();
1263	if(!sel)
1264		return;
1265	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1266		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1267	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1268		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1269		wc.sibling = barwin;
1270		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1271			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1272			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1273		}
1274		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1275			if(c == sel)
1276				continue;
1277			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1278			wc.sibling = c->win;
1279		}
1280	}
1281	XSync(dpy, False);
1282	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1283}
1284
1285void
1286run(void) {
1287	char *p;
1288	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1289	fd_set rd;
1290	int r, xfd;
1291	unsigned int len, offset;
1292	XEvent ev;
1293
1294	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1295	XSync(dpy, False);
1296	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1297	readin = True;
1298	offset = 0;
1299	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1300	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1301	while(running) {
1302		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1303		if(readin)
1304			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1305		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1306		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1307			if(errno == EINTR)
1308				continue;
1309			eprint("select failed\n");
1310		}
1311		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1312			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1313			case -1:
1314				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1315				readin = False;
1316				break;
1317			case 0:
1318				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1319				readin = False;
1320				break;
1321			default:
1322				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1323					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1324						*p = '\0';
1325						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1326						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1327						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1328						offset = r;
1329						if(r)
1330							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1331						break;
1332					}
1333				break;
1334			}
1335			drawbar();
1336		}
1337		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1338			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1339			if(handler[ev.type])
1340				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1341		}
1342	}
1343}
1344
1345void
1346scan(void) {
1347	unsigned int i, num;
1348	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1349	XWindowAttributes wa;
1350
1351	wins = NULL;
1352	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1353		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1354			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1355					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1356				continue;
1357			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1358				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1359		}
1360		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1361			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1362				continue;
1363			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1364					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1365				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1366		}
1367	}
1368	if(wins)
1369		XFree(wins);
1370}
1371
1372void
1373setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1374	long data[] = {state, None};
1375
1376	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1377			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1378}
1379
1380void
1381setdefaultgeoms(void) {
1382
1383	/* screen dimensions */
1384	sx = 0;
1385	sy = 0;
1386	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1387	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1388
1389	/* bar position */
1390	bx = sx;
1391	by = sy;
1392	bw = sw;
1393	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1394
1395	/* window area */
1396	wx = sx;
1397	wy = sy + bh;
1398	ww = sw;
1399	wh = sh - bh;
1400
1401	/* master area */
1402	mx = wx;
1403	my = wy;
1404	mw = ((float)sw) * 0.55;
1405	mh = wh;
1406
1407	/* tile area */
1408	tx = wx;
1409	ty = wy;
1410	tw = ww - mw;
1411	th = wh;
1412
1413	/* monocle area */
1414	mox = wx;
1415	moy = wy;
1416	mow = ww;
1417	moh = wh;
1418
1419	updatebarpos();
1420}
1421
1422void
1423setlayout(const char *arg) {
1424	static Layout *revert = 0;
1425	unsigned int i;
1426
1427	if(!arg)
1428		return;
1429	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1430		if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1431			break;
1432	if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1433		return;
1434	if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1435		lt = revert;
1436	else {
1437		revert = lt;
1438		lt = &layouts[i];
1439	}
1440	if(sel)
1441		arrange();
1442	else
1443		drawbar();
1444}
1445
1446void
1447setup(void) {
1448	unsigned int i;
1449	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1450
1451	/* init screen */
1452	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1453	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1454	initfont(FONT);
1455
1456	/* apply default geometries */
1457	setgeoms();
1458
1459	/* init atoms */
1460	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1461	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1462	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1463	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1464	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1465	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1466
1467	/* init cursors */
1468	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1469	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1470	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1471
1472	/* init appearance */
1473	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1474	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1475	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1476	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1477	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1478	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1479	initfont(FONT);
1480	dc.h = bh;
1481	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1482	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1483	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1484	if(!dc.font.set)
1485		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1486
1487	/* init tags */
1488	seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1489	prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1490	seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1491
1492	/* init layouts */
1493	lt = &layouts[0];
1494
1495	/* init bar */
1496	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1497		i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1498		if(i > blw)
1499			blw = i;
1500	}
1501
1502	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1503	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1504	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1505
1506	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1507				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1508				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1509	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1510	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1511	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1512	drawbar();
1513
1514	/* EWMH support per view */
1515	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1516			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1517
1518	/* select for events */
1519	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1520			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1521	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1522	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1523
1524
1525	/* grab keys */
1526	grabkeys();
1527}
1528
1529void
1530spawn(const char *arg) {
1531	static char *shell = NULL;
1532
1533	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1534		shell = "/bin/sh";
1535	if(!arg)
1536		return;
1537	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1538	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1539	if(fork() == 0) {
1540		if(fork() == 0) {
1541			if(dpy)
1542				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1543			setsid();
1544			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1545			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1546			perror(" failed");
1547		}
1548		exit(0);
1549	}
1550	wait(0);
1551}
1552
1553void
1554tag(const char *arg) {
1555	unsigned int i;
1556
1557	if(!sel)
1558		return;
1559	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1560		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1561	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1562	arrange();
1563}
1564
1565unsigned int
1566textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1567	XRectangle r;
1568
1569	if(dc.font.set) {
1570		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1571		return r.width;
1572	}
1573	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1574}
1575
1576unsigned int
1577textw(const char *text) {
1578	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1579}
1580
1581void
1582tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1583	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1584	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1585		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1586		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1587}
1588
1589void
1590tileh(void) {
1591	tilehstack(tilemaster());
1592}
1593
1594void
1595tilehstack(unsigned int n) {
1596	int i, x, w;
1597	Client *c;
1598
1599	if(n == 0)
1600		return;
1601
1602	x = tx;
1603	w = tw / n;
1604	if(w < bh)
1605		w = tw;
1606
1607	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
1608		if(i > 0) {
1609			if(i > 1 && i == n) /* remainder */
1610				tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->border,
1611				              th - 2 * c->border);
1612			else
1613				tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->border,
1614				              th - 2 * c->border);
1615			if(w != tw)
1616				x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border;
1617		}
1618}
1619
1620unsigned int
1621tilemaster(void) {
1622	unsigned int n;
1623	Client *c, *mc;
1624
1625	for(n = 0, mc = c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1626		n++;
1627	if(n == 0)
1628		return 0;
1629	if(n == 1)
1630		tileresize(mc, mox, moy, mow - 2 * mc->border, moh - 2 * mc->border);
1631	else
1632		tileresize(mc, mx, my, mw - 2 * mc->border, mh - 2 * mc->border);
1633	return n - 1;
1634}
1635
1636void
1637tilev(void) {
1638	tilevstack(tilemaster());
1639}
1640
1641void
1642tilevstack(unsigned int n) {
1643	int i, y, h;
1644	Client *c;
1645
1646	if(n == 0)
1647		return;
1648
1649	y = ty;
1650	h = th / n;
1651	if(h < bh)
1652		h = th;
1653
1654	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
1655		if(i > 0) {
1656			if(i > 1 && i == n) /* remainder */
1657				tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border,
1658				              (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->border);
1659			else
1660				tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border,
1661				              h - 2 * c->border);
1662			if(h != th)
1663				y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1664		}
1665}
1666
1667void
1668togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1669	if(!sel)
1670		return;
1671	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1672	if(sel->isfloating)
1673		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1674	arrange();
1675}
1676
1677void
1678toggletag(const char *arg) {
1679	unsigned int i, j;
1680
1681	if(!sel)
1682		return;
1683	i = idxoftag(arg);
1684	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1685	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1686	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1687		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1688	arrange();
1689}
1690
1691void
1692toggleview(const char *arg) {
1693	unsigned int i, j;
1694
1695	i = idxoftag(arg);
1696	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1697	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1698	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1699		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1700	arrange();
1701}
1702
1703void
1704unban(Client *c) {
1705	if(!c->isbanned)
1706		return;
1707	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1708	c->isbanned = False;
1709}
1710
1711void
1712unmanage(Client *c) {
1713	XWindowChanges wc;
1714
1715	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1716	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1717	XGrabServer(dpy);
1718	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1719	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1720	detach(c);
1721	detachstack(c);
1722	if(sel == c)
1723		focus(NULL);
1724	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1725	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1726	free(c->tags);
1727	free(c);
1728	XSync(dpy, False);
1729	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1730	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1731	arrange();
1732}
1733
1734void
1735unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1736	Client *c;
1737	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1738
1739	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1740		unmanage(c);
1741}
1742
1743void
1744updatebarpos(void) {
1745
1746	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1747		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1748	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1749	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1750}
1751
1752void
1753updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1754	long msize;
1755	XSizeHints size;
1756
1757	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1758		size.flags = PSize;
1759	c->flags = size.flags;
1760	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1761		c->basew = size.base_width;
1762		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1763	}
1764	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1765		c->basew = size.min_width;
1766		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1767	}
1768	else
1769		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1770	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1771		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1772		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1773	}
1774	else
1775		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1776	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1777		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1778		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1779	}
1780	else
1781		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1782	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1783		c->minw = size.min_width;
1784		c->minh = size.min_height;
1785	}
1786	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1787		c->minw = size.base_width;
1788		c->minh = size.base_height;
1789	}
1790	else
1791		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1792	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1793		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1794		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1795		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1796		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1797	}
1798	else
1799		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1800	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1801			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1802}
1803
1804void
1805updatetitle(Client *c) {
1806	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1807		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1808}
1809
1810void
1811updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1812	XWMHints *wmh;
1813
1814	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1815		if(c == sel)
1816			sel->isurgent = False;
1817		else
1818			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1819		XFree(wmh);
1820	}
1821}
1822
1823
1824void
1825view(const char *arg) {
1826	unsigned int i;
1827
1828	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1829		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1830	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1831
1832	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1833		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1834		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1835		arrange();
1836	}
1837}
1838
1839void
1840viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1841
1842	memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1843	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1844	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1845	arrange();
1846}
1847
1848/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1849 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1850 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1851int
1852xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1853	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1854	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1855	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1856	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1857	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1858	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1859	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1860	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1861		return 0;
1862	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1863		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1864	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1865}
1866
1867int
1868xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1869	return 0;
1870}
1871
1872/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1873 * is already running. */
1874int
1875xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1876	otherwm = True;
1877	return -1;
1878}
1879
1880void
1881zoom(const char *arg) {
1882	Client *c = sel;
1883
1884	if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1885		return;
1886	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1887		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1888			return;
1889	detach(c);
1890	attach(c);
1891	focus(c);
1892	arrange();
1893}
1894
1895int
1896main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1897	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1898		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1899	else if(argc != 1)
1900		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1901
1902	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1903	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1904		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1905
1906	checkotherwm();
1907	setup();
1908	scan();
1909	run();
1910	cleanup();
1911
1912	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1913	return 0;
1914}