1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <regex.h>
  37#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  38#include <X11/keysym.h>
  39#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  40#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  41#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  42#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  43
  44/* macros */
  45#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  48#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  49#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  50
  51/* enums */
  52enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  53enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  54enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  55enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  56
  57/* typedefs */
  58typedef struct Client Client;
  59struct Client {
  60	char name[256];
  61	int x, y, w, h;
  62	int rx, ry, rw, rh;
  63	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  64	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  65	long flags;
  66	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  67	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  68	Bool *tags;
  69	Client *next;
  70	Client *prev;
  71	Client *snext;
  72	Window win;
  73};
  74
  75typedef struct {
  76	int x, y, w, h;
  77	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  78	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  79	Drawable drawable;
  80	GC gc;
  81	struct {
  82		int ascent;
  83		int descent;
  84		int height;
  85		XFontSet set;
  86		XFontStruct *xfont;
  87	} font;
  88} DC; /* draw context */
  89
  90typedef struct {
  91	unsigned long mod;
  92	KeySym keysym;
  93	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  94	const char *arg;
  95} Key;
  96
  97typedef struct {
  98	const char *symbol;
  99	void (*arrange)(void);
 100} Layout;
 101
 102typedef struct {
 103	const char *prop;
 104	const char *tag;
 105	Bool isfloating;
 106} Rule;
 107
 108/* function declarations */
 109void applyrules(Client *c);
 110void arrange(void);
 111void attach(Client *c);
 112void attachstack(Client *c);
 113void ban(Client *c);
 114void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 115void checkotherwm(void);
 116void cleanup(void);
 117void configure(Client *c);
 118void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 119void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 120void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 121void detach(Client *c);
 122void detachstack(Client *c);
 123void drawbar(void);
 124void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 125void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 126void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 127void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 128void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 129void expose(XEvent *e);
 130void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 131void focus(Client *c);
 132void focusin(XEvent *e);
 133void focusnext(const char *arg);
 134void focusprev(const char *arg);
 135Client *getclient(Window w);
 136unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 137long getstate(Window w);
 138Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 139void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 140void grabkeys(void);
 141unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 142void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 143Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 144Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 145Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 146Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 147void keypress(XEvent *e);
 148void killclient(const char *arg);
 149void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 150void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 151void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 152void monocle(void);
 153void movemouse(Client *c);
 154Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 155void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 156void quit(const char *arg);
 157void reapply(const char *arg);
 158void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 159void resizemouse(Client *c);
 160void restack(void);
 161void run(void);
 162void scan(void);
 163void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 164void setlayout(const char *arg);
 165void setup(void);
 166void spawn(const char *arg);
 167void tag(const char *arg);
 168unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 169unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 170void tile(void);
 171void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 172void toggletag(const char *arg);
 173void toggleview(const char *arg);
 174void unban(Client *c);
 175void unmanage(Client *c);
 176void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 177void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 178void updatetitle(Client *c);
 179void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 180void view(const char *arg);
 181void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 182int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 183int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 184int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 185void zoom(const char *arg);
 186void selectview(const char *arg);
 187
 188/* variables */
 189char stext[256], buf[256];
 190double mwfact;
 191int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 192int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 193unsigned int bh, bpos;
 194unsigned int blw = 0;
 195unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 196void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 197	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 198	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 199	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 200	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 201	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 202	[Expose] = expose,
 203	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 204	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 205	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 206	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 207	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 208	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 209};
 210Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 211Bool dozoom = True;
 212Bool otherwm, readin;
 213Bool running = True;
 214Bool *prevtags;
 215Bool *seltags;
 216Client *clients = NULL;
 217Client *sel = NULL;
 218Client *stack = NULL;
 219Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 220Display *dpy;
 221DC dc = {0};
 222Layout *lt;
 223Window root, barwin;
 224
 225/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 226#include "config.h"
 227#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 228static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 229
 230/* function implementations */
 231
 232void
 233applyrules(Client *c) {
 234	unsigned int i;
 235	Bool matched = False;
 236	Rule *r;
 237	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 238
 239	/* rule matching */
 240	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 241	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 242		r = &rules[i];
 243		if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 244		|| (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 245		|| (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 246		{
 247			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 248			if(r->tag) {
 249				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 250				matched = True;
 251			}
 252		}
 253	}
 254	if(ch.res_class)
 255		XFree(ch.res_class);
 256	if(ch.res_name)
 257		XFree(ch.res_name);
 258	if(!matched)
 259		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 260}
 261
 262void
 263arrange(void) {
 264	Client *c;
 265
 266	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 267		if(isvisible(c))
 268			unban(c);
 269		else
 270			ban(c);
 271
 272	focus(NULL);
 273	lt->arrange();
 274	restack();
 275}
 276
 277void
 278attach(Client *c) {
 279	if(clients)
 280		clients->prev = c;
 281	c->next = clients;
 282	clients = c;
 283}
 284
 285void
 286attachstack(Client *c) {
 287	c->snext = stack;
 288	stack = c;
 289}
 290
 291void
 292ban(Client *c) {
 293	if(c->isbanned)
 294		return;
 295	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 3 * sw, c->y);
 296	c->isbanned = True;
 297}
 298
 299void
 300buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 301	unsigned int i, x;
 302	Client *c;
 303	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 304
 305	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 306		x = 0;
 307		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 308			x += textw(tags[i]);
 309			if(ev->x < x) {
 310				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 311					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 312						tag(tags[i]);
 313					else
 314						view(tags[i]);
 315				}
 316				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 317					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 318						toggletag(tags[i]);
 319					else
 320						toggleview(tags[i]);
 321				}
 322				return;
 323			}
 324		}
 325	}
 326	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 327		focus(c);
 328		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 329			return;
 330		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 331			restack();
 332			movemouse(c);
 333		}
 334		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 335			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 336				togglefloating(NULL);
 337			else
 338				zoom(NULL);
 339		}
 340		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 341			restack();
 342			resizemouse(c);
 343		}
 344	}
 345}
 346
 347void
 348checkotherwm(void) {
 349	otherwm = False;
 350	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 351
 352	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 353	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 354	XSync(dpy, False);
 355	if(otherwm)
 356		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 357	XSync(dpy, False);
 358	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 359	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 360	XSync(dpy, False);
 361}
 362
 363void
 364cleanup(void) {
 365
 366	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 367	while(stack) {
 368		unban(stack);
 369		unmanage(stack);
 370	}
 371	if(dc.font.set)
 372		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 373	else
 374		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 375
 376	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 377	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 378	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 379	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 380	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 381	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 382	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 383	XSync(dpy, False);
 384	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 385}
 386
 387void
 388configure(Client *c) {
 389	XConfigureEvent ce;
 390
 391	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 392	ce.display = dpy;
 393	ce.event = c->win;
 394	ce.window = c->win;
 395	ce.x = c->x;
 396	ce.y = c->y;
 397	ce.width = c->w;
 398	ce.height = c->h;
 399	ce.border_width = c->border;
 400	ce.above = None;
 401	ce.override_redirect = False;
 402	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 403}
 404
 405void
 406configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 407	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 408
 409	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 410		sw = ev->width;
 411		sh = ev->height;
 412		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 413		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, BW, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 414		XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, BX, BY, BW, bh);
 415		arrange();
 416	}
 417}
 418
 419void
 420configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 421	Client *c;
 422	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 423	XWindowChanges wc;
 424
 425	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 426		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 427			c->border = ev->border_width;
 428		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || (floating == lt->arrange)) {
 429			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 430				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 431			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 432				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 433			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 434				c->w = ev->width;
 435			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 436				c->h = ev->height;
 437			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 438				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 439			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 440				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 441			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 442			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 443				configure(c);
 444			if(isvisible(c))
 445				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 446		}
 447		else
 448			configure(c);
 449	}
 450	else {
 451		wc.x = ev->x;
 452		wc.y = ev->y;
 453		wc.width = ev->width;
 454		wc.height = ev->height;
 455		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 456		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 457		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 458		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 459	}
 460	XSync(dpy, False);
 461}
 462
 463void
 464destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 465	Client *c;
 466	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 467
 468	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 469		unmanage(c);
 470}
 471
 472void
 473detach(Client *c) {
 474	if(c->prev)
 475		c->prev->next = c->next;
 476	if(c->next)
 477		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 478	if(c == clients)
 479		clients = c->next;
 480	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 481}
 482
 483void
 484detachstack(Client *c) {
 485	Client **tc;
 486
 487	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 488	*tc = c->snext;
 489}
 490
 491void
 492drawbar(void) {
 493	int i, x;
 494	Client *c;
 495
 496	dc.x = 0;
 497	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 498	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 499		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 500		if(seltags[i]) {
 501			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 502			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 503		}
 504		else {
 505			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 506			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 507		}
 508		dc.x += dc.w;
 509	}
 510	dc.w = blw;
 511	drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 512	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 513	dc.w = textw(stext);
 514	dc.x = BW - dc.w;
 515	if(dc.x < x) {
 516		dc.x = x;
 517		dc.w = BW - x;
 518	}
 519	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 520	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 521		dc.x = x;
 522		if(c) {
 523			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 524			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 525		}
 526		else
 527			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 528	}
 529	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, BW, bh, 0, 0);
 530	XSync(dpy, False);
 531}
 532
 533void
 534drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 535	int x;
 536	XGCValues gcv;
 537	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 538
 539	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 540	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 541	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 542	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 543	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 544	if(filled) {
 545		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 546		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 547	}
 548	else if(empty) {
 549		r.width = r.height = x;
 550		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 551	}
 552}
 553
 554void
 555drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 556	int x, y, w, h;
 557	unsigned int len, olen;
 558	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 559
 560	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 561	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 562	if(!text)
 563		return;
 564	w = 0;
 565	olen = len = strlen(text);
 566	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 567		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 568	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 569	buf[len] = 0;
 570	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 571	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 572	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 573	/* shorten text if necessary */
 574	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 575		buf[--len] = 0;
 576	if(len < olen) {
 577		if(len > 1)
 578			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 579		if(len > 2)
 580			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 581		if(len > 3)
 582			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 583	}
 584	if(w > dc.w)
 585		return; /* too long */
 586	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 587	if(dc.font.set)
 588		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 589	else
 590		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 591}
 592
 593void *
 594emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 595	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 596
 597	if(!res)
 598		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 599	return res;
 600}
 601
 602void
 603enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 604	Client *c;
 605	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 606
 607	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 608		return;
 609	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 610		focus(c);
 611	else
 612		focus(NULL);
 613}
 614
 615void
 616eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 617	va_list ap;
 618
 619	va_start(ap, errstr);
 620	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 621	va_end(ap);
 622	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 623}
 624
 625void
 626expose(XEvent *e) {
 627	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 628
 629	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 630		drawbar();
 631}
 632
 633void
 634floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 635	Client *c;
 636
 637	dozoom = False;
 638	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 639		if(isvisible(c))
 640			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 641}
 642
 643void
 644focus(Client *c) {
 645	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 646		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 647	if(sel && sel != c) {
 648		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 649		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 650		if(lt->arrange == monocle)
 651			resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
 652	}
 653	if(c) {
 654		detachstack(c);
 655		attachstack(c);
 656		grabbuttons(c, True);
 657		if(lt->arrange == monocle) {
 658			if(sel != c) {
 659				c->rx = c->x;
 660				c->ry = c->y;
 661				c->rw = c->w;
 662				c->rh = c->h;
 663			}
 664			resize(c, MOX, MOY, MOW, MOH, RESIZEHINTS);
 665		}
 666	}
 667	sel = c;
 668	if(c) {
 669		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 670		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 671	}
 672	else
 673		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 674	drawbar();
 675}
 676
 677void
 678focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 679	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 680
 681	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 682		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 683}
 684
 685void
 686focusnext(const char *arg) {
 687	Client *c;
 688
 689	if(!sel)
 690		return;
 691	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 692	if(!c)
 693		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 694	if(c) {
 695		focus(c);
 696		restack();
 697	}
 698}
 699
 700void
 701focusprev(const char *arg) {
 702	Client *c;
 703
 704	if(!sel)
 705		return;
 706	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 707	if(!c) {
 708		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 709		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 710	}
 711	if(c) {
 712		focus(c);
 713		restack();
 714	}
 715}
 716
 717Client *
 718getclient(Window w) {
 719	Client *c;
 720
 721	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 722	return c;
 723}
 724
 725unsigned long
 726getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 727	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 728	XColor color;
 729
 730	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 731		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 732	return color.pixel;
 733}
 734
 735long
 736getstate(Window w) {
 737	int format, status;
 738	long result = -1;
 739	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 740	unsigned long n, extra;
 741	Atom real;
 742
 743	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 744			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 745	if(status != Success)
 746		return -1;
 747	if(n != 0)
 748		result = *p;
 749	XFree(p);
 750	return result;
 751}
 752
 753Bool
 754gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 755	char **list = NULL;
 756	int n;
 757	XTextProperty name;
 758
 759	if(!text || size == 0)
 760		return False;
 761	text[0] = '\0';
 762	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 763	if(!name.nitems)
 764		return False;
 765	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 766		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 767	else {
 768		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 769		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 770			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 771			XFreeStringList(list);
 772		}
 773	}
 774	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 775	XFree(name.value);
 776	return True;
 777}
 778
 779void
 780grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 781	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 782
 783	if(focused) {
 784		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 785				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 786		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 787				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 788		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 789				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 790		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 791				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 792
 793		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 794				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 795		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 796				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 797		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 798				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 799		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 800				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 801
 802		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 807				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810	}
 811	else
 812		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 813				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 814}
 815
 816void
 817grabkeys(void)  {
 818	unsigned int i, j;
 819	KeyCode code;
 820	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 821
 822	/* init modifier map */
 823	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 824	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 825		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 826			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 827				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 828		}
 829	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 830
 831	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 832	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 833		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 834		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 835				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 836		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 837				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 838		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 839				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 840		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 841				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 842	}
 843}
 844
 845unsigned int
 846idxoftag(const char *t) {
 847	unsigned int i;
 848
 849	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 850	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 851}
 852
 853void
 854initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 855	char *def, **missing;
 856	int i, n;
 857
 858	missing = NULL;
 859	if(dc.font.set)
 860		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 861	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 862	if(missing) {
 863		while(n--)
 864			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 865		XFreeStringList(missing);
 866	}
 867	if(dc.font.set) {
 868		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 869		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 870		char **font_names;
 871		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 872		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 873		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 874		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 875			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 876				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 877			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 878				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 879			xfonts++;
 880		}
 881	}
 882	else {
 883		if(dc.font.xfont)
 884			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 885		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 886		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 887		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 888			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 889		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 890		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 891	}
 892	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 893}
 894
 895Bool
 896isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 897	Client *c;
 898
 899	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 900		if(c->tags[t])
 901			return True;
 902	return False;
 903}
 904
 905Bool
 906isprotodel(Client *c) {
 907	int i, n;
 908	Atom *protocols;
 909	Bool ret = False;
 910
 911	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 912		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 913			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 914				ret = True;
 915		XFree(protocols);
 916	}
 917	return ret;
 918}
 919
 920Bool
 921isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 922	Client *c;
 923
 924	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 925		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 926			return True;
 927	return False;
 928}
 929
 930Bool
 931isvisible(Client *c) {
 932	unsigned int i;
 933
 934	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 935		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 936			return True;
 937	return False;
 938}
 939
 940void
 941keypress(XEvent *e) {
 942	unsigned int i;
 943	KeySym keysym;
 944	XKeyEvent *ev;
 945
 946	ev = &e->xkey;
 947	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 948	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 949		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 950		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 951		{
 952			if(keys[i].func)
 953				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 954		}
 955}
 956
 957void
 958killclient(const char *arg) {
 959	XEvent ev;
 960
 961	if(!sel)
 962		return;
 963	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 964		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 965		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 966		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 967		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 968		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 969		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 970		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 971	}
 972	else
 973		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 974}
 975
 976void
 977manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 978	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 979	Status rettrans;
 980	Window trans;
 981	XWindowChanges wc;
 982
 983	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 984	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 985	c->win = w;
 986
 987	c->x = c->rx = wa->x + sx;
 988	c->y = c->ry = wa->y + sy;
 989	c->w = c->rw = wa->width;
 990	c->h = c->rh = wa->height;
 991	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 992
 993	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 994		c->x = sx;
 995		c->y = sy;
 996		c->border = wa->border_width;
 997	}
 998	else {
 999		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > sx + sw)
1000			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1001		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > sy + sh)
1002			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1003		if(c->x < sx)
1004			c->x = sx;
1005		if(c->y < sy)
1006			c->y = sy;
1007		c->border = BORDERPX;
1008	}
1009	wc.border_width = c->border;
1010	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1011	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1012	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1013	updatesizehints(c);
1014	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1015	grabbuttons(c, False);
1016	updatetitle(c);
1017	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1018		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1019	if(t)
1020		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1021	else
1022		applyrules(c);
1023	if(!c->isfloating)
1024		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1025	attach(c);
1026	attachstack(c);
1027	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1028	ban(c);
1029	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1030	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1031	arrange();
1032}
1033
1034void
1035mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1036	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1037
1038	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1039	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1040		grabkeys();
1041}
1042
1043void
1044maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1045	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1046	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1047
1048	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1049		return;
1050	if(wa.override_redirect)
1051		return;
1052	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1053		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1054}
1055
1056void
1057monocle(void) {
1058	dozoom = False;
1059}
1060
1061void
1062movemouse(Client *c) {
1063	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1064	unsigned int dui;
1065	Window dummy;
1066	XEvent ev;
1067
1068	ocx = nx = c->x;
1069	ocy = ny = c->y;
1070	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1071			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1072		return;
1073	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1074	for(;;) {
1075		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1076		switch (ev.type) {
1077		case ButtonRelease:
1078			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1079			return;
1080		case ConfigureRequest:
1081		case Expose:
1082		case MapRequest:
1083			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1084			break;
1085		case MotionNotify:
1086			XSync(dpy, False);
1087			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1088			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1089			if(abs(sx - nx) < SNAP)
1090				nx = sx;
1091			else if(abs((sx + sw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1092				nx = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1093			if(abs(sy - ny) < SNAP)
1094				ny = sy;
1095			else if(abs((sy + sh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1096				ny = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1097			if(!c->isfloating && (lt->arrange != floating) && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1098				togglefloating(NULL);
1099			if((lt->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1100				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1101			break;
1102		}
1103	}
1104}
1105
1106Client *
1107nexttiled(Client *c) {
1108	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1109	return c;
1110}
1111
1112void
1113propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1114	Client *c;
1115	Window trans;
1116	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1117
1118	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1119		return; /* ignore */
1120	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1121		switch (ev->atom) {
1122		default: break;
1123		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1124			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1125			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1126				arrange();
1127			break;
1128		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1129			updatesizehints(c);
1130			break;
1131		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1132			updatewmhints(c);
1133			drawbar();
1134			break;
1135		}
1136		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1137			updatetitle(c);
1138			if(c == sel)
1139				drawbar();
1140		}
1141	}
1142}
1143
1144void
1145quit(const char *arg) {
1146	readin = running = False;
1147}
1148
1149void
1150reapply(const char *arg) {
1151	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1152	Client *c;
1153
1154	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1155		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1156		applyrules(c);
1157	}
1158	arrange();
1159}
1160
1161void
1162resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1163	XWindowChanges wc;
1164
1165	if(sizehints) {
1166		/* set minimum possible */
1167		if (w < 1)
1168			w = 1;
1169		if (h < 1)
1170			h = 1;
1171
1172		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1173		w -= c->basew;
1174		h -= c->baseh;
1175
1176		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1177		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1178			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1179				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1180			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1181				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1182		}
1183
1184		/* adjust for increment value */
1185		if(c->incw)
1186			w -= w % c->incw;
1187		if(c->inch)
1188			h -= h % c->inch;
1189
1190		/* restore base dimensions */
1191		w += c->basew;
1192		h += c->baseh;
1193
1194		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1195			w = c->minw;
1196		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1197			h = c->minh;
1198		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1199			w = c->maxw;
1200		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1201			h = c->maxh;
1202	}
1203	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1204		return;
1205	if(x > sx + sw)
1206		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1207	if(y > sy + sh)
1208		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1209	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1210		x = sx;
1211	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1212		y = sy;
1213	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1214		c->x = wc.x = x;
1215		c->y = wc.y = y;
1216		c->w = wc.width = w;
1217		c->h = wc.height = h;
1218		wc.border_width = c->border;
1219		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1220				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1221		configure(c);
1222		XSync(dpy, False);
1223	}
1224}
1225
1226void
1227resizemouse(Client *c) {
1228	int ocx, ocy;
1229	int nw, nh;
1230	XEvent ev;
1231
1232	ocx = c->x;
1233	ocy = c->y;
1234	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1235			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1236		return;
1237	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1238	for(;;) {
1239		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1240		switch(ev.type) {
1241		case ButtonRelease:
1242			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1243					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1244			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1245			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1246			return;
1247		case ConfigureRequest:
1248		case Expose:
1249		case MapRequest:
1250			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1251			break;
1252		case MotionNotify:
1253			XSync(dpy, False);
1254			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1255				nw = 1;
1256			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1257				nh = 1;
1258			if(!c->isfloating && (lt->arrange != floating) && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1259				togglefloating(NULL);
1260			if((lt->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1261				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1262			break;
1263		}
1264	}
1265}
1266
1267void
1268restack(void) {
1269	Client *c;
1270	XEvent ev;
1271	XWindowChanges wc;
1272
1273	drawbar();
1274	if(!sel)
1275		return;
1276	if(sel->isfloating || (lt->arrange == floating))
1277		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1278	if(lt->arrange != floating) {
1279		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1280		wc.sibling = barwin;
1281		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1282			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1283			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1284		}
1285		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1286			if(c == sel)
1287				continue;
1288			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1289			wc.sibling = c->win;
1290		}
1291	}
1292	XSync(dpy, False);
1293	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1294}
1295
1296void
1297run(void) {
1298	char *p;
1299	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1300	fd_set rd;
1301	int r, xfd;
1302	unsigned int len, offset;
1303	XEvent ev;
1304
1305	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1306	XSync(dpy, False);
1307	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1308	readin = True;
1309	offset = 0;
1310	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1311	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1312	while(running) {
1313		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1314		if(readin)
1315			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1316		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1317		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1318			if(errno == EINTR)
1319				continue;
1320			eprint("select failed\n");
1321		}
1322		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1323			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1324			case -1:
1325				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1326				readin = False;
1327				break;
1328			case 0:
1329				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1330				readin = False;
1331				break;
1332			default:
1333				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1334					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1335						*p = '\0';
1336						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1337						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1338						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1339						offset = r;
1340						if(r)
1341							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1342						break;
1343					}
1344				break;
1345			}
1346			drawbar();
1347		}
1348		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1349			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1350			if(handler[ev.type])
1351				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1352		}
1353	}
1354}
1355
1356void
1357scan(void) {
1358	unsigned int i, num;
1359	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1360	XWindowAttributes wa;
1361
1362	wins = NULL;
1363	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1364		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1365			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1366					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1367				continue;
1368			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1369				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1370		}
1371		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1372			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1373				continue;
1374			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1375					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1376				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1377		}
1378	}
1379	if(wins)
1380		XFree(wins);
1381}
1382
1383void
1384setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1385	long data[] = {state, None};
1386
1387	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1388			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1389}
1390
1391void
1392setlayout(const char *arg) {
1393	unsigned int i;
1394
1395	if(!arg)
1396		return;
1397	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1398		if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1399			break;
1400	if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1401		return;
1402	lt = &layouts[i];
1403	if(sel)
1404		arrange();
1405	else
1406		drawbar();
1407}
1408
1409void
1410setup(void) {
1411	unsigned int i;
1412	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1413
1414	/* init screen */
1415	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1416	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1417	sx = 0;
1418	sy = 0;
1419	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1420	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1421
1422	/* init atoms */
1423	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1424	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1425	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1426	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1427	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1428	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1429
1430	/* init cursors */
1431	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1432	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1433	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1434
1435	/* init appearance */
1436	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1437	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1438	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1439	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1440	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1441	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1442	initfont(FONT);
1443	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1444	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1445	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1446	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1447	if(!dc.font.set)
1448		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1449
1450	/* init tags */
1451	seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1452	prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1453	seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1454
1455	/* init layouts */
1456	lt = &layouts[0];
1457
1458	/* init bar */
1459	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1460		i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1461		if(i > blw)
1462			blw = i;
1463	}
1464
1465	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1466	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1467	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1468
1469	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, BX, BY, BW, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1470				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1471				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1472	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1473	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1474	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1475	drawbar();
1476
1477	/* EWMH support per view */
1478	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1479			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1480
1481	/* select for events */
1482	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1483			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1484	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1485	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1486
1487
1488	/* grab keys */
1489	grabkeys();
1490}
1491
1492void
1493spawn(const char *arg) {
1494	static char *shell = NULL;
1495
1496	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1497		shell = "/bin/sh";
1498	if(!arg)
1499		return;
1500	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1501	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1502	if(fork() == 0) {
1503		if(fork() == 0) {
1504			if(dpy)
1505				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1506			setsid();
1507			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1508			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1509			perror(" failed");
1510		}
1511		exit(0);
1512	}
1513	wait(0);
1514}
1515
1516void
1517tag(const char *arg) {
1518	unsigned int i;
1519
1520	if(!sel)
1521		return;
1522	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1523		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1524	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1525	arrange();
1526}
1527
1528unsigned int
1529textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1530	XRectangle r;
1531
1532	if(dc.font.set) {
1533		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1534		return r.width;
1535	}
1536	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1537}
1538
1539unsigned int
1540textw(const char *text) {
1541	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1542}
1543
1544void
1545tile(void) {
1546	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1547	Client *c, *mc;
1548
1549	dozoom = True;
1550	nx = MX;
1551	ny = MY;
1552	nw = 0;
1553	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1554		n++;
1555
1556	/* window geoms */
1557	mw = (n == 1) ? MOW : MW;
1558	th = (n > 1) ? TH / (n - 1) : 0;
1559	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1560		th = TH;
1561
1562	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1563		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1564			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1565			nh = MH - 2 * c->border;
1566		}
1567		else {  /* tile window */
1568			if(i == 1) {
1569				ny = TY;
1570				nx = TX;
1571				nw = TW - 2 * c->border;
1572			}
1573			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1574				nh = (TY + TH) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1575			else
1576				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1577		}
1578		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1579		if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw)))
1580			/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1581			resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1582		if(n > 1 && th != TH)
1583			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1584		i++;
1585	}
1586}
1587
1588void
1589togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1590	if(!sel)
1591		return;
1592	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1593	if(sel->isfloating)
1594		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1595	arrange();
1596}
1597
1598void
1599toggletag(const char *arg) {
1600	unsigned int i, j;
1601
1602	if(!sel)
1603		return;
1604	i = idxoftag(arg);
1605	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1606	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1607	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1608		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1609	arrange();
1610}
1611
1612void
1613toggleview(const char *arg) {
1614	unsigned int i, j;
1615
1616	i = idxoftag(arg);
1617	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1618	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1619	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1620		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1621	arrange();
1622}
1623
1624void
1625unban(Client *c) {
1626	if(!c->isbanned)
1627		return;
1628	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1629	c->isbanned = False;
1630}
1631
1632void
1633unmanage(Client *c) {
1634	XWindowChanges wc;
1635
1636	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1637	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1638	XGrabServer(dpy);
1639	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1640	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1641	detach(c);
1642	detachstack(c);
1643	if(sel == c)
1644		focus(NULL);
1645	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1646	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1647	free(c->tags);
1648	free(c);
1649	XSync(dpy, False);
1650	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1651	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1652	arrange();
1653}
1654
1655void
1656unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1657	Client *c;
1658	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1659
1660	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1661		unmanage(c);
1662}
1663
1664void
1665updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1666	long msize;
1667	XSizeHints size;
1668
1669	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1670		size.flags = PSize;
1671	c->flags = size.flags;
1672	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1673		c->basew = size.base_width;
1674		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1675	}
1676	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1677		c->basew = size.min_width;
1678		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1679	}
1680	else
1681		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1682	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1683		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1684		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1685	}
1686	else
1687		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1688	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1689		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1690		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1691	}
1692	else
1693		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1694	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1695		c->minw = size.min_width;
1696		c->minh = size.min_height;
1697	}
1698	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1699		c->minw = size.base_width;
1700		c->minh = size.base_height;
1701	}
1702	else
1703		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1704	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1705		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1706		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1707		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1708		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1709	}
1710	else
1711		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1712	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1713			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1714}
1715
1716void
1717updatetitle(Client *c) {
1718	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1719		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1720}
1721
1722void
1723updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1724	XWMHints *wmh;
1725
1726	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1727		if(c == sel)
1728			sel->isurgent = False;
1729		else
1730			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1731		XFree(wmh);
1732	}
1733}
1734
1735
1736void
1737view(const char *arg) {
1738	unsigned int i;
1739
1740	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1741		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1742	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1743
1744	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1745		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1746		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1747		arrange();
1748	}
1749}
1750
1751void
1752viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1753
1754	memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1755	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1756	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1757	arrange();
1758}
1759
1760/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1761 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1762 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1763int
1764xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1765	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1766	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1767	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1768	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1769	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1770	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1771	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1772	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1773		return 0;
1774	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1775		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1776	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1777}
1778
1779int
1780xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1781	return 0;
1782}
1783
1784/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1785 * is already running. */
1786int
1787xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1788	otherwm = True;
1789	return -1;
1790}
1791
1792void
1793zoom(const char *arg) {
1794	Client *c = sel;
1795
1796	if(!sel || !dozoom || sel->isfloating)
1797		return;
1798	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1799		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1800			return;
1801	detach(c);
1802	attach(c);
1803	focus(c);
1804	arrange();
1805}
1806
1807int
1808main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1809	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1810		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1811	else if(argc != 1)
1812		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1813
1814	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1815	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1816		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1817
1818	checkotherwm();
1819	setup();
1820	scan();
1821	run();
1822	cleanup();
1823
1824	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1825	return 0;
1826}