1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56#define VISIBLE(x)      ((x)->tags & tagset[seltags])
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63
  64/* typedefs */
  65typedef unsigned int uint;
  66typedef unsigned long ulong;
  67typedef struct Client Client;
  68struct Client {
  69	char name[256];
  70	int x, y, w, h;
  71	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  72	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  73	long flags;
  74	int bw, oldbw;
  75	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, ismax, isurgent;
  76	uint tags;
  77	Client *next;
  78	Client *prev;
  79	Client *snext;
  80	Window win;
  81};
  82
  83typedef struct {
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	ulong norm[ColLast];
  86	ulong sel[ColLast];
  87	Drawable drawable;
  88	GC gc;
  89	struct {
  90		int ascent;
  91		int descent;
  92		int height;
  93		XFontSet set;
  94		XFontStruct *xfont;
  95	} font;
  96} DC; /* draw context */
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	uint mod;
 100	KeySym keysym;
 101	void (*func)(const void *arg);
 102	const void *arg;
 103} Key;
 104
 105typedef struct {
 106	const char *symbol;
 107	void (*arrange)(void);
 108} Layout;
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	const char *class;
 112	const char *instance;
 113	const char *title;
 114	uint tags;
 115	Bool isfloating;
 116} Rule;
 117
 118/* function declarations */
 119void applyrules(Client *c);
 120void arrange(void);
 121void attach(Client *c);
 122void attachstack(Client *c);
 123void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 124void checkotherwm(void);
 125void cleanup(void);
 126void configure(Client *c);
 127void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 128void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 129void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 130void detach(Client *c);
 131void detachstack(Client *c);
 132void drawbar(void);
 133void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 134void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 135void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 136void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 137void expose(XEvent *e);
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusin(XEvent *e);
 140void focusnext(const void *arg);
 141void focusprev(const void *arg);
 142Client *getclient(Window w);
 143ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 144long getstate(Window w);
 145Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 146void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 147void grabkeys(void);
 148void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 149Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isurgent(uint t);
 152void keypress(XEvent *e);
 153void killclient(const void *arg);
 154void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 155void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 156void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const void *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setmfact(const void *arg);
 168void setup(void);
 169void spawn(const void *arg);
 170void tag(const void *arg);
 171uint textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 172void tile(void);
 173void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 174void togglebar(const void *arg);
 175void togglefloating(const void *arg);
 176void togglelayout(const void *arg);
 177void togglemax(const void *arg);
 178void toggletag(const void *arg);
 179void toggleview(const void *arg);
 180void unmanage(Client *c);
 181void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 182void updatebar(void);
 183void updategeom(void);
 184void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 185void updatetitle(Client *c);
 186void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 187void view(const void *arg);
 188void viewprevtag(const void *arg);
 189int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 192void zoom(const void *arg);
 193
 194/* variables */
 195char stext[256];
 196int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 197int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 198uint seltags = 0;
 199int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 200uint numlockmask = 0;
 201void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 202	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 203	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 204	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 205	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 206	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 207	[Expose] = expose,
 208	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 209	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 210	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 211	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 212	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 213	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 214};
 215Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 216Bool domax = False;
 217Bool otherwm, readin;
 218Bool running = True;
 219uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 220Client *clients = NULL;
 221Client *sel = NULL;
 222Client *stack = NULL;
 223Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 224Display *dpy;
 225DC dc = {0};
 226Layout layouts[];
 227Layout *lt = layouts;
 228Window root, barwin;
 229
 230/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 231#include "config.h"
 232
 233/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 234struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 235
 236/* function implementations */
 237void
 238applyrules(Client *c) {
 239	uint i;
 240	Rule *r;
 241	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 242
 243	/* rule matching */
 244	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 245	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 246		r = &rules[i];
 247		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 248		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 249		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 250			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 251			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 252		}
 253	}
 254	if(ch.res_class)
 255		XFree(ch.res_class);
 256	if(ch.res_name)
 257		XFree(ch.res_name);
 258	if(!c->tags)
 259		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 260}
 261
 262void
 263arrange(void) {
 264	Client *c;
 265
 266	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 267		if(VISIBLE(c)) {
 268			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 269				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 270		}
 271		else if(!c->isbanned) {
 272			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 273			c->isbanned = True;
 274		}
 275
 276	focus(NULL);
 277	if(lt->arrange && !domax)
 278		lt->arrange();
 279	restack();
 280}
 281
 282void
 283attach(Client *c) {
 284	if(clients)
 285		clients->prev = c;
 286	c->next = clients;
 287	clients = c;
 288}
 289
 290void
 291attachstack(Client *c) {
 292	c->snext = stack;
 293	stack = c;
 294}
 295
 296void
 297buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 298	uint i, x, mask;
 299	Client *c;
 300	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 301
 302	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 303		x = 0;
 304		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 305			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 306			if(ev->x < x) {
 307				mask = 1 << i;
 308				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 309					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 310						tag(&mask);
 311					else
 312						view(&mask);
 313				}
 314				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 315					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 316						toggletag(&mask);
 317					else
 318						toggleview(&mask);
 319				}
 320				return;
 321			}
 322		}
 323		if(ev->x < x + blw) {
 324			if(ev->button == Button1) 
 325				togglelayout(NULL);
 326			else if(ev->button == Button3) 
 327				togglemax(NULL);
 328		}
 329	}
 330	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 331		focus(c);
 332		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY || domax)
 333			return;
 334		if(ev->button == Button1)
 335			movemouse(c);
 336		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 337			togglefloating(NULL);
 338		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed)
 339			resizemouse(c);
 340	}
 341}
 342
 343void
 344checkotherwm(void) {
 345	otherwm = False;
 346	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 347
 348	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 349	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 350	XSync(dpy, False);
 351	if(otherwm)
 352		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 353	XSync(dpy, False);
 354	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 355	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 356	XSync(dpy, False);
 357}
 358
 359void
 360cleanup(void) {
 361	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 362	view(NULL);
 363	while(stack)
 364		unmanage(stack);
 365	if(dc.font.set)
 366		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 367	else
 368		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 369	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 370	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 371	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 372	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 373	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 374	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 375	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 376	XSync(dpy, False);
 377	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 378}
 379
 380void
 381configure(Client *c) {
 382	XConfigureEvent ce;
 383
 384	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 385	ce.display = dpy;
 386	ce.event = c->win;
 387	ce.window = c->win;
 388	ce.x = c->x;
 389	ce.y = c->y;
 390	ce.width = c->w;
 391	ce.height = c->h;
 392	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 393	ce.above = None;
 394	ce.override_redirect = False;
 395	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 396}
 397
 398void
 399configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 400	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 401
 402	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 403		sw = ev->width;
 404		sh = ev->height;
 405		updategeom();
 406		updatebar();
 407		arrange();
 408	}
 409}
 410
 411void
 412configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 413	Client *c;
 414	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 415	XWindowChanges wc;
 416
 417	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 418		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 419			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 420		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 421			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 422				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 423			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 424				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 425			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 426				c->w = ev->width;
 427			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 428				c->h = ev->height;
 429			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 430				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 431			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 432				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 433			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 434			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 435				configure(c);
 436			if(VISIBLE(c))
 437				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 438		}
 439		else
 440			configure(c);
 441	}
 442	else {
 443		wc.x = ev->x;
 444		wc.y = ev->y;
 445		wc.width = ev->width;
 446		wc.height = ev->height;
 447		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 448		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 449		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 450		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 451	}
 452	XSync(dpy, False);
 453}
 454
 455void
 456destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 457	Client *c;
 458	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 459
 460	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 461		unmanage(c);
 462}
 463
 464void
 465detach(Client *c) {
 466	if(c->prev)
 467		c->prev->next = c->next;
 468	if(c->next)
 469		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 470	if(c == clients)
 471		clients = c->next;
 472	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 473}
 474
 475void
 476detachstack(Client *c) {
 477	Client **tc;
 478
 479	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 480	*tc = c->snext;
 481}
 482
 483void
 484drawbar(void) {
 485	int i, x;
 486	Client *c;
 487
 488	dc.x = 0;
 489	for(c = stack; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 490	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 491		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 492		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 493			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 494			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 495		}
 496		else {
 497			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 498			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 499		}
 500		dc.x += dc.w;
 501	}
 502	if(blw > 0) {
 503		dc.w = blw;
 504		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, domax);
 505		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 506	}
 507	else
 508		x = dc.x;
 509	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 510	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 511	if(dc.x < x) {
 512		dc.x = x;
 513		dc.w = bw - x;
 514	}
 515	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 516	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 517		dc.x = x;
 518		if(c) {
 519			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 520			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 521		}
 522		else
 523			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 524	}
 525	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 526	XSync(dpy, False);
 527}
 528
 529void
 530drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 531	int x;
 532	XGCValues gcv;
 533	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 534
 535	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 536	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 537	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 538	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 539	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 540	if(filled) {
 541		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 542		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 543	}
 544	else if(empty) {
 545		r.width = r.height = x;
 546		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 547	}
 548}
 549
 550void
 551drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 552	int x, y, w, h;
 553	uint len, olen;
 554	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 555	char buf[256];
 556
 557	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 558	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 559	if(!text)
 560		return;
 561	olen = strlen(text);
 562	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 563	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 564	w = 0;
 565	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 566	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 567	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 568	/* shorten text if necessary */
 569	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 570	if(!len)
 571		return;
 572	if(len < olen) {
 573		if(len > 1)
 574			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 575		if(len > 2)
 576			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 577		if(len > 3)
 578			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 579	}
 580	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 581	if(dc.font.set)
 582		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 583	else
 584		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 585}
 586
 587void
 588enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 589	Client *c;
 590	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 591
 592	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 593		return;
 594	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 595		focus(c);
 596	else
 597		focus(NULL);
 598}
 599
 600void
 601eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 602	va_list ap;
 603
 604	va_start(ap, errstr);
 605	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 606	va_end(ap);
 607	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 608}
 609
 610void
 611expose(XEvent *e) {
 612	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 613
 614	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 615		drawbar();
 616}
 617
 618void
 619focus(Client *c) {
 620	if(!c || (c && !VISIBLE(c)))
 621		for(c = stack; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 622	if(sel && sel != c) {
 623		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 624		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 625	}
 626	if(c) {
 627		detachstack(c);
 628		attachstack(c);
 629		grabbuttons(c, True);
 630	}
 631	sel = c;
 632	if(c) {
 633		if(domax) {
 634			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
 635			c->ismax = True;
 636		}
 637		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 638		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 639	}
 640	else
 641		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 642	drawbar();
 643}
 644
 645void
 646focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 647	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 648
 649	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 650		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 651}
 652
 653void
 654focusnext(const void *arg) {
 655	Client *c;
 656
 657	if(!sel)
 658		return;
 659	for(c = sel->next; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 660	if(!c)
 661		for(c = clients; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 662	if(c) {
 663		focus(c);
 664		restack();
 665	}
 666}
 667
 668void
 669focusprev(const void *arg) {
 670	Client *c;
 671
 672	if(!sel)
 673		return;
 674	for(c = sel->prev; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->prev);
 675	if(!c) {
 676		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 677		for(; c && !VISIBLE(c); c = c->prev);
 678	}
 679	if(c) {
 680		focus(c);
 681		restack();
 682	}
 683}
 684
 685Client *
 686getclient(Window w) {
 687	Client *c;
 688
 689	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 690	return c;
 691}
 692
 693ulong
 694getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 695	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 696	XColor color;
 697
 698	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 699		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 700	return color.pixel;
 701}
 702
 703long
 704getstate(Window w) {
 705	int format, status;
 706	long result = -1;
 707	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 708	ulong n, extra;
 709	Atom real;
 710
 711	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 712			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 713	if(status != Success)
 714		return -1;
 715	if(n != 0)
 716		result = *p;
 717	XFree(p);
 718	return result;
 719}
 720
 721Bool
 722gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 723	char **list = NULL;
 724	int n;
 725	XTextProperty name;
 726
 727	if(!text || size == 0)
 728		return False;
 729	text[0] = '\0';
 730	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 731	if(!name.nitems)
 732		return False;
 733	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 734		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 735	else {
 736		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 737		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 738			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 739			XFreeStringList(list);
 740		}
 741	}
 742	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 743	XFree(name.value);
 744	return True;
 745}
 746
 747void
 748grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 749	int i, j;
 750	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 751	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 752				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 753
 754	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 755	if(focused)
 756		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 757			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 758				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 759					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 760	else
 761		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 762			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 763}
 764
 765void
 766grabkeys(void) {
 767	uint i, j;
 768	KeyCode code;
 769	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 770
 771	/* init modifier map */
 772	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 773	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 774		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 775			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 776				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 777		}
 778	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 779
 780	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 781	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 782		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 783		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 784				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 785		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 786				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 787		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 788				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 789		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 790				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 791	}
 792}
 793
 794void
 795initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 796	char *def, **missing;
 797	int i, n;
 798
 799	missing = NULL;
 800	if(dc.font.set)
 801		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 802	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 803	if(missing) {
 804		while(n--)
 805			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 806		XFreeStringList(missing);
 807	}
 808	if(dc.font.set) {
 809		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 810		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 811		char **font_names;
 812		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 813		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 814		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 815		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 816			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 817			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 818			xfonts++;
 819		}
 820	}
 821	else {
 822		if(dc.font.xfont)
 823			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 824		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 825		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 826		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 827			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 828		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 829		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 830	}
 831	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 832}
 833
 834Bool
 835isoccupied(uint t) {
 836	Client *c;
 837
 838	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 839		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 840			return True;
 841	return False;
 842}
 843
 844Bool
 845isprotodel(Client *c) {
 846	int i, n;
 847	Atom *protocols;
 848	Bool ret = False;
 849
 850	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 851		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 852			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 853				ret = True;
 854		XFree(protocols);
 855	}
 856	return ret;
 857}
 858
 859Bool
 860isurgent(uint t) {
 861	Client *c;
 862
 863	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 864		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 865			return True;
 866	return False;
 867}
 868
 869void
 870keypress(XEvent *e) {
 871	uint i;
 872	KeySym keysym;
 873	XKeyEvent *ev;
 874
 875	ev = &e->xkey;
 876	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 877	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 878		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 879		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 880		{
 881			if(keys[i].func)
 882				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 883		}
 884}
 885
 886void
 887killclient(const void *arg) {
 888	XEvent ev;
 889
 890	if(!sel)
 891		return;
 892	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 893		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 894		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 895		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 896		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 897		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 898		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 899		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 900	}
 901	else
 902		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 903}
 904
 905void
 906manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 907	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 908	Status rettrans;
 909	Window trans;
 910	XWindowChanges wc;
 911
 912	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 913		eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 914	c->win = w;
 915
 916	/* geometry */
 917	c->x = wa->x;
 918	c->y = wa->y;
 919	c->w = wa->width;
 920	c->h = wa->height;
 921	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 922	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 923		c->x = sx;
 924		c->y = sy;
 925		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 926	}
 927	else {
 928		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 929			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 930		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 931			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 932		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 933		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 934		c->bw = borderpx;
 935	}
 936
 937	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 938	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 939	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 940	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 941	updatesizehints(c);
 942	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 943	grabbuttons(c, False);
 944	updatetitle(c);
 945	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 946		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 947	if(t)
 948		c->tags = t->tags;
 949	else
 950		applyrules(c);
 951	if(!c->isfloating)
 952		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 953	attach(c);
 954	attachstack(c);
 955	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 956	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 957	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 958	arrange();
 959}
 960
 961void
 962mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 963	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 964
 965	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 966	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 967		grabkeys();
 968}
 969
 970void
 971maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 972	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 973	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 974
 975	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 976		return;
 977	if(wa.override_redirect)
 978		return;
 979	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 980		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 981}
 982
 983void
 984movemouse(Client *c) {
 985	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 986	uint dui;
 987	Window dummy;
 988	XEvent ev;
 989
 990	restack();
 991	ocx = nx = c->x;
 992	ocy = ny = c->y;
 993	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 994	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 995		return;
 996	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 997	for(;;) {
 998		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 999		switch (ev.type) {
1000		case ButtonRelease:
1001			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1002			return;
1003		case ConfigureRequest:
1004		case Expose:
1005		case MapRequest:
1006			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1007			break;
1008		case MotionNotify:
1009			XSync(dpy, False);
1010			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1011			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1012			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1013			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1014				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1015					nx = wx;
1016				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1017					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1018				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1019					ny = wy;
1020				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1021					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1022				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1023					togglefloating(NULL);
1024			}
1025			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1026				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1027			break;
1028		}
1029	}
1030}
1031
1032Client *
1033nexttiled(Client *c) {
1034	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !VISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1035	return c;
1036}
1037
1038void
1039propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1040	Client *c;
1041	Window trans;
1042	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1043
1044	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1045		return; /* ignore */
1046	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1047		switch (ev->atom) {
1048		default: break;
1049		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1050			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1051			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1052				arrange();
1053			break;
1054		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1055			updatesizehints(c);
1056			break;
1057		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1058			updatewmhints(c);
1059			drawbar();
1060			break;
1061		}
1062		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1063			updatetitle(c);
1064			if(c == sel)
1065				drawbar();
1066		}
1067	}
1068}
1069
1070void
1071quit(const void *arg) {
1072	readin = running = False;
1073}
1074
1075void
1076resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1077	XWindowChanges wc;
1078
1079	if(sizehints) {
1080		/* set minimum possible */
1081		w = MAX(1, w);
1082		h = MAX(1, h);
1083
1084		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1085		w -= c->basew;
1086		h -= c->baseh;
1087
1088		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1089		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1090		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1091			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1092				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1093			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1094				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1095		}
1096
1097		/* adjust for increment value */
1098		if(c->incw)
1099			w -= w % c->incw;
1100		if(c->inch)
1101			h -= h % c->inch;
1102
1103		/* restore base dimensions */
1104		w += c->basew;
1105		h += c->baseh;
1106
1107		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1108		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1109		
1110		if (c->maxw)
1111			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1112
1113		if (c->maxh)
1114			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1115	}
1116	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1117		return;
1118	if(x > sx + sw)
1119		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1120	if(y > sy + sh)
1121		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1122	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1123		x = sx;
1124	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1125		y = sy;
1126	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h || c->isbanned || c->ismax) {
1127		c->isbanned = c->ismax = False;
1128		c->x = wc.x = x;
1129		c->y = wc.y = y;
1130		c->w = wc.width = w;
1131		c->h = wc.height = h;
1132		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1133		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1134				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1135		configure(c);
1136		XSync(dpy, False);
1137	}
1138}
1139
1140void
1141resizemouse(Client *c) {
1142	int ocx, ocy;
1143	int nw, nh;
1144	XEvent ev;
1145
1146	restack();
1147	ocx = c->x;
1148	ocy = c->y;
1149	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1150	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1151		return;
1152	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1153	for(;;) {
1154		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1155		switch(ev.type) {
1156		case ButtonRelease:
1157			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1158					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1159			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1160			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1161			return;
1162		case ConfigureRequest:
1163		case Expose:
1164		case MapRequest:
1165			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1166			break;
1167		case MotionNotify:
1168			XSync(dpy, False);
1169			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1170			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1171
1172			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1173			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1174				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1175				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1176					togglefloating(NULL);
1177			}
1178			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1179				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1180			break;
1181		}
1182	}
1183}
1184
1185void
1186restack(void) {
1187	Client *c;
1188	XEvent ev;
1189	XWindowChanges wc;
1190
1191	drawbar();
1192	if(!sel)
1193		return;
1194	if(domax || sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1195		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1196	if(!domax && lt->arrange) {
1197		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1198		wc.sibling = barwin;
1199		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1200			if(!c->isfloating && VISIBLE(c)) {
1201				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1202				wc.sibling = c->win;
1203			}
1204	}
1205	XSync(dpy, False);
1206	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1207}
1208
1209void
1210run(void) {
1211	char *p;
1212	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1213	fd_set rd;
1214	int r, xfd;
1215	uint len, offset;
1216	XEvent ev;
1217
1218	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1219	XSync(dpy, False);
1220	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1221	readin = True;
1222	offset = 0;
1223	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1224	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1225	while(running) {
1226		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1227		if(readin)
1228			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1229		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1230		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1231			if(errno == EINTR)
1232				continue;
1233			eprint("select failed\n");
1234		}
1235		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1236			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1237			case -1:
1238				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1239				readin = False;
1240				break;
1241			case 0:
1242				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1243				readin = False;
1244				break;
1245			default:
1246				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1247					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1248						*p = '\0';
1249						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1250						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1251						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1252						offset = r;
1253						if(r)
1254							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1255						break;
1256					}
1257				break;
1258			}
1259			drawbar();
1260		}
1261		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1262			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1263			if(handler[ev.type])
1264				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1265		}
1266	}
1267}
1268
1269void
1270scan(void) {
1271	uint i, num;
1272	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1273	XWindowAttributes wa;
1274
1275	wins = NULL;
1276	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1277		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1278			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1279			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1280				continue;
1281			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1282				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1283		}
1284		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1285			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1286				continue;
1287			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1288			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1289				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1290		}
1291	}
1292	if(wins)
1293		XFree(wins);
1294}
1295
1296void
1297setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1298	long data[] = {state, None};
1299
1300	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1301			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1302}
1303
1304/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1305void
1306setmfact(const void *arg) {
1307	double d = *((double*) arg);
1308
1309	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1310		return;
1311	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1312	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1313		return;
1314	mfact = d;
1315	arrange();
1316}
1317
1318void
1319setup(void) {
1320	uint i, w;
1321	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1322
1323	/* init screen */
1324	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1325	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1326	initfont(FONT);
1327	sx = 0;
1328	sy = 0;
1329	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1330	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1331	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1332	updategeom();
1333
1334	/* init atoms */
1335	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1336	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1337	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1338	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1339	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1340	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1341
1342	/* init cursors */
1343	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1344	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1345	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1346
1347	/* init appearance */
1348	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1349	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1350	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1351	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1352	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1353	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1354	initfont(FONT);
1355	dc.h = bh;
1356	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1357	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1358	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1359	if(!dc.font.set)
1360		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1361
1362	/* init bar */
1363	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1364		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1365		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1366	}
1367
1368	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1369	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1370	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1371
1372	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1373			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1374			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1375	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1376	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1377	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1378	drawbar();
1379
1380	/* EWMH support per view */
1381	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1382			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1383
1384	/* select for events */
1385	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1386			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1387	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1388	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1389
1390
1391	/* grab keys */
1392	grabkeys();
1393}
1394
1395void
1396spawn(const void *arg) {
1397	static char *shell = NULL;
1398
1399	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1400		shell = "/bin/sh";
1401	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1402	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1403	if(fork() == 0) {
1404		if(fork() == 0) {
1405			if(dpy)
1406				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1407			setsid();
1408			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1409			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1410			perror(" failed");
1411		}
1412		exit(0);
1413	}
1414	wait(0);
1415}
1416
1417void
1418tag(const void *arg) {
1419	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1420		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1421		arrange();
1422	}
1423}
1424
1425uint
1426textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1427	XRectangle r;
1428
1429	if(dc.font.set) {
1430		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1431		return r.width;
1432	}
1433	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1434}
1435
1436void
1437tile(void) {
1438	int x, y, h, w, mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th;
1439	uint i, n;
1440	Client *c;
1441
1442	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1443	if(n == 0)
1444		return;
1445
1446	/* master area geometry */
1447	mx = wx;
1448	my = wy;
1449	mw = mfact * ww;
1450	mh = wh;
1451
1452	/* tile area geometry */
1453	tx = mx + mw;
1454	ty = wy;
1455	tw = ww - mw;
1456	th = wh;
1457
1458	/* master */
1459	c = nexttiled(clients);
1460
1461	if(n == 1)
1462		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1463	else
1464		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1465
1466	if(--n == 0)
1467		return;
1468
1469	/* tile stack */
1470	x = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : tw;
1471	y = ty;
1472	w = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : tw;
1473	h = th / n;
1474	if(h < bh)
1475		h = th;
1476
1477	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1478		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1479			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1480		else
1481			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1482		if(h != th)
1483			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1484	}
1485}
1486
1487void
1488tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1489	resize(c, x, y, w, h, resizehints);
1490	if(resizehints && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1491		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1492		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1493}
1494
1495void
1496togglebar(const void *arg) {
1497	showbar = !showbar;
1498	updategeom();
1499	updatebar();
1500	arrange();
1501}
1502
1503void
1504togglefloating(const void *arg) {
1505	if(!sel)
1506		return;
1507	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1508	if(sel->isfloating)
1509		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1510	arrange();
1511}
1512
1513void
1514togglelayout(const void *arg) {
1515	uint i;
1516
1517	if(!arg) {
1518		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1519			lt = &layouts[0];
1520	}
1521	else {
1522		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1523			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1524				break;
1525		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1526			return;
1527		lt = &layouts[i];
1528	}
1529	if(sel)
1530		arrange();
1531	else
1532		drawbar();
1533}
1534
1535void
1536togglemax(const void *arg) {
1537	domax = !domax;
1538	arrange();
1539}
1540
1541void
1542toggletag(const void *arg) {
1543	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1544		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1545		arrange();
1546	}
1547}
1548
1549void
1550toggleview(const void *arg) {
1551	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1552		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1553		arrange();
1554	}
1555}
1556
1557void
1558unmanage(Client *c) {
1559	XWindowChanges wc;
1560
1561	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1562	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1563	XGrabServer(dpy);
1564	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1565	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1566	detach(c);
1567	detachstack(c);
1568	if(sel == c)
1569		focus(NULL);
1570	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1571	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1572	free(c);
1573	XSync(dpy, False);
1574	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1575	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1576	arrange();
1577}
1578
1579void
1580unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1581	Client *c;
1582	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1583
1584	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1585		unmanage(c);
1586}
1587
1588void
1589updatebar(void) {
1590	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1591		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1592	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1593	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1594}
1595
1596void
1597updategeom(void) {
1598	int i;
1599#ifdef XINERAMA
1600	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1601
1602	/* window area geometry */
1603	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1604		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1605		wx = info[0].x_org;
1606		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1607		ww = info[0].width;
1608		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1609		XFree(info);
1610	}
1611	else
1612#endif
1613	{
1614		wx = sx;
1615		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1616		ww = sw;
1617		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1618	}
1619
1620	/* bar geometry */
1621	bx = wx;
1622	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1623	bw = ww;
1624}
1625
1626void
1627updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1628	long msize;
1629	XSizeHints size;
1630
1631	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1632		size.flags = PSize;
1633	c->flags = size.flags;
1634	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1635		c->basew = size.base_width;
1636		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1637	}
1638	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1639		c->basew = size.min_width;
1640		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1641	}
1642	else
1643		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1644	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1645		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1646		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1647	}
1648	else
1649		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1650	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1651		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1652		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1653	}
1654	else
1655		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1656	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1657		c->minw = size.min_width;
1658		c->minh = size.min_height;
1659	}
1660	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1661		c->minw = size.base_width;
1662		c->minh = size.base_height;
1663	}
1664	else
1665		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1666	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1667		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1668		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1669		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1670		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1671	}
1672	else
1673		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1674	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1675			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1676}
1677
1678void
1679updatetitle(Client *c) {
1680	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1681		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1682}
1683
1684void
1685updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1686	XWMHints *wmh;
1687
1688	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1689		if(c == sel)
1690			sel->isurgent = False;
1691		else
1692			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1693		XFree(wmh);
1694	}
1695}
1696
1697void
1698view(const void *arg) {
1699	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1700		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1701		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1702		arrange();
1703	}
1704}
1705
1706void
1707viewprevtag(const void *arg) {
1708	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1709	arrange();
1710}
1711
1712/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1713 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1714 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1715int
1716xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1717	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1718	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1719	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1720	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1721	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1722	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1723	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1724	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1725	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1726		return 0;
1727	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1728			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1729	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1730}
1731
1732int
1733xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1734	return 0;
1735}
1736
1737/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1738 * is already running. */
1739int
1740xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1741	otherwm = True;
1742	return -1;
1743}
1744
1745void
1746zoom(const void *arg) {
1747	Client *c = sel;
1748
1749	if(!lt->arrange || sel->isfloating)
1750		return;
1751	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1752		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1753			return;
1754	detach(c);
1755	attach(c);
1756	focus(c);
1757	arrange();
1758}
1759
1760int
1761main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1762	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1763		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1764	else if(argc != 1)
1765		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1766
1767	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1768	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1769		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1770
1771	checkotherwm();
1772	setup();
1773	scan();
1774	run();
1775	cleanup();
1776
1777	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1778	return 0;
1779}