1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[mon[x->mon].seltags])
  48#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  50#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Client Client;
  81struct Client {
  82	char name[256];
  83	float mina, maxa;
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  86	int bw, oldbw;
  87	unsigned int tags;
  88	unsigned int mon;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Window win;
  93};
  94
  95typedef struct {
  96	int x, y, w, h;
  97	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  98	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  99	Drawable drawable;
 100	GC gc;
 101	struct {
 102		int ascent;
 103		int descent;
 104		int height;
 105		XFontSet set;
 106		XFontStruct *xfont;
 107	} font;
 108} DC; /* draw context */
 109
 110typedef struct {
 111	unsigned int mod;
 112	KeySym keysym;
 113	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 114	const Arg arg;
 115} Key;
 116
 117typedef struct {
 118	char symbol[4];
 119	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 120	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 121	unsigned int seltags;
 122	unsigned int sellt;
 123	Bool showbar;
 124	Bool topbar;
 125	Window barwin;
 126} Monitor;
 127
 128typedef struct {
 129	const char *symbol;
 130	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 131} Layout;
 132
 133typedef struct {
 134	const char *class;
 135	const char *instance;
 136	const char *title;
 137	unsigned int tags;
 138	Bool isfloating;
 139} Rule;
 140
 141/* function declarations */
 142static void applyrules(Client *c);
 143static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 144static void arrange(void);
 145static void attach(Client *c);
 146static void attachstack(Client *c);
 147static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 148static void checkotherwm(void);
 149static void cleanup(void);
 150static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 151static void configure(Client *c);
 152static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 153static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 154static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 155static void detach(Client *c);
 156static void detachstack(Client *c);
 157static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 158static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 159static void drawbars();
 160static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 161static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 162static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 163static void expose(XEvent *e);
 164static void focus(Client *c);
 165static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 166static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 167static Client *getclient(Window w);
 168static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 169static long getstate(Window w);
 170static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 171static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 172static void grabkeys(void);
 173static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 174static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 175static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 176static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 177static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 178static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 179static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 180static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 181static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 182static Client *nexttiled(Monitor *m, Client *c);
 183static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 184static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 185static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 186static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 187static void restack(Monitor *m);
 188static void run(void);
 189static void scan(void);
 190static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 191static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 192static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 193static void setup(void);
 194static void showhide(Client *c);
 195static void sigchld(int signal);
 196static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 197static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 198static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 199static void tile(Monitor *);
 200static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 201static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 202static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 203static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 204static void unmanage(Client *c);
 205static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 206static void updategeom(void);
 207static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 208static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 209static void updatestatus(void);
 210static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 211static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 212static void view(const Arg *arg);
 213static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 214static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 215static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 216static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 217#ifdef XINERAMA
 218static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 219static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 220#endif /* XINERAMA */
 221
 222/* variables */
 223static char stext[256];
 224static int screen;
 225static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 226static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 227static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 228static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 229static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 230	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 231	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 232	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 233	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 234	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 235	[Expose] = expose,
 236	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 237	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 238	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 239	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 240	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 241	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 242};
 243static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 244static Bool otherwm;
 245static Bool running = True;
 246static Client *clients = NULL;
 247static Client *sel = NULL;
 248static Client *stack = NULL;
 249static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 250static Display *dpy;
 251static DC dc;
 252static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 253static Monitor *mon = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 254static unsigned int nmons;
 255static Window root;
 256/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 257#include "config.h"
 258
 259/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 260struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 261
 262/* function implementations */
 263void
 264applyrules(Client *c) {
 265	unsigned int i;
 266	Rule *r;
 267	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 268
 269	/* rule matching */
 270	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 271	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 272		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 273			r = &rules[i];
 274			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 275			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 276			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 277				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 278				c->tags |= r->tags;
 279			}
 280		}
 281		if(ch.res_class)
 282			XFree(ch.res_class);
 283		if(ch.res_name)
 284			XFree(ch.res_name);
 285	}
 286	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : tagset[mon[c->mon].seltags];
 287}
 288
 289Bool
 290applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 291	Bool baseismin;
 292
 293	/* set minimum possible */
 294	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 295	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 296
 297	if(*x > sx + sw)
 298		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 299	if(*y > sy + sh)
 300		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 301	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 302		*x = sx;
 303	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 304		*y = sy;
 305	if(*h < bh)
 306		*h = bh;
 307	if(*w < bh)
 308		*w = bh;
 309
 310	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 311		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 312		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 313
 314		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 315			*w -= c->basew;
 316			*h -= c->baseh;
 317		}
 318
 319		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 320		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 321			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 322				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 323			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 324				*h = *w * c->mina;
 325		}
 326
 327		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 328			*w -= c->basew;
 329			*h -= c->baseh;
 330		}
 331
 332		/* adjust for increment value */
 333		if(c->incw)
 334			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 335		if(c->inch)
 336			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 337
 338		/* restore base dimensions */
 339		*w += c->basew;
 340		*h += c->baseh;
 341
 342		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 343		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 344
 345		if(c->maxw)
 346			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 347
 348		if(c->maxh)
 349			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 350	}
 351	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 352}
 353
 354void
 355arrange(void) {
 356	unsigned int i;
 357	showhide(stack);
 358	focus(NULL);
 359	for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++) {
 360		if(lt[mon[i].sellt]->arrange)
 361			lt[mon[i].sellt]->arrange(&mon[i]);
 362		restack(&mon[i]);
 363	}
 364}
 365
 366void
 367attach(Client *c) {
 368	c->next = clients;
 369	clients = c;
 370}
 371
 372void
 373attachstack(Client *c) {
 374	c->snext = stack;
 375	stack = c;
 376}
 377
 378void
 379buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 380	unsigned int i, x, click;
 381	Arg arg = {0};
 382	Client *c;
 383	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 384
 385	click = ClkRootWin;
 386	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin) {
 387		i = 0;
 388		x = selmon->btx;
 389		do
 390			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 391		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 392		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 393			click = ClkTagBar;
 394			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 395		}
 396		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 397			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 398		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 399			click = ClkStatusText;
 400		else
 401			click = ClkWinTitle;
 402	}
 403	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 404		focus(c);
 405		click = ClkClientWin;
 406	}
 407
 408	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 409		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 410		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 411			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 412}
 413
 414void
 415checkotherwm(void) {
 416	otherwm = False;
 417	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 418
 419	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 420	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 421	XSync(dpy, False);
 422	if(otherwm)
 423		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 424	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 425	XSync(dpy, False);
 426}
 427
 428void
 429cleanup(void) {
 430	unsigned int i;
 431	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 432	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 433
 434	view(&a);
 435	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 436	while(stack)
 437		unmanage(stack);
 438	if(dc.font.set)
 439		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 440	else
 441		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 442	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 443	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 444	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 445	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 446	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 447	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 448	for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++)
 449		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mon[i].barwin);
 450	free(mon);
 451	XSync(dpy, False);
 452	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 453}
 454
 455void
 456clearurgent(Client *c) {
 457	XWMHints *wmh;
 458
 459	c->isurgent = False;
 460	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 461		return;
 462	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 463	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 464	XFree(wmh);
 465}
 466
 467void
 468configure(Client *c) {
 469	XConfigureEvent ce;
 470
 471	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 472	ce.display = dpy;
 473	ce.event = c->win;
 474	ce.window = c->win;
 475	ce.x = c->x;
 476	ce.y = c->y;
 477	ce.width = c->w;
 478	ce.height = c->h;
 479	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 480	ce.above = None;
 481	ce.override_redirect = False;
 482	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 483}
 484
 485void
 486configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 487	unsigned int i;
 488	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 489
 490	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 491		sw = ev->width;
 492		sh = ev->height;
 493		updategeom();
 494		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 495			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 496		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 497		for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++)
 498			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, mon[i].barwin, mon[i].wx, mon[i].by, mon[i].ww, bh);
 499		arrange();
 500	}
 501}
 502
 503void
 504configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 505	Client *c;
 506	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 507	XWindowChanges wc;
 508
 509	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 510		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 511			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 512		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 513			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 514				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 515			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 516				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 517			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 518				c->w = ev->width;
 519			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 520				c->h = ev->height;
 521			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 522				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 523			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 524				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 525			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 526				configure(c);
 527			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 528				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 529		}
 530		else
 531			configure(c);
 532	}
 533	else {
 534		wc.x = ev->x;
 535		wc.y = ev->y;
 536		wc.width = ev->width;
 537		wc.height = ev->height;
 538		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 539		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 540		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 541		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 542	}
 543	XSync(dpy, False);
 544}
 545
 546void
 547destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 548	Client *c;
 549	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 550
 551	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 552		unmanage(c);
 553}
 554
 555void
 556detach(Client *c) {
 557	Client **tc;
 558
 559	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 560	*tc = c->next;
 561}
 562
 563void
 564detachstack(Client *c) {
 565	Client **tc;
 566
 567	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 568	*tc = c->snext;
 569}
 570
 571void
 572die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 573	va_list ap;
 574
 575	va_start(ap, errstr);
 576	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 577	va_end(ap);
 578	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 579}
 580
 581void
 582drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 583	int x;
 584	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 585	unsigned long *col;
 586	Client *c;
 587
 588	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 589		if(m == &mon[c->mon]) {
 590			occ |= c->tags;
 591			if(c->isurgent)
 592				urg |= c->tags;
 593		}
 594	}
 595
 596	dc.x = 0;
 597#ifdef XINERAMA
 598	{
 599		dc.w = TEXTW(m->symbol);
 600		drawtext(m->symbol, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, False);
 601		dc.x += dc.w;
 602	}
 603#endif /* XINERAMA */
 604	m->btx = dc.x;
 605	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 606		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 607		col = tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 608		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 609		drawsquare(m == selmon && sel && sel->tags & 1 << i,
 610		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 611		dc.x += dc.w;
 612	}
 613	if(blw > 0) {
 614		dc.w = blw;
 615		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 616		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 617	}
 618	else
 619		x = dc.x;
 620	if(m == selmon) {
 621		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 622		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 623		if(dc.x < x) {
 624			dc.x = x;
 625			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 626		}
 627		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 628		if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 629			dc.x = x;
 630			if(sel) {
 631				drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 632				drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 633			}
 634			else
 635				drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 636		}
 637	}
 638	else {
 639		dc.w = m->ww - x;
 640		drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 641	}
 642	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 643	XSync(dpy, False);
 644}
 645
 646void
 647drawbars() {
 648	unsigned int i;
 649
 650	for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++)
 651		drawbar(&mon[i]);
 652}
 653
 654void
 655drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 656	int x;
 657	XGCValues gcv;
 658	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 659
 660	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 661	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 662	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 663	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 664	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 665	if(filled) {
 666		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 667		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 668	}
 669	else if(empty) {
 670		r.width = r.height = x;
 671		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 672	}
 673}
 674
 675void
 676drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 677	char buf[256];
 678	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 679	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 680
 681	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 682	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 683	if(!text)
 684		return;
 685	olen = strlen(text);
 686	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 687	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 688	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 689	/* shorten text if necessary */
 690	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 691	if(!len)
 692		return;
 693	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 694	if(len < olen)
 695		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 696	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 697	if(dc.font.set)
 698		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 699	else
 700		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 701}
 702
 703void
 704enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 705	Client *c;
 706	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 707
 708	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 709		return;
 710	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 711		focus(c);
 712	else
 713		focus(NULL);
 714}
 715
 716void
 717expose(XEvent *e) {
 718	unsigned int i;
 719	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 720
 721	for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++)
 722		if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == mon[i].barwin)) {
 723			drawbar(&mon[i]);
 724			break;
 725		}
 726}
 727
 728void
 729focus(Client *c) {
 730	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 731		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 732	if(sel && sel != c) {
 733		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 734		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 735	}
 736	if(c) {
 737		if(c->isurgent)
 738			clearurgent(c);
 739		detachstack(c);
 740		attachstack(c);
 741		grabbuttons(c, True);
 742		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 743		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 744	}
 745	else
 746		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 747	sel = c;
 748	if(c)
 749		selmon = &mon[c->mon];
 750	drawbars();
 751}
 752
 753void
 754focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 755	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 756
 757	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 758		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 759}
 760
 761#ifdef XINERAMA
 762void
 763focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 764	if(arg->ui >= nmons)
 765		return;
 766	selmon = &mon[arg->ui];
 767	focus(NULL);
 768	drawbars();
 769}
 770#endif /* XINERAMA */
 771
 772void
 773focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 774	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 775
 776	if(!sel)
 777		return;
 778	if(arg->i > 0) {
 779		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 780		if(!c)
 781			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 782	}
 783	else {
 784		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 785			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 786				c = i;
 787		if(!c)
 788			for(; i; i = i->next)
 789				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 790					c = i;
 791	}
 792	if(c) {
 793		focus(c);
 794		restack(selmon);
 795	}
 796}
 797
 798Client *
 799getclient(Window w) {
 800	Client *c;
 801
 802	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 803	return c;
 804}
 805
 806unsigned long
 807getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 808	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 809	XColor color;
 810
 811	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 812		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 813	return color.pixel;
 814}
 815
 816long
 817getstate(Window w) {
 818	int format, status;
 819	long result = -1;
 820	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 821	unsigned long n, extra;
 822	Atom real;
 823
 824	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 825			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 826	if(status != Success)
 827		return -1;
 828	if(n != 0)
 829		result = *p;
 830	XFree(p);
 831	return result;
 832}
 833
 834Bool
 835gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 836	char **list = NULL;
 837	int n;
 838	XTextProperty name;
 839
 840	if(!text || size == 0)
 841		return False;
 842	text[0] = '\0';
 843	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 844	if(!name.nitems)
 845		return False;
 846	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 847		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 848	else {
 849		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 850		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 851			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 852			XFreeStringList(list);
 853		}
 854	}
 855	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 856	XFree(name.value);
 857	return True;
 858}
 859
 860void
 861grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 862	updatenumlockmask();
 863	{
 864		unsigned int i, j;
 865		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 866		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 867		if(focused) {
 868			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 869				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 870					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 871						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 872						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 873						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 874						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 875		} else
 876			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 877			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 878	}
 879}
 880
 881void
 882grabkeys(void) {
 883	updatenumlockmask();
 884	{ /* grab keys */
 885		unsigned int i, j;
 886		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 887		KeyCode code;
 888
 889		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 890		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 891			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 892				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 893					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 894						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 895		}
 896	}
 897}
 898
 899void
 900initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 901	char *def, **missing;
 902	int i, n;
 903
 904	missing = NULL;
 905	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 906	if(missing) {
 907		while(n--)
 908			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 909		XFreeStringList(missing);
 910	}
 911	if(dc.font.set) {
 912		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 913		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 914		char **font_names;
 915		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 916		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 917		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 918		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 919			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 920			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 921			xfonts++;
 922		}
 923	}
 924	else {
 925		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 926		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 927			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 928		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 929		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 930	}
 931	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 932}
 933
 934Bool
 935isprotodel(Client *c) {
 936	int i, n;
 937	Atom *protocols;
 938	Bool ret = False;
 939
 940	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 941		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 942			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 943				ret = True;
 944		XFree(protocols);
 945	}
 946	return ret;
 947}
 948
 949void
 950keypress(XEvent *e) {
 951	unsigned int i;
 952	KeySym keysym;
 953	XKeyEvent *ev;
 954
 955	ev = &e->xkey;
 956	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 957	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 958		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 959		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 960		   && keys[i].func)
 961			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 962}
 963
 964void
 965killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 966	XEvent ev;
 967
 968	if(!sel)
 969		return;
 970	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 971		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 972		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 973		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 974		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 975		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 976		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 977		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 978	}
 979	else
 980		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 981}
 982
 983void
 984manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 985	static Client cz;
 986	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 987	Window trans = None;
 988	XWindowChanges wc;
 989
 990	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 991		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 992	*c = cz;
 993	c->win = w;
 994	for(c->mon = 0; selmon != &mon[c->mon]; c->mon++);
 995
 996	/* geometry */
 997	c->x = wa->x;
 998	c->y = wa->y;
 999	c->w = wa->width;
1000	c->h = wa->height;
1001	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1002	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1003		c->x = sx;
1004		c->y = sy;
1005		c->bw = 0;
1006	}
1007	else {
1008		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
1009			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
1010		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
1011			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
1012		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
1013		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1014		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((selmon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= selmon->wx)
1015		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < selmon->wx + selmon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
1016		c->bw = borderpx;
1017	}
1018
1019	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1020	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1021	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1022	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1023	updatesizehints(c);
1024	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1025	grabbuttons(c, False);
1026	updatetitle(c);
1027	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1028		t = getclient(trans);
1029	if(t)
1030		c->tags = t->tags;
1031	else
1032		applyrules(c);
1033	if(!c->isfloating)
1034		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1035	if(c->isfloating)
1036		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1037	attach(c);
1038	attachstack(c);
1039	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1040	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1041	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1042	arrange();
1043}
1044
1045void
1046mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1047	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1048
1049	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1050	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1051		grabkeys();
1052}
1053
1054void
1055maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1056	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1057	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1058
1059	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1060		return;
1061	if(wa.override_redirect)
1062		return;
1063	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1064		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1065}
1066
1067void
1068monocle(Monitor *m) {
1069	Client *c;
1070
1071	for(c = nexttiled(m, clients); c; c = nexttiled(m, c->next))
1072		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1073}
1074
1075void
1076movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1077	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1078	unsigned int dui;
1079	Client *c;
1080	Window dummy;
1081	XEvent ev;
1082
1083	if(!(c = sel))
1084		return;
1085	restack(selmon);
1086	ocx = c->x;
1087	ocy = c->y;
1088	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1089	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1090		return;
1091	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1092	do {
1093		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1094		switch (ev.type) {
1095		case ConfigureRequest:
1096		case Expose:
1097		case MapRequest:
1098			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1099			break;
1100		case MotionNotify:
1101			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1102			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1103			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1104			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1105				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1106					nx = selmon->wx;
1107				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1108					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1109				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1110					ny = selmon->wy;
1111				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1112					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1113				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1114				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1115					togglefloating(NULL);
1116			}
1117			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1118				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1119			break;
1120		}
1121	}
1122	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1123	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1124}
1125
1126Client *
1127nexttiled(Monitor *m, Client *c) {
1128	// TODO: m handling
1129	for(; c && (c->isfloating || m != &mon[c->mon] || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1130	return c;
1131}
1132
1133void
1134propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1135	Client *c;
1136	Window trans;
1137	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1138
1139	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1140		updatestatus();
1141	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1142		return; /* ignore */
1143	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1144		switch (ev->atom) {
1145		default: break;
1146		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1147			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1148			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1149				arrange();
1150			break;
1151		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1152			updatesizehints(c);
1153			break;
1154		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1155			updatewmhints(c);
1156			drawbars();
1157			break;
1158		}
1159		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1160			updatetitle(c);
1161			if(c == sel)
1162				drawbars();
1163		}
1164	}
1165}
1166
1167void
1168quit(const Arg *arg) {
1169	running = False;
1170}
1171
1172void
1173resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1174	XWindowChanges wc;
1175
1176	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1177		c->x = wc.x = x;
1178		c->y = wc.y = y;
1179		c->w = wc.width = w;
1180		c->h = wc.height = h;
1181		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1182		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1183				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1184		configure(c);
1185		XSync(dpy, False);
1186	}
1187}
1188
1189void
1190resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1191	int ocx, ocy;
1192	int nw, nh;
1193	Client *c;
1194	XEvent ev;
1195
1196	if(!(c = sel))
1197		return;
1198	restack(selmon);
1199	ocx = c->x;
1200	ocy = c->y;
1201	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1202	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1203		return;
1204	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1205	do {
1206		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1207		switch(ev.type) {
1208		case ConfigureRequest:
1209		case Expose:
1210		case MapRequest:
1211			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1212			break;
1213		case MotionNotify:
1214			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1215			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1216
1217			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1218			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1219				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1220				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1221					togglefloating(NULL);
1222			}
1223			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1224				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1225			break;
1226		}
1227	}
1228	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1229	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1230	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1231	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1232}
1233
1234void
1235restack(Monitor *m) {
1236	Client *c;
1237	XEvent ev;
1238	XWindowChanges wc;
1239
1240	drawbars();
1241	if(!sel)
1242		return;
1243	if(m == selmon && (sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange))
1244		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1245	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1246		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1247		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1248		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1249			if(!c->isfloating && m == &mon[c->mon] && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1250				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1251				wc.sibling = c->win;
1252			}
1253	}
1254	XSync(dpy, False);
1255	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1256}
1257
1258void
1259run(void) {
1260	XEvent ev;
1261
1262	/* main event loop */
1263	XSync(dpy, False);
1264	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1265		if(handler[ev.type])
1266			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1267	}
1268}
1269
1270void
1271scan(void) {
1272	unsigned int i, num;
1273	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1274	XWindowAttributes wa;
1275
1276	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1277		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1278			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1279			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1280				continue;
1281			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1282				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1283		}
1284		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1285			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1286				continue;
1287			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1288			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1289				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1290		}
1291		if(wins)
1292			XFree(wins);
1293	}
1294}
1295
1296void
1297setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1298	long data[] = {state, None};
1299
1300	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1301			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1302}
1303
1304void
1305setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1306	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1307		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1308	if(arg && arg->v)
1309		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1310	if(sel)
1311		arrange();
1312	else
1313		drawbars();
1314}
1315
1316/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1317void
1318setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1319	float f;
1320
1321	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1322		return;
1323	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1324	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1325		return;
1326	mfact = f;
1327	arrange();
1328}
1329
1330void
1331setup(void) {
1332	unsigned int i;
1333	int w;
1334	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1335
1336	/* init screen */
1337	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1338	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1339	initfont(font);
1340	sx = 0;
1341	sy = 0;
1342	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1343	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1344	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1345	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1346	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1347	updategeom();
1348
1349	/* init atoms */
1350	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1351	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1352	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1353	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1354	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1355
1356	/* init cursors */
1357	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1358	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1359	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1360
1361	/* init appearance */
1362	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1363	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1364	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1365	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1366	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1367	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1368	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1369	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1370	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1371	if(!dc.font.set)
1372		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1373
1374	/* init bars */
1375	wa.override_redirect = True;
1376	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1377	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1378	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1379		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1380		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1381	}
1382
1383	for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++) {
1384		mon[i].barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, mon[i].wx, mon[i].by, mon[i].ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1385
1386		                              CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1387		                              CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1388		XDefineCursor(dpy, mon[i].barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1389		XMapRaised(dpy, mon[i].barwin);
1390	}
1391	updatestatus();
1392
1393	/* EWMH support per view */
1394	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1395			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1396
1397	/* select for events */
1398	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1399			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1400			|PropertyChangeMask;
1401	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1402	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1403
1404	grabkeys();
1405}
1406
1407void
1408showhide(Client *c) {
1409	if(!c)
1410		return;
1411	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1412		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1413		if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1414			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1415		showhide(c->snext);
1416	}
1417	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1418		showhide(c->snext);
1419		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1420	}
1421}
1422
1423
1424void
1425sigchld(int signal) {
1426	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1427}
1428
1429void
1430spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1431	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1432	if(fork() == 0) {
1433		if(dpy)
1434			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1435		setsid();
1436		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1437		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1438		perror(" failed");
1439		exit(0);
1440	}
1441}
1442
1443void
1444tag(const Arg *arg) {
1445	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1446		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1447		arrange();
1448	}
1449}
1450
1451#ifdef XINERAMA
1452void
1453tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1454	if(!sel || arg->ui >= nmons)
1455		return;
1456	sel->mon = arg->ui;
1457	arrange();
1458}
1459#endif /* XINERAMA */
1460
1461int
1462textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1463	XRectangle r;
1464
1465	if(dc.font.set) {
1466		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1467		return r.width;
1468	}
1469	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1470}
1471
1472void
1473tile(Monitor *m) {
1474	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1475	unsigned int i, n;
1476	Client *c;
1477
1478	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m, clients); c; c = nexttiled(m, c->next), n++);
1479	if(n == 0)
1480		return;
1481
1482	/* master */
1483	c = nexttiled(m, clients);
1484	mw = mfact * m->ww;
1485	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1486
1487	if(--n == 0)
1488		return;
1489
1490	/* tile stack */
1491	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1492	y = m->wy;
1493	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1494	h = m->wh / n;
1495	if(h < bh)
1496		h = m->wh;
1497
1498	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(m, c->next); c; c = nexttiled(m, c->next), i++) {
1499		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1500		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1501		if(h != m->wh)
1502			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1503	}
1504}
1505
1506void
1507togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1508	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1509	updategeom();
1510	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1511	arrange();
1512}
1513
1514void
1515togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1516	if(!sel)
1517		return;
1518	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1519	if(sel->isfloating)
1520		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h);
1521	arrange();
1522}
1523
1524void
1525toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1526	unsigned int mask;
1527
1528	if(!sel)
1529		return;
1530	
1531	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1532	if(mask) {
1533		sel->tags = mask;
1534		arrange();
1535	}
1536}
1537
1538void
1539toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1540	unsigned int mask = tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1541
1542	if(mask) {
1543		tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1544		arrange();
1545	}
1546}
1547
1548void
1549unmanage(Client *c) {
1550	XWindowChanges wc;
1551
1552	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1553	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1554	XGrabServer(dpy);
1555	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1556	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1557	detach(c);
1558	detachstack(c);
1559	if(sel == c)
1560		focus(NULL);
1561	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1562	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1563	free(c);
1564	XSync(dpy, False);
1565	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1566	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1567	arrange();
1568}
1569
1570void
1571unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1572	Client *c;
1573	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1574
1575	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1576		unmanage(c);
1577}
1578
1579void
1580updategeom(void) {
1581#ifdef XINERAMA
1582	int di, x, y, n;
1583	unsigned int dui, i = 0;
1584	Bool pquery;
1585	Client *c;
1586	Window dummy;
1587	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1588
1589	/* window area geometry */
1590	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) {
1591		nmons = (unsigned int)n;
1592		for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1593			if(c->mon >= nmons)
1594				c->mon = nmons - 1;
1595		if(!(mon = (Monitor *)realloc(mon, sizeof(Monitor) * nmons)))
1596			die("fatal: could not realloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Monitor) * nmons);
1597		pquery = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1598		for(i = 0; i < nmons; i++) {
1599			/* TODO: consider re-using XineramaScreenInfo */
1600			mon[i].symbol[0] = '[';
1601			mon[i].symbol[1] = '0' + info[i].screen_number;
1602			mon[i].symbol[2] = ']';
1603			mon[i].symbol[3] = 0;
1604			mon[i].showbar = showbar;
1605			mon[i].topbar = topbar;
1606			mon[i].wx = info[i].x_org;
1607			mon[i].wy = mon[i].showbar && mon[i].topbar ? info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1608			mon[i].ww = info[i].width;
1609			mon[i].wh = mon[i].showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1610			mon[i].seltags = 0;
1611			mon[i].sellt = 0;
1612			if(mon[i].showbar)
1613				mon[i].by = mon[i].topbar ? info[i].y_org : mon[i].wy + mon[i].wh;
1614			else
1615				mon[i].by = -bh;
1616			if(pquery && INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1617				selmon = &mon[i];
1618		}
1619		XFree(info);
1620	}
1621	else
1622#endif /* XINERAMA */
1623	{
1624		nmons = 1;
1625		if(!(mon = (Monitor *)realloc(mon, sizeof(Monitor))))
1626			die("fatal: could not realloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Monitor));
1627		selmon = &mon[0];
1628		mon[0].symbol[0] = '[';
1629		mon[0].symbol[1] = '0';
1630		mon[0].symbol[2] = ']';
1631		mon[0].symbol[3] = 0;
1632		mon[0].showbar = showbar;
1633		mon[0].topbar = topbar;
1634		mon[0].wx = sx;
1635		mon[0].wy = mon[0].showbar && mon[0].topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1636		mon[0].ww = sw;
1637		mon[0].wh = mon[0].showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1638		mon[0].seltags = 0;
1639		mon[0].sellt = 0;
1640		if(mon[0].showbar)
1641			mon[0].by = mon[0].topbar ? sy : mon[0].wy + mon[0].wh;
1642		else
1643			mon[0].by = -bh;
1644	}
1645}
1646
1647void
1648updatenumlockmask(void) {
1649	unsigned int i, j;
1650	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1651
1652	numlockmask = 0;
1653	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1654	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1655		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1656			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1657			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1658				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1659	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1660}
1661
1662void
1663updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1664	long msize;
1665	XSizeHints size;
1666
1667	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1668		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1669		size.flags = PSize;
1670	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1671		c->basew = size.base_width;
1672		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1673	}
1674	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1675		c->basew = size.min_width;
1676		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1677	}
1678	else
1679		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1680	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1681		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1682		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1683	}
1684	else
1685		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1686	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1687		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1688		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1689	}
1690	else
1691		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1692	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1693		c->minw = size.min_width;
1694		c->minh = size.min_height;
1695	}
1696	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1697		c->minw = size.base_width;
1698		c->minh = size.base_height;
1699	}
1700	else
1701		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1702	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1703		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1704		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1705	}
1706	else
1707		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1708	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1709	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1710}
1711
1712void
1713updatetitle(Client *c) {
1714	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1715		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1716}
1717
1718void
1719updatestatus() {
1720	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1721		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1722	drawbar(selmon);
1723}
1724
1725void
1726updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1727	XWMHints *wmh;
1728
1729	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1730		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1731			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1732			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1733		}
1734		else
1735			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1736
1737		XFree(wmh);
1738	}
1739}
1740
1741void
1742view(const Arg *arg) {
1743	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[selmon->seltags])
1744		return;
1745	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1746	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1747		tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1748	arrange();
1749}
1750
1751/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1752 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1753 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1754int
1755xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1756	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1757	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1758	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1759	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1760	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1761	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1762	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1763	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1764	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1765		return 0;
1766	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1767			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1768	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1769}
1770
1771int
1772xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1773	return 0;
1774}
1775
1776/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1777 * is already running. */
1778int
1779xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1780	otherwm = True;
1781	return -1;
1782}
1783
1784void
1785zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1786	Client *c = sel;
1787
1788	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1789		return;
1790	if(c == nexttiled(selmon, clients))
1791		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(selmon, c->next)))
1792			return;
1793	detach(c);
1794	attach(c);
1795	focus(c);
1796	arrange();
1797}
1798
1799int
1800main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1801	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1802		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1803	else if(argc != 1)
1804		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1805
1806	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1807		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1808
1809	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1810		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1811
1812	checkotherwm();
1813	setup();
1814	scan();
1815	run();
1816	cleanup();
1817
1818	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1819	return 0;
1820}