1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47#define MAXTAGLEN		16
  48#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49#define DEFGEOM(GEONAME,BX,BY,BW,WX,WY,WW,WH,MX,MY,MW,MH,TX,TY,TW,TH,MOX,MOY,MOW,MOH) \
  50void GEONAME(void) { \
  51	bx = (BX); by = (BY); bw = (BW); \
  52	wx = (WX); wy = (WY); ww = (WW); wh = (WH); \
  53	mx = (MX); my = (MY); mw = (MW); mh = (MH); \
  54	tx = (TX); ty = (TY); tw = (TW); th = (TH); \
  55	mox = (MOX); moy = (MOY); mow = (MOW); moh = (MOH); \
  56}
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63
  64/* typedefs */
  65typedef struct Client Client;
  66struct Client {
  67	char name[256];
  68	int x, y, w, h;
  69	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  70	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  71	long flags;
  72	unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  73	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  74	Bool *tags;
  75	Client *next;
  76	Client *prev;
  77	Client *snext;
  78	Window win;
  79};
  80
  81typedef struct {
  82	int x, y, w, h;
  83	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  84	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  85	Drawable drawable;
  86	GC gc;
  87	struct {
  88		int ascent;
  89		int descent;
  90		int height;
  91		XFontSet set;
  92		XFontStruct *xfont;
  93	} font;
  94} DC; /* draw context */
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	const char *symbol;
  98	void (*apply)(void);
  99} Geom;
 100
 101typedef struct {
 102	unsigned long mod;
 103	KeySym keysym;
 104	void (*func)(const char *arg);
 105	const char *arg;
 106} Key;
 107
 108typedef struct {
 109	const char *symbol;
 110	void (*arrange)(void);
 111	Bool isfloating;
 112} Layout; 
 113
 114typedef struct {
 115	const char *class;
 116	const char *instance;
 117	const char *title;
 118	const char *tag;
 119	Bool isfloating;
 120} Rule;
 121
 122/* function declarations */
 123void applyrules(Client *c);
 124void arrange(void);
 125void attach(Client *c);
 126void attachstack(Client *c);
 127void ban(Client *c);
 128void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 129void checkotherwm(void);
 130void cleanup(void);
 131void configure(Client *c);
 132void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 133void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 134unsigned int counttiled(void);
 135void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 136void detach(Client *c);
 137void detachstack(Client *c);
 138void drawbar(void);
 139void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 140void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 141void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 142void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 143void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 144void expose(XEvent *e);
 145void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 146void focus(Client *c);
 147void focusin(XEvent *e);
 148void focusnext(const char *arg);
 149void focusprev(const char *arg);
 150Client *getclient(Window w);
 151unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 152long getstate(Window w);
 153Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 154void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 155void grabkeys(void);
 156unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 157void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 158Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 159Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 160Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 161Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 162void keypress(XEvent *e);
 163void killclient(const char *arg);
 164void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 165void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 166void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 167void monocle(void);
 168void movemouse(Client *c);
 169Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 170void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 171void quit(const char *arg);
 172void reapply(const char *arg);
 173void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 174void resizemouse(Client *c);
 175void restack(void);
 176void run(void);
 177void scan(void);
 178void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 179void setgeom(const char *arg);
 180void setlayout(const char *arg);
 181void setup(void);
 182void spawn(const char *arg);
 183void tag(const char *arg);
 184unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 185unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 186void tileh(void);
 187void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 188Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 189void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 190void tilev(void);
 191void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 192void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 193void toggletag(const char *arg);
 194void toggleview(const char *arg);
 195void unban(Client *c);
 196void unmanage(Client *c);
 197void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 198void updatebarpos(void);
 199void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 200void updatetitle(Client *c);
 201void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 202void view(const char *arg);
 203void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 204int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 206int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 207void zoom(const char *arg);
 208
 209/* variables */
 210char stext[256], buf[256];
 211int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 212int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 213int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, bgw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 214unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 215void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 216	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 217	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 218	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 219	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 220	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 221	[Expose] = expose,
 222	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 223	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 224	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 225	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 226	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 227	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 228};
 229Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 230Bool otherwm, readin;
 231Bool running = True;
 232Bool *prevtags;
 233Bool *seltags;
 234Client *clients = NULL;
 235Client *sel = NULL;
 236Client *stack = NULL;
 237Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 238Display *dpy;
 239DC dc = {0};
 240Geom *geom = NULL;
 241Layout *lt = NULL;
 242Window root, barwin;
 243
 244/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 245#include "config.h"
 246#define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 247static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 248
 249/* function implementations */
 250
 251void
 252applyrules(Client *c) {
 253	unsigned int i;
 254	Bool matched = False;
 255	Rule *r;
 256	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 257
 258	/* rule matching */
 259	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 260	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 261		r = &rules[i];
 262		if((r->title && strstr(c->name, r->title))
 263		|| (ch.res_class && r->class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class))
 264		|| (ch.res_name && r->instance && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))
 265		{
 266			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 267			if(r->tag) {
 268				c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 269				matched = True;
 270			}
 271		}
 272	}
 273	if(ch.res_class)
 274		XFree(ch.res_class);
 275	if(ch.res_name)
 276		XFree(ch.res_name);
 277	if(!matched)
 278		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 279}
 280
 281void
 282arrange(void) {
 283	Client *c;
 284
 285	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 286		if(isvisible(c))
 287			unban(c);
 288		else
 289			ban(c);
 290
 291	focus(NULL);
 292	lt->arrange();
 293	restack();
 294}
 295
 296void
 297attach(Client *c) {
 298	if(clients)
 299		clients->prev = c;
 300	c->next = clients;
 301	clients = c;
 302}
 303
 304void
 305attachstack(Client *c) {
 306	c->snext = stack;
 307	stack = c;
 308}
 309
 310void
 311ban(Client *c) {
 312	if(c->isbanned)
 313		return;
 314	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 315	c->isbanned = True;
 316}
 317
 318void
 319buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 320	unsigned int i, x;
 321	Client *c;
 322	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 323
 324	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 325		x = bgw;
 326		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 327			x += textw(tags[i]);
 328			if(ev->x > bgw && ev->x < x) {
 329				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 330					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 331						tag(tags[i]);
 332					else
 333						view(tags[i]);
 334				}
 335				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 336					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 337						toggletag(tags[i]);
 338					else
 339						toggleview(tags[i]);
 340				}
 341				return;
 342			}
 343		}
 344	}
 345	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 346		focus(c);
 347		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 348			return;
 349		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 350			restack();
 351			movemouse(c);
 352		}
 353		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 354			if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 355				togglefloating(NULL);
 356			else
 357				zoom(NULL);
 358		}
 359		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 360			restack();
 361			resizemouse(c);
 362		}
 363	}
 364}
 365
 366void
 367checkotherwm(void) {
 368	otherwm = False;
 369	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 370
 371	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 372	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 373	XSync(dpy, False);
 374	if(otherwm)
 375		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 376	XSync(dpy, False);
 377	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 378	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 379	XSync(dpy, False);
 380}
 381
 382void
 383cleanup(void) {
 384	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 385	while(stack) {
 386		unban(stack);
 387		unmanage(stack);
 388	}
 389	if(dc.font.set)
 390		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 391	else
 392		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 393	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 394	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 395	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 396	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 397	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 398	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 399	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 400	XSync(dpy, False);
 401	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 402}
 403
 404void
 405configure(Client *c) {
 406	XConfigureEvent ce;
 407
 408	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 409	ce.display = dpy;
 410	ce.event = c->win;
 411	ce.window = c->win;
 412	ce.x = c->x;
 413	ce.y = c->y;
 414	ce.width = c->w;
 415	ce.height = c->h;
 416	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 417	ce.above = None;
 418	ce.override_redirect = False;
 419	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 420}
 421
 422void
 423configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 424	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 425
 426	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 427		sw = ev->width;
 428		sh = ev->height;
 429		setgeom(NULL);
 430	}
 431}
 432
 433void
 434configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 435	Client *c;
 436	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 437	XWindowChanges wc;
 438
 439	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 440		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 441			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 442		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 443			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 444				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 445			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 446				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 447			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 448				c->w = ev->width;
 449			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 450				c->h = ev->height;
 451			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 452				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 453			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 454				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 455			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 456			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 457				configure(c);
 458			if(isvisible(c))
 459				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 460		}
 461		else
 462			configure(c);
 463	}
 464	else {
 465		wc.x = ev->x;
 466		wc.y = ev->y;
 467		wc.width = ev->width;
 468		wc.height = ev->height;
 469		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 470		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 471		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 472		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 473	}
 474	XSync(dpy, False);
 475}
 476
 477unsigned int
 478counttiled(void) {
 479	unsigned int n;
 480	Client *c;
 481
 482	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 483	return n;
 484}
 485
 486void
 487destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 488	Client *c;
 489	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 490
 491	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 492		unmanage(c);
 493}
 494
 495void
 496detach(Client *c) {
 497	if(c->prev)
 498		c->prev->next = c->next;
 499	if(c->next)
 500		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 501	if(c == clients)
 502		clients = c->next;
 503	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 504}
 505
 506void
 507detachstack(Client *c) {
 508	Client **tc;
 509
 510	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 511	*tc = c->snext;
 512}
 513
 514void
 515drawbar(void) {
 516	int i, x;
 517	Client *c;
 518
 519	dc.x = 0;
 520	dc.w = bgw;
 521	drawtext(geom->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 522	dc.x += bgw;
 523	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 524	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 525		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 526		if(seltags[i]) {
 527			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 528			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 529		}
 530		else {
 531			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 532			drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 533		}
 534		dc.x += dc.w;
 535	}
 536	dc.w = blw;
 537	drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 538	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 539	dc.w = textw(stext);
 540	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 541	if(dc.x < x) {
 542		dc.x = x;
 543		dc.w = bw - x;
 544	}
 545	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 546	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 547		dc.x = x;
 548		if(c) {
 549			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 550			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 551		}
 552		else
 553			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 554	}
 555	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 556	XSync(dpy, False);
 557}
 558
 559void
 560drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 561	int x;
 562	XGCValues gcv;
 563	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 564
 565	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 566	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 567	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 568	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 569	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 570	if(filled) {
 571		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 572		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 573	}
 574	else if(empty) {
 575		r.width = r.height = x;
 576		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 577	}
 578}
 579
 580void
 581drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 582	int x, y, w, h;
 583	unsigned int len, olen;
 584	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 585
 586	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 587	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 588	if(!text)
 589		return;
 590	w = 0;
 591	olen = len = strlen(text);
 592	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 593		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 594	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 595	buf[len] = 0;
 596	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 597	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 598	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 599	/* shorten text if necessary */
 600	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 601		buf[--len] = 0;
 602	if(len < olen) {
 603		if(len > 1)
 604			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 605		if(len > 2)
 606			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 607		if(len > 3)
 608			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 609	}
 610	if(w > dc.w)
 611		return; /* too long */
 612	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 613	if(dc.font.set)
 614		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 615	else
 616		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 617}
 618
 619void *
 620emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 621	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 622
 623	if(!res)
 624		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 625	return res;
 626}
 627
 628void
 629enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 630	Client *c;
 631	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 632
 633	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 634		return;
 635	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 636		focus(c);
 637	else
 638		focus(NULL);
 639}
 640
 641void
 642eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 643	va_list ap;
 644
 645	va_start(ap, errstr);
 646	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 647	va_end(ap);
 648	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 649}
 650
 651void
 652expose(XEvent *e) {
 653	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 654
 655	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 656		drawbar();
 657}
 658
 659void
 660floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 661	Client *c;
 662
 663	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 664		if(isvisible(c))
 665			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 666}
 667
 668void
 669focus(Client *c) {
 670	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 671		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 672	if(sel && sel != c) {
 673		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 674		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 675	}
 676	if(c) {
 677		detachstack(c);
 678		attachstack(c);
 679		grabbuttons(c, True);
 680	}
 681	sel = c;
 682	if(c) {
 683		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 684		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 685	}
 686	else
 687		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 688	drawbar();
 689}
 690
 691void
 692focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 693	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 694
 695	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 696		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 697}
 698
 699void
 700focusnext(const char *arg) {
 701	Client *c;
 702
 703	if(!sel)
 704		return;
 705	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 706	if(!c)
 707		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 708	if(c) {
 709		focus(c);
 710		restack();
 711	}
 712}
 713
 714void
 715focusprev(const char *arg) {
 716	Client *c;
 717
 718	if(!sel)
 719		return;
 720	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 721	if(!c) {
 722		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 723		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 724	}
 725	if(c) {
 726		focus(c);
 727		restack();
 728	}
 729}
 730
 731Client *
 732getclient(Window w) {
 733	Client *c;
 734
 735	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 736	return c;
 737}
 738
 739unsigned long
 740getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 741	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 742	XColor color;
 743
 744	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 745		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 746	return color.pixel;
 747}
 748
 749long
 750getstate(Window w) {
 751	int format, status;
 752	long result = -1;
 753	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 754	unsigned long n, extra;
 755	Atom real;
 756
 757	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 758			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 759	if(status != Success)
 760		return -1;
 761	if(n != 0)
 762		result = *p;
 763	XFree(p);
 764	return result;
 765}
 766
 767Bool
 768gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 769	char **list = NULL;
 770	int n;
 771	XTextProperty name;
 772
 773	if(!text || size == 0)
 774		return False;
 775	text[0] = '\0';
 776	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 777	if(!name.nitems)
 778		return False;
 779	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 780		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 781	else {
 782		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 783		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 784			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 785			XFreeStringList(list);
 786		}
 787	}
 788	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 789	XFree(name.value);
 790	return True;
 791}
 792
 793void
 794grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 795	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 796
 797	if(focused) {
 798		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 799				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 800		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 801				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 802		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806
 807		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 808				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 809		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 810				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 811		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 812				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815
 816		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 817				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 818		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 819				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 820		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 822		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824	}
 825	else
 826		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828}
 829
 830void
 831grabkeys(void)  {
 832	unsigned int i, j;
 833	KeyCode code;
 834	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 835
 836	/* init modifier map */
 837	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 838	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 839		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 840			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 841				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 842		}
 843	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 844
 845	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 846	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 847		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 848		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 849				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 850		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 851				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 852		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 853				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 854		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 855				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 856	}
 857}
 858
 859unsigned int
 860idxoftag(const char *t) {
 861	unsigned int i;
 862
 863	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 864	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 865}
 866
 867void
 868initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 869	char *def, **missing;
 870	int i, n;
 871
 872	missing = NULL;
 873	if(dc.font.set)
 874		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 875	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 876	if(missing) {
 877		while(n--)
 878			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 879		XFreeStringList(missing);
 880	}
 881	if(dc.font.set) {
 882		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 883		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 884		char **font_names;
 885		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 886		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 887		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 888		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 889			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 890				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 891			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 892				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 893			xfonts++;
 894		}
 895	}
 896	else {
 897		if(dc.font.xfont)
 898			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 899		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 900		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 901		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 902			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 903		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 904		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 905	}
 906	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 907}
 908
 909Bool
 910isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 911	Client *c;
 912
 913	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 914		if(c->tags[t])
 915			return True;
 916	return False;
 917}
 918
 919Bool
 920isprotodel(Client *c) {
 921	int i, n;
 922	Atom *protocols;
 923	Bool ret = False;
 924
 925	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 926		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 927			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 928				ret = True;
 929		XFree(protocols);
 930	}
 931	return ret;
 932}
 933
 934Bool
 935isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 936	Client *c;
 937
 938	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 939		if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 940			return True;
 941	return False;
 942}
 943
 944Bool
 945isvisible(Client *c) {
 946	unsigned int i;
 947
 948	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 949		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 950			return True;
 951	return False;
 952}
 953
 954void
 955keypress(XEvent *e) {
 956	unsigned int i;
 957	KeySym keysym;
 958	XKeyEvent *ev;
 959
 960	ev = &e->xkey;
 961	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 962	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 963		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 964		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 965		{
 966			if(keys[i].func)
 967				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 968		}
 969}
 970
 971void
 972killclient(const char *arg) {
 973	XEvent ev;
 974
 975	if(!sel)
 976		return;
 977	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 978		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 979		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 980		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 981		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 982		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 983		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 984		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 985	}
 986	else
 987		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 988}
 989
 990void
 991manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 992	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 993	Status rettrans;
 994	Window trans;
 995	XWindowChanges wc;
 996
 997	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 998	c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 999	c->win = w;
1000
1001	/* geometry */
1002	c->x = wa->x;
1003	c->y = wa->y;
1004	c->w = wa->width;
1005	c->h = wa->height;
1006	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1007	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1008		c->x = sx;
1009		c->y = sy;
1010		c->bw = wa->border_width;
1011	}
1012	else {
1013		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
1014			c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1015		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
1016			c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1017		if(c->x < wx)
1018			c->x = wx;
1019		if(c->y < wy)
1020			c->y = wy;
1021		c->bw = BORDERPX;
1022	}
1023
1024	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1025	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1026	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1027	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1028	updatesizehints(c);
1029	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1030	grabbuttons(c, False);
1031	updatetitle(c);
1032	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1033		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1034	if(t)
1035		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1036	else
1037		applyrules(c);
1038	if(!c->isfloating)
1039		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1040	attach(c);
1041	attachstack(c);
1042	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1043	ban(c);
1044	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1045	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1046	arrange();
1047}
1048
1049void
1050mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1051	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1052
1053	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1054	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1055		grabkeys();
1056}
1057
1058void
1059maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1060	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1061	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1062
1063	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1064		return;
1065	if(wa.override_redirect)
1066		return;
1067	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1068		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1069}
1070
1071void
1072monocle(void) {
1073	Client *c;
1074
1075	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1076		if(isvisible(c))
1077			resize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1078}
1079
1080void
1081movemouse(Client *c) {
1082	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1083	unsigned int dui;
1084	Window dummy;
1085	XEvent ev;
1086
1087	ocx = nx = c->x;
1088	ocy = ny = c->y;
1089	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1090			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1091		return;
1092	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1093	for(;;) {
1094		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1095		switch (ev.type) {
1096		case ButtonRelease:
1097			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1098			return;
1099		case ConfigureRequest:
1100		case Expose:
1101		case MapRequest:
1102			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1103			break;
1104		case MotionNotify:
1105			XSync(dpy, False);
1106			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1107			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1108			if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1109				nx = wx;
1110			else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1111				nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1112			if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1113				ny = wy;
1114			else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1115				ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1116			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1117				togglefloating(NULL);
1118			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1119				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1120			break;
1121		}
1122	}
1123}
1124
1125Client *
1126nexttiled(Client *c) {
1127	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1128	return c;
1129}
1130
1131void
1132propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1133	Client *c;
1134	Window trans;
1135	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1136
1137	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1138		return; /* ignore */
1139	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1140		switch (ev->atom) {
1141		default: break;
1142		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1143			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1144			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1145				arrange();
1146			break;
1147		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1148			updatesizehints(c);
1149			break;
1150		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1151			updatewmhints(c);
1152			drawbar();
1153			break;
1154		}
1155		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1156			updatetitle(c);
1157			if(c == sel)
1158				drawbar();
1159		}
1160	}
1161}
1162
1163void
1164quit(const char *arg) {
1165	readin = running = False;
1166}
1167
1168void
1169reapply(const char *arg) {
1170	static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1171	Client *c;
1172
1173	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1174		memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1175		applyrules(c);
1176	}
1177	arrange();
1178}
1179
1180void
1181resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1182	XWindowChanges wc;
1183
1184	if(sizehints) {
1185		/* set minimum possible */
1186		if (w < 1)
1187			w = 1;
1188		if (h < 1)
1189			h = 1;
1190
1191		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1192		w -= c->basew;
1193		h -= c->baseh;
1194
1195		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1196		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1197			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1198				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1199			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1200				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1201		}
1202
1203		/* adjust for increment value */
1204		if(c->incw)
1205			w -= w % c->incw;
1206		if(c->inch)
1207			h -= h % c->inch;
1208
1209		/* restore base dimensions */
1210		w += c->basew;
1211		h += c->baseh;
1212
1213		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1214			w = c->minw;
1215		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1216			h = c->minh;
1217		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1218			w = c->maxw;
1219		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1220			h = c->maxh;
1221	}
1222	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1223		return;
1224	if(x > sx + sw)
1225		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1226	if(y > sy + sh)
1227		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1228	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1229		x = sx;
1230	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1231		y = sy;
1232	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1233		c->x = wc.x = x;
1234		c->y = wc.y = y;
1235		c->w = wc.width = w;
1236		c->h = wc.height = h;
1237		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1238		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1239				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1240		configure(c);
1241		XSync(dpy, False);
1242	}
1243}
1244
1245void
1246resizemouse(Client *c) {
1247	int ocx, ocy;
1248	int nw, nh;
1249	XEvent ev;
1250
1251	ocx = c->x;
1252	ocy = c->y;
1253	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1254			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1255		return;
1256	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1257	for(;;) {
1258		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1259		switch(ev.type) {
1260		case ButtonRelease:
1261			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1262					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1263			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1264			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1265			return;
1266		case ConfigureRequest:
1267		case Expose:
1268		case MapRequest:
1269			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1270			break;
1271		case MotionNotify:
1272			XSync(dpy, False);
1273			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0)
1274				nw = 1;
1275			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0)
1276				nh = 1;
1277			if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1278				togglefloating(NULL);
1279			if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1280				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1281			break;
1282		}
1283	}
1284}
1285
1286void
1287restack(void) {
1288	Client *c;
1289	XEvent ev;
1290	XWindowChanges wc;
1291
1292	drawbar();
1293	if(!sel)
1294		return;
1295	if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1296		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1297	if(!lt->isfloating) {
1298		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1299		wc.sibling = barwin;
1300		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1301			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1302			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1303		}
1304		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1305			if(c == sel)
1306				continue;
1307			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1308			wc.sibling = c->win;
1309		}
1310	}
1311	XSync(dpy, False);
1312	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1313}
1314
1315void
1316run(void) {
1317	char *p;
1318	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1319	fd_set rd;
1320	int r, xfd;
1321	unsigned int len, offset;
1322	XEvent ev;
1323
1324	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1325	XSync(dpy, False);
1326	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1327	readin = True;
1328	offset = 0;
1329	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1330	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1331	while(running) {
1332		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1333		if(readin)
1334			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1335		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1336		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1337			if(errno == EINTR)
1338				continue;
1339			eprint("select failed\n");
1340		}
1341		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1342			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1343			case -1:
1344				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1345				readin = False;
1346				break;
1347			case 0:
1348				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1349				readin = False;
1350				break;
1351			default:
1352				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1353					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1354						*p = '\0';
1355						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1356						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1357						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1358						offset = r;
1359						if(r)
1360							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1361						break;
1362					}
1363				break;
1364			}
1365			drawbar();
1366		}
1367		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1368			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1369			if(handler[ev.type])
1370				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1371		}
1372	}
1373}
1374
1375void
1376scan(void) {
1377	unsigned int i, num;
1378	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1379	XWindowAttributes wa;
1380
1381	wins = NULL;
1382	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1383		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1384			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1385					|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1386				continue;
1387			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1388				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1389		}
1390		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1391			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1392				continue;
1393			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1394					&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1395				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1396		}
1397	}
1398	if(wins)
1399		XFree(wins);
1400}
1401
1402void
1403setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1404	long data[] = {state, None};
1405
1406	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1407			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1408}
1409
1410void
1411setgeom(const char *arg) {
1412	unsigned int i;
1413
1414	for(i = 0; arg && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++)
1415		if(!strcmp(geoms[i].symbol, arg))
1416			break;
1417	if(i == LENGTH(geoms))
1418		return;
1419	geom = &geoms[i];
1420	geom->apply();
1421	updatebarpos();
1422	arrange();
1423}
1424
1425void
1426setlayout(const char *arg) {
1427	static Layout *revert = 0;
1428	unsigned int i;
1429
1430	if(!arg)
1431		return;
1432	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1433		if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1434			break;
1435	if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1436		return;
1437	if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1438		lt = revert;
1439	else {
1440		revert = lt;
1441		lt = &layouts[i];
1442	}
1443	if(sel)
1444		arrange();
1445	else
1446		drawbar();
1447}
1448
1449void
1450setup(void) {
1451	unsigned int i, w;
1452	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1453
1454	/* init screen */
1455	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1456	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1457	initfont(FONT);
1458
1459	/* apply default geometry */
1460	sx = 0;
1461	sy = 0;
1462	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1463	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1464	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1465	geom = &geoms[0];
1466	geom->apply();
1467
1468	/* init atoms */
1469	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1470	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1471	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1472	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1473	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1474	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1475
1476	/* init cursors */
1477	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1478	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1479	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1480
1481	/* init appearance */
1482	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1483	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1484	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1485	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1486	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1487	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1488	initfont(FONT);
1489	dc.h = bh;
1490	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1491	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1492	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1493	if(!dc.font.set)
1494		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1495
1496	/* init tags */
1497	seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1498	prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1499	seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1500
1501	/* init layouts */
1502	lt = &layouts[0];
1503
1504	/* init bar */
1505	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1506		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1507		if(w > blw)
1508			blw = w;
1509	}
1510	for(bgw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) {
1511		w = textw(geoms[i].symbol);
1512		if(w > bgw)
1513			bgw = w;
1514	}
1515
1516	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1517	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1518	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1519
1520	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1521				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1522				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1523	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1524	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1525	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1526	drawbar();
1527
1528	/* EWMH support per view */
1529	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1530			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1531
1532	/* select for events */
1533	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1534			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1535	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1536	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1537
1538
1539	/* grab keys */
1540	grabkeys();
1541}
1542
1543void
1544spawn(const char *arg) {
1545	static char *shell = NULL;
1546
1547	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1548		shell = "/bin/sh";
1549	if(!arg)
1550		return;
1551	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1552	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1553	if(fork() == 0) {
1554		if(fork() == 0) {
1555			if(dpy)
1556				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1557			setsid();
1558			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1559			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1560			perror(" failed");
1561		}
1562		exit(0);
1563	}
1564	wait(0);
1565}
1566
1567void
1568tag(const char *arg) {
1569	unsigned int i;
1570
1571	if(!sel)
1572		return;
1573	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1574		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1575	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1576	arrange();
1577}
1578
1579unsigned int
1580textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1581	XRectangle r;
1582
1583	if(dc.font.set) {
1584		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1585		return r.width;
1586	}
1587	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1588}
1589
1590unsigned int
1591textw(const char *text) {
1592	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1593}
1594
1595void
1596tileh(void) {
1597	int x, w;
1598	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1599	Client *c;
1600
1601	if(n == 0)
1602		return;
1603	c = tilemaster(n);
1604	if(--n == 0)
1605		return;
1606
1607	x = tx;
1608	w = tw / n;
1609	if(w < bh)
1610		w = tw;
1611
1612	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1613		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1614			tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1615		else
1616			tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1617		if(w != tw)
1618			x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1619	}
1620}
1621
1622Client *
1623tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1624	Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1625
1626	if(n == 1)
1627		tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw);
1628	else
1629		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1630	return c;
1631}
1632
1633void
1634tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1635	resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1636	if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1637		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1638		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1639}
1640
1641void
1642tilev(void) {
1643	int y, h;
1644	unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1645	Client *c;
1646
1647	if(n == 0)
1648		return;
1649	c = tilemaster(n);
1650	if(--n == 0)
1651		return;
1652
1653	y = ty;
1654	h = th / n;
1655	if(h < bh)
1656		h = th;
1657
1658	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1659		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1660			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1661		else
1662			tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1663		if(h != th)
1664			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1665	}
1666}
1667
1668void
1669togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1670	if(!sel)
1671		return;
1672	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1673	if(sel->isfloating)
1674		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1675	arrange();
1676}
1677
1678void
1679toggletag(const char *arg) {
1680	unsigned int i, j;
1681
1682	if(!sel)
1683		return;
1684	i = idxoftag(arg);
1685	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1686	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1687	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1688		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1689	arrange();
1690}
1691
1692void
1693toggleview(const char *arg) {
1694	unsigned int i, j;
1695
1696	i = idxoftag(arg);
1697	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1698	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1699	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1700		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1701	arrange();
1702}
1703
1704void
1705unban(Client *c) {
1706	if(!c->isbanned)
1707		return;
1708	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1709	c->isbanned = False;
1710}
1711
1712void
1713unmanage(Client *c) {
1714	XWindowChanges wc;
1715
1716	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1717	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1718	XGrabServer(dpy);
1719	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1720	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1721	detach(c);
1722	detachstack(c);
1723	if(sel == c)
1724		focus(NULL);
1725	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1726	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1727	free(c->tags);
1728	free(c);
1729	XSync(dpy, False);
1730	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1731	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1732	arrange();
1733}
1734
1735void
1736unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1737	Client *c;
1738	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1739
1740	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1741		unmanage(c);
1742}
1743
1744void
1745updatebarpos(void) {
1746
1747	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1748		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1749	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1750	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1751}
1752
1753void
1754updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1755	long msize;
1756	XSizeHints size;
1757
1758	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1759		size.flags = PSize;
1760	c->flags = size.flags;
1761	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1762		c->basew = size.base_width;
1763		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1764	}
1765	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1766		c->basew = size.min_width;
1767		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1768	}
1769	else
1770		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1771	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1772		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1773		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1774	}
1775	else
1776		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1777	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1778		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1779		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1780	}
1781	else
1782		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1783	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1784		c->minw = size.min_width;
1785		c->minh = size.min_height;
1786	}
1787	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1788		c->minw = size.base_width;
1789		c->minh = size.base_height;
1790	}
1791	else
1792		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1793	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1794		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1795		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1796		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1797		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1798	}
1799	else
1800		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1801	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1802			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1803}
1804
1805void
1806updatetitle(Client *c) {
1807	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1808		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1809}
1810
1811void
1812updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1813	XWMHints *wmh;
1814
1815	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1816		if(c == sel)
1817			sel->isurgent = False;
1818		else
1819			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1820		XFree(wmh);
1821	}
1822}
1823
1824
1825void
1826view(const char *arg) {
1827	unsigned int i;
1828
1829	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1830		tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1831	tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1832
1833	if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1834		memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1835		memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1836		arrange();
1837	}
1838}
1839
1840void
1841viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1842
1843	memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1844	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1845	memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1846	arrange();
1847}
1848
1849/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1850 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1851 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1852int
1853xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1854	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1855	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1856	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1857	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1858	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1859	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1860	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1861	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1862		return 0;
1863	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1864		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1865	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1866}
1867
1868int
1869xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1870	return 0;
1871}
1872
1873/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1874 * is already running. */
1875int
1876xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1877	otherwm = True;
1878	return -1;
1879}
1880
1881void
1882zoom(const char *arg) {
1883	Client *c = sel;
1884
1885	if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1886		return;
1887	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1888		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1889			return;
1890	detach(c);
1891	attach(c);
1892	focus(c);
1893	arrange();
1894}
1895
1896int
1897main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1898	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1899		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1900	else if(argc != 1)
1901		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1902
1903	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1904	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1905		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1906
1907	checkotherwm();
1908	setup();
1909	scan();
1910	run();
1911	cleanup();
1912
1913	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1914	return 0;
1915}