1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <signal.h>
  27#include <stdio.h>
  28#include <stdlib.h>
  29#include <string.h>
  30#include <unistd.h>
  31#include <sys/types.h>
  32#include <sys/wait.h>
  33#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  34#include <X11/keysym.h>
  35#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  36#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  37#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  38#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  39#ifdef XINERAMA
  40#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  41#endif /* XINERAMA */
  42
  43/* macros */
  44#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  47#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  48#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  49#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  50#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  81typedef struct Client Client;
  82struct Client {
  83	char name[256];
  84	float mina, maxa;
  85	int x, y, w, h;
  86	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  87	int bw, oldbw;
  88	unsigned int tags;
  89	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  90	Client *next;
  91	Client *snext;
  92	Monitor *mon;
  93	Window win;
  94};
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	int x, y, w, h;
  98	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  99	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 100	Drawable drawable;
 101	GC gc;
 102	struct {
 103		int ascent;
 104		int descent;
 105		int height;
 106		XFontSet set;
 107		XFontStruct *xfont;
 108	} font;
 109} DC; /* draw context */
 110
 111typedef struct {
 112	unsigned int mod;
 113	KeySym keysym;
 114	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 115	const Arg arg;
 116} Key;
 117
 118typedef struct {
 119	const char *symbol;
 120	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 121} Layout;
 122
 123struct Monitor {
 124	int screen_number;
 125	float mfact;
 126	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 127	int mx, my, mw, mh;   /* screen size */
 128	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 129	unsigned int seltags;
 130	unsigned int sellt;
 131	unsigned int tagset[2];
 132	Bool showbar;
 133	Bool topbar;
 134	Client *clients;
 135	Client *sel;
 136	Client *stack;
 137	Monitor *next;
 138	Window barwin;
 139};
 140
 141typedef struct {
 142	const char *class;
 143	const char *instance;
 144	const char *title;
 145	unsigned int tags;
 146	Bool isfloating;
 147} Rule;
 148
 149/* function declarations */
 150static void applyrules(Client *c);
 151static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 152static void arrange(void);
 153static void attach(Client *c);
 154static void attachstack(Client *c);
 155static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 156static void checkotherwm(void);
 157static void cleanup(void);
 158static void cleanupmons(void);
 159static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 160static void configure(Client *c);
 161static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 162static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 163static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 164static void detach(Client *c);
 165static void detachstack(Client *c);
 166static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 167static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 168static void drawbars(void);
 169static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 170static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 171static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 172static void expose(XEvent *e);
 173static void focus(Client *c);
 174static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 175static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 176static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 177static Bool getrootpointer(int *x, int *y);
 178static long getstate(Window w);
 179static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 180static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 181static void grabkeys(void);
 182static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 183static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 184static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 185static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 186static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 187static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 188static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 189static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 190static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 191static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 192static Monitor *pointertomon(int x, int y);
 193static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 194static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 195static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 196static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 197static void restack(Monitor *m);
 198static void run(void);
 199static void scan(void);
 200static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
 201static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 202static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 203static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 204static void setup(void);
 205static void showhide(Client *c);
 206static void sigchld(int signal);
 207static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 208static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 209static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 210static void tile(Monitor *);
 211static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 212static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 213static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 214static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 215static void unfocus(Client *c);
 216static void unmanage(Client *c);
 217static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 218static void updategeom(void);
 219static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 220static void updatebars(void);
 221static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 222static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 223static void updatestatus(void);
 224static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 225static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 226static void view(const Arg *arg);
 227static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
 228static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
 229static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 230static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 231static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 232static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 233#ifdef XINERAMA
 234static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 235static Monitor *idxtomon(unsigned int n);
 236static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 237#endif /* XINERAMA */
 238
 239/* variables */
 240static char stext[256];
 241static int screen;
 242static int sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 243static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 244static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 245static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 246static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 247	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 248	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 249	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 250	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 251	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 252	[Expose] = expose,
 253	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 254	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 255	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 256	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 257	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 258	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 259};
 260static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 261static Bool otherwm;
 262static Bool running = True;
 263static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 264static Display *dpy;
 265static DC dc;
 266static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 267static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 268static Window root;
 269/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 270#include "config.h"
 271
 272/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 273struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 274
 275/* function implementations */
 276void
 277applyrules(Client *c) {
 278	unsigned int i;
 279	Rule *r;
 280	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 281
 282	/* rule matching */
 283	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 284	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 285		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 286			r = &rules[i];
 287			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 288			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 289			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 290				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 291				c->tags |= r->tags;
 292			}
 293		}
 294		if(ch.res_class)
 295			XFree(ch.res_class);
 296		if(ch.res_name)
 297			XFree(ch.res_name);
 298	}
 299	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 300}
 301
 302Bool
 303applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 304	Bool baseismin;
 305	Monitor *m = c->mon;
 306
 307	/* set minimum possible */
 308	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 309	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 310
 311	if(*x > m->mx + m->mw)
 312		*x = m->mw - WIDTH(c);
 313	if(*y > m->my + m->mh)
 314		*y = m->mh - HEIGHT(c);
 315	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < m->mx)
 316		*x = m->mx;
 317	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < m->my)
 318		*y = m->my;
 319	if(*h < bh)
 320		*h = bh;
 321	if(*w < bh)
 322		*w = bh;
 323
 324	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 325		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 326		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 327
 328		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 329			*w -= c->basew;
 330			*h -= c->baseh;
 331		}
 332
 333		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 334		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 335			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 336				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 337			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 338				*h = *w * c->mina;
 339		}
 340
 341		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 342			*w -= c->basew;
 343			*h -= c->baseh;
 344		}
 345
 346		/* adjust for increment value */
 347		if(c->incw)
 348			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 349		if(c->inch)
 350			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 351
 352		/* restore base dimensions */
 353		*w += c->basew;
 354		*h += c->baseh;
 355
 356		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 357		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 358
 359		if(c->maxw)
 360			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 361
 362		if(c->maxh)
 363			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 364	}
 365	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 366}
 367
 368void
 369arrange(void) {
 370	Monitor *m;
 371
 372	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 373	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 374		showhide(m->stack);
 375	focus(NULL);
 376	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 377		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 378			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 379		restack(m);
 380	}
 381}
 382
 383void
 384attach(Client *c) {
 385	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 386	c->mon->clients = c;
 387}
 388
 389void
 390attachstack(Client *c) {
 391	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 392	c->mon->stack = c;
 393}
 394
 395void
 396buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 397	unsigned int i, x, click;
 398	Arg arg = {0};
 399	Client *c;
 400	Monitor *m;
 401	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 402
 403	click = ClkRootWin;
 404	/* focus monitor if necessary */
 405	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 406		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 407		selmon = m;
 408		focus(NULL);
 409	}
 410	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 411		i = 0;
 412		x = selmon->btx;
 413		do
 414			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 415		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 416		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 417			click = ClkTagBar;
 418			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 419		}
 420		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 421			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 422		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 423			click = ClkStatusText;
 424		else
 425			click = ClkWinTitle;
 426	}
 427	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 428		focus(c);
 429		click = ClkClientWin;
 430	}
 431
 432	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 433		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 434		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 435			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 436}
 437
 438void
 439checkotherwm(void) {
 440	otherwm = False;
 441	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 442
 443	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 444	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 445	XSync(dpy, False);
 446	if(otherwm)
 447		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 448	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 449	XSync(dpy, False);
 450}
 451
 452void
 453cleanup(void) {
 454	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 455	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 456	Monitor *m;
 457
 458	view(&a);
 459	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 460	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 461		while(m->stack)
 462			unmanage(m->stack);
 463	if(dc.font.set)
 464		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 465	else
 466		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 467	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 468	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 469	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 470	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 471	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 472	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 473	cleanupmons();
 474	XSync(dpy, False);
 475	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 476}
 477
 478void
 479cleanupmons(void) {
 480	Monitor *m;
 481
 482	while(mons) {
 483		m = mons->next;
 484		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 485		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 486		free(mons);
 487		mons = m;
 488	}
 489}
 490
 491void
 492clearurgent(Client *c) {
 493	XWMHints *wmh;
 494
 495	c->isurgent = False;
 496	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 497		return;
 498	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 499	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 500	XFree(wmh);
 501}
 502
 503void
 504configure(Client *c) {
 505	XConfigureEvent ce;
 506
 507	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 508	ce.display = dpy;
 509	ce.event = c->win;
 510	ce.window = c->win;
 511	ce.x = c->x;
 512	ce.y = c->y;
 513	ce.width = c->w;
 514	ce.height = c->h;
 515	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 516	ce.above = None;
 517	ce.override_redirect = False;
 518	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 519}
 520
 521void
 522configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 523	Monitor *m;
 524	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 525
 526	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 527		sw = ev->width;
 528		sh = ev->height;
 529		updategeom();
 530		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 531			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 532		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 533		updatebars();
 534		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 535			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 536		arrange();
 537	}
 538}
 539
 540void
 541configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 542	Client *c;
 543	Monitor *m;
 544	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 545	XWindowChanges wc;
 546
 547	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
 548		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 549			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 550		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 551			m = c->mon;
 552			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 553				c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
 554			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 555				c->y = m->my + ev->y;
 556			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 557				c->w = ev->width;
 558			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 559				c->h = ev->height;
 560			if((c->x - m->mx + c->w) > m->mw && c->isfloating)
 561				c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 562			if((c->y - m->my + c->h) > m->mh && c->isfloating)
 563				c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 564			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 565				configure(c);
 566			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 567				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 568		}
 569		else
 570			configure(c);
 571	}
 572	else {
 573		wc.x = ev->x;
 574		wc.y = ev->y;
 575		wc.width = ev->width;
 576		wc.height = ev->height;
 577		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 578		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 579		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 580		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 581	}
 582	XSync(dpy, False);
 583}
 584
 585void
 586destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 587	Client *c;
 588	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 589
 590	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 591		unmanage(c);
 592}
 593
 594void
 595detach(Client *c) {
 596	Client **tc;
 597
 598	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 599	*tc = c->next;
 600}
 601
 602void
 603detachstack(Client *c) {
 604	Client **tc, *t;
 605
 606	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 607	*tc = c->snext;
 608
 609	if(c == c->mon->sel) {
 610		for(t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
 611		c->mon->sel = t;
 612	}
 613}
 614
 615void
 616die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 617	va_list ap;
 618
 619	va_start(ap, errstr);
 620	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 621	va_end(ap);
 622	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 623}
 624
 625void
 626drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 627	int x;
 628	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 629	unsigned long *col;
 630	Client *c;
 631
 632	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 633		occ |= c->tags;
 634		if(c->isurgent)
 635			urg |= c->tags;
 636	}
 637
 638	dc.x = 0;
 639#ifdef XINERAMA
 640	if(mons->next) { /* more than a single monitor */
 641		char buf[2];
 642		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 643		buf[1] = '\0';
 644		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 645		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 646		dc.x += dc.w;
 647	}
 648#endif /* XINERAMA */
 649	m->btx = dc.x;
 650	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 651		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 652		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 653		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 654		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 655		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 656		dc.x += dc.w;
 657	}
 658	if(blw > 0) {
 659		dc.w = blw;
 660		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 661		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 662	}
 663	else
 664		x = dc.x;
 665	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 666		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 667		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 668		if(dc.x < x) {
 669			dc.x = x;
 670			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 671		}
 672		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 673	}
 674	else {
 675		dc.x = m->ww;
 676	}
 677	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 678		dc.x = x;
 679		if(m->sel) {
 680			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 681			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 682			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 683		}
 684		else
 685			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 686	}
 687	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 688	XSync(dpy, False);
 689}
 690
 691void
 692drawbars(void) {
 693	Monitor *m;
 694
 695	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 696		drawbar(m);
 697}
 698
 699void
 700drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 701	int x;
 702	XGCValues gcv;
 703	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 704
 705	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 706	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 707	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 708	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 709	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 710	if(filled) {
 711		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 712		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 713	}
 714	else if(empty) {
 715		r.width = r.height = x;
 716		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 717	}
 718}
 719
 720void
 721drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 722	char buf[256];
 723	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 724	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 725
 726	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 727	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 728	if(!text)
 729		return;
 730	olen = strlen(text);
 731	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 732	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 733	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 734	/* shorten text if necessary */
 735	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 736	if(!len)
 737		return;
 738	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 739	if(len < olen)
 740		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 741	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 742	if(dc.font.set)
 743		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 744	else
 745		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 746}
 747
 748void
 749enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 750	Client *c;
 751	Monitor *m;
 752	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 753
 754	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 755		return;
 756	if((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 757		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 758		selmon = m;
 759	}
 760	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
 761		focus(c);
 762	else
 763		focus(NULL);
 764}
 765
 766void
 767expose(XEvent *e) {
 768	Monitor *m;
 769	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 770
 771	if(ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window)))
 772		drawbar(m);
 773}
 774
 775void
 776focus(Client *c) {
 777	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 778		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 779	if(selmon->sel)
 780		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 781	if(c) {
 782		if(c->mon != selmon)
 783			selmon = c->mon;
 784		if(c->isurgent)
 785			clearurgent(c);
 786		detachstack(c);
 787		attachstack(c);
 788		grabbuttons(c, True);
 789		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 790		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 791	}
 792	else
 793		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 794	selmon->sel = c;
 795	drawbars();
 796}
 797
 798void
 799focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 800	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 801
 802	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 803		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 804}
 805
 806#ifdef XINERAMA
 807void
 808focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 809	Monitor *m;
 810
 811	if(!(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)) || m == selmon)
 812		return;
 813	unfocus(selmon->sel);
 814	selmon = m;
 815	focus(NULL);
 816}
 817#endif /* XINERAMA */
 818
 819void
 820focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 821	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 822
 823	if(!selmon->sel)
 824		return;
 825	if(arg->i > 0) {
 826		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 827		if(!c)
 828			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 829	}
 830	else {
 831		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 832			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 833				c = i;
 834		if(!c)
 835			for(; i; i = i->next)
 836				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 837					c = i;
 838	}
 839	if(c) {
 840		focus(c);
 841		restack(selmon);
 842	}
 843}
 844
 845unsigned long
 846getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 847	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 848	XColor color;
 849
 850	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 851		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 852	return color.pixel;
 853}
 854
 855Bool
 856getrootpointer(int *x, int *y) {
 857	int di;
 858	unsigned int dui;
 859	Window dummy;
 860	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
 861}
 862
 863long
 864getstate(Window w) {
 865	int format, status;
 866	long result = -1;
 867	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 868	unsigned long n, extra;
 869	Atom real;
 870
 871	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 872			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 873	if(status != Success)
 874		return -1;
 875	if(n != 0)
 876		result = *p;
 877	XFree(p);
 878	return result;
 879}
 880
 881Bool
 882gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 883	char **list = NULL;
 884	int n;
 885	XTextProperty name;
 886
 887	if(!text || size == 0)
 888		return False;
 889	text[0] = '\0';
 890	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 891	if(!name.nitems)
 892		return False;
 893	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 894		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 895	else {
 896		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 897		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 898			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 899			XFreeStringList(list);
 900		}
 901	}
 902	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 903	XFree(name.value);
 904	return True;
 905}
 906
 907void
 908grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 909	updatenumlockmask();
 910	{
 911		unsigned int i, j;
 912		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 913		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 914		if(focused) {
 915			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 916				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 917					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 918						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 919						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 920						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 921						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 922		} else
 923			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 924			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 925	}
 926}
 927
 928void
 929grabkeys(void) {
 930	updatenumlockmask();
 931	{ /* grab keys */
 932		unsigned int i, j;
 933		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 934		KeyCode code;
 935
 936		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 937		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 938			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 939				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 940					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 941						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 942		}
 943	}
 944}
 945
 946#ifdef XINERAMA
 947Monitor *
 948idxtomon(unsigned int n) {
 949	unsigned int i;
 950	Monitor *m;
 951
 952	for(m = mons, i = 0; m && i != n; m = m->next, i++);
 953	return m;
 954}
 955#endif /* XINERAMA */
 956
 957void
 958initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 959	char *def, **missing;
 960	int i, n;
 961
 962	missing = NULL;
 963	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 964	if(missing) {
 965		while(n--)
 966			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 967		XFreeStringList(missing);
 968	}
 969	if(dc.font.set) {
 970		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 971		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 972		char **font_names;
 973		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 974		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 975		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 976		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 977			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 978			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 979			xfonts++;
 980		}
 981	}
 982	else {
 983		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 984		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 985			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 986		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 987		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 988	}
 989	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 990}
 991
 992Bool
 993isprotodel(Client *c) {
 994	int i, n;
 995	Atom *protocols;
 996	Bool ret = False;
 997
 998	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 999		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
1000			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
1001				ret = True;
1002		XFree(protocols);
1003	}
1004	return ret;
1005}
1006
1007void
1008keypress(XEvent *e) {
1009	unsigned int i;
1010	KeySym keysym;
1011	XKeyEvent *ev;
1012
1013	ev = &e->xkey;
1014	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1015	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1016		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1017		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1018		   && keys[i].func)
1019			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1020}
1021
1022void
1023killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1024	XEvent ev;
1025
1026	if(!selmon->sel)
1027		return;
1028	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1029		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1030		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1031		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1032		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1033		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1034		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1035		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1036	}
1037	else
1038		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1039}
1040
1041void
1042manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1043	static Client cz;
1044	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1045	Window trans = None;
1046	XWindowChanges wc;
1047
1048	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1049		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1050	*c = cz;
1051	c->win = w;
1052
1053	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1054		t = wintoclient(trans);
1055	if(t) {
1056		c->mon = t->mon;
1057		c->tags = t->tags;
1058	}
1059	else {
1060		c->mon = selmon;
1061		applyrules(c);
1062	}
1063
1064	/* geometry */
1065	c->x = wa->x + c->mon->wx;
1066	c->y = wa->y + c->mon->wy;
1067	c->w = wa->width;
1068	c->h = wa->height;
1069	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1070	if(c->w == c->mon->mw && c->h == c->mon->mh) {
1071		c->x = c->mon->mx;
1072		c->y = c->mon->my;
1073		c->bw = 0;
1074	}
1075	else {
1076		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw)
1077			c->x = c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c);
1078		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->my + c->mon->mh)
1079			c->y = c->mon->my + c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c);
1080		c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
1081		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1082		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1083		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : c->mon->my);
1084		c->bw = borderpx;
1085	}
1086
1087	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1088	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1089	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1090	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1091	updatesizehints(c);
1092	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1093	grabbuttons(c, False);
1094	updatetitle(c);
1095	if(!c->isfloating)
1096		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1097	if(c->isfloating)
1098		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1099	attach(c);
1100	attachstack(c);
1101	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1102	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1103	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1104	arrange();
1105}
1106
1107void
1108mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1109	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1110
1111	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1112	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1113		grabkeys();
1114}
1115
1116void
1117maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1118	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1119	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1120
1121	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1122		return;
1123	if(wa.override_redirect)
1124		return;
1125	if(!wintoclient(ev->window))
1126		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1127}
1128
1129void
1130monocle(Monitor *m) {
1131	Client *c;
1132
1133	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1134		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1135}
1136
1137void
1138movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1139	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
1140	Client *c;
1141	Monitor *m;
1142	XEvent ev;
1143
1144	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1145		return;
1146	restack(selmon);
1147	ocx = c->x;
1148	ocy = c->y;
1149	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1150	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1151		return;
1152	if(!getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1153		return;
1154	do {
1155		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1156		switch (ev.type) {
1157		case ConfigureRequest:
1158		case Expose:
1159		case MapRequest:
1160			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1161			break;
1162		case MotionNotify:
1163			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1164			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1165			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1166			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1167				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1168					nx = selmon->wx;
1169				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1170					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1171				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1172					ny = selmon->wy;
1173				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1174					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1175				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1176				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1177					togglefloating(NULL);
1178			}
1179			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1180				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1181			break;
1182		}
1183	}
1184	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1185	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1186	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1187		sendmon(c, m);
1188		selmon = m;
1189		focus(NULL);
1190	}
1191}
1192
1193Client *
1194nexttiled(Client *c) {
1195	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1196	return c;
1197}
1198
1199Monitor *
1200pointertomon(int x, int y) {
1201	Monitor *m;
1202
1203	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1204		if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh))
1205			return m;
1206	return mons;
1207}
1208
1209void
1210propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1211	Client *c;
1212	Window trans;
1213	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1214
1215	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1216		updatestatus();
1217	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1218		return; /* ignore */
1219	else if((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
1220		switch (ev->atom) {
1221		default: break;
1222		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1223			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1224			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans) != NULL)))
1225				arrange();
1226			break;
1227		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1228			updatesizehints(c);
1229			break;
1230		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1231			updatewmhints(c);
1232			drawbars();
1233			break;
1234		}
1235		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1236			updatetitle(c);
1237			if(c == selmon->sel)
1238				drawbars();
1239		}
1240	}
1241}
1242
1243void
1244quit(const Arg *arg) {
1245	running = False;
1246}
1247
1248void
1249resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1250	XWindowChanges wc;
1251
1252	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1253		c->x = wc.x = x;
1254		c->y = wc.y = y;
1255		c->w = wc.width = w;
1256		c->h = wc.height = h;
1257		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1258		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1259		configure(c);
1260		XSync(dpy, False);
1261	}
1262}
1263
1264void
1265resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1266	int ocx, ocy;
1267	int nw, nh;
1268	Client *c;
1269	Monitor *m;
1270	XEvent ev;
1271
1272	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1273		return;
1274	restack(selmon);
1275	ocx = c->x;
1276	ocy = c->y;
1277	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1278	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1279		return;
1280	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1281	do {
1282		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1283		switch(ev.type) {
1284		case ConfigureRequest:
1285		case Expose:
1286		case MapRequest:
1287			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1288			break;
1289		case MotionNotify:
1290			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1291			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1292
1293			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1294			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1295				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1296				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1297					togglefloating(NULL);
1298			}
1299			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1300				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1301			break;
1302		}
1303	}
1304	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1305	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1306	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1307	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1308	if((m = pointertomon(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon) {
1309		sendmon(c, m);
1310		selmon = m;
1311		focus(NULL);
1312	}
1313}
1314
1315void
1316restack(Monitor *m) {
1317	Client *c;
1318	XEvent ev;
1319	XWindowChanges wc;
1320
1321	drawbars();
1322	if(!m->sel)
1323		return;
1324	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1325		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1326	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1327		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1328		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1329		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1330			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1331				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1332				wc.sibling = c->win;
1333			}
1334	}
1335	XSync(dpy, False);
1336	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1337}
1338
1339void
1340run(void) {
1341	XEvent ev;
1342
1343	/* main event loop */
1344	XSync(dpy, False);
1345	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1346		if(handler[ev.type])
1347			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1348	}
1349}
1350
1351void
1352scan(void) {
1353	unsigned int i, num;
1354	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1355	XWindowAttributes wa;
1356
1357	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1358		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1359			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1360			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1361				continue;
1362			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1363				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1364		}
1365		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1366			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1367				continue;
1368			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1369			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1370				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1371		}
1372		if(wins)
1373			XFree(wins);
1374	}
1375}
1376
1377void
1378sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
1379	if(c->mon == m)
1380		return;
1381	detach(c);
1382	detachstack(c);
1383	c->mon = m;
1384	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1385	attach(c);
1386	attachstack(c);
1387	focus(NULL);
1388	arrange();
1389}
1390
1391void
1392setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1393	long data[] = {state, None};
1394
1395	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1396			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1397}
1398
1399void
1400setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1401	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1402		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1403	if(arg && arg->v)
1404		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1405	if(selmon->sel)
1406		arrange();
1407	else
1408		drawbars();
1409}
1410
1411/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1412void
1413setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1414	float f;
1415
1416	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1417		return;
1418	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1419	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1420		return;
1421	selmon->mfact = f;
1422	arrange();
1423}
1424
1425void
1426setup(void) {
1427	unsigned int i;
1428	int w;
1429	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1430
1431	/* init screen */
1432	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1433	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1434	initfont(font);
1435	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1436	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1437	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1438	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1439	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1440	updategeom();
1441
1442	/* init atoms */
1443	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1444	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1445	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1446	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1447	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1448
1449	/* init cursors */
1450	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1451	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1452	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1453
1454	/* init appearance */
1455	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1456	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1457	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1458	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1459	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1460	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1461	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1462	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1463	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1464	if(!dc.font.set)
1465		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1466
1467	/* init bars */
1468	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1469		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1470		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1471	}
1472	updatebars();
1473	updatestatus();
1474
1475	/* EWMH support per view */
1476	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1477			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1478
1479	/* select for events */
1480	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1481	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1482			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1483			|PropertyChangeMask;
1484	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1485	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1486
1487	grabkeys();
1488}
1489
1490void
1491showhide(Client *c) {
1492	if(!c)
1493		return;
1494	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1495		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1496		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1497			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1498		showhide(c->snext);
1499	}
1500	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1501		showhide(c->snext);
1502		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1503	}
1504}
1505
1506
1507void
1508sigchld(int signal) {
1509	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1510}
1511
1512void
1513spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1514	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1515	if(fork() == 0) {
1516		if(dpy)
1517			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1518		setsid();
1519		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1520		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1521		perror(" failed");
1522		exit(0);
1523	}
1524}
1525
1526void
1527tag(const Arg *arg) {
1528	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1529		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1530		arrange();
1531	}
1532}
1533
1534#ifdef XINERAMA
1535void
1536tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1537	Monitor *m;
1538
1539	if(!selmon->sel || !(m = idxtomon(arg->ui)))
1540		return;
1541	sendmon(selmon->sel, m);
1542}
1543#endif /* XINERAMA */
1544
1545int
1546textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1547	XRectangle r;
1548
1549	if(dc.font.set) {
1550		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1551		return r.width;
1552	}
1553	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1554}
1555
1556void
1557tile(Monitor *m) {
1558	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1559	unsigned int i, n;
1560	Client *c;
1561
1562	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1563	if(n == 0)
1564		return;
1565
1566	/* master */
1567	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1568	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1569	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1570
1571	if(--n == 0)
1572		return;
1573
1574	/* tile stack */
1575	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1576	y = m->wy;
1577	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1578	h = m->wh / n;
1579	if(h < bh)
1580		h = m->wh;
1581
1582	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1583		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1584		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1585		if(h != m->wh)
1586			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1587	}
1588}
1589
1590void
1591togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1592	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1593	updatebarpos(selmon);
1594	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1595	arrange();
1596}
1597
1598void
1599togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1600	if(!selmon->sel)
1601		return;
1602	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1603	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1604		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1605	arrange();
1606}
1607
1608void
1609toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1610	unsigned int mask;
1611
1612	if(!selmon->sel)
1613		return;
1614	
1615	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1616	if(mask) {
1617		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1618		arrange();
1619	}
1620}
1621
1622void
1623toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1624	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1625
1626	if(mask) {
1627		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1628		arrange();
1629	}
1630}
1631
1632void
1633unfocus(Client *c) {
1634	if(!c)
1635		return;
1636	grabbuttons(c, False);
1637	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1638	XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1639}
1640
1641void
1642unmanage(Client *c) {
1643	XWindowChanges wc;
1644
1645	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1646	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1647	XGrabServer(dpy);
1648	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1649	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1650	detach(c);
1651	detachstack(c);
1652	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1653	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1654	free(c);
1655	XSync(dpy, False);
1656	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1657	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1658	focus(NULL);
1659	arrange();
1660}
1661
1662void
1663unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1664	Client *c;
1665	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1666
1667	if((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
1668		unmanage(c);
1669}
1670
1671void
1672updatebars(void) {
1673	Monitor *m;
1674	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1675
1676	wa.override_redirect = True;
1677	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1678	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1679
1680	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1681		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1682
1683		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1684		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1685		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1686		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1687	}
1688}
1689
1690void
1691updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1692	m->wy = m->my;
1693	m->wh = m->mh;
1694	if(m->showbar) {
1695		m->wh -= bh;
1696		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1697		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1698	}
1699	else
1700		m->by = -bh;
1701}
1702
1703void
1704updategeom(void) {
1705	int i, n = 1;
1706	Client *c;
1707	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1708
1709#ifdef XINERAMA
1710	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1711
1712	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1713		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1714#endif /* XINERAMA */
1715	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1716	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1717		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1718		m->next = newmons;
1719		newmons = m;
1720	}
1721
1722	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1723#ifdef XINERAMA
1724	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1725		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1726			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1727			m->mx = m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1728			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1729			m->mw = m->ww = info[i].width;
1730			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1731		}
1732		XFree(info);
1733	}
1734	else
1735#endif /* XINERAMA */
1736	/* default monitor setup */
1737	{
1738		m->screen_number = 0;
1739		m->wx = 0;
1740		m->my = m->wy = 0;
1741		m->ww = sw;
1742		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1743	}
1744
1745	/* bar geometry setup */
1746	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1747		m->sel = m->stack = m->clients = NULL;
1748		m->seltags = 0;
1749		m->sellt = 0;
1750		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1751		m->mfact = mfact;
1752		m->showbar = SHOWBAR;
1753		m->topbar = TOPBAR;
1754		updatebarpos(m);
1755	}
1756
1757	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1758	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1759		while(tm->clients) {
1760			c = tm->clients;
1761			tm->clients = c->next;
1762			detachstack(c);
1763			c->mon = newmons;
1764			attach(c);
1765			attachstack(c);
1766		}
1767
1768	/* select focused monitor */
1769	cleanupmons();
1770	mons = newmons;
1771	selmon = wintomon(root);
1772}
1773
1774void
1775updatenumlockmask(void) {
1776	unsigned int i, j;
1777	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1778
1779	numlockmask = 0;
1780	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1781	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1782		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1783			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1784			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1785				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1786	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1787}
1788
1789void
1790updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1791	long msize;
1792	XSizeHints size;
1793
1794	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1795		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1796		size.flags = PSize;
1797	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1798		c->basew = size.base_width;
1799		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1800	}
1801	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1802		c->basew = size.min_width;
1803		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1804	}
1805	else
1806		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1807	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1808		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1809		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1810	}
1811	else
1812		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1813	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1814		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1815		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1816	}
1817	else
1818		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1819	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1820		c->minw = size.min_width;
1821		c->minh = size.min_height;
1822	}
1823	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1824		c->minw = size.base_width;
1825		c->minh = size.base_height;
1826	}
1827	else
1828		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1829	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1830		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1831		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1832	}
1833	else
1834		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1835	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1836	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1837}
1838
1839void
1840updatetitle(Client *c) {
1841	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1842		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1843}
1844
1845void
1846updatestatus(void) {
1847	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1848		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1849	drawbar(selmon);
1850}
1851
1852void
1853updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1854	XWMHints *wmh;
1855
1856	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1857		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1858			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1859			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1860		}
1861		else
1862			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1863
1864		XFree(wmh);
1865	}
1866}
1867
1868void
1869view(const Arg *arg) {
1870	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1871		return;
1872	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1873	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1874		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1875	arrange();
1876}
1877
1878Client *
1879wintoclient(Window w) {
1880	Client *c;
1881	Monitor *m;
1882
1883	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1884		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
1885			if(c->win == w)
1886				return c;
1887	return NULL;
1888}
1889
1890Monitor *
1891wintomon(Window w) {
1892	int x, y;
1893	Client *c;
1894	Monitor *m;
1895
1896	if(w == root && getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1897		return pointertomon(x, y);
1898	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
1899		if(w == m->barwin)
1900			return m;
1901	if((c = wintoclient(w)))
1902		return c->mon;
1903	return mons;
1904}
1905
1906/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1907 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1908 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1909int
1910xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1911	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1912	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1913	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1914	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1915	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1916	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1917	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1918	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1919	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1920		return 0;
1921	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1922			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1923	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1924}
1925
1926int
1927xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1928	return 0;
1929}
1930
1931/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1932 * is already running. */
1933int
1934xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1935	otherwm = True;
1936	return -1;
1937}
1938
1939void
1940zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1941	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1942
1943	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1944		return;
1945	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1946		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1947			return;
1948	detach(c);
1949	attach(c);
1950	focus(c);
1951	arrange();
1952}
1953
1954int
1955main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1956	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1957		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1958	else if(argc != 1)
1959		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1960
1961	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1962		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1963
1964	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1965		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1966
1967	checkotherwm();
1968	setup();
1969	scan();
1970	run();
1971	cleanup();
1972
1973	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1974	return 0;
1975}