1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.  
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <regex.h>
  37#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  38#include <X11/keysym.h>
  39#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  40#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  41#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  42#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  43
  44/* macros */
  45#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
  46#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
  47#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
  48#define LENGTH(x)		(sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  49
  50
  51/* enums */
  52enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
  53enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
  54enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
  55enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
  56enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  57
  58/* typedefs */
  59typedef struct Client Client;
  60struct Client {
  61	char name[256];
  62	int x, y, w, h;
  63	int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
  64	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  65	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  66	long flags;
  67	unsigned int border, oldborder;
  68	Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
  69	Bool *tags;
  70	Client *next;
  71	Client *prev;
  72	Client *snext;
  73	Window win;
  74};
  75
  76typedef struct {
  77	int x, y, w, h;
  78	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  79	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  80	Drawable drawable;
  81	GC gc;
  82	struct {
  83		int ascent;
  84		int descent;
  85		int height;
  86		XFontSet set;
  87		XFontStruct *xfont;
  88	} font;
  89} DC; /* draw context */
  90
  91typedef struct {
  92	unsigned long mod;
  93	KeySym keysym;
  94	void (*func)(const char *arg);
  95	const char *arg;
  96} Key;
  97
  98typedef struct {
  99	const char *symbol;
 100	void (*arrange)(void);
 101} Layout;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *prop;
 105	const char *tags;
 106	Bool isfloating;
 107} Rule;
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	regex_t *propregex;
 111	regex_t *tagregex;
 112} Regs;
 113
 114/* function declarations */
 115void applyrules(Client *c);
 116void arrange(void);
 117void attach(Client *c);
 118void attachstack(Client *c);
 119void ban(Client *c);
 120void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 121void checkotherwm(void);
 122void cleanup(void);
 123void compileregs(void);
 124void configure(Client *c);
 125void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 126void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 127void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 128void detach(Client *c);
 129void detachstack(Client *c);
 130void drawbar(void);
 131void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 132void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 133void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 134void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 135void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 136void expose(XEvent *e);
 137void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusnext(const char *arg);
 140void focusprev(const char *arg);
 141Client *getclient(Window w);
 142unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 143long getstate(Window w);
 144Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 145void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 146unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
 147void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 148Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 149Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 150Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 151void keypress(XEvent *e);
 152void killclient(const char *arg);
 153void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
 154void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 155void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 156void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 157void movemouse(Client *c);
 158Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160void quit(const char *arg);
 161void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 162void resizemouse(Client *c);
 163void restack(void);
 164void run(void);
 165void scan(void);
 166void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 167void setlayout(const char *arg);
 168void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 169void setup(void);
 170void spawn(const char *arg);
 171void tag(const char *arg);
 172unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 173unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 174void tile(void);
 175void togglebar(const char *arg);
 176void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 177void togglemax(const char *arg);
 178void toggletag(const char *arg);
 179void toggleview(const char *arg);
 180void unban(Client *c);
 181void unmanage(Client *c);
 182void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 183void updatebarpos(void);
 184void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 185void updatetitle(Client *c);
 186void view(const char *arg);
 187void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
 188int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191void zoom(const char *arg);
 192
 193/* variables */
 194char stext[256];
 195double mwfact;
 196int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
 197int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 198unsigned int bh, bpos;
 199unsigned int blw = 0;
 200unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 201void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 202	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 203	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 204	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 205	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 206	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 207	[LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 208	[Expose] = expose,
 209	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 210	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 211	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 212	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 213	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 214};
 215Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 216Bool domwfact = True;
 217Bool dozoom = True;
 218Bool otherwm, readin;
 219Bool running = True;
 220Bool selscreen = True;
 221Client *clients = NULL;
 222Client *sel = NULL;
 223Client *stack = NULL;
 224Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 225Display *dpy;
 226DC dc = {0};
 227Layout *layout = NULL;
 228Window barwin, root;
 229Regs *regs = NULL;
 230
 231/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 232#include "config.h"
 233
 234Bool prevtags[LENGTH(tags)] = {[0] = True};
 235
 236/* function implementations */
 237void
 238applyrules(Client *c) {
 239	static char buf[512];
 240	unsigned int i, j;
 241	regmatch_t tmp;
 242	Bool matched = False;
 243	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 244
 245	/* rule matching */
 246	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 247	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
 248			ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
 249			ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
 250	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++)
 251		if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 252			c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
 253			for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < LENGTH(tags); j++) {
 254				if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 255					matched = True;
 256					c->tags[j] = True;
 257				}
 258			}
 259		}
 260	if(ch.res_class)
 261		XFree(ch.res_class);
 262	if(ch.res_name)
 263		XFree(ch.res_name);
 264	if(!matched)
 265		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
 266}
 267
 268void
 269arrange(void) {
 270	Client *c;
 271
 272	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 273		if(isvisible(c))
 274			unban(c);
 275		else
 276			ban(c);
 277	layout->arrange();
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	restack();
 280}
 281
 282void
 283attach(Client *c) {
 284	if(clients)
 285		clients->prev = c;
 286	c->next = clients;
 287	clients = c;
 288}
 289
 290void
 291attachstack(Client *c) {
 292	c->snext = stack;
 293	stack = c;
 294}
 295
 296void
 297ban(Client *c) {
 298	if(c->isbanned)
 299		return;
 300	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 301	c->isbanned = True;
 302}
 303
 304void
 305buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 306	unsigned int i, x;
 307	Client *c;
 308	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 309
 310	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 311		x = 0;
 312		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 313			x += textw(tags[i]);
 314			if(ev->x < x) {
 315				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 316					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 317						tag(tags[i]);
 318					else
 319						view(tags[i]);
 320				}
 321				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 322					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 323						toggletag(tags[i]);
 324					else
 325						toggleview(tags[i]);
 326				}
 327				return;
 328			}
 329		}
 330		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 331			setlayout(NULL);
 332	}
 333	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 334		focus(c);
 335		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 336			return;
 337		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 338			if((layout->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
 339				restack();
 340			else
 341				togglefloating(NULL);
 342			movemouse(c);
 343		}
 344		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 345			if((floating != layout->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 346				togglefloating(NULL);
 347			else
 348				zoom(NULL);
 349		}
 350		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 351			if((floating == layout->arrange) || c->isfloating)
 352				restack();
 353			else
 354				togglefloating(NULL);
 355			resizemouse(c);
 356		}
 357	}
 358}
 359
 360void
 361checkotherwm(void) {
 362	otherwm = False;
 363	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 364
 365	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 366	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
 367	XSync(dpy, False);
 368	if(otherwm)
 369		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 370	XSync(dpy, False);
 371	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 372	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 373	XSync(dpy, False);
 374}
 375
 376void
 377cleanup(void) {
 378	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 379	while(stack) {
 380		unban(stack);
 381		unmanage(stack);
 382	}
 383	if(dc.font.set)
 384		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 385	else
 386		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 387	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 388	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 389	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 390	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 391	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 392	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 393	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 394	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 395	XSync(dpy, False);
 396}
 397
 398void
 399compileregs(void) {
 400	unsigned int i;
 401	regex_t *reg;
 402
 403	if(regs)
 404		return;
 405	regs = emallocz(LENGTH(rules) * sizeof(Regs));
 406	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 407		if(rules[i].prop) {
 408			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 409			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
 410				free(reg);
 411			else
 412				regs[i].propregex = reg;
 413		}
 414		if(rules[i].tags) {
 415			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 416			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
 417				free(reg);
 418			else
 419				regs[i].tagregex = reg;
 420		}
 421	}
 422}
 423
 424void
 425configure(Client *c) {
 426	XConfigureEvent ce;
 427
 428	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 429	ce.display = dpy;
 430	ce.event = c->win;
 431	ce.window = c->win;
 432	ce.x = c->x;
 433	ce.y = c->y;
 434	ce.width = c->w;
 435	ce.height = c->h;
 436	ce.border_width = c->border;
 437	ce.above = None;
 438	ce.override_redirect = False;
 439	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 440}
 441
 442void
 443configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 444	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 445
 446	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 447		sw = ev->width;
 448		sh = ev->height;
 449		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 450		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 451		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 452		updatebarpos();
 453		arrange();
 454	}
 455}
 456
 457void
 458configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 459	Client *c;
 460	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 461	XWindowChanges wc;
 462
 463	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 464		c->ismax = False;
 465		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 466			c->border = ev->border_width;
 467		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || (floating == layout->arrange)) {
 468			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 469				c->x = ev->x;
 470			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 471				c->y = ev->y;
 472			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 473				c->w = ev->width;
 474			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 475				c->h = ev->height;
 476			if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 477				c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
 478			if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 479				c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
 480			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
 481			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
 482				configure(c);
 483			if(isvisible(c))
 484				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 485		}
 486		else
 487			configure(c);
 488	}
 489	else {
 490		wc.x = ev->x;
 491		wc.y = ev->y;
 492		wc.width = ev->width;
 493		wc.height = ev->height;
 494		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 495		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 496		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 497		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 498	}
 499	XSync(dpy, False);
 500}
 501
 502void
 503destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 504	Client *c;
 505	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 506
 507	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 508		unmanage(c);
 509}
 510
 511void
 512detach(Client *c) {
 513	if(c->prev)
 514		c->prev->next = c->next;
 515	if(c->next)
 516		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 517	if(c == clients)
 518		clients = c->next;
 519	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 520}
 521
 522void
 523detachstack(Client *c) {
 524	Client **tc;
 525
 526	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 527	*tc = c->snext;
 528}
 529
 530void
 531drawbar(void) {
 532	int i, x;
 533
 534	dc.x = dc.y = 0;
 535	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 536		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 537		if(seltags[i]) {
 538			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
 539			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
 540		}
 541		else {
 542			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
 543			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
 544		}
 545		dc.x += dc.w;
 546	}
 547	dc.w = blw;
 548	drawtext(layout->symbol, dc.norm);
 549	x = dc.x + dc.w;
 550	dc.w = textw(stext);
 551	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 552	if(dc.x < x) {
 553		dc.x = x;
 554		dc.w = sw - x;
 555	}
 556	drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
 557	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 558		dc.x = x;
 559		if(sel) {
 560			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
 561			drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
 562		}
 563		else
 564			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
 565	}
 566	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 567	XSync(dpy, False);
 568}
 569
 570void
 571drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 572	int x;
 573	XGCValues gcv;
 574	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 575
 576	gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
 577	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 578	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 579	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 580	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 581	if(filled) {
 582		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 583		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 584	}
 585	else if(empty) {
 586		r.width = r.height = x;
 587		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 588	}
 589}
 590
 591void
 592drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 593	int x, y, w, h;
 594	static char buf[256];
 595	unsigned int len, olen;
 596	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 597
 598	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
 599	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 600	if(!text)
 601		return;
 602	w = 0;
 603	olen = len = strlen(text);
 604	if(len >= sizeof buf)
 605		len = sizeof buf - 1;
 606	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 607	buf[len] = 0;
 608	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 609	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 610	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 611	/* shorten text if necessary */
 612	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 613		buf[--len] = 0;
 614	if(len < olen) {
 615		if(len > 1)
 616			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 617		if(len > 2)
 618			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 619		if(len > 3)
 620			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 621	}
 622	if(w > dc.w)
 623		return; /* too long */
 624	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
 625	if(dc.font.set)
 626		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 627	else
 628		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 629}
 630
 631void *
 632emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 633	void *res = calloc(1, size);
 634
 635	if(!res)
 636		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 637	return res;
 638}
 639
 640void
 641enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 642	Client *c;
 643	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 644
 645	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
 646		return;
 647	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 648		focus(c);
 649	else if(ev->window == root) {
 650		selscreen = True;
 651		focus(NULL);
 652	}
 653}
 654
 655void
 656eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 657	va_list ap;
 658
 659	va_start(ap, errstr);
 660	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 661	va_end(ap);
 662	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 663}
 664
 665void
 666expose(XEvent *e) {
 667	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 668
 669	if(ev->count == 0) {
 670		if(ev->window == barwin)
 671			drawbar();
 672	}
 673}
 674
 675void
 676floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 677	Client *c;
 678
 679	domwfact = dozoom = False;
 680	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 681		if(isvisible(c))
 682			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 683}
 684
 685void
 686focus(Client *c) {
 687	if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 688		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 689	if(sel && sel != c) {
 690		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 691		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 692	}
 693	if(c) {
 694		detachstack(c);
 695		attachstack(c);
 696		grabbuttons(c, True);
 697	}
 698	sel = c;
 699	drawbar();
 700	if(!selscreen)
 701		return;
 702	if(c) {
 703		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 704		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 705	}
 706	else
 707		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 708}
 709
 710void
 711focusnext(const char *arg) {
 712	Client *c;
 713
 714	if(!sel)
 715		return;
 716	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 717	if(!c)
 718		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 719	if(c) {
 720		focus(c);
 721		restack();
 722	}
 723}
 724
 725void
 726focusprev(const char *arg) {
 727	Client *c;
 728
 729	if(!sel)
 730		return;
 731	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 732	if(!c) {
 733		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 734		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 735	}
 736	if(c) {
 737		focus(c);
 738		restack();
 739	}
 740}
 741
 742Client *
 743getclient(Window w) {
 744	Client *c;
 745
 746	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 747	return c;
 748}
 749
 750unsigned long
 751getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 752	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 753	XColor color;
 754
 755	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 756		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 757	return color.pixel;
 758}
 759
 760long
 761getstate(Window w) {
 762	int format, status;
 763	long result = -1;
 764	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 765	unsigned long n, extra;
 766	Atom real;
 767
 768	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 769			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 770	if(status != Success)
 771		return -1;
 772	if(n != 0)
 773		result = *p;
 774	XFree(p);
 775	return result;
 776}
 777
 778Bool
 779gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 780	char **list = NULL;
 781	int n;
 782	XTextProperty name;
 783
 784	if(!text || size == 0)
 785		return False;
 786	text[0] = '\0';
 787	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 788	if(!name.nitems)
 789		return False;
 790	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 791		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 792	else {
 793		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 794		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 795			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 796			XFreeStringList(list);
 797		}
 798	}
 799	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 800	XFree(name.value);
 801	return True;
 802}
 803
 804void
 805grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 806	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 807
 808	if(focused) {
 809		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 810				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 811		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 812				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817
 818		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 819				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 820		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 821				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 822		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826
 827		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 828				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 829		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 830				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 831		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 832				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 833		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 834				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 835	}
 836	else
 837		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 838				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 839}
 840
 841unsigned int
 842idxoftag(const char *tag) {
 843	unsigned int i;
 844
 845	for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != tag); i++);
 846	return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 847}
 848
 849void
 850initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 851	char *def, **missing;
 852	int i, n;
 853
 854	missing = NULL;
 855	if(dc.font.set)
 856		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 857	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 858	if(missing) {
 859		while(n--)
 860			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 861		XFreeStringList(missing);
 862	}
 863	if(dc.font.set) {
 864		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 865		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 866		char **font_names;
 867		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 868		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 869		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 870		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 871			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 872				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 873			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 874				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 875			xfonts++;
 876		}
 877	}
 878	else {
 879		if(dc.font.xfont)
 880			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 881		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 882		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 883		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 884			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 885		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 886		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 887	}
 888	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 889}
 890
 891Bool
 892isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 893	Client *c;
 894
 895	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 896		if(c->tags[t])
 897			return True;
 898	return False;
 899}
 900
 901Bool
 902isprotodel(Client *c) {
 903	int i, n;
 904	Atom *protocols;
 905	Bool ret = False;
 906
 907	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 908		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 909			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 910				ret = True;
 911		XFree(protocols);
 912	}
 913	return ret;
 914}
 915
 916Bool
 917isvisible(Client *c) {
 918	unsigned int i;
 919
 920	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 921		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 922			return True;
 923	return False;
 924}
 925
 926void
 927keypress(XEvent *e) {
 928	KEYS
 929	unsigned int i;
 930	KeyCode code;
 931	KeySym keysym;
 932	XKeyEvent *ev;
 933
 934	if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
 935		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 936		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 937			code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 938			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 939					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 940			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
 941					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 942			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
 943					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 944			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
 945					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 946		}
 947		return;
 948	}
 949	ev = &e->xkey;
 950	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 951	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 952		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 953		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 954		{
 955			if(keys[i].func)
 956				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 957		}
 958}
 959
 960void
 961killclient(const char *arg) {
 962	XEvent ev;
 963
 964	if(!sel)
 965		return;
 966	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 967		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 968		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 969		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 970		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 971		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 972		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 973		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 974	}
 975	else
 976		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 977}
 978
 979void
 980leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
 981	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 982
 983	if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
 984		selscreen = False;
 985		focus(NULL);
 986	}
 987}
 988
 989void
 990manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 991	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 992	Window trans;
 993	Status rettrans;
 994	XWindowChanges wc;
 995
 996	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 997	c->tags = emallocz(sizeof seltags);
 998	c->win = w;
 999	c->x = wa->x;
1000	c->y = wa->y;
1001	c->w = wa->width;
1002	c->h = wa->height;
1003	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1004	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1005		c->x = sx;
1006		c->y = sy;
1007		c->border = wa->border_width;
1008	}
1009	else {
1010		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1011			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1012		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1013			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1014		if(c->x < wax)
1015			c->x = wax;
1016		if(c->y < way)
1017			c->y = way;
1018		c->border = BORDERPX;
1019	}
1020	wc.border_width = c->border;
1021	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1022	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1023	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1024	updatesizehints(c);
1025	XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1026		StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1027	grabbuttons(c, False);
1028	updatetitle(c);
1029	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1030		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1031	if(t)
1032		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof seltags);
1033	applyrules(c);
1034	if(!c->isfloating)
1035		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1036	attach(c);
1037	attachstack(c);
1038	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1039	ban(c);
1040	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1041	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1042	arrange();
1043}
1044
1045void
1046mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1047	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1048
1049	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1050	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1051		keypress(NULL);
1052}
1053
1054void
1055maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1056	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1057	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1058
1059	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1060		return;
1061	if(wa.override_redirect)
1062		return;
1063	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1064		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1065}
1066
1067void
1068movemouse(Client *c) {
1069	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1070	unsigned int dui;
1071	Window dummy;
1072	XEvent ev;
1073
1074	ocx = nx = c->x;
1075	ocy = ny = c->y;
1076	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1077			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1078		return;
1079	c->ismax = False;
1080	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1081	for(;;) {
1082		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1083		switch (ev.type) {
1084		case ButtonRelease:
1085			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1086			return;
1087		case ConfigureRequest:
1088		case Expose:
1089		case MapRequest:
1090			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1091			break;
1092		case MotionNotify:
1093			XSync(dpy, False);
1094			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1095			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1096			if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1097				nx = wax;
1098			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1099				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1100			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1101				ny = way;
1102			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1103				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1104			resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1105			break;
1106		}
1107	}
1108}
1109
1110Client *
1111nexttiled(Client *c) {
1112	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1113	return c;
1114}
1115
1116void
1117propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1118	Client *c;
1119	Window trans;
1120	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1121
1122	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1123		return; /* ignore */
1124	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1125		switch (ev->atom) {
1126			default: break;
1127			case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1128				XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1129				if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1130					arrange();
1131				break;
1132			case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1133				updatesizehints(c);
1134				break;
1135		}
1136		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1137			updatetitle(c);
1138			if(c == sel)
1139				drawbar();
1140		}
1141	}
1142}
1143
1144void
1145quit(const char *arg) {
1146	readin = running = False;
1147}
1148
1149
1150void
1151resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1152	XWindowChanges wc;
1153
1154	if(sizehints) {
1155		/* set minimum possible */
1156		if (w < 1)
1157			w = 1;
1158		if (h < 1)
1159			h = 1;
1160
1161		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1162		w -= c->basew;
1163		h -= c->baseh;
1164
1165		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1166		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1167			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1168				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1169			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1170				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1171		}
1172
1173		/* adjust for increment value */
1174		if(c->incw)
1175			w -= w % c->incw;
1176		if(c->inch)
1177			h -= h % c->inch;
1178
1179		/* restore base dimensions */
1180		w += c->basew;
1181		h += c->baseh;
1182
1183		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1184			w = c->minw;
1185		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1186			h = c->minh;
1187		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1188			w = c->maxw;
1189		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1190			h = c->maxh;
1191	}
1192	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1193		return;
1194	/* offscreen appearance fixes */
1195	if(x > sw)
1196		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1197	if(y > sh)
1198		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1199	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1200		x = sx;
1201	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1202		y = sy;
1203	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1204		c->x = wc.x = x;
1205		c->y = wc.y = y;
1206		c->w = wc.width = w;
1207		c->h = wc.height = h;
1208		wc.border_width = c->border;
1209		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1210		configure(c);
1211		XSync(dpy, False);
1212	}
1213}
1214
1215void
1216resizemouse(Client *c) {
1217	int ocx, ocy;
1218	int nw, nh;
1219	XEvent ev;
1220
1221	ocx = c->x;
1222	ocy = c->y;
1223	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1224			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1225		return;
1226	c->ismax = False;
1227	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1228	for(;;) {
1229		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1230		switch(ev.type) {
1231		case ButtonRelease:
1232			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1233					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1234			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1235			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1236			return;
1237		case ConfigureRequest:
1238		case Expose:
1239		case MapRequest:
1240			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1241			break;
1242		case MotionNotify:
1243			XSync(dpy, False);
1244			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1245				nw = 1;
1246			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1247				nh = 1;
1248			resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1249			break;
1250		}
1251	}
1252}
1253
1254void
1255restack(void) {
1256	Client *c;
1257	XEvent ev;
1258	XWindowChanges wc;
1259
1260	drawbar();
1261	if(!sel)
1262		return;
1263	if(sel->isfloating || (layout->arrange == floating))
1264		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1265	if(layout->arrange != floating) {
1266		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1267		wc.sibling = barwin;
1268		if(!sel->isfloating) {
1269			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1270			wc.sibling = sel->win;
1271		}
1272		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1273			if(c == sel)
1274				continue;
1275			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1276			wc.sibling = c->win;
1277		}
1278	}
1279	XSync(dpy, False);
1280	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1281}
1282
1283void
1284run(void) {
1285	char *p;
1286	fd_set rd;
1287	int r, xfd;
1288	unsigned int len, offset;
1289	XEvent ev;
1290
1291	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1292	XSync(dpy, False);
1293	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1294	readin = True;
1295	offset = 0;
1296	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1297	stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1298	while(running) {
1299		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1300		if(readin)
1301			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1302		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1303		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1304			if(errno == EINTR)
1305				continue;
1306			eprint("select failed\n");
1307		}
1308		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1309			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext + offset, len - offset))) {
1310			case -1:
1311				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1312				readin = False;
1313				break;
1314			case 0:
1315				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1316				readin = False;
1317				break;
1318			default:
1319				stext[offset + r] = '\0';
1320				for(p = stext; *p && *p != '\n'; p++);
1321				if(*p == '\n') {
1322					*p = '\0';
1323					offset = 0;
1324				}
1325				else
1326					offset = (offset + r < len - 1) ? offset + r : 0;
1327			}
1328			drawbar();
1329		}
1330		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1331			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1332			if(handler[ev.type])
1333				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1334		}
1335	}
1336}
1337
1338void
1339scan(void) {
1340	unsigned int i, num;
1341	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1342	XWindowAttributes wa;
1343
1344	wins = NULL;
1345	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1346		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1347			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1348			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1349				continue;
1350			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1351				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1352		}
1353		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1354			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1355				continue;
1356			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1357			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1358				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1359		}
1360	}
1361	if(wins)
1362		XFree(wins);
1363}
1364
1365void
1366setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1367	long data[] = {state, None};
1368
1369	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1370			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1371}
1372
1373void
1374setlayout(const char *arg) {
1375	unsigned int i;
1376
1377	if(!arg) {
1378		if(++layout == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1379			layout = &layouts[0];
1380	}
1381	else {
1382		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1383			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1384				break;
1385		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1386			return;
1387		layout = &layouts[i];
1388	}
1389	if(sel)
1390		arrange();
1391	else
1392		drawbar();
1393}
1394
1395void
1396setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1397	double delta;
1398
1399	if(!domwfact)
1400		return;
1401	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1402	if(arg == NULL)
1403		mwfact = MWFACT;
1404	else if(sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta) == 1) {
1405		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1406			mwfact += delta;
1407		else
1408			mwfact = delta;
1409		if(mwfact < 0.1)
1410			mwfact = 0.1;
1411		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1412			mwfact = 0.9;
1413	}
1414	arrange();
1415}
1416
1417void
1418setup(void) {
1419	int d;
1420	unsigned int i, j, mask;
1421	Window w;
1422	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1423	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1424
1425	/* init atoms */
1426	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1427	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1428	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1429	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1430	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1431	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1432	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1433			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1434
1435	/* init cursors */
1436	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1437	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1438	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1439
1440	/* init geometry */
1441	sx = sy = 0;
1442	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1443	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1444
1445	/* init modifier map */
1446	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1447	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1448		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1449			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1450			== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1451				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1452		}
1453	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1454
1455	/* select for events */
1456	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1457		| EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1458	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1459	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1460	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1461
1462	/* grab keys */
1463	keypress(NULL);
1464
1465	/* init tags */
1466	compileregs();
1467
1468	/* init appearance */
1469	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1470	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1471	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1472	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1473	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1474	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1475	initfont(FONT);
1476	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1477
1478	/* init layouts */
1479	mwfact = MWFACT;
1480	layout = &layouts[0];
1481	for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1482		j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1483		if(j > blw)
1484			blw = j;
1485	}
1486
1487	/* init bar */
1488	bpos = BARPOS;
1489	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1490	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1491	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1492	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1493			DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1494			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1495	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1496	updatebarpos();
1497	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1498	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1499	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1500	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1501	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1502	if(!dc.font.set)
1503		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1504
1505	/* multihead support */
1506	selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1507}
1508
1509void
1510spawn(const char *arg) {
1511	static char *shell = NULL;
1512
1513	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1514		shell = "/bin/sh";
1515	if(!arg)
1516		return;
1517	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1518	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1519	if(fork() == 0) {
1520		if(fork() == 0) {
1521			if(dpy)
1522				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1523			setsid();
1524			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1525			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1526			perror(" failed");
1527		}
1528		exit(0);
1529	}
1530	wait(0);
1531}
1532
1533void
1534tag(const char *arg) {
1535	unsigned int i;
1536
1537	if(!sel)
1538		return;
1539	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1540		sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1541	sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1542	arrange();
1543}
1544
1545unsigned int
1546textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1547	XRectangle r;
1548
1549	if(dc.font.set) {
1550		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1551		return r.width;
1552	}
1553	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1554}
1555
1556unsigned int
1557textw(const char *text) {
1558	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1559}
1560
1561void
1562tile(void) {
1563	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1564	Client *c, *mc;
1565
1566	domwfact = dozoom = True;
1567	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1568		n++;
1569
1570	/* window geoms */
1571	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1572	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1573	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1574		th = wah;
1575
1576	nx = wax;
1577	ny = way;
1578	nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1579	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1580		c->ismax = False;
1581		if(i == 0) { /* master */
1582			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1583			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1584		}
1585		else {  /* tile window */
1586			if(i == 1) {
1587				ny = way;
1588				nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1589				nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1590			}
1591			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1592				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1593			else
1594				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1595		}
1596		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1597		if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw)))
1598			/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1599			resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1600		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1601			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1602	}
1603}
1604
1605void
1606togglebar(const char *arg) {
1607	if(bpos == BarOff)
1608		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1609	else
1610		bpos = BarOff;
1611	updatebarpos();
1612	arrange();
1613}
1614
1615void
1616togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1617	if(!sel)
1618		return;
1619	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1620	if(sel->isfloating)
1621		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1622	arrange();
1623}
1624
1625void
1626togglemax(const char *arg) {
1627	XEvent ev;
1628
1629	if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1630		return;
1631	if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1632		if((layout->arrange == floating) || sel->isfloating)
1633			sel->wasfloating = True;
1634		else {
1635			togglefloating(NULL);
1636			sel->wasfloating = False;
1637		}
1638		sel->rx = sel->x;
1639		sel->ry = sel->y;
1640		sel->rw = sel->w;
1641		sel->rh = sel->h;
1642		resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1643	}
1644	else {
1645		resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1646		if(!sel->wasfloating)
1647			togglefloating(NULL);
1648	}
1649	drawbar();
1650	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1651}
1652
1653void
1654toggletag(const char *arg) {
1655	unsigned int i, j;
1656
1657	if(!sel)
1658		return;
1659	i = idxoftag(arg);
1660	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1661	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1662	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1663		sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1664	arrange();
1665}
1666
1667void
1668toggleview(const char *arg) {
1669	unsigned int i, j;
1670
1671	i = idxoftag(arg);
1672	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1673	for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1674	if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1675		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1676	arrange();
1677}
1678
1679void
1680unban(Client *c) {
1681	if(!c->isbanned)
1682		return;
1683	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1684	c->isbanned = False;
1685}
1686
1687void
1688unmanage(Client *c) {
1689	XWindowChanges wc;
1690
1691	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1692	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1693	XGrabServer(dpy);
1694	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1695	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1696	detach(c);
1697	detachstack(c);
1698	if(sel == c)
1699		focus(NULL);
1700	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1701	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1702	free(c->tags);
1703	free(c);
1704	XSync(dpy, False);
1705	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1706	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1707	arrange();
1708}
1709
1710void
1711unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1712	Client *c;
1713	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1714
1715	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1716		unmanage(c);
1717}
1718
1719void
1720updatebarpos(void) {
1721	XEvent ev;
1722
1723	wax = sx;
1724	way = sy;
1725	wah = sh;
1726	waw = sw;
1727	switch(bpos) {
1728	default:
1729		wah -= bh;
1730		way += bh;
1731		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1732		break;
1733	case BarBot:
1734		wah -= bh;
1735		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1736		break;
1737	case BarOff:
1738		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1739		break;
1740	}
1741	XSync(dpy, False);
1742	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1743}
1744
1745void
1746updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1747	long msize;
1748	XSizeHints size;
1749
1750	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1751		size.flags = PSize;
1752	c->flags = size.flags;
1753	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1754		c->basew = size.base_width;
1755		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1756	}
1757	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1758		c->basew = size.min_width;
1759		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1760	}
1761	else
1762		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1763	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1764		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1765		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1766	}
1767	else
1768		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1769	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1770		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1771		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1772	}
1773	else
1774		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1775	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1776		c->minw = size.min_width;
1777		c->minh = size.min_height;
1778	}
1779	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1780		c->minw = size.base_width;
1781		c->minh = size.base_height;
1782	}
1783	else
1784		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1785	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1786		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1787		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1788		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1789		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1790	}
1791	else
1792		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1793	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1794			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1795}
1796
1797void
1798updatetitle(Client *c) {
1799	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1800		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1801}
1802
1803/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1804 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1805 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1806int
1807xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1808	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1809	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1810	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1811	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1812	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1813	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1814	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1815	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1816		return 0;
1817	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1818		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1819	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1820}
1821
1822int
1823xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1824	return 0;
1825}
1826
1827/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1828 * is already running. */
1829int
1830xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1831	otherwm = True;
1832	return -1;
1833}
1834
1835void
1836view(const char *arg) {
1837	unsigned int i;
1838
1839	memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1840	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1841		seltags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1842	seltags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1843	arrange();
1844}
1845
1846void
1847viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1848	static Bool tmptags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]];
1849
1850	memcpy(tmptags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1851	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof seltags);
1852	memcpy(prevtags, tmptags, sizeof seltags);
1853	arrange();
1854}
1855
1856void
1857zoom(const char *arg) {
1858	Client *c;
1859
1860	if(!sel || !dozoom || sel->isfloating)
1861		return;
1862	if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1863		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1864			return;
1865	detach(c);
1866	attach(c);
1867	focus(c);
1868	arrange();
1869}
1870
1871int
1872main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1873	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1874		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 Anselm R. Garbe, Sander van Dijk, "
1875		       "Jukka Salmi, Premysl Hruby, Szabolcs Nagy\n");
1876	else if(argc != 1)
1877		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1878
1879	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1880	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1881		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1882	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1883	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1884
1885	checkotherwm();
1886	setup();
1887	drawbar();
1888	scan();
1889	run();
1890	cleanup();
1891
1892	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1893	return 0;
1894}