1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  10 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  11 * in O(1) time.
  12 *
  13 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  14 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  15 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  16 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  17 * client.
  18 *
  19 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  20 *
  21 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  22 */
  23#include <errno.h>
  24#include <locale.h>
  25#include <stdarg.h>
  26#include <stdio.h>
  27#include <stdlib.h>
  28#include <string.h>
  29#include <unistd.h>
  30#include <sys/types.h>
  31#include <sys/wait.h>
  32#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  33#include <X11/keysym.h>
  34#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  35#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  36#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  37#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  38#ifdef XINERAMA
  39#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  40#endif
  41
  42/* macros */
  43#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  44#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  45#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  46#define ISVISIBLE(x)            (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  47#define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  48#define MAX(a, b)               ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define MIN(a, b)               ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  50#define MAXTAGLEN               16
  51#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  52#define WIDTH(x)                ((x)->w + 2 * (x)->bw)
  53#define HEIGHT(x)               ((x)->h + 2 * (x)->bw)
  54#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55#define TEXTW(x)                (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56
  57/* enums */
  58enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  59enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  60enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  61enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  62enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  63       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  64
  65typedef union {
  66	int i;
  67	unsigned int ui;
  68	float f;
  69	void *v;
  70} Arg;
  71
  72typedef struct {
  73	unsigned int click;
  74	unsigned int mask;
  75	unsigned int button;
  76	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  77	const Arg arg;
  78} Button;
  79
  80typedef struct Client Client;
  81struct Client {
  82	char name[256];
  83	float mina, maxa;
  84	int x, y, w, h;
  85	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  86	int bw, oldbw;
  87	unsigned int tags;
  88	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  89	Client *next;
  90	Client *snext;
  91	Window win;
  92};
  93
  94typedef struct {
  95	int x, y, w, h;
  96	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  97	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  98	Drawable drawable;
  99	GC gc;
 100	struct {
 101		int ascent;
 102		int descent;
 103		int height;
 104		XFontSet set;
 105		XFontStruct *xfont;
 106	} font;
 107} DC; /* draw context */
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	unsigned int mod;
 111	KeySym keysym;
 112	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 113	const Arg arg;
 114} Key;
 115
 116typedef struct {
 117	const char *symbol;
 118	void (*arrange)(void);
 119} Layout;
 120
 121typedef struct {
 122	const char *class;
 123	const char *instance;
 124	const char *title;
 125	unsigned int tags;
 126	Bool isfloating;
 127} Rule;
 128
 129/* function declarations */
 130static void applyrules(Client *c);
 131static void arrange(void);
 132static void attach(Client *c);
 133static void attachstack(Client *c);
 134static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 135static void checkotherwm(void);
 136static void cleanup(void);
 137static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 138static void configure(Client *c);
 139static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 140static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 141static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 142static void detach(Client *c);
 143static void detachstack(Client *c);
 144static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 145static void drawbar(void);
 146static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 147static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 148static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 149static void expose(XEvent *e);
 150static void focus(Client *c);
 151static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 152static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 153static Client *getclient(Window w);
 154static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 155static long getstate(Window w);
 156static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 157static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 158static void grabkeys(void);
 159static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 160static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 161static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 162static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 163static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 164static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 165static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 166static void monocle(void);
 167static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 168static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 169static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 170static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 171static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 172static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 173static void restack(void);
 174static void run(void);
 175static void scan(void);
 176static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 177static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 178static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 179static void setup(void);
 180static void showhide(Client *c);
 181static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 182static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 183static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 184static void tile(void);
 185static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 186static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 187static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 188static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 189static void unmanage(Client *c);
 190static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 191static void updatebar(void);
 192static void updategeom(void);
 193static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 194static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 195static void updatestatus(void);
 196static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 197static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 198static void view(const Arg *arg);
 199static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 200static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 201static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 202static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 203
 204/* variables */
 205static char stext[256];
 206static int screen;
 207static int sx, sy, sw, sh; /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */ 
 208static int by, bh, blw;    /* bar geometry y, height and layout symbol width */
 209static int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area geometry x, y, width, height, bar excluded */
 210static unsigned int seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 211static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 212static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 213static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 214	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 215	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 216	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 217	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 218	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 219	[Expose] = expose,
 220	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 221	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 222	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 223	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 224	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 225	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 226};
 227static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 228static Bool otherwm;
 229static Bool running = True;
 230static Client *clients = NULL;
 231static Client *sel = NULL;
 232static Client *stack = NULL;
 233static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 234static Display *dpy;
 235static DC dc;
 236static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 237static Window root, barwin;
 238/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 239#include "config.h"
 240
 241/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 242struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 243
 244/* function implementations */
 245void
 246applyrules(Client *c) {
 247	unsigned int i;
 248	Rule *r;
 249	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 250
 251	/* rule matching */
 252	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 253		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 254			r = &rules[i];
 255			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 256			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 257			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 258				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 259				c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 260			}
 261		}
 262		if(ch.res_class)
 263			XFree(ch.res_class);
 264		if(ch.res_name)
 265			XFree(ch.res_name);
 266	}
 267	if(!c->tags)
 268		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 269}
 270
 271void
 272arrange(void) {
 273	showhide(stack);
 274	focus(NULL);
 275	if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 276		lt[sellt]->arrange();
 277	restack();
 278}
 279
 280void
 281attach(Client *c) {
 282	c->next = clients;
 283	clients = c;
 284}
 285
 286void
 287attachstack(Client *c) {
 288	c->snext = stack;
 289	stack = c;
 290}
 291
 292void
 293buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 294	unsigned int i, x, click;
 295	Arg arg = {0};
 296	Client *c;
 297	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 298
 299	click = ClkRootWin;
 300	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 301		i = x = 0;
 302		do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 303		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 304			click = ClkTagBar;
 305			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 306		}
 307		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 308			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 309		else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 310			click = ClkStatusText;
 311		else
 312			click = ClkWinTitle;
 313	}
 314	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 315		focus(c);
 316		click = ClkClientWin;
 317	}
 318
 319	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 320		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 321		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 322			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 323}
 324
 325void
 326checkotherwm(void) {
 327	otherwm = False;
 328	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 329
 330	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 331	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 332	XSync(dpy, False);
 333	if(otherwm)
 334		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 335	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 336	XSync(dpy, False);
 337}
 338
 339void
 340cleanup(void) {
 341	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 342	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 343
 344	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 345	view(&a);
 346	lt[sellt] = &foo;
 347	while(stack)
 348		unmanage(stack);
 349	if(dc.font.set)
 350		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 351	else
 352		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 353	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 354	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 355	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 356	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 357	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 358	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 359	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 360	XSync(dpy, False);
 361	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 362}
 363
 364void
 365clearurgent(Client *c) {
 366	XWMHints *wmh;
 367
 368	c->isurgent = False;
 369	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 370		return;
 371	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 372	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 373	XFree(wmh);
 374}
 375
 376void
 377configure(Client *c) {
 378	XConfigureEvent ce;
 379
 380	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 381	ce.display = dpy;
 382	ce.event = c->win;
 383	ce.window = c->win;
 384	ce.x = c->x;
 385	ce.y = c->y;
 386	ce.width = c->w;
 387	ce.height = c->h;
 388	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 389	ce.above = None;
 390	ce.override_redirect = False;
 391	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 392}
 393
 394void
 395configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 396	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 397
 398	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 399		sw = ev->width;
 400		sh = ev->height;
 401		updategeom();
 402		updatebar();
 403		arrange();
 404	}
 405}
 406
 407void
 408configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 409	Client *c;
 410	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 411	XWindowChanges wc;
 412
 413	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 414		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 415			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 416		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 417			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 418				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 419			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 420				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 421			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 422				c->w = ev->width;
 423			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 424				c->h = ev->height;
 425			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 426				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 427			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 428				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 429			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 430				configure(c);
 431			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 432				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 433		}
 434		else
 435			configure(c);
 436	}
 437	else {
 438		wc.x = ev->x;
 439		wc.y = ev->y;
 440		wc.width = ev->width;
 441		wc.height = ev->height;
 442		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 443		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 444		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 445		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 446	}
 447	XSync(dpy, False);
 448}
 449
 450void
 451destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 452	Client *c;
 453	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 454
 455	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 456		unmanage(c);
 457}
 458
 459void
 460detach(Client *c) {
 461	Client **tc;
 462
 463	for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 464	*tc = c->next;
 465}
 466
 467void
 468detachstack(Client *c) {
 469	Client **tc;
 470
 471	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 472	*tc = c->snext;
 473}
 474
 475void
 476die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 477	va_list ap;
 478
 479	va_start(ap, errstr);
 480	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 481	va_end(ap);
 482	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 483}
 484
 485void
 486drawbar(void) {
 487	int x;
 488	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 489	unsigned long *col;
 490	Client *c;
 491
 492	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
 493		occ |= c->tags;
 494		if(c->isurgent)
 495			urg |= c->tags;
 496	}
 497
 498	dc.x = 0;
 499	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 500		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 501		col = tagset[seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 502		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 503		drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 504		dc.x += dc.w;
 505	}
 506	if(blw > 0) {
 507		dc.w = blw;
 508		drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 509		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 510	}
 511	else
 512		x = dc.x;
 513	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 514	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 515	if(dc.x < x) {
 516		dc.x = x;
 517		dc.w = ww - x;
 518	}
 519	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 520	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 521		dc.x = x;
 522		if(sel) {
 523			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 524			drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 525		}
 526		else
 527			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 528	}
 529	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 530	XSync(dpy, False);
 531}
 532
 533void
 534drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 535	int x;
 536	XGCValues gcv;
 537	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 538
 539	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 540	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 541	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 542	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 543	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 544	if(filled) {
 545		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 546		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 547	}
 548	else if(empty) {
 549		r.width = r.height = x;
 550		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 551	}
 552}
 553
 554void
 555drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 556	char buf[256];
 557	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 558	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 559
 560	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 561	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 562	if(!text)
 563		return;
 564	olen = strlen(text);
 565	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 566	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 567	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 568	/* shorten text if necessary */
 569	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 570	if(!len)
 571		return;
 572	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 573	if(len < olen)
 574		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 575	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 576	if(dc.font.set)
 577		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 578	else
 579		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 580}
 581
 582void
 583enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 584	Client *c;
 585	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 586
 587	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 588		return;
 589	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 590		focus(c);
 591	else
 592		focus(NULL);
 593}
 594
 595void
 596expose(XEvent *e) {
 597	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 598
 599	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 600		drawbar();
 601}
 602
 603void
 604focus(Client *c) {
 605	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 606		for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 607	if(sel && sel != c) {
 608		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 609		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 610	}
 611	if(c) {
 612		if(c->isurgent)
 613			clearurgent(c);
 614		detachstack(c);
 615		attachstack(c);
 616		grabbuttons(c, True);
 617		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 618		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 619	}
 620	else
 621		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 622	sel = c;
 623	drawbar();
 624}
 625
 626void
 627focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 628	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 629
 630	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 631		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 632}
 633
 634void
 635focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 636	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 637
 638	if(!sel)
 639		return;
 640	if (arg->i > 0) {
 641		for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 642		if(!c)
 643			for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 644	}
 645	else {
 646		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 647			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 648				c = i;
 649		if(!c)
 650			for(; i; i = i->next)
 651				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 652					c = i;
 653	}
 654	if(c) {
 655		focus(c);
 656		restack();
 657	}
 658}
 659
 660Client *
 661getclient(Window w) {
 662	Client *c;
 663
 664	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 665	return c;
 666}
 667
 668unsigned long
 669getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 670	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 671	XColor color;
 672
 673	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 674		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 675	return color.pixel;
 676}
 677
 678long
 679getstate(Window w) {
 680	int format, status;
 681	long result = -1;
 682	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 683	unsigned long n, extra;
 684	Atom real;
 685
 686	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 687			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 688	if(status != Success)
 689		return -1;
 690	if(n != 0)
 691		result = *p;
 692	XFree(p);
 693	return result;
 694}
 695
 696Bool
 697gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 698	char **list = NULL;
 699	int n;
 700	XTextProperty name;
 701
 702	if(!text || size == 0)
 703		return False;
 704	text[0] = '\0';
 705	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 706	if(!name.nitems)
 707		return False;
 708	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 709		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 710	else {
 711		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 712		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 713			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 714			XFreeStringList(list);
 715		}
 716	}
 717	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 718	XFree(name.value);
 719	return True;
 720}
 721
 722void
 723grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 724	updatenumlockmask();
 725	{
 726		unsigned int i, j;
 727		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 728		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 729		if(focused) {
 730			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 731				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 732					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 733						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 734		} else
 735			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 736			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 737	}
 738}
 739
 740void
 741grabkeys(void) {
 742	updatenumlockmask();
 743	{ /* grab keys */
 744		unsigned int i, j;
 745		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 746		KeyCode code;
 747
 748		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 749		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 750			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 751				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 752					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 753						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 754		}
 755	}
 756}
 757
 758void
 759initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 760	char *def, **missing;
 761	int i, n;
 762
 763	missing = NULL;
 764	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 765	if(missing) {
 766		while(n--)
 767			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 768		XFreeStringList(missing);
 769	}
 770	if(dc.font.set) {
 771		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 772		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 773		char **font_names;
 774		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 775		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 776		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 777		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 778			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 779			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 780			xfonts++;
 781		}
 782	}
 783	else {
 784		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 785		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 786			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 787		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 788		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 789	}
 790	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 791}
 792
 793Bool
 794isprotodel(Client *c) {
 795	int i, n;
 796	Atom *protocols;
 797	Bool ret = False;
 798
 799	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 800		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 801			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 802				ret = True;
 803		XFree(protocols);
 804	}
 805	return ret;
 806}
 807
 808void
 809keypress(XEvent *e) {
 810	unsigned int i;
 811	KeySym keysym;
 812	XKeyEvent *ev;
 813
 814	ev = &e->xkey;
 815	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 816	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 817		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 818		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 819		   && keys[i].func)
 820			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 821}
 822
 823void
 824killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 825	XEvent ev;
 826
 827	if(!sel)
 828		return;
 829	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 830		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 831		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 832		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 833		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 834		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 835		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 836		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 837	}
 838	else
 839		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 840}
 841
 842void
 843manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 844	static Client cz;
 845	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 846	Window trans = None;
 847	XWindowChanges wc;
 848
 849	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
 850		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 851	*c = cz;
 852	c->win = w;
 853
 854	/* geometry */
 855	c->x = wa->x;
 856	c->y = wa->y;
 857	c->w = wa->width;
 858	c->h = wa->height;
 859	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 860	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 861		c->x = sx;
 862		c->y = sy;
 863		c->bw = 0;
 864	}
 865	else {
 866		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
 867			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
 868		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
 869			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
 870		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 871		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 872		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 873		c->bw = borderpx;
 874	}
 875
 876	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 877	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 878	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 879	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 880	updatesizehints(c);
 881	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 882	grabbuttons(c, False);
 883	updatetitle(c);
 884	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
 885		t = getclient(trans);
 886	if(t)
 887		c->tags = t->tags;
 888	else
 889		applyrules(c);
 890	if(!c->isfloating)
 891		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
 892	if(c->isfloating)
 893		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 894	attach(c);
 895	attachstack(c);
 896	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 897	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 898	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 899	arrange();
 900}
 901
 902void
 903mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 904	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 905
 906	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 907	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 908		grabkeys();
 909}
 910
 911void
 912maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 913	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 914	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 915
 916	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 917		return;
 918	if(wa.override_redirect)
 919		return;
 920	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 921		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 922}
 923
 924void
 925monocle(void) {
 926	Client *c;
 927
 928	for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 929		resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 930}
 931
 932void
 933movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 934	int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 935	unsigned int dui;
 936	Client *c;
 937	Window dummy;
 938	XEvent ev;
 939
 940	if(!(c = sel))
 941		return;
 942	restack();
 943	ocx = c->x;
 944	ocy = c->y;
 945	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 946	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 947		return;
 948	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
 949	if(usegrab)
 950		XGrabServer(dpy);
 951	do {
 952		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 953		switch (ev.type) {
 954		case ConfigureRequest:
 955		case Expose:
 956		case MapRequest:
 957			handler[ev.type](&ev);
 958			break;
 959		case MotionNotify:
 960			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
 961			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
 962			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
 963			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
 964				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
 965					nx = wx;
 966				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
 967					nx = wx + ww - WIDTH(c);
 968				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
 969					ny = wy;
 970				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
 971					ny = wy + wh - HEIGHT(c);
 972				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
 973					togglefloating(NULL);
 974			}
 975			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 976				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
 977			break;
 978		}
 979	}
 980	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
 981	if(usegrab)
 982		XUngrabServer(dpy);
 983	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 984}
 985
 986Client *
 987nexttiled(Client *c) {
 988	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
 989	return c;
 990}
 991
 992void
 993propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
 994	Client *c;
 995	Window trans;
 996	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
 997
 998	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom = XA_WM_NAME))
 999		updatestatus();
1000	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1001		return; /* ignore */
1002	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1003		switch (ev->atom) {
1004		default: break;
1005		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1006			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1007			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1008				arrange();
1009			break;
1010		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1011			updatesizehints(c);
1012			break;
1013		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1014			updatewmhints(c);
1015			drawbar();
1016			break;
1017		}
1018		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1019			updatetitle(c);
1020			if(c == sel)
1021				drawbar();
1022		}
1023	}
1024}
1025
1026void
1027quit(const Arg *arg) {
1028	running = False;
1029}
1030
1031void
1032resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1033	XWindowChanges wc;
1034
1035	if(sizehints) {
1036		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
1037		Bool baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
1038
1039		/* set minimum possible */
1040		w = MAX(1, w);
1041		h = MAX(1, h);
1042
1043		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1044			w -= c->basew;
1045			h -= c->baseh;
1046		}
1047
1048		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1049		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1050			if(c->maxa < (float)w / h)
1051				w = h * c->maxa;
1052			else if(c->mina < (float)h / w)
1053				h = w * c->mina;
1054		}
1055
1056		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
1057			w -= c->basew;
1058			h -= c->baseh;
1059		}
1060
1061		/* adjust for increment value */
1062		if(c->incw)
1063			w -= w % c->incw;
1064		if(c->inch)
1065			h -= h % c->inch;
1066
1067		/* restore base dimensions */
1068		w += c->basew;
1069		h += c->baseh;
1070
1071		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1072		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1073
1074		if(c->maxw)
1075			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1076
1077		if(c->maxh)
1078			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1079	}
1080	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1081		return;
1082	if(x > sx + sw)
1083		x = sw - WIDTH(c);
1084	if(y > sy + sh)
1085		y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
1086	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1087		x = sx;
1088	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1089		y = sy;
1090	if(h < bh)
1091		h = bh;
1092	if(w < bh)
1093		w = bh;
1094	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1095		c->x = wc.x = x;
1096		c->y = wc.y = y;
1097		c->w = wc.width = w;
1098		c->h = wc.height = h;
1099		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1100		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1101				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1102		configure(c);
1103		XSync(dpy, False);
1104	}
1105}
1106
1107void
1108resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1109	int ocx, ocy;
1110	int nw, nh;
1111	Client *c;
1112	XEvent ev;
1113
1114	if(!(c = sel))
1115		return;
1116	restack();
1117	ocx = c->x;
1118	ocy = c->y;
1119	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1120	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1121		return;
1122	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1123	if(usegrab)
1124		XGrabServer(dpy);
1125	do {
1126		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1127		switch(ev.type) {
1128		case ConfigureRequest:
1129		case Expose:
1130		case MapRequest:
1131			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1132			break;
1133		case MotionNotify:
1134			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1135			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2*c->bw + 1, 1);
1136
1137			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1138			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1139				if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1140				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1141					togglefloating(NULL);
1142			}
1143			if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1144				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1145			break;
1146		}
1147	}
1148	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1149	if(usegrab)
1150		XUngrabServer(dpy);
1151	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1152	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1153	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1154}
1155
1156void
1157restack(void) {
1158	Client *c;
1159	XEvent ev;
1160	XWindowChanges wc;
1161
1162	drawbar();
1163	if(!sel)
1164		return;
1165	if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1166		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1167	if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1168		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1169		wc.sibling = barwin;
1170		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1171			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1172				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1173				wc.sibling = c->win;
1174			}
1175	}
1176	XSync(dpy, False);
1177	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1178}
1179
1180void
1181run(void) {
1182	XEvent ev;
1183
1184	/* main event loop */
1185	XSync(dpy, False);
1186	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1187		if(handler[ev.type])
1188			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1189	}
1190}
1191
1192void
1193scan(void) {
1194	unsigned int i, num;
1195	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1196	XWindowAttributes wa;
1197
1198	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1199		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1200			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1201			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1202				continue;
1203			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1204				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1205		}
1206		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1207			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1208				continue;
1209			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1210			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1211				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1212		}
1213		if(wins)
1214			XFree(wins);
1215	}
1216}
1217
1218void
1219setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1220	long data[] = {state, None};
1221
1222	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1223			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1224}
1225
1226void
1227setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1228	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1229		sellt ^= 1;
1230	if(arg && arg->v)
1231		lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1232	if(sel)
1233		arrange();
1234	else
1235		drawbar();
1236}
1237
1238/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1239void
1240setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1241	float f;
1242
1243	if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1244		return;
1245	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1246	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1247		return;
1248	mfact = f;
1249	arrange();
1250}
1251
1252void
1253setup(void) {
1254	unsigned int i;
1255	int w;
1256	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1257
1258	/* init screen */
1259	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1260	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1261	initfont(font);
1262	sx = 0;
1263	sy = 0;
1264	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1265	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1266	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1267	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1268	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1269	updategeom();
1270
1271	/* init atoms */
1272	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1273	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1274	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1275	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1276	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1277
1278	/* init cursors */
1279	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1280	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1281	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1282
1283	/* init appearance */
1284	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1285	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1286	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1287	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1288	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1289	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1290	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1291	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1292	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1293	if(!dc.font.set)
1294		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1295
1296	/* init bar */
1297	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1298		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1299		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1300	}
1301
1302	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1303	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1304	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1305
1306	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1307			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1308			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1309	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1310	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1311	updatestatus();
1312
1313	/* EWMH support per view */
1314	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1315			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1316
1317	/* select for events */
1318	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1319			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1320			|PropertyChangeMask;
1321	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1322	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1323
1324	grabkeys();
1325}
1326
1327void
1328showhide(Client *c) {
1329	if(!c)
1330		return;
1331	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1332		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1333		if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1334			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
1335		showhide(c->snext);
1336	}
1337	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1338		showhide(c->snext);
1339		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1340	}
1341}
1342
1343void
1344spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1345	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1346	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1347	if(fork() == 0) {
1348		if(fork() == 0) {
1349			if(dpy)
1350				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1351			setsid();
1352			execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1353			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1354			perror(" failed");
1355		}
1356		exit(0);
1357	}
1358	wait(0);
1359}
1360
1361void
1362tag(const Arg *arg) {
1363	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1364		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1365		arrange();
1366	}
1367}
1368
1369int
1370textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1371	XRectangle r;
1372
1373	if(dc.font.set) {
1374		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1375		return r.width;
1376	}
1377	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1378}
1379
1380void
1381tile(void) {
1382	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1383	unsigned int i, n;
1384	Client *c;
1385
1386	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1387	if(n == 0)
1388		return;
1389
1390	/* master */
1391	c = nexttiled(clients);
1392	mw = mfact * ww;
1393	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1394
1395	if(--n == 0)
1396		return;
1397
1398	/* tile stack */
1399	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1400	y = wy;
1401	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1402	h = wh / n;
1403	if(h < bh)
1404		h = wh;
1405
1406	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1407		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1408		       ? wy + wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw), resizehints);
1409		if(h != wh)
1410			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1411	}
1412}
1413
1414void
1415togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1416	showbar = !showbar;
1417	updategeom();
1418	updatebar();
1419	arrange();
1420}
1421
1422void
1423togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1424	if(!sel)
1425		return;
1426	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1427	if(sel->isfloating)
1428		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1429	arrange();
1430}
1431
1432void
1433toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1434	unsigned int mask;
1435
1436	if (!sel)
1437		return;
1438	
1439	mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1440	if(sel && mask) {
1441		sel->tags = mask;
1442		arrange();
1443	}
1444}
1445
1446void
1447toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1448	unsigned int mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1449
1450	if(mask) {
1451		tagset[seltags] = mask;
1452		arrange();
1453	}
1454}
1455
1456void
1457unmanage(Client *c) {
1458	XWindowChanges wc;
1459
1460	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1461	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1462	XGrabServer(dpy);
1463	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1464	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1465	detach(c);
1466	detachstack(c);
1467	if(sel == c)
1468		focus(NULL);
1469	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1470	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1471	free(c);
1472	XSync(dpy, False);
1473	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1474	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1475	arrange();
1476}
1477
1478void
1479unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1480	Client *c;
1481	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1482
1483	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1484		unmanage(c);
1485}
1486
1487void
1488updatebar(void) {
1489	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1490		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1491	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1492	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1493}
1494
1495void
1496updategeom(void) {
1497#ifdef XINERAMA
1498	int n, i = 0;
1499	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1500
1501	/* window area geometry */
1502	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy) && (info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n))) { 
1503		if(n > 1) {
1504			int di, x, y;
1505			unsigned int dui;
1506			Window dummy;
1507			if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1508				for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
1509					if(INRECT(x, y, info[i].x_org, info[i].y_org, info[i].width, info[i].height))
1510						break;
1511		}
1512		wx = info[i].x_org;
1513		wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[i].y_org + bh : info[i].y_org;
1514		ww = info[i].width;
1515		wh = showbar ? info[i].height - bh : info[i].height;
1516		XFree(info);
1517	}
1518	else
1519#endif
1520	{
1521		wx = sx;
1522		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1523		ww = sw;
1524		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1525	}
1526
1527	/* bar position */
1528	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1529}
1530
1531void
1532updatenumlockmask(void) {
1533	unsigned int i, j;
1534	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1535
1536	numlockmask = 0;
1537	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1538	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1539		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1540			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1541				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1542	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1543}
1544
1545void
1546updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1547	long msize;
1548	XSizeHints size;
1549
1550	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1551		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1552		size.flags = PSize; 
1553	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1554		c->basew = size.base_width;
1555		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1556	}
1557	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1558		c->basew = size.min_width;
1559		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1560	}
1561	else
1562		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1563	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1564		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1565		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1566	}
1567	else
1568		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1569	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1570		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1571		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1572	}
1573	else
1574		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1575	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1576		c->minw = size.min_width;
1577		c->minh = size.min_height;
1578	}
1579	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1580		c->minw = size.base_width;
1581		c->minh = size.base_height;
1582	}
1583	else
1584		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1585	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1586		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1587		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1588	}
1589	else
1590		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1591	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1592	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1593}
1594
1595void
1596updatetitle(Client *c) {
1597	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1598		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1599}
1600
1601void
1602updatestatus() {
1603	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1604		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1605	drawbar();
1606}
1607
1608void
1609updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1610	XWMHints *wmh;
1611
1612	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1613		if(c == sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1614			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1615			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1616		}
1617		else
1618			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1619
1620		XFree(wmh);
1621	}
1622}
1623
1624void
1625view(const Arg *arg) {
1626	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1627		return;
1628	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1629	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1630		tagset[seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1631	arrange();
1632}
1633
1634/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1635 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1636 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1637int
1638xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1639	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1640	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1641	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1642	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1643	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1644	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1645	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1646	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1647	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1648		return 0;
1649	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1650			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1651	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1652}
1653
1654int
1655xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1656	return 0;
1657}
1658
1659/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1660 * is already running. */
1661int
1662xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1663	otherwm = True;
1664	return -1;
1665}
1666
1667void
1668zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1669	Client *c = sel;
1670
1671	if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1672		return;
1673	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1674		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1675			return;
1676	detach(c);
1677	attach(c);
1678	focus(c);
1679	arrange();
1680}
1681
1682int
1683main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1684	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1685		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1686	else if(argc != 1)
1687		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1688
1689	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1690		fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1691
1692	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1693		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1694
1695	checkotherwm();
1696	setup();
1697	scan();
1698	run();
1699	cleanup();
1700
1701	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1702	return 0;
1703}