1/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2 *
   3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8 *
   9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15 *
  16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21 *
  22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23 *
  24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25 */
  26#include <errno.h>
  27#include <locale.h>
  28#include <stdarg.h>
  29#include <stdio.h>
  30#include <stdlib.h>
  31#include <string.h>
  32#include <unistd.h>
  33#include <sys/select.h>
  34#include <sys/types.h>
  35#include <sys/wait.h>
  36#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37#include <X11/keysym.h>
  38#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42#ifdef XINERAMA
  43#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44#endif
  45
  46/* macros */
  47#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52#define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55
  56/* enums */
  57enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  58enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  59enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  60enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  61
  62/* typedefs */
  63typedef unsigned int uint;
  64typedef unsigned long ulong;
  65typedef struct Client Client;
  66struct Client {
  67	char name[256];
  68	int x, y, w, h;
  69	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  70	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  71	long flags;
  72	int bw, oldbw;
  73	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  74	uint tags;
  75	Client *next;
  76	Client *prev;
  77	Client *snext;
  78	Window win;
  79};
  80
  81typedef struct {
  82	int x, y, w, h;
  83	ulong norm[ColLast];
  84	ulong sel[ColLast];
  85	Drawable drawable;
  86	GC gc;
  87	struct {
  88		int ascent;
  89		int descent;
  90		int height;
  91		XFontSet set;
  92		XFontStruct *xfont;
  93	} font;
  94} DC; /* draw context */
  95
  96typedef struct {
  97	uint mod;
  98	KeySym keysym;
  99	void (*func)(const void *arg);
 100	const void *arg;
 101} Key;
 102
 103typedef struct {
 104	const char *symbol;
 105	void (*arrange)(void);
 106	void (*updategeom)(void);
 107} Layout;
 108
 109typedef struct {
 110	const char *class;
 111	const char *instance;
 112	const char *title;
 113	uint tags;
 114	Bool isfloating;
 115} Rule;
 116
 117/* function declarations */
 118void applyrules(Client *c);
 119void arrange(void);
 120void attach(Client *c);
 121void attachstack(Client *c);
 122void ban(Client *c);
 123void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 124void checkotherwm(void);
 125void cleanup(void);
 126void configure(Client *c);
 127void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 128void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 129void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 130void detach(Client *c);
 131void detachstack(Client *c);
 132void drawbar(void);
 133void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 134void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 135void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 136void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 137void expose(XEvent *e);
 138void focus(Client *c);
 139void focusin(XEvent *e);
 140void focusnext(const void *arg);
 141void focusprev(const void *arg);
 142Client *getclient(Window w);
 143ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 144long getstate(Window w);
 145Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 146void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 147void grabkeys(void);
 148void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 149Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 150Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 151Bool isurgent(uint t);
 152Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 153void keypress(XEvent *e);
 154void killclient(const void *arg);
 155void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 156void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 157void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 158void movemouse(Client *c);
 159Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 160void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 161void quit(const void *arg);
 162void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164void restack(void);
 165void run(void);
 166void scan(void);
 167void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168void setmfact(const void *arg);
 169void setup(void);
 170void spawn(const void *arg);
 171void tag(const void *arg);
 172uint textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 173uint textw(const char *text);
 174void tile(void);
 175void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 176void togglebar(const void *arg);
 177void togglefloating(const void *arg);
 178void togglelayout(const void *arg);
 179void toggletag(const void *arg);
 180void toggleview(const void *arg);
 181void unban(Client *c);
 182void unmanage(Client *c);
 183void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 184void updatebar(void);
 185void updategeom(void);
 186void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 187void updatetilegeom(void);
 188void updatetitle(Client *c);
 189void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 190void view(const void *arg);
 191void viewprevtag(const void *arg);
 192int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 193int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195void zoom(const void *arg);
 196
 197/* variables */
 198char stext[256];
 199int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 200int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 201int mx, my, mw, mh, tx, ty, tw, th;
 202uint seltags = 0;
 203int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 204uint numlockmask = 0;
 205void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 206	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 207	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 208	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 209	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 210	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 211	[Expose] = expose,
 212	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 213	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 214	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 215	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 216	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 217	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 218};
 219Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 220Bool otherwm, readin;
 221Bool running = True;
 222uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 223Client *clients = NULL;
 224Client *sel = NULL;
 225Client *stack = NULL;
 226Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227Display *dpy;
 228DC dc = {0};
 229Layout layouts[];
 230Layout *lt = layouts;
 231Window root, barwin;
 232
 233/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 234#include "config.h"
 235
 236/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 237struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 238
 239/* function implementations */
 240void
 241applyrules(Client *c) {
 242	uint i;
 243	Rule *r;
 244	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 245
 246	/* rule matching */
 247	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 248	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 249		r = &rules[i];
 250		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 251		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 252		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 253			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 254			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 255		}
 256	}
 257	if(ch.res_class)
 258		XFree(ch.res_class);
 259	if(ch.res_name)
 260		XFree(ch.res_name);
 261	if(!c->tags)
 262		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 263}
 264
 265void
 266arrange(void) {
 267	Client *c;
 268
 269	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 270		if(isvisible(c)) {
 271			unban(c);
 272			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
 273				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 274		}
 275		else
 276			ban(c);
 277
 278	focus(NULL);
 279	if(lt->arrange)
 280		lt->arrange();
 281	restack();
 282}
 283
 284void
 285attach(Client *c) {
 286	if(clients)
 287		clients->prev = c;
 288	c->next = clients;
 289	clients = c;
 290}
 291
 292void
 293attachstack(Client *c) {
 294	c->snext = stack;
 295	stack = c;
 296}
 297
 298void
 299ban(Client *c) {
 300	if(c->isbanned)
 301		return;
 302	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 303	c->isbanned = True;
 304}
 305
 306void
 307buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 308	uint i, x, mask;
 309	Client *c;
 310	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 311
 312	if(ev->window == barwin) {
 313		x = 0;
 314		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 315			x += textw(tags[i]);
 316			if(ev->x < x) {
 317				mask = 1 << i;
 318				if(ev->button == Button1) {
 319					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 320						tag(&mask);
 321					else
 322						view(&mask);
 323				}
 324				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 325					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 326						toggletag(&mask);
 327					else
 328						toggleview(&mask);
 329				}
 330				return;
 331			}
 332		}
 333		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1) 
 334			togglelayout(NULL);
 335	}
 336	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 337		focus(c);
 338		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 339			return;
 340		if(ev->button == Button1) {
 341			restack();
 342			movemouse(c);
 343		}
 344		else if(ev->button == Button2)
 345			togglefloating(NULL);
 346		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 347			restack();
 348			resizemouse(c);
 349		}
 350	}
 351}
 352
 353void
 354checkotherwm(void) {
 355	otherwm = False;
 356	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 357
 358	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 359	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 360	XSync(dpy, False);
 361	if(otherwm)
 362		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 363	XSync(dpy, False);
 364	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 365	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 366	XSync(dpy, False);
 367}
 368
 369void
 370cleanup(void) {
 371	close(STDIN_FILENO);
 372	while(stack) {
 373		unban(stack);
 374		unmanage(stack);
 375	}
 376	if(dc.font.set)
 377		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 378	else
 379		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 380	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 381	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 382	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 383	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 384	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 385	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 386	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 387	XSync(dpy, False);
 388	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 389}
 390
 391void
 392configure(Client *c) {
 393	XConfigureEvent ce;
 394
 395	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 396	ce.display = dpy;
 397	ce.event = c->win;
 398	ce.window = c->win;
 399	ce.x = c->x;
 400	ce.y = c->y;
 401	ce.width = c->w;
 402	ce.height = c->h;
 403	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 404	ce.above = None;
 405	ce.override_redirect = False;
 406	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 407}
 408
 409void
 410configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 411	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 412
 413	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 414		sw = ev->width;
 415		sh = ev->height;
 416		updategeom();
 417		updatebar();
 418		arrange();
 419	}
 420}
 421
 422void
 423configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 424	Client *c;
 425	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 426	XWindowChanges wc;
 427
 428	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 429		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 430			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 431		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
 432			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 433				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 434			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 435				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 436			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 437				c->w = ev->width;
 438			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 439				c->h = ev->height;
 440			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 441				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 442			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 443				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 444			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 445			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 446				configure(c);
 447			if(isvisible(c))
 448				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 449		}
 450		else
 451			configure(c);
 452	}
 453	else {
 454		wc.x = ev->x;
 455		wc.y = ev->y;
 456		wc.width = ev->width;
 457		wc.height = ev->height;
 458		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 459		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 460		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 461		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 462	}
 463	XSync(dpy, False);
 464}
 465
 466void
 467destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 468	Client *c;
 469	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 470
 471	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 472		unmanage(c);
 473}
 474
 475void
 476detach(Client *c) {
 477	if(c->prev)
 478		c->prev->next = c->next;
 479	if(c->next)
 480		c->next->prev = c->prev;
 481	if(c == clients)
 482		clients = c->next;
 483	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 484}
 485
 486void
 487detachstack(Client *c) {
 488	Client **tc;
 489
 490	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 491	*tc = c->snext;
 492}
 493
 494void
 495drawbar(void) {
 496	int i, x;
 497	Client *c;
 498
 499	dc.x = 0;
 500	for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 501	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 502		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 503		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 504			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 505			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 506		}
 507		else {
 508			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 509			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 510		}
 511		dc.x += dc.w;
 512	}
 513	if(blw > 0) {
 514		dc.w = blw;
 515		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 516		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 517	}
 518	else
 519		x = dc.x;
 520	dc.w = textw(stext);
 521	dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 522	if(dc.x < x) {
 523		dc.x = x;
 524		dc.w = bw - x;
 525	}
 526	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 527	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 528		dc.x = x;
 529		if(c) {
 530			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 531			drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 532		}
 533		else
 534			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 535	}
 536	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 537	XSync(dpy, False);
 538}
 539
 540void
 541drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 542	int x;
 543	XGCValues gcv;
 544	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 545
 546	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 547	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 548	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 549	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 550	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 551	if(filled) {
 552		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 553		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 554	}
 555	else if(empty) {
 556		r.width = r.height = x;
 557		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 558	}
 559}
 560
 561void
 562drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 563	int x, y, w, h;
 564	uint len, olen;
 565	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 566	char buf[256];
 567
 568	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 569	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 570	if(!text)
 571		return;
 572	olen = strlen(text);
 573	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 574	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 575	w = 0;
 576	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 577	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 578	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 579	/* shorten text if necessary */
 580	for(; len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 581	if(!len)
 582		return;
 583	if(len < olen) {
 584		if(len > 1)
 585			buf[len - 1] = '.';
 586		if(len > 2)
 587			buf[len - 2] = '.';
 588		if(len > 3)
 589			buf[len - 3] = '.';
 590	}
 591	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 592	if(dc.font.set)
 593		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 594	else
 595		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 596}
 597
 598void
 599enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 600	Client *c;
 601	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 602
 603	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 604		return;
 605	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 606		focus(c);
 607	else
 608		focus(NULL);
 609}
 610
 611void
 612eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 613	va_list ap;
 614
 615	va_start(ap, errstr);
 616	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 617	va_end(ap);
 618	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 619}
 620
 621void
 622expose(XEvent *e) {
 623	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 624
 625	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 626		drawbar();
 627}
 628
 629void
 630focus(Client *c) {
 631	if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 632		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 633	if(sel && sel != c) {
 634		grabbuttons(sel, False);
 635		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 636	}
 637	if(c) {
 638		detachstack(c);
 639		attachstack(c);
 640		grabbuttons(c, True);
 641	}
 642	sel = c;
 643	if(c) {
 644		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 645		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 646	}
 647	else
 648		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 649	drawbar();
 650}
 651
 652void
 653focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 654	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 655
 656	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 657		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 658}
 659
 660void
 661focusnext(const void *arg) {
 662	Client *c;
 663
 664	if(!sel)
 665		return;
 666	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 667	if(!c)
 668		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 669	if(c) {
 670		focus(c);
 671		restack();
 672	}
 673}
 674
 675void
 676focusprev(const void *arg) {
 677	Client *c;
 678
 679	if(!sel)
 680		return;
 681	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 682	if(!c) {
 683		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 684		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 685	}
 686	if(c) {
 687		focus(c);
 688		restack();
 689	}
 690}
 691
 692Client *
 693getclient(Window w) {
 694	Client *c;
 695
 696	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 697	return c;
 698}
 699
 700ulong
 701getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 702	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 703	XColor color;
 704
 705	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 706		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 707	return color.pixel;
 708}
 709
 710long
 711getstate(Window w) {
 712	int format, status;
 713	long result = -1;
 714	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 715	ulong n, extra;
 716	Atom real;
 717
 718	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 719			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 720	if(status != Success)
 721		return -1;
 722	if(n != 0)
 723		result = *p;
 724	XFree(p);
 725	return result;
 726}
 727
 728Bool
 729gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 730	char **list = NULL;
 731	int n;
 732	XTextProperty name;
 733
 734	if(!text || size == 0)
 735		return False;
 736	text[0] = '\0';
 737	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 738	if(!name.nitems)
 739		return False;
 740	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 741		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 742	else {
 743		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 744		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 745			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 746			XFreeStringList(list);
 747		}
 748	}
 749	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 750	XFree(name.value);
 751	return True;
 752}
 753
 754void
 755grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 756	int i, j;
 757	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 758	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 759				MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 760
 761	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 762	if(focused)
 763		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 764			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 765				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 766					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 767	else
 768		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 769			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 770}
 771
 772void
 773grabkeys(void) {
 774	uint i, j;
 775	KeyCode code;
 776	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 777
 778	/* init modifier map */
 779	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 780	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 781		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 782			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 783				numlockmask = (1 << i);
 784		}
 785	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 786
 787	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 788	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 789		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 790		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 791				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 792		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 793				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 794		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 795				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 796		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 797				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 798	}
 799}
 800
 801void
 802initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 803	char *def, **missing;
 804	int i, n;
 805
 806	missing = NULL;
 807	if(dc.font.set)
 808		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 809	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 810	if(missing) {
 811		while(n--)
 812			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 813		XFreeStringList(missing);
 814	}
 815	if(dc.font.set) {
 816		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 817		XFontStruct **xfonts;
 818		char **font_names;
 819		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 820		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 821		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 822		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 823			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 824			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 825			xfonts++;
 826		}
 827	}
 828	else {
 829		if(dc.font.xfont)
 830			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 831		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 832		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 833		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 834			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 835		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 836		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 837	}
 838	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 839}
 840
 841Bool
 842isoccupied(uint t) {
 843	Client *c;
 844
 845	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 846		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 847			return True;
 848	return False;
 849}
 850
 851Bool
 852isprotodel(Client *c) {
 853	int i, n;
 854	Atom *protocols;
 855	Bool ret = False;
 856
 857	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 858		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 859			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 860				ret = True;
 861		XFree(protocols);
 862	}
 863	return ret;
 864}
 865
 866Bool
 867isurgent(uint t) {
 868	Client *c;
 869
 870	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 871		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 872			return True;
 873	return False;
 874}
 875
 876Bool
 877isvisible(Client *c) {
 878	return c->tags & tagset[seltags];
 879}
 880
 881void
 882keypress(XEvent *e) {
 883	uint i;
 884	KeySym keysym;
 885	XKeyEvent *ev;
 886
 887	ev = &e->xkey;
 888	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 889	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 890		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 891		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 892		{
 893			if(keys[i].func)
 894				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 895		}
 896}
 897
 898void
 899killclient(const void *arg) {
 900	XEvent ev;
 901
 902	if(!sel)
 903		return;
 904	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 905		ev.type = ClientMessage;
 906		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 907		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 908		ev.xclient.format = 32;
 909		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 910		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 911		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 912	}
 913	else
 914		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 915}
 916
 917void
 918manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 919	Client *c, *t = NULL;
 920	Status rettrans;
 921	Window trans;
 922	XWindowChanges wc;
 923
 924	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 925		eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 926	c->win = w;
 927
 928	/* geometry */
 929	c->x = wa->x;
 930	c->y = wa->y;
 931	c->w = wa->width;
 932	c->h = wa->height;
 933	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 934	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 935		c->x = sx;
 936		c->y = sy;
 937		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 938	}
 939	else {
 940		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 941			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 942		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 943			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 944		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 945		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
 946		c->bw = borderpx;
 947	}
 948
 949	wc.border_width = c->bw;
 950	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 951	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 952	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 953	updatesizehints(c);
 954	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 955	grabbuttons(c, False);
 956	updatetitle(c);
 957	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 958		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 959	if(t)
 960		c->tags = t->tags;
 961	else
 962		applyrules(c);
 963	if(!c->isfloating)
 964		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 965	attach(c);
 966	attachstack(c);
 967	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 968	ban(c);
 969	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 970	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 971	arrange();
 972}
 973
 974void
 975mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 976	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 977
 978	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 979	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 980		grabkeys();
 981}
 982
 983void
 984maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 985	static XWindowAttributes wa;
 986	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 987
 988	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 989		return;
 990	if(wa.override_redirect)
 991		return;
 992	if(!getclient(ev->window))
 993		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 994}
 995
 996void
 997movemouse(Client *c) {
 998	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 999	uint dui;
1000	Window dummy;
1001	XEvent ev;
1002
1003	ocx = nx = c->x;
1004	ocy = ny = c->y;
1005	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1006	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1007		return;
1008	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1009	for(;;) {
1010		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1011		switch (ev.type) {
1012		case ButtonRelease:
1013			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1014			return;
1015		case ConfigureRequest:
1016		case Expose:
1017		case MapRequest:
1018			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1019			break;
1020		case MotionNotify:
1021			XSync(dpy, False);
1022			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1023			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1024			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1025			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1026				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1027					nx = wx;
1028				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1029					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1030				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1031					ny = wy;
1032				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1033					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1034				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1035					togglefloating(NULL);
1036			}
1037			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1038				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1039			break;
1040		}
1041	}
1042}
1043
1044Client *
1045nexttiled(Client *c) {
1046	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1047	return c;
1048}
1049
1050void
1051propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1052	Client *c;
1053	Window trans;
1054	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1055
1056	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1057		return; /* ignore */
1058	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1059		switch (ev->atom) {
1060		default: break;
1061		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1062			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1063			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1064				arrange();
1065			break;
1066		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1067			updatesizehints(c);
1068			break;
1069		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1070			updatewmhints(c);
1071			drawbar();
1072			break;
1073		}
1074		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1075			updatetitle(c);
1076			if(c == sel)
1077				drawbar();
1078		}
1079	}
1080}
1081
1082void
1083quit(const void *arg) {
1084	readin = running = False;
1085}
1086
1087void
1088resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1089	XWindowChanges wc;
1090
1091	if(sizehints) {
1092		/* set minimum possible */
1093		w = MAX(1, w);
1094		h = MAX(1, h);
1095
1096		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1097		w -= c->basew;
1098		h -= c->baseh;
1099
1100		/* adjust for aspect limits */
1101		if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay 
1102		&& c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0) {
1103			if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1104				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1105			else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1106				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1107		}
1108
1109		/* adjust for increment value */
1110		if(c->incw)
1111			w -= w % c->incw;
1112		if(c->inch)
1113			h -= h % c->inch;
1114
1115		/* restore base dimensions */
1116		w += c->basew;
1117		h += c->baseh;
1118
1119		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1120		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1121		
1122		if (c->maxw)
1123			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1124
1125		if (c->maxh)
1126			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1127	}
1128	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1129		return;
1130	if(x > sx + sw)
1131		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1132	if(y > sy + sh)
1133		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1134	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1135		x = sx;
1136	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1137		y = sy;
1138	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1139		c->x = wc.x = x;
1140		c->y = wc.y = y;
1141		c->w = wc.width = w;
1142		c->h = wc.height = h;
1143		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1144		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1145				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1146		configure(c);
1147		XSync(dpy, False);
1148	}
1149}
1150
1151void
1152resizemouse(Client *c) {
1153	int ocx, ocy;
1154	int nw, nh;
1155	XEvent ev;
1156
1157	ocx = c->x;
1158	ocy = c->y;
1159	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1160	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1161		return;
1162	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1163	for(;;) {
1164		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1165		switch(ev.type) {
1166		case ButtonRelease:
1167			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1168					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1169			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1170			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1171			return;
1172		case ConfigureRequest:
1173		case Expose:
1174		case MapRequest:
1175			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1176			break;
1177		case MotionNotify:
1178			XSync(dpy, False);
1179			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1180			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1181
1182			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1183			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1184				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
1185				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1186					togglefloating(NULL);
1187			}
1188			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
1189				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1190			break;
1191		}
1192	}
1193}
1194
1195void
1196restack(void) {
1197	Client *c;
1198	XEvent ev;
1199	XWindowChanges wc;
1200
1201	drawbar();
1202	if(!sel)
1203		return;
1204	if(sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
1205		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1206	if(lt->arrange) {
1207		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1208		wc.sibling = barwin;
1209		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1210			if(!c->isfloating && isvisible(c)) {
1211				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1212				wc.sibling = c->win;
1213			}
1214	}
1215	XSync(dpy, False);
1216	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1217}
1218
1219void
1220run(void) {
1221	char *p;
1222	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1223	fd_set rd;
1224	int r, xfd;
1225	uint len, offset;
1226	XEvent ev;
1227
1228	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1229	XSync(dpy, False);
1230	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1231	readin = True;
1232	offset = 0;
1233	len = sizeof stext - 1;
1234	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1235	while(running) {
1236		FD_ZERO(&rd);
1237		if(readin)
1238			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1239		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1240		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1241			if(errno == EINTR)
1242				continue;
1243			eprint("select failed\n");
1244		}
1245		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1246			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1247			case -1:
1248				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1249				readin = False;
1250				break;
1251			case 0:
1252				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1253				readin = False;
1254				break;
1255			default:
1256				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1257					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1258						*p = '\0';
1259						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1260						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1261						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1262						offset = r;
1263						if(r)
1264							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1265						break;
1266					}
1267				break;
1268			}
1269			drawbar();
1270		}
1271		while(XPending(dpy)) {
1272			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1273			if(handler[ev.type])
1274				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1275		}
1276	}
1277}
1278
1279void
1280scan(void) {
1281	uint i, num;
1282	Window *wins, d1, d2;
1283	XWindowAttributes wa;
1284
1285	wins = NULL;
1286	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1287		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1288			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1289			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1290				continue;
1291			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1292				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1293		}
1294		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1295			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1296				continue;
1297			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1298			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1299				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1300		}
1301	}
1302	if(wins)
1303		XFree(wins);
1304}
1305
1306void
1307setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1308	long data[] = {state, None};
1309
1310	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1311			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1312}
1313
1314/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1315void
1316setmfact(const void *arg) {
1317	double d = *((double*) arg);
1318
1319	if(!d || lt->arrange != tile)
1320		return;
1321	d = d < 1.0 ? d + mfact : d - 1.0;
1322	if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1323		return;
1324	mfact = d;
1325	updatetilegeom();
1326	arrange();
1327}
1328
1329void
1330setup(void) {
1331	uint i, w;
1332	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1333
1334	/* init screen */
1335	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1336	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1337	initfont(FONT);
1338	sx = 0;
1339	sy = 0;
1340	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1341	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1342	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1343	updategeom();
1344
1345	/* init atoms */
1346	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1347	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1348	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1349	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1350	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1351	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1352
1353	/* init cursors */
1354	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1355	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1356	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1357
1358	/* init appearance */
1359	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1360	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1361	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1362	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1363	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1364	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1365	initfont(FONT);
1366	dc.h = bh;
1367	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1368	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1369	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1370	if(!dc.font.set)
1371		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1372
1373	/* init bar */
1374	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1375		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1376		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1377	}
1378
1379	wa.override_redirect = 1;
1380	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1381	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1382
1383	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1384			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1385			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1386	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1387	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1388	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1389	drawbar();
1390
1391	/* EWMH support per view */
1392	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1393			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1394
1395	/* select for events */
1396	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1397			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1398	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1399	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1400
1401
1402	/* grab keys */
1403	grabkeys();
1404}
1405
1406void
1407spawn(const void *arg) {
1408	static char *shell = NULL;
1409
1410	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1411		shell = "/bin/sh";
1412	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1413	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1414	if(fork() == 0) {
1415		if(fork() == 0) {
1416			if(dpy)
1417				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1418			setsid();
1419			execl(shell, shell, "-c", (char *)arg, (char *)NULL);
1420			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, (char *)arg);
1421			perror(" failed");
1422		}
1423		exit(0);
1424	}
1425	wait(0);
1426}
1427
1428void
1429tag(const void *arg) {
1430	if(sel && *(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1431		sel->tags = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1432		arrange();
1433	}
1434}
1435
1436uint
1437textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1438	XRectangle r;
1439
1440	if(dc.font.set) {
1441		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1442		return r.width;
1443	}
1444	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1445}
1446
1447uint
1448textw(const char *text) {
1449	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1450}
1451
1452void
1453tile(void) {
1454	int x, y, h, w;
1455	uint i, n;
1456	Client *c;
1457
1458	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1459	if(n == 0)
1460		return;
1461
1462	/* master */
1463	c = nexttiled(clients);
1464
1465	if(n == 1)
1466		tileresize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
1467	else
1468		tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1469
1470	if(--n == 0)
1471		return;
1472
1473	/* tile stack */
1474	x = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : tw;
1475	y = ty;
1476	w = (tx > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : tw;
1477	h = th / n;
1478	if(h < bh)
1479		h = th;
1480
1481	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1482		if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1483			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1484		else
1485			tileresize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1486		if(h != th)
1487			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1488	}
1489}
1490
1491void
1492tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1493	resize(c, x, y, w, h, resizehints);
1494	if(resizehints && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1495		/* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1496		resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1497}
1498
1499void
1500togglebar(const void *arg) {
1501	showbar = !showbar;
1502	updategeom();
1503	updatebar();
1504	arrange();
1505}
1506
1507void
1508togglefloating(const void *arg) {
1509	if(!sel)
1510		return;
1511	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1512	if(sel->isfloating)
1513		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1514	arrange();
1515}
1516
1517void
1518togglelayout(const void *arg) {
1519	uint i;
1520
1521	if(!arg) {
1522		if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1523			lt = &layouts[0];
1524	}
1525	else {
1526		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1527			if(!strcmp((char *)arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1528				break;
1529		if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1530			return;
1531		lt = &layouts[i];
1532	}
1533	if(sel)
1534		arrange();
1535	else
1536		drawbar();
1537}
1538
1539void
1540toggletag(const void *arg) {
1541	if(sel && (sel->tags ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1542		sel->tags ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1543		arrange();
1544	}
1545}
1546
1547void
1548toggleview(const void *arg) {
1549	if((tagset[seltags] ^ ((*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK))) {
1550		tagset[seltags] ^= (*(int *)arg) & TAGMASK;
1551		arrange();
1552	}
1553}
1554
1555void
1556unban(Client *c) {
1557	if(!c->isbanned)
1558		return;
1559	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1560	c->isbanned = False;
1561}
1562
1563void
1564unmanage(Client *c) {
1565	XWindowChanges wc;
1566
1567	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1568	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1569	XGrabServer(dpy);
1570	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1571	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1572	detach(c);
1573	detachstack(c);
1574	if(sel == c)
1575		focus(NULL);
1576	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1577	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1578	free(c);
1579	XSync(dpy, False);
1580	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1581	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1582	arrange();
1583}
1584
1585void
1586unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1587	Client *c;
1588	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1589
1590	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1591		unmanage(c);
1592}
1593
1594void
1595updatebar(void) {
1596	if(dc.drawable != 0)
1597		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1598	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1599	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1600}
1601
1602void
1603updategeom(void) {
1604	int i;
1605#ifdef XINERAMA
1606	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1607
1608	/* window area geometry */
1609	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1610		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1611		wx = info[0].x_org;
1612		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
1613		ww = info[0].width;
1614		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
1615		XFree(info);
1616	}
1617	else
1618#endif
1619	{
1620		wx = sx;
1621		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1622		ww = sw;
1623		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1624	}
1625
1626	/* bar geometry */
1627	bx = wx;
1628	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1629	bw = ww;
1630
1631	/* update layout geometries */
1632	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1633		if(layouts[i].updategeom)
1634			layouts[i].updategeom();
1635}
1636
1637void
1638updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1639	long msize;
1640	XSizeHints size;
1641
1642	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1643		size.flags = PSize;
1644	c->flags = size.flags;
1645	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1646		c->basew = size.base_width;
1647		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1648	}
1649	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1650		c->basew = size.min_width;
1651		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1652	}
1653	else
1654		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1655	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1656		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1657		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1658	}
1659	else
1660		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1661	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1662		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1663		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1664	}
1665	else
1666		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1667	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1668		c->minw = size.min_width;
1669		c->minh = size.min_height;
1670	}
1671	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1672		c->minw = size.base_width;
1673		c->minh = size.base_height;
1674	}
1675	else
1676		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1677	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1678		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1679		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1680		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1681		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1682	}
1683	else
1684		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1685	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1686			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1687}
1688
1689void
1690updatetilegeom(void) {
1691	/* master area geometry */
1692	mx = wx;
1693	my = wy;
1694	mw = mfact * ww;
1695	mh = wh;
1696
1697	/* tile area geometry */
1698	tx = mx + mw;
1699	ty = wy;
1700	tw = ww - mw;
1701	th = wh;
1702}
1703
1704void
1705updatetitle(Client *c) {
1706	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1707		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1708}
1709
1710void
1711updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1712	XWMHints *wmh;
1713
1714	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1715		if(c == sel)
1716			sel->isurgent = False;
1717		else
1718			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1719		XFree(wmh);
1720	}
1721}
1722
1723void
1724view(const void *arg) {
1725	if(*(int *)arg & TAGMASK) {
1726		seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1727		tagset[seltags] = *(int *)arg & TAGMASK;
1728		arrange();
1729	}
1730}
1731
1732void
1733viewprevtag(const void *arg) {
1734	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1735	arrange();
1736}
1737
1738/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1739 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1740 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1741int
1742xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1743	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1744	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1745	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1746	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1747	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1748	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1749	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1750	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1751	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1752		return 0;
1753	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1754			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1755	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1756}
1757
1758int
1759xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1760	return 0;
1761}
1762
1763/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1764 * is already running. */
1765int
1766xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1767	otherwm = True;
1768	return -1;
1769}
1770
1771void
1772zoom(const void *arg) {
1773	Client *c = sel;
1774
1775	if(!lt->arrange || sel->isfloating)
1776		return;
1777	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1778		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1779			return;
1780	detach(c);
1781	attach(c);
1782	focus(c);
1783	arrange();
1784}
1785
1786int
1787main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1788	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1789		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1790	else if(argc != 1)
1791		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1792
1793	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1794	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1795		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1796
1797	checkotherwm();
1798	setup();
1799	scan();
1800	run();
1801	cleanup();
1802
1803	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1804	return 0;
1805}