1//#define XINULATOR /* debug, simulates dual head */
   2/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   3 *
   4 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   5 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   6 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   7 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   8 * allowed to select for this event mask.
   9 *
  10 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  11 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  12 * in O(1) time.
  13 *
  14 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  15 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  16 * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  17 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  18 * client.
  19 *
  20 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  21 *
  22 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  23 */
  24#include <errno.h>
  25#include <locale.h>
  26#include <stdarg.h>
  27#include <signal.h>
  28#include <stdio.h>
  29#include <stdlib.h>
  30#include <string.h>
  31#include <unistd.h>
  32#include <sys/types.h>
  33#include <sys/wait.h>
  34#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  35#include <X11/keysym.h>
  36#include <X11/Xatom.h>
  37#include <X11/Xlib.h>
  38#include <X11/Xproto.h>
  39#include <X11/Xutil.h>
  40#ifdef XINERAMA
  41#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  42#endif /* XINERAMA */
  43
  44/* macros */
  45#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47#define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  48#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  49#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  50#define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51#define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  52#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  55#define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56#define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58/* enums */
  59enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66typedef union {
  67	int i;
  68	unsigned int ui;
  69	float f;
  70	void *v;
  71} Arg;
  72
  73typedef struct {
  74	unsigned int click;
  75	unsigned int mask;
  76	unsigned int button;
  77	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78	const Arg arg;
  79} Button;
  80
  81typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  82typedef struct Client Client;
  83struct Client {
  84	char name[256];
  85	float mina, maxa;
  86	int x, y, w, h;
  87	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  88	int bw, oldbw;
  89	unsigned int tags;
  90	Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  91	Client *next;
  92	Client *snext;
  93	Monitor *mon;
  94	Window win;
  95};
  96
  97typedef struct {
  98	int x, y, w, h;
  99	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 100	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 101	Drawable drawable;
 102	GC gc;
 103	struct {
 104		int ascent;
 105		int descent;
 106		int height;
 107		XFontSet set;
 108		XFontStruct *xfont;
 109	} font;
 110} DC; /* draw context */
 111
 112typedef struct {
 113	unsigned int mod;
 114	KeySym keysym;
 115	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 116	const Arg arg;
 117} Key;
 118
 119typedef struct {
 120	const char *symbol;
 121	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 122} Layout;
 123
 124struct Monitor {
 125	int screen_number;
 126	float mfact;
 127	int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 128	int my, mh;           /* vertical screen size*/
 129	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 130	unsigned int seltags;
 131	unsigned int sellt;
 132	unsigned int tagset[2];
 133	Bool showbar;
 134	Bool topbar;
 135	Client *clients;
 136	Client *sel;
 137	Client *stack;
 138	Monitor *next;
 139	Window barwin;
 140};
 141
 142typedef struct {
 143	const char *class;
 144	const char *instance;
 145	const char *title;
 146	unsigned int tags;
 147	Bool isfloating;
 148} Rule;
 149
 150/* function declarations */
 151static void applyrules(Client *c);
 152static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 153static void arrange(void);
 154static void attach(Client *c);
 155static void attachstack(Client *c);
 156static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 157static void checkotherwm(void);
 158static void cleanup(void);
 159static void cleanupmons(void);
 160static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 161static void configure(Client *c);
 162static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 163static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 164static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 165static void detach(Client *c);
 166static void detachstack(Client *c);
 167static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 168static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 169static void drawbars(void);
 170static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 171static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 172static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 173static void expose(XEvent *e);
 174static void focus(Client *c);
 175static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 176static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 177static Client *getclient(Window w);
 178static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 179static Monitor *getmon(Window w);
 180static Monitor *getmonn(unsigned int n);
 181static Monitor *getmonxy(int x, int y);
 182static Bool getrootpointer(int *x, int *y);
 183static long getstate(Window w);
 184static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 185static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 186static void grabkeys(void);
 187static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 188static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 189static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 190static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 191static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 192static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 193static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 194static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 195static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 196static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 197static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 198static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 199static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 200static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 201static void restack(Monitor *m);
 202static void run(void);
 203static void scan(void);
 204static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
 205static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 206static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 207static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 208static void setup(void);
 209static void showhide(Client *c);
 210static void sigchld(int signal);
 211static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 212static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 213static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 214static void tile(Monitor *);
 215static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 216static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 217static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 218static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 219static void unfocus(Client *c);
 220static void unmanage(Client *c);
 221static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 222static void updategeom(void);
 223static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 224static void updatebars(void);
 225static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 226static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 227static void updatestatus(void);
 228static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 229static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 230static void view(const Arg *arg);
 231static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 232static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 233static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 234static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 235#ifdef XINERAMA
 236static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 237static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 238#endif /* XINERAMA */
 239
 240/* variables */
 241static char stext[256];
 242static int screen;
 243static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 244static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 245static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 246static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 247static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 248	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 249	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 250	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 251	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 252	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 253	[Expose] = expose,
 254	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 255	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 256	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 257	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
 258	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 259	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 260};
 261static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 262static Bool otherwm;
 263static Bool running = True;
 264static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 265static Display *dpy;
 266static DC dc;
 267static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 268static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 269static Window root;
 270/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 271#include "config.h"
 272
 273/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 274struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 275
 276/* function implementations */
 277void
 278applyrules(Client *c) {
 279	unsigned int i;
 280	Rule *r;
 281	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 282
 283	/* rule matching */
 284	c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 285	if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 286		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 287			r = &rules[i];
 288			if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 289			&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 290			&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 291				c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 292				c->tags |= r->tags;
 293			}
 294		}
 295		if(ch.res_class)
 296			XFree(ch.res_class);
 297		if(ch.res_name)
 298			XFree(ch.res_name);
 299	}
 300	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 301}
 302
 303Bool
 304applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 305	Bool baseismin;
 306
 307	/* set minimum possible */
 308	*w = MAX(1, *w);
 309	*h = MAX(1, *h);
 310
 311	if(*x > sx + sw)
 312		*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 313	if(*y > sy + sh)
 314		*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 315	if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 316		*x = sx;
 317	if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 318		*y = sy;
 319	if(*h < bh)
 320		*h = bh;
 321	if(*w < bh)
 322		*w = bh;
 323
 324	if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 325		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 326		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 327
 328		if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 329			*w -= c->basew;
 330			*h -= c->baseh;
 331		}
 332
 333		/* adjust for aspect limits */
 334		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 335			if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 336				*w = *h * c->maxa;
 337			else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 338				*h = *w * c->mina;
 339		}
 340
 341		if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 342			*w -= c->basew;
 343			*h -= c->baseh;
 344		}
 345
 346		/* adjust for increment value */
 347		if(c->incw)
 348			*w -= *w % c->incw;
 349		if(c->inch)
 350			*h -= *h % c->inch;
 351
 352		/* restore base dimensions */
 353		*w += c->basew;
 354		*h += c->baseh;
 355
 356		*w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 357		*h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 358
 359		if(c->maxw)
 360			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 361
 362		if(c->maxh)
 363			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 364	}
 365	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 366}
 367
 368void
 369arrange(void) {
 370	Monitor *m;
 371
 372	/* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 373	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 374		showhide(m->stack);
 375	focus(NULL);
 376	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 377		if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 378			lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 379		restack(m);
 380	}
 381}
 382
 383void
 384attach(Client *c) {
 385	c->next = c->mon->clients;
 386	c->mon->clients = c;
 387}
 388
 389void
 390attachstack(Client *c) {
 391	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 392	c->mon->stack = c;
 393}
 394
 395void
 396buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 397	unsigned int i, x, click;
 398	Arg arg = {0};
 399	Client *c;
 400	Monitor *m;
 401	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 402
 403	click = ClkRootWin;
 404	/* focus monitor if necessary */
 405	if((m = getmon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 406		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 407		selmon = m;
 408		focus(NULL);
 409	}
 410	if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 411		i = 0;
 412		x = selmon->btx;
 413		do
 414			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 415		while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 416		if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 417			click = ClkTagBar;
 418			arg.ui = 1 << i;
 419		}
 420		else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 421			click = ClkLtSymbol;
 422		else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 423			click = ClkStatusText;
 424		else
 425			click = ClkWinTitle;
 426	}
 427	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 428		focus(c);
 429		click = ClkClientWin;
 430	}
 431
 432	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 433		if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 434		   && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 435			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 436}
 437
 438void
 439checkotherwm(void) {
 440	otherwm = False;
 441	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 442
 443	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 444	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 445	XSync(dpy, False);
 446	if(otherwm)
 447		die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 448	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 449	XSync(dpy, False);
 450}
 451
 452void
 453cleanup(void) {
 454	Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 455	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 456	Monitor *m;
 457
 458	view(&a);
 459	lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 460
 461	/* TODO: consider simplifying cleanup code of the stack, perhaps do that in cleanmons() ? */
 462	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 463		while(m->stack)
 464			unmanage(m->stack);
 465	if(dc.font.set)
 466		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 467	else
 468		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 469	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 470	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 471	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 472	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 473	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 474	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 475	cleanupmons();
 476	XSync(dpy, False);
 477	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 478}
 479
 480void
 481cleanupmons(void) {
 482	Monitor *m;
 483
 484	while(mons) {
 485		m = mons->next;
 486		XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 487		XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 488		free(mons);
 489		mons = m;
 490	}
 491}
 492
 493void
 494clearurgent(Client *c) {
 495	XWMHints *wmh;
 496
 497	c->isurgent = False;
 498	if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 499		return;
 500	wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 501	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 502	XFree(wmh);
 503}
 504
 505void
 506configure(Client *c) {
 507	XConfigureEvent ce;
 508
 509	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 510	ce.display = dpy;
 511	ce.event = c->win;
 512	ce.window = c->win;
 513	ce.x = c->x;
 514	ce.y = c->y;
 515	ce.width = c->w;
 516	ce.height = c->h;
 517	ce.border_width = c->bw;
 518	ce.above = None;
 519	ce.override_redirect = False;
 520	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 521}
 522
 523void
 524configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 525	Monitor *m;
 526	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 527
 528	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 529		sw = ev->width;
 530		sh = ev->height;
 531		updategeom();
 532		if(dc.drawable != 0)
 533			XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 534		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 535		updatebars();
 536		for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 537			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 538		arrange();
 539	}
 540}
 541
 542void
 543configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 544	Client *c;
 545	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 546	XWindowChanges wc;
 547
 548	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 549		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 550			c->bw = ev->border_width;
 551		else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 552			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 553				c->x = sx + ev->x;
 554			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 555				c->y = sy + ev->y;
 556			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 557				c->w = ev->width;
 558			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 559				c->h = ev->height;
 560			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 561				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 562			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 563				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 564			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 565				configure(c);
 566			if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 567				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 568		}
 569		else
 570			configure(c);
 571	}
 572	else {
 573		wc.x = ev->x;
 574		wc.y = ev->y;
 575		wc.width = ev->width;
 576		wc.height = ev->height;
 577		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 578		wc.sibling = ev->above;
 579		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 580		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 581	}
 582	XSync(dpy, False);
 583}
 584
 585void
 586destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 587	Client *c;
 588	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 589
 590	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 591		unmanage(c);
 592}
 593
 594void
 595detach(Client *c) {
 596	Client **tc;
 597
 598	for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 599	*tc = c->next;
 600}
 601
 602void
 603detachstack(Client *c) {
 604	Client **tc;
 605
 606	for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 607	*tc = c->snext;
 608}
 609
 610void
 611die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 612	va_list ap;
 613
 614	va_start(ap, errstr);
 615	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 616	va_end(ap);
 617	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 618}
 619
 620void
 621drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 622	int x;
 623	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 624	unsigned long *col;
 625	Client *c;
 626
 627	for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 628		occ |= c->tags;
 629		if(c->isurgent)
 630			urg |= c->tags;
 631	}
 632
 633	dc.x = 0;
 634#ifdef XINERAMA
 635	{
 636		char buf[2];
 637		buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 638		buf[1] = '\0';
 639		dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 640		drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 641		dc.x += dc.w;
 642	}
 643#endif /* XINERAMA */
 644	m->btx = dc.x;
 645	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 646		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 647		col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 648		drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 649		drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 650		           occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 651		dc.x += dc.w;
 652	}
 653	if(blw > 0) {
 654		dc.w = blw;
 655		drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 656		x = dc.x + dc.w;
 657	}
 658	else
 659		x = dc.x;
 660	if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 661		dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 662		dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 663		if(dc.x < x) {
 664			dc.x = x;
 665			dc.w = m->ww - x;
 666		}
 667		drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 668	}
 669	else {
 670		dc.x = m->ww;
 671	}
 672	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 673		dc.x = x;
 674		if(m->sel) {
 675			col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 676			drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 677			drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 678		}
 679		else
 680			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 681	}
 682	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 683	XSync(dpy, False);
 684}
 685
 686void
 687drawbars(void) {
 688	Monitor *m;
 689
 690	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 691		drawbar(m);
 692}
 693
 694void
 695drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 696	int x;
 697	XGCValues gcv;
 698	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 699
 700	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 701	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 702	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 703	r.x = dc.x + 1;
 704	r.y = dc.y + 1;
 705	if(filled) {
 706		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 707		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 708	}
 709	else if(empty) {
 710		r.width = r.height = x;
 711		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 712	}
 713}
 714
 715void
 716drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 717	char buf[256];
 718	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 719	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 720
 721	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 722	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 723	if(!text)
 724		return;
 725	olen = strlen(text);
 726	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 727	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 728	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 729	/* shorten text if necessary */
 730	for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 731	if(!len)
 732		return;
 733	memcpy(buf, text, len);
 734	if(len < olen)
 735		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 736	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 737	if(dc.font.set)
 738		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 739	else
 740		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 741}
 742
 743void
 744enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 745	Client *c;
 746	Monitor *m;
 747	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 748
 749	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 750		return;
 751	if((m = getmon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
 752		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 753		selmon = m;
 754	}
 755	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 756		focus(c);
 757	else
 758		focus(NULL);
 759}
 760
 761void
 762expose(XEvent *e) {
 763	Monitor *m;
 764	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 765
 766	if(ev->count == 0 && (m = getmon(ev->window)))
 767		drawbar(m);
 768}
 769
 770void
 771focus(Client *c) {
 772	if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 773		for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 774	if(selmon->sel)
 775		unfocus(selmon->sel);
 776	if(c) {
 777		if(c->mon != selmon)
 778			selmon = c->mon;
 779		if(c->isurgent)
 780			clearurgent(c);
 781		detachstack(c);
 782		attachstack(c);
 783		grabbuttons(c, True);
 784		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 785		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 786	}
 787	else
 788		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 789	selmon->sel = c;
 790	drawbars();
 791}
 792
 793void
 794focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 795	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 796
 797	if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 798		XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 799}
 800
 801#ifdef XINERAMA
 802void
 803focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 804	Monitor *m;
 805
 806	if(!(m = getmonn(arg->ui)) || m == selmon)
 807		return;
 808	unfocus(selmon->sel);
 809	selmon = m;
 810	focus(NULL);
 811}
 812#endif /* XINERAMA */
 813
 814void
 815focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 816	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 817
 818	if(!selmon->sel)
 819		return;
 820	if(arg->i > 0) {
 821		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 822		if(!c)
 823			for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 824	}
 825	else {
 826		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 827			if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 828				c = i;
 829		if(!c)
 830			for(; i; i = i->next)
 831				if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 832					c = i;
 833	}
 834	if(c) {
 835		focus(c);
 836		restack(selmon);
 837	}
 838}
 839
 840Client *
 841getclient(Window w) {
 842	Client *c;
 843	Monitor *m;
 844
 845	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 846		for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
 847			if(c->win == w)
 848				return c;
 849	return NULL;
 850}
 851
 852unsigned long
 853getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 854	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 855	XColor color;
 856
 857	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 858		die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 859	return color.pixel;
 860}
 861
 862Monitor *
 863getmon(Window w) {
 864	int x, y;
 865	Client *c;
 866	Monitor *m;
 867
 868	if(w == root && getrootpointer(&x, &y))
 869		return getmonxy(x, y);
 870	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 871		if(w == m->barwin)
 872			return m;
 873	if((c = getclient(w)))
 874		return c->mon;
 875	return NULL;
 876}
 877
 878Monitor *
 879getmonn(unsigned int n) {
 880	unsigned int i;
 881	Monitor *m;
 882
 883	for(m = mons, i = 0; m && i != n; m = m->next, i++);
 884	return m;
 885}
 886
 887Monitor *
 888getmonxy(int x, int y) {
 889	Monitor *m;
 890
 891	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 892		if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh))
 893			return m;
 894	return NULL;
 895}
 896
 897Bool
 898getrootpointer(int *x, int *y) {
 899	int di;
 900	unsigned int dui;
 901	Window dummy;
 902	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
 903}
 904
 905long
 906getstate(Window w) {
 907	int format, status;
 908	long result = -1;
 909	unsigned char *p = NULL;
 910	unsigned long n, extra;
 911	Atom real;
 912
 913	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 914			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 915	if(status != Success)
 916		return -1;
 917	if(n != 0)
 918		result = *p;
 919	XFree(p);
 920	return result;
 921}
 922
 923Bool
 924gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 925	char **list = NULL;
 926	int n;
 927	XTextProperty name;
 928
 929	if(!text || size == 0)
 930		return False;
 931	text[0] = '\0';
 932	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 933	if(!name.nitems)
 934		return False;
 935	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 936		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 937	else {
 938		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 939		&& n > 0 && *list) {
 940			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 941			XFreeStringList(list);
 942		}
 943	}
 944	text[size - 1] = '\0';
 945	XFree(name.value);
 946	return True;
 947}
 948
 949void
 950grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 951	updatenumlockmask();
 952	{
 953		unsigned int i, j;
 954		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 955		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 956		if(focused) {
 957			for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 958				if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 959					for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 960						XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 961						            buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 962						            c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 963						            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 964		} else
 965			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 966			            BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 967	}
 968}
 969
 970void
 971grabkeys(void) {
 972	updatenumlockmask();
 973	{ /* grab keys */
 974		unsigned int i, j;
 975		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 976		KeyCode code;
 977
 978		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 979		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 980			if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 981				for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 982					XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 983						 True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 984		}
 985	}
 986}
 987
 988void
 989initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 990	char *def, **missing;
 991	int i, n;
 992
 993	missing = NULL;
 994	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 995	if(missing) {
 996		while(n--)
 997			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 998		XFreeStringList(missing);
 999	}
1000	if(dc.font.set) {
1001		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
1002		XFontStruct **xfonts;
1003		char **font_names;
1004		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
1005		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
1006		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
1007		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
1008			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
1009			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
1010			xfonts++;
1011		}
1012	}
1013	else {
1014		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
1015		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
1016			die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
1017		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
1018		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
1019	}
1020	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
1021}
1022
1023Bool
1024isprotodel(Client *c) {
1025	int i, n;
1026	Atom *protocols;
1027	Bool ret = False;
1028
1029	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
1030		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
1031			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
1032				ret = True;
1033		XFree(protocols);
1034	}
1035	return ret;
1036}
1037
1038void
1039keypress(XEvent *e) {
1040	unsigned int i;
1041	KeySym keysym;
1042	XKeyEvent *ev;
1043
1044	ev = &e->xkey;
1045	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1046	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1047		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1048		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1049		   && keys[i].func)
1050			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1051}
1052
1053void
1054killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1055	XEvent ev;
1056
1057	if(!selmon->sel)
1058		return;
1059	if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1060		ev.type = ClientMessage;
1061		ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1062		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1063		ev.xclient.format = 32;
1064		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1065		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1066		XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1067	}
1068	else
1069		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1070}
1071
1072void
1073manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1074	static Client cz;
1075	Client *c, *t = NULL;
1076	Window trans = None;
1077	XWindowChanges wc;
1078
1079	if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1080		die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1081	*c = cz;
1082	c->win = w;
1083	c->mon = selmon;
1084
1085	/* geometry */
1086	c->x = wa->x;
1087	c->y = wa->y;
1088	c->w = wa->width;
1089	c->h = wa->height;
1090	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1091	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1092		c->x = sx;
1093		c->y = sy;
1094		c->bw = 0;
1095	}
1096	else {
1097		if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
1098			c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
1099		if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
1100			c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
1101		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
1102		/* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1103		c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1104		           && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
1105		c->bw = borderpx;
1106	}
1107
1108	wc.border_width = c->bw;
1109	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1110	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1111	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1112	updatesizehints(c);
1113	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1114	grabbuttons(c, False);
1115	updatetitle(c);
1116	if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1117		t = getclient(trans);
1118	if(t)
1119		c->tags = t->tags;
1120	else
1121		applyrules(c);
1122	if(!c->isfloating)
1123		c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1124	if(c->isfloating)
1125		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1126	attach(c);
1127	attachstack(c);
1128	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1129	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1130	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1131	arrange();
1132}
1133
1134void
1135mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1136	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1137
1138	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1139	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1140		grabkeys();
1141}
1142
1143void
1144maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1145	static XWindowAttributes wa;
1146	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1147
1148	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1149		return;
1150	if(wa.override_redirect)
1151		return;
1152	if(!getclient(ev->window))
1153		manage(ev->window, &wa);
1154}
1155
1156void
1157monocle(Monitor *m) {
1158	Client *c;
1159
1160	for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1161		resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1162}
1163
1164void
1165movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1166	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
1167	Client *c;
1168	Monitor *m;
1169	XEvent ev;
1170
1171	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1172		return;
1173	restack(selmon);
1174	ocx = c->x;
1175	ocy = c->y;
1176	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1177	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1178		return;
1179	if(!getrootpointer(&x, &y))
1180		return;
1181	do {
1182		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1183		switch (ev.type) {
1184		case ConfigureRequest:
1185		case Expose:
1186		case MapRequest:
1187			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1188			break;
1189		case MotionNotify:
1190			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1191			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1192			if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1193			        && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1194				if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1195					nx = selmon->wx;
1196				else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1197					nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1198				if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1199					ny = selmon->wy;
1200				else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1201					ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1202				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1203				                  && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1204					togglefloating(NULL);
1205			}
1206			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1207				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1208			break;
1209		}
1210	}
1211	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1212	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1213	if((m = getmonxy(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon)
1214		sendmon(c, m);
1215}
1216
1217Client *
1218nexttiled(Client *c) {
1219	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1220	return c;
1221}
1222
1223void
1224propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1225	Client *c;
1226	Window trans;
1227	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1228
1229	if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1230		updatestatus();
1231	else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1232		return; /* ignore */
1233	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1234		switch (ev->atom) {
1235		default: break;
1236		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1237			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1238			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1239				arrange();
1240			break;
1241		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1242			updatesizehints(c);
1243			break;
1244		case XA_WM_HINTS:
1245			updatewmhints(c);
1246			drawbars();
1247			break;
1248		}
1249		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1250			updatetitle(c);
1251			if(c == selmon->sel)
1252				drawbars();
1253		}
1254	}
1255}
1256
1257void
1258quit(const Arg *arg) {
1259	running = False;
1260}
1261
1262void
1263resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1264	XWindowChanges wc;
1265
1266	if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1267		c->x = wc.x = x;
1268		c->y = wc.y = y;
1269		c->w = wc.width = w;
1270		c->h = wc.height = h;
1271		wc.border_width = c->bw;
1272		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1273		configure(c);
1274		XSync(dpy, False);
1275	}
1276}
1277
1278void
1279resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1280	int ocx, ocy;
1281	int nw, nh;
1282	Client *c;
1283	Monitor *m;
1284	XEvent ev;
1285
1286	if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1287		return;
1288	restack(selmon);
1289	ocx = c->x;
1290	ocy = c->y;
1291	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1292	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1293		return;
1294	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1295	do {
1296		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1297		switch(ev.type) {
1298		case ConfigureRequest:
1299		case Expose:
1300		case MapRequest:
1301			handler[ev.type](&ev);
1302			break;
1303		case MotionNotify:
1304			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1305			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1306
1307			if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1308			        && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1309				if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1310				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1311					togglefloating(NULL);
1312			}
1313			if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1314				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1315			break;
1316		}
1317	}
1318	while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1319	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1320	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1321	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1322	if((m = getmonxy(c->x + c->w / 2, c->y + c->h / 2)) != selmon)
1323		sendmon(c, m);
1324}
1325
1326void
1327restack(Monitor *m) {
1328	Client *c;
1329	XEvent ev;
1330	XWindowChanges wc;
1331
1332	drawbars();
1333	if(!m->sel)
1334		return;
1335	if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1336		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1337	if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1338		wc.stack_mode = Below;
1339		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1340		for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1341			if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1342				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1343				wc.sibling = c->win;
1344			}
1345	}
1346	XSync(dpy, False);
1347	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1348}
1349
1350void
1351run(void) {
1352	XEvent ev;
1353
1354	/* main event loop */
1355	XSync(dpy, False);
1356	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1357		if(handler[ev.type])
1358			(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1359	}
1360}
1361
1362void
1363scan(void) {
1364	unsigned int i, num;
1365	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1366	XWindowAttributes wa;
1367
1368	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1369		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1370			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1371			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1372				continue;
1373			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1374				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1375		}
1376		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1377			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1378				continue;
1379			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1380			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1381				manage(wins[i], &wa);
1382		}
1383		if(wins)
1384			XFree(wins);
1385	}
1386}
1387
1388void
1389sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
1390	if(c->mon == m)
1391		return;
1392	detach(c);
1393	detachstack(c);
1394	c->mon = m;
1395	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1396	attach(c);
1397	attachstack(c);
1398	focus(NULL);
1399	arrange();
1400}
1401
1402void
1403setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1404	long data[] = {state, None};
1405
1406	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1407			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1408}
1409
1410void
1411setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1412	if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1413		selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1414	if(arg && arg->v)
1415		lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1416	if(selmon->sel)
1417		arrange();
1418	else
1419		drawbars();
1420}
1421
1422/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1423void
1424setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1425	float f;
1426
1427	if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1428		return;
1429	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1430	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1431		return;
1432	selmon->mfact = f;
1433	arrange();
1434}
1435
1436void
1437setup(void) {
1438	unsigned int i;
1439	int w;
1440	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1441
1442	/* init screen */
1443	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1444	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1445	initfont(font);
1446	sx = 0;
1447	sy = 0;
1448	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1449	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1450	bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1451	lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1452	lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1453	updategeom();
1454
1455	/* init atoms */
1456	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1457	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1458	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1459	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1460	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1461
1462	/* init cursors */
1463	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1464	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1465	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1466
1467	/* init appearance */
1468	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1469	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1470	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1471	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1472	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1473	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1474	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1475	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1476	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1477	if(!dc.font.set)
1478		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1479
1480	/* init bars */
1481	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1482		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1483		blw = MAX(blw, w);
1484	}
1485	updatebars();
1486	updatestatus();
1487
1488	/* EWMH support per view */
1489	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1490			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1491
1492	/* select for events */
1493	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1494	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1495			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1496			|PropertyChangeMask;
1497	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1498	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1499
1500	grabkeys();
1501}
1502
1503void
1504showhide(Client *c) {
1505	if(!c)
1506		return;
1507	if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1508		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1509		if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1510			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1511		showhide(c->snext);
1512	}
1513	else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1514		showhide(c->snext);
1515		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1516	}
1517}
1518
1519
1520void
1521sigchld(int signal) {
1522	while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1523}
1524
1525void
1526spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1527	signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1528	if(fork() == 0) {
1529		if(dpy)
1530			close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1531		setsid();
1532		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1533		fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1534		perror(" failed");
1535		exit(0);
1536	}
1537}
1538
1539void
1540tag(const Arg *arg) {
1541	if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1542		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1543		arrange();
1544	}
1545}
1546
1547#ifdef XINERAMA
1548void
1549tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1550	Monitor *m;
1551
1552	if(!selmon->sel || !(m = getmonn(arg->ui)))
1553		return;
1554	sendmon(selmon->sel, m);
1555}
1556#endif /* XINERAMA */
1557
1558int
1559textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1560	XRectangle r;
1561
1562	if(dc.font.set) {
1563		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1564		return r.width;
1565	}
1566	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1567}
1568
1569void
1570tile(Monitor *m) {
1571	int x, y, h, w, mw;
1572	unsigned int i, n;
1573	Client *c;
1574
1575	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1576	if(n == 0)
1577		return;
1578
1579	/* master */
1580	c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1581	mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1582	resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1583
1584	if(--n == 0)
1585		return;
1586
1587	/* tile stack */
1588	x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1589	y = m->wy;
1590	w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1591	h = m->wh / n;
1592	if(h < bh)
1593		h = m->wh;
1594
1595	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1596		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1597		       ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1598		if(h != m->wh)
1599			y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1600	}
1601}
1602
1603void
1604togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1605	selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1606	updatebarpos(selmon);
1607	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1608	arrange();
1609}
1610
1611void
1612togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1613	if(!selmon->sel)
1614		return;
1615	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1616	if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1617		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1618	arrange();
1619}
1620
1621void
1622toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1623	unsigned int mask;
1624
1625	if(!selmon->sel)
1626		return;
1627	
1628	mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1629	if(mask) {
1630		selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1631		arrange();
1632	}
1633}
1634
1635void
1636toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1637	unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1638
1639	if(mask) {
1640		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1641		arrange();
1642	}
1643}
1644
1645void
1646unfocus(Client *c) {
1647	if(!c)
1648		return;
1649	grabbuttons(c, False);
1650	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1651	XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1652}
1653
1654void
1655unmanage(Client *c) {
1656	XWindowChanges wc;
1657
1658	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1659	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1660	XGrabServer(dpy);
1661	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1662	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1663	detach(c);
1664	detachstack(c);
1665	if(c->mon->sel == c) {
1666		/* TODO: consider separate the next code into a function or into detachstack? */
1667		Client *tc;
1668		for(tc = c->mon->stack; tc && !ISVISIBLE(tc); tc = tc->snext);
1669		c->mon->sel = tc;
1670		focus(NULL);
1671	}
1672	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1673	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1674	free(c);
1675	XSync(dpy, False);
1676	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1677	XUngrabServer(dpy);
1678	arrange();
1679}
1680
1681void
1682unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1683	Client *c;
1684	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1685
1686	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1687		unmanage(c);
1688}
1689
1690void
1691updatebars(void) {
1692	Monitor *m;
1693	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1694
1695	wa.override_redirect = True;
1696	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1697	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1698
1699	for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1700		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1701
1702		                          CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1703		                          CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1704		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1705		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1706	}
1707}
1708
1709void
1710updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1711	m->wy = m->my;
1712	m->wh = m->mh;
1713	if(m->showbar) {
1714		m->wh -= bh;
1715		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1716		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1717	}
1718	else
1719		m->by = -bh;
1720}
1721
1722void
1723updategeom(void) {
1724	int i, n = 1;
1725	Client *c;
1726	Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1727
1728#ifdef XINULATOR
1729	n = 2;
1730#elif defined(XINERAMA)
1731	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1732
1733	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1734		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1735#endif
1736	/* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1737	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1738		m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1739		m->next = newmons;
1740		newmons = m;
1741	}
1742
1743	/* initialise monitor(s) */
1744#ifdef XINULATOR
1745	if(1) {
1746		m = newmons;
1747		m->screen_number = 0;
1748		m->wx = sx;
1749		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1750		m->ww = sw;
1751		m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1752		m = newmons->next;
1753		m->screen_number = 1;
1754		m->wx = sx;
1755		m->my = m->wy = sy + sh / 2;
1756		m->ww = sw;
1757		m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1758	}
1759	else
1760#elif defined(XINERAMA)
1761	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1762		for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1763			m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1764			m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1765			m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1766			m->ww = info[i].width;
1767			m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1768		}
1769		XFree(info);
1770	}
1771	else
1772#endif
1773	/* default monitor setup */
1774	{
1775		m->screen_number = 0;
1776		m->wx = sx;
1777		m->my = m->wy = sy;
1778		m->ww = sw;
1779		m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1780	}
1781
1782	/* bar geometry setup */
1783	for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1784		/* TODO: consider removing the following values from config.h */
1785		m->clients = NULL;
1786		m->sel = NULL;
1787		m->stack = NULL;
1788		m->seltags = 0;
1789		m->sellt = 0;
1790		m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1791		m->mfact = mfact;
1792		m->showbar = showbar;
1793		m->topbar = topbar;
1794		updatebarpos(m);
1795	}
1796
1797	/* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1798	for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1799		while(tm->clients) {
1800			c = tm->clients;
1801			tm->clients = c->next;
1802			detachstack(c);
1803			c->mon = newmons;
1804			attach(c);
1805			attachstack(c);
1806		}
1807
1808	/* select focused monitor */
1809	cleanupmons();
1810	mons = newmons;
1811	selmon = getmon(root);
1812}
1813
1814void
1815updatenumlockmask(void) {
1816	unsigned int i, j;
1817	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1818
1819	numlockmask = 0;
1820	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1821	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1822		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1823			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1824			   == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1825				numlockmask = (1 << i);
1826	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1827}
1828
1829void
1830updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1831	long msize;
1832	XSizeHints size;
1833
1834	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1835		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1836		size.flags = PSize;
1837	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1838		c->basew = size.base_width;
1839		c->baseh = size.base_height;
1840	}
1841	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1842		c->basew = size.min_width;
1843		c->baseh = size.min_height;
1844	}
1845	else
1846		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1847	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1848		c->incw = size.width_inc;
1849		c->inch = size.height_inc;
1850	}
1851	else
1852		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1853	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1854		c->maxw = size.max_width;
1855		c->maxh = size.max_height;
1856	}
1857	else
1858		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1859	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1860		c->minw = size.min_width;
1861		c->minh = size.min_height;
1862	}
1863	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1864		c->minw = size.base_width;
1865		c->minh = size.base_height;
1866	}
1867	else
1868		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1869	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1870		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1871		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1872	}
1873	else
1874		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1875	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1876	             && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1877}
1878
1879void
1880updatetitle(Client *c) {
1881	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1882		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1883}
1884
1885void
1886updatestatus(void) {
1887	if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1888		strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1889	drawbar(selmon);
1890}
1891
1892void
1893updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1894	XWMHints *wmh;
1895
1896	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1897		if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1898			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1899			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1900		}
1901		else
1902			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1903
1904		XFree(wmh);
1905	}
1906}
1907
1908void
1909view(const Arg *arg) {
1910	if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1911		return;
1912	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1913	if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1914		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1915	arrange();
1916}
1917
1918/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1919 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1920 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1921int
1922xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1923	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1924	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1925	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1926	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1927	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1928	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1929	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1930	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1931	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1932		return 0;
1933	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1934			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1935	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1936}
1937
1938int
1939xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1940	return 0;
1941}
1942
1943/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1944 * is already running. */
1945int
1946xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1947	otherwm = True;
1948	return -1;
1949}
1950
1951void
1952zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1953	Client *c = selmon->sel;
1954
1955	if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1956		return;
1957	if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1958		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1959			return;
1960	detach(c);
1961	attach(c);
1962	focus(c);
1963	arrange();
1964}
1965
1966int
1967main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1968	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1969		die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1970	else if(argc != 1)
1971		die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1972
1973	if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1974		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1975
1976	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1977		die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1978
1979	checkotherwm();
1980	setup();
1981	scan();
1982	run();
1983	cleanup();
1984
1985	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1986	return 0;
1987}